고 2 천재

Lesson 4  The History of Bowling

볼링의 역사

오늘날 우리가 대중 스포츠를 즐기는 것들이 어떻게 생기게 되었는지 궁금하게 여겨본 적이 있는가? 많은 종류의 스포츠는 원시적인 형태의 스포츠에서 상당히 복잡한 형태로 발전하며 그 이면에 긴 역사를 가지고 있다 그 과정 동안, 각 스포츠의 규칙과 형태는 극적인 변화를 겼었다 다음 글은 볼링이 어떻게 현재와 같은 모습을 갖추게 되었는지 설명해 준다

기원 후 3세기에 독일의 한 교회에서 예배가 시작되었다 기도문이 낭독되고, 찬송가가 불려지고, 설교가 행해진다 그리고 예배의 마지막 순서 시간이 되어 모든 사람들이 볼링을 하러 간다!

이상하게 들리지만, 그것이 바로 독일에서 초창기 기독교 예배의 일부분으로 볼링이 시작된 방식이다 아침 예배 후, 사람들은 교회 마당으로 나갔는데, 그곳에는 보통 핀이라고 불리는 나무 막대가 하나 서 있었다 그 핀은 악마를 상징했고, 한 명씩 차례대로 그 핀에 돌을 굴리거나 던지곤 했다

[1]

Have you ever wondered about how what we have as popular sports today

↳ 의문사            ↳ s

came into existence? Many kinds of sports have a long history behind them,

v     ↳ appear

evolving from a primitive form of sport into a highly sophisticated one. During

부대상황 ⇒ as they have evolved	advanced, complex, complicated

the process, rules and styles of each sport went through dramatic changes.

* undergo, experience

The following essay explains how bowling came to be what it is today.

↳ as it is today

It's the third century A.D. and in a German church worship has begun.

Prayers are said, hymns sung, a sermon given. Then it's time for the last

주어가 대상        ↳ are sung       ↳ are given

part of the service: now everybody goes bowling!

It sounds crazy, but that's how the sport started, as part of an early Christian

worship service in Germany. After the morning service, people went out into

the church yard, where a single wooden stick, a pin as it is usually called,

↳ and there

stood. The pin represented the devil, and one after another, people would

exemplify  symbolize

roll or throw a stone at it.

[2]

If someone hit it and knocked it over, it meant that person was a good

↳ if 절

누군가가 그 핀을 맞히거나 쓰러뜨리면, 그 사람은 잘 맞히는 사람일 뿐 아니라 독실한 신도임을 의미했다 맞히지 못한 사람들의 경우에는 다음 일요일에 다시 와서 스스로를 입증하기 위해 다시 시도해야 했다

성직자들은 볼링을 잘해야만 했고 그래서 부지런히 볼링을 연습했다. 결과로서 그들은 그 게임을 오늘날과 같은 게임으로 만들었다. 참가자 수와 같은 수의 핀을 사용하기 시작했다 모든 핀을 쓰러뜨려야 했기에, 그들은 곧 작은 돌이 알맞지 않다는 것을 깨닫게 되었고, 더 큰 돌, 대략 현재의 볼링공과 같은 크기의 돌이 필요하게 되었다 승자는 많은 수의 핀, 즉 가장 많은 악마를 쓰러뜨리는 사람이었다

2세기가 지나고 차츰 사람들은 볼링을 볼링 자체로 좋아하기 시작했다 성직자들을 포함한 모든 사람들은 볼링을 종교적 행사로 여기지 않게 되었다 대신, 볼링을 있는 그대로, 즉 모든 사람들이 즐길 수 있는 재미있고 유용한 스포츠로 여겼다.

believer as well as a good shot. As for those who missed, they had to come

back next Sunday and try it again to prove themselves.

Priests had to be good bowlers so they practiced bowling with diligence.

O	⇒ diligently

As a result, they ended up making the game more like we know it today.

결과적으로～하게 되다

They began to use as many pins as there were participants. With all the pins

동등비교

to knock over, they soon realized that a small stone wasn't going to do

목적을 달성하다, (약 따위가) 효험(効驗)이 있다

the trick; a bigger stone, about the size of today's bowling ball, became

= be effective

necessary. The winner was the one who knocked down the most pins, that

is, the most devils.

Two centuries passed, and little by little, people began to like bowling

for its own sake. Everyone, including the priests, stopped thinking of it as

그 자체로서

a religious ceremony. Instead, they saw bowling for what it really was―a fun

있는 그대로

and valuable sport that everyone could enjoy.

[3]

Sometimes people took the sport indoors and bowled in their houses.

때때로 사람들은 그 스포츠를 실내로 가져와 집안에서 볼링을 했다 벽과 가구들이 부서지는 것을 막기 위해, 사람들은 딱딱한 고무줄로 만들어진 볼링공과 고안된 핀을 사용하기 시작했다.

많은 사람들은 잔디밭에서 볼링을 즐기며 여전히 실외에서 볼링을 했다 하지만, 잔디가 볼링공의 속도를 감소하게 하는 것이 문제였다 잔디가 너무 길고 고르지 않았다 많은 시행착오 끝에, 사람들은 마침내 단단한 흙으로 된 레인을 만들어 냈고, 그 레인은 빠른 속도와 편평한 표면을 제공했다

오랫동안, 볼링을 즐기던 사람들은 손바닥으로 공을 감쌌다가 손에서 공을 떨어뜨려 굴려야 했다 종종 공이 손에서 미끄러져 바닥이나 누군가의 발 위로, 대부분은 자기 자신의 발등으로 떨어졌다 그 후, 14세기에 한 사람이 공 안으로 손가락이 들어갈 구멍을 뚫어 보았는데 그 구멍들이 매우 유용하다는 것을 알게 되었다 이 창의적인 천재가 없었다면, 우리는 아직까지도 볼링공을 손바닥으로 들고 있었을지도 모른다

To keep from breaking walls and furniture, they began using bowling balls

= prevent

made of solid rubber and specially designed pins.

↑ which were 생략	과거분사 : 수식하는 명사 pins 가 대상

Many people still bowled outdoors, playing on lawns. The problem with

grass, however, is that it slows the ball down; the grass was too long and

grass

uneven. After many trials and errors, they finally created alleys made of

hardened clay, which provided a fast, smooth surface.

= and it

For a long time, bowlers had to have their palms around their balls and roll

them off their hands. The balls often slid from their hands, onto the floor or

onto someone's foot, most often their own. Then, a fellow in the fourteenth

century, tried drilling finger holes into the ball and found the holes to be

* try ～ing  시험삼아～하다

extremely useful. Were it not for this creative genius, we might be still

If it were not for = But for = Without

holding the ball in our palms.

[4]

The number of bowling pins was a controversial issue for a long time. In

볼링핀의 숫자는 오랫동안 논쟁 거리였다 중세 시대에 볼링은 유럽에서 점점 더 인기를 얻게 되었고, 볼링핀의 숫자는 지역마다 다양했다 어떤 마을에서는 사람들이 다섯 개의 핀을 사용했고, 어떤 곳에서는 레인에 열일곱 개의 핀이 세워졌다 몇 마일 떨어진 곳의 사람들은 옛날처럼 단 하나의 핀만 있어야 한다고 주장했는지도 모른다

16세기가 되어서야 유명한 종교 개혁가이자 열렬하게 볼링을 좋아했던 Martin Luther의 도움으로 사람들은 핀의 숫자에 합의를 보게 되었다 그는 사람들에게 오랫동안 볼링을 해보니 아홉 핀 방식이 가장 좋다는 것을 알게 되었다고 말했다 그의 많은 추종자들이 그의 방식을 모방하여 그 방식은 곧 표준이 되었다 볼링핀들은 상자 같은 형태로 각각 세 핀씩 세 줄로 놓이게 되었다

S	단수 : 수의 일치

the Middle Ages, the sport became increasingly popular in Europe, and the

number of pins varied from place to place. In one town people used five

pins, and in another, the alleys were set up with seventeen. A few miles away

= established

people might insist that there should be just one pin, like the good old

days.

Not until the sixteenth century did people finally agree on a number, with

= People didn't agree on a number until sixteen century.

= It was not until the sixteen century that people finally agree on a number

the help of Martin Luther, a famous reformer and an avid bowler. He told

= anxious, ardent, eager

people that many years of playing the sport had taught him that the nine-pins

S                  대과거

style was the best. Many of his followers imitated his style and pretty soon

it became the standard. The pins were set up in a box-like shape, in three

rows with three pins each.

[5]

Historians note that some time in the eighteenth century, one of the passengers

역사가들은  18세기 무렵, 네덜란드에서 미국에서 가는 배의 승객 중 한 명이 볼링공과 볼링핀을 가져왔다고 기록하고 있다 볼링은 미국에서도 역시 많은 사람들에게 인기를 얻었지만, 웬일인지 술집 같은 불경스러운 장소와 관련되기 시작했다 아홉 핀 볼링은 곧 사기꾼들과 도둑들이 즐기는 도박으로 여겨지게 되었다 그 비윤리적인 스포츠로부터 주민들을 보호하려는 생각으로 몇몇 지역 사회는 아홉 핀 볼링 경기를 법으로 금지시켰다

그러나 물론 그 법을 피하는 것은 전혀 어렵지 않았다 경기자들은 단지 핀을 하나 더했다 법에는 ‘아홉 핀 볼링’이 불법이라고 나와 있었으나 ‘열 핀 볼링’에 대해서는 아무 언급도 없었다 보안관들이 와도, 사람들에게 어떤 혐의도 씌울 수가 없었다 그리고 그것이 바로 오늘날까지 우리가 열 핀으로 볼링을 하게 된 이유이다

of a ship from Holland to America brought a bowling ball and pins. Although

bowling won many hearts in America as well, somehow it began to be associated

win - won - won = get, obtain	be concerned with: 관련되다

with disrespectful places like saloons. Ninepins soon came to be seen as

실례되는; 경시한	come to～ / get to～: ～하게 되다

a gambling game, played by crooks, and thieves. Some communities outlawed

↑ which was

ninepins in hopes of protecting their people from such an unethical sport.

But of course getting around the law wasn't difficult at all; players just added

one more pin. The laws stated that "ninepins" was illegal, but they didn't say

anything about "tenpins." When the sheriffs came, they couldn't charge

people with anything. And that's why to this day we play bowling with

tenpins.

빈 칸 완 성

The History of Bowling

Have you ever wondered about ______ what we have as popular sports today _______________? Many kinds of sports have a long history behind them, ___________(evolve) from a primitive form of sport into a highly sophisticated one. During the process, rules and styles of each sport ____________(겪다) dramatic changes. The following essay explains ________ bowling came to be what it is today.

It's the third century A.D. and in a German church worship has begun. Prayers are said, hymns _______,(sing) a sermon ________.(give)

Then it's time for the last part of the service: now everybody goes bowling!

It sounds crazy, but that's ________ the sport started, as part of an early Christian worship service in Germany. After the morning service, people went out into the church yard, ________ a single wooden stick, a pin as it is usually called, stood. The pin represented the devil, and ____________(차례대로), people __________ roll or throw a stone at it.

If someone hit it and knocked it over, it meant that person was a good believer ____________ a good shot. _________ those who missed, they had to come back next Sunday and try it again __________ themselves.

Priests had to be good bowlers so they practiced bowling ____________.(부지런히) ___________,(그 결과) they _____________(결국 만들게 되었다) the game more like we know it today. They began to use as many pins as there were ____________.(참가자) ______( 때문에) all the pins to knock over, they soon realized that a small stone wasn't going to do the trick; a bigger stone, about the size of today's bowling ball, became necessary. The winner was the one _______ knocked down the most pins, that is, the most devils.

Two centuries passed, and _________,(점차로) people began to like bowling ________________.(그자체로) Everyone, including the priests, stopped __________(think) of it as a religious ceremony. Instead, they saw bowling for what it really was―a fun and valuable sport that everyone could enjoy.

Sometimes people took the sport indoors and bowled in their houses. ___ _____________ walls and furniture, they began using bowling balls __________ solid rubber and specially designed pins.

Many people still bowled outdoors, playing on lawns. The problem with grass, _________, is that it ______ the ball _______; the grass was __________ and ________. After many __________, they finally created alleys _________ hardened clay, which provided a fast, smooth surface.

_____________, bowlers had to have their palms around their balls and _____ them ______ their hands. The balls often slid from their hands, onto the floor or onto someone's foot, most often their own. Then, a fellow in the fourteenth century, tried drilling finger holes into the ball and found the holes to be extremely useful. __________________ this creative genius, we ________ be still ________ the ball in our palms.

The number of bowling pins ______ a ____________ issue for a long time. In the Middle Ages, the sport became increasingly popular in Europe, and _________________(볼링 핀의 수) varied ______________ _______. In one town people used five pins, and in another, the alleys were _________(세워 졌다) with seventeen. A few miles away people might insist that there ___________ just one pin, like the good old days.

Not until the sixteenth century ____ people finally ______ on a number, _____________(의 도움으로) Martin Luther, a famous reformer and an avid bowler.  강조 용법으로 바꾸기

→

He told people that many years of playing the sport _________t him that the nine-pins style was the best. Many of his followers imitated his style and pretty soon ____ became the standard. The pins were set up in a ____________, in three rows with three pins each.

Historians ______ that some time in the eighteenth century, one of the passengers of a ship from Holland to America brought a bowling ball and pins. _________ bowling _____ many ______ in America _______l, somehow it began to ___________ disrespectful places like saloons. Ninepins soon came to be seen ___ a gambling game, played ___ crooks, and thieves. Some communities in hopes of _______(protect) their people from such an unethical sport outlawed ninepins.

But of course __________ the law ______ difficult ______; players just added one more pin. The laws stated that "ninepins" was ______l, but they didn't say anything about "tenpins." When the sheriffs came, they couldn't _____ people with anything. And that's _____ to this day we play bowling with tenpins.

Dialogue

(At a bowling alley)

Sarang: I don't even know why I'm here. I don't know how to bowl.

Jessica: It's easy as pie. I'll teach you.

Sarang: I'll be lucky if I don't drop the ball on my foot. I'd better watch you play first.

Jessica: Good idea. (bowls) I got nine pins in total.

Sarang: That didn't look too hard. Can I try it now?

Jessica: Sure. Just put your thumb in the bottom hole, your middle and ring fingers in the upper two holes.

Sarang: Like this?

Jessica: Right. Then swing the ball and slowly release it toward the pins.

Sarang: O.K. Here I go. (bowls) Wow! I got all ten of them.

Jessica: I don't believe it. You're a natural!

(볼링장에서)

사랑: 내가 왜 여기 있는지 모르겠어. 나 볼링할 줄 몰라

Jessica: 식은 죽 먹기야 내가 가르쳐 줄게

사랑: 발등에 볼링공이나 떨어뜨리지 않으면 다행이겠다

네가 하는 것을 먼저 보는게 좋겠어

Jessica: 좋은 생각이야(공을 굴린다) 총 아홉 핀 득점했어

사랑: 그리 어려워 보이지 않네 한번 해볼까

Jessica: 그래 아래 구멍에 엄지를 넣고, 위 쪽 두 구멍에 중지와 약지를 집어 넣어 봐

사랑: 이렇게?

Jessica: 그렇지 그리고 공을 앞뒤로 흔들어서 천천히 핀을 향해서 놓아 봐

사랑: 알았어 자, 간다 (공을 굴린다) 와!열개 다 쓰러뜨렸어

Jessica: 믿을 수가 없어 너 천부적이구나!

Dialogue

(At a bowoling alley)

Sarang: I don't even know why I'm here.

I don't know _________ bowl.

Jessica: It's ______________. I'll teach you.

Sarang: I'll be lucky if I don't drop the ball on my foot.

I'd better watch you play first.

Jessica: Good idea. (bowls) I got nine pins in total.

Sarang: That didn't look __________. Can I try it now?

Jessica: Sure. Just put your thumb in the bottom hole,

your middle and ring fingers in the upper two holes.

Sarang: Like this?

Jessica: Right. Then ________ the ball and slowly _________ it

toward the pins.

Sarang: O.K. Here I go. (bowls) Wow! I got all ten of them.

Jessica: I don't believe it. ______________l!