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1811h3.pdf


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1811H3 | Since 2005 위스마트, 임희재 | WAYNE.TISTORY.COM | +821033383436 | 제작일 181115 17:38:41



 🎸 레알 서술형 문장 연습 



✔️ 사용된 코드: 전접, 조투, 조해피 ,비빙피 ,햅빈잉 ,햅빈피 ,비피투 ,비피댓 ,비타 ,이프조과 ,더비더비 ,잇댓 ,잇포투 ,콤잉 ,접xsv ,도치



✔️ 원형화된 말: ~ing, ~ed, ~est, ~ly, be동사, have동사, do동사



 😅 주요구문 


1. ( ③ ) But the incredible amount of time required to copy a scroll or book by hand limited the speed with which information could spread this way.

2. ( ⑤ ) A printing press could copy information thousands of times faster, allowing knowledge to spread far more quickly, with full fidelity, than ever before.

3. (C) But schematic knowledge can also hurt you, promoting errors in perception and memory.

4. (C) Simply knowing they are being observed may cause people to behave differently (such as more politely!).

5. And this time, standing upright, he battled the wave all the way back to shore.

6. At the same time, they consolidated their own memory of the personal circumstances in which the event took place, an effect known as “flashbulb memory.” The more an event is socially shared, the more it will be fixed in people’s minds.

7. Biological organisms, including human societies both with and without market systems, discount distant outputs over those available at the present time based on risks associated with an uncertain future.

8. Even under ideal circumstances, hunting these fast animals with spear or bow and arrow is an ① uncertain task.

9. However, I would like to change my recipe if it is possible.

10. However, we need to be cautious about thinking of war and the image of the enemy that informs it in an abstract and uniform way.

11. In turn, they may later be discarded as the demands of present societies change, or even, as is presently occurring in the former Eastern Europe, when pasts have to be reinvented to reflect new presents.

12. Indeed, large numbers have been found to lack meaning and to be underestimated in decisions unless they convey affect (feeling).

13. It follows too that the meanings and functions of memory and tradition are defined in the present.

14. It is the former that give value, either cultural or financial, to the latter and explain why they have been selected from the near infinity of the past.

15. It is the presence of the enemy that gives meaning and justification to war.

16. It often requires great cleverness to conceive of measures that tap into what people are thinking without altering their thinking, called reactivity.

17. It was as if the butterflies were making fun of Olivia; they seemed to be laughing at (b) her, suggesting that they would lay millions more eggs.

18. It would not have taken long for mankind to apply this advantage to other goods.

19. Monumentality is not a matter of external weight, but of “inner weight.” This inner weight is the quality which Egyptian art possesses to such a degree that everything in it seems to be made of primeval stone, like a mountain range, even if it is only a few inches across or ⑤ carved in wood.

20. Naturally, people should be driven to “forget” undesirable events.

21. Never before and never since has the quality of monumentality been achieved as fully as it ② did in Egypt.

22. Obviously many of these areas overlap, but it is clear that information has taken on a life of its own outside the medium in which it is contained.

23. Once the ⑤ laboriously overtaken and killed prey had been hauled aboard, getting its body back to the tribal camp would have been far easier by boat than on land.

24. One is to create an image of sunlight and shadow so that wrinkles of the topography are alternately lit and shaded, creating a visual representation of the shape of the land.

25. The reindeer, however, had a ② weakness that mankind would mercilessly exploit: it swam poorly.

26. To help societies prevent or reduce damage from catastrophes, a huge amount of effort and technological sophistication are often employed to assess and communicate the size and scope of potential or actual losses.

27. When we learn to read, we recycle a specific region of our visual system known as the visual word-form area, enabling us to recognize strings of letters and connect them to language areas.

28. While afloat, it is uniquely ③ vulnerable, moving slowly with its antlers held high as it struggles to keep its nose above water.

29. While this was tremendously powerful, it limited the complexity of the ideas that could be propagated to those that a single person could remember.

30. ① the minority gets its point across ② the minority tones down its voice ③ the majority cultivates the minority ④ the majority brings about social change ⑤ the minority cooperates with the majority Heritage is concerned with the ways in which very selective material artefacts, mythologies, memories and traditions become resources for the present.

31. ⑤ Since photographs did such a good job of representing things as they existed in the world, painters were freed to look inward and represent things as they were in their imagination, rendering emotion in the color, volume, line, and spatial configurations native to the painter’s art.

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1811H3 | Since 2005 위스마트, 임희재 | WAYNE.TISTORY.COM | +821033383436 | 제작일 181115 17:35:52



 👏🏻 이거시험실화임? [우선순위]

   from1811H3

1. <9> The concept of the enemy is fundamental to the moral assessment of war: ‘The basic aim of a nation at war in establishing an image of the enemy is to distinguish as sharply as possible the act of killing from the act of murder’.20


2. <9> As a consequence, those people, organizations, and countries that possess the highest-quality information are likely to prosper economically, socially, and politically. 22


3. <15> Investigations into the economics of information encompass a variety of categories including the costs of information and information services; the effects of information on decision making; the savings from effective information acquisition; the effects of information on productivity; and the effects of specific agencies (such as corporate, technical, or medical libraries) on the productivity of organizations. 22


4. <9> We argue that the ethical principles of justice provide an essential foundation for policies to protect unborn generations and the poorest countries from climate change. 23


5. <13> Related issues arise in connection with current and persistently inadequate aid for these nations, in the face of growing threats to agriculture and water supply, and the rules of international trade that mainly benefit rich countries. 23


6. <10> With 20 percent of carbon emissions from (mostly tropical) deforestation, carbon credits for forest preservation would combine aid to poorer countries with one of the most cost-effective forms of abatement. 23


7. <14> Perhaps the most cost-effective but politically complicated policy reform would be the removal of several hundred billions of dollars of direct annual subsidies from the two biggest recipients in the OECD ― destructive industrial agriculture and fossil fuels. 23


8. <11> Even a small amount of this money would accelerate the already rapid rate of technical progress and investment in renewable energy in many areas, as well as encourage the essential switch to conservation agriculture.23


9. <13> To help societies prevent or reduce damage from catastrophes, a huge amount of effort and technological sophistication are often employed to assess and communicate the size and scope of potential or actual losses. 24


10. <10> Once the ⑤ laboriously overtaken and killed prey had been hauled aboard, getting its body back to the tribal camp would have been far easier by boat than on land. 30


11. <11> The crucial factor in the success of the suffragette movement was that its supporters were consistent in their views, and this created a considerable degree of social influence. 32


12. <14> Minorities that are active and organised, who support and defend their position consistently, can create social conflict, doubt and uncertainty among members of the majority, and ultimately this may lead to social change.32


13. <9> Christianity, trade unionism or feminism) were originally due to the influence of an outspoken minority. 32


14. <11> ① the minority gets its point across ② the minority tones down its voice ③ the majority cultivates the minority ④ the majority brings about social change ⑤ the minority cooperates with the majority 32


15. <9> Heritage is concerned with the ways in which very selective material artefacts, mythologies, memories and traditions become resources for the present. 33


16. <9> ① a collection of memories and traditions of a society ② as much about forgetting as remembering the past ③ neither concerned with the present nor the future ④ a mirror reflecting the artefacts of the past ⑤ about preserving universal cultural values 33


17. <9> Likewise, when we learn Arabic numerals we build a circuit to quickly convert those shapes into quantities ― a fast connection from bilateral visual areas to the parietal quantity area. 34


18. <9> This “cultural recycling” implies that the functional architecture of the human brain results from a complex mixture of biological and cultural constraints. 34


19. <11> ① our brains put a limit on cultural diversity ② we can mobilize our old areas in novel ways ③ cultural tools stabilize our brain functionality ④ our brain regions operate in an isolated manner ⑤ we cannot adapt ourselves to natural challenges 34


20. <13> ⑤ Since photographs did such a good job of representing things as they existed in the world, painters were freed to look inward and represent things as they were in their imagination, rendering emotion in the color, volume, line, and spatial configurations native to the painter’s art. 35


21. <15> (B) It often requires compromises, such as testing behavior within laboratories rather than natural settings, and asking those readily available (such as introduction to psychology students) to participate rather than collecting data from a true cross-section of the population. 36


22. <10> (B) Any reliance on schematic knowledge, therefore, will be shaped by this information about what’s “normal.” Thus, if there are things you don’t notice while viewing a situation or event, your schemata will lead you to fill in these “gaps” with knowledge about what’s normally in place in that setting. 37


23. <10> Moreover, the types of errors produced by schemata are quite predictable: Bear in mind that schemata summarize the broad pattern of your experience, and so they tell you, in essence, what’s typical or ordinary in a given situation. 37


24. <11> The advent of literacy and the creation of handwritten scrolls and, eventually, handwritten books strengthened the ability of large and complex ideas to spread with high fidelity. 38


25. <9> One is to create an image of sunlight and shadow so that wrinkles of the topography are alternately lit and shaded, creating a visual representation of the shape of the land. 39


26. <12> Biological organisms, including human societies both with and without market systems, discount distant outputs over those available at the present time based on risks associated with an uncertain future. 40


27. For example, the energy output from solar panels or wind power engines, where most investment happens before they begin producing, may need to be assessed differently when compared to most fossil fuel extraction technologies, where a large proportion of the energy output comes much sooner, and a larger (relative) proportion of inputs is applied during the extraction process, and not upfront. 40


28. <10> over many renewable technologies, also have a “temporal advantage” after accounting for human behavioral preference for current consumption/return. 40


29. <9> Due to the fact that people tend to favor more (A) outputs, fossil fuels are more (B) than renewable energy alternatives in regards to the distance between inputs and outputs. 40


30. <12> The importance of this can hardly be exaggerated, for whole new industries were emerging to exploit and (e) develop the leisure market, which was to become a huge source of consumer demand, employment, and profit. 4142



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1811H3 | Since 2005 위스마트, 임희재 | WAYNE.TISTORY.COM | +821033383436 | 제작일 181115 17:32:48



 🧕🏻 단어단어 

 



(1)
 abatement 감소/폐지
(2)
 abilities 능력
(3)
 aboard 배를 탄
(4)
 abstract 추상적인
(5)
 abundant 풍부한/많은
(6)
 accelerate 가속하다
(7)
 accomplishment 성취/업적
(8)
 accurate 정확한
(9)
 achieved 달성하다
(10)
 acquisition 획득/취득
(11)
 adapt 적응시키다/조정하다
(12)
 admittedly없다앋아다앋아다아advantage유리/이점
(13)
 advent 도래/출현
(14)
 affect 영향을 주다/작용하다
(15)
 afloat없다앋아다앋아다아 agencies대리인
(16)
 agriculture 농업
(17)
 allowing 하게하다/허용하다
(18)
 altering 바꾸다
(19)
 annual 연간의/연례의
(20)
 antlers없다앋아다앋아다아 application지원/응용
(21)
 appropriate 적절한
(22)
 architecture 건축(술)
(23)
 argue 논하다
(24)
 arise 발생하다
(25)
 arithmetic 산수/샘
(26)
 artefacts 인공물
(27)
 assess 평가/결정
(28)
 associated 관련시키다/연관
(29)
 assumes 가정하다
(30)
 autobiographical없다앋아다앋아다아available이용가능한
(31)
 balance 균형/안정
(32)
 base 기초/기반
(33)
 based 기초/기반
(34)
 behave 행동하다
(35)
 benefit 이익/ 이익이되다
(36)
 biased 편견/치우침
(37)
 bilateral 양쪽의/상호간의
(38)
 biological 생물학의/생물학적
(39)
 boosted 늘리다/부양
(40)
 bottom 바닥/아래
(41)
 bounded 묶인/구속된
(42)
 경계가 있는/구획된
(43)
 breath 숨쉬다/호흡하다
(44)
 broad 넓은/광
(45)
 bucket 버킷/양동이
(46)
 butterflies 나비(복수)
(47)
 calculations 계산/측정
(48)
 campaigns (선거)운동/전쟁
(49)
 capitalism없다앋아다앋아다아 carbon탄소
(50)
 casts 던지다
(51)
 casual 우연한
(52)
 catastrophes 대참사/큰 재난
(53)
 categories 카테고리
(54)
 cautious 신중한/조심스러운
(55)
 challenging 도전
(56)
 characteristic 특성/독특한
(57)
 christianity 기독교
(58)
 circuit 회로/서킷회전
(59)
 citations없다앋아다앋아다아 claims요구하다
(60)
 cleverness 영리함/빈틈없음
(61)
 cognitive 인지의
(62)
 collective 집단적인/총괄적인
(63)
 combine 결합시키다/합치다
(64)
 commercialization없다앋아다앋아다아compared비교하다
(65)
 complicated 복잡하게 하다
(66)
 conceive 마음에 품다/상상하다
(67)
 configurations 형태/윤곽
(68)
 connection 연결/관련
(69)
 consequence 결과/중요성
(70)
 consistent 변함없는
(71)
 constraints 강제/제약
(72)
 contained 들어있다/포함하다
(73)
 contributes 공헌하다
(74)
 convenient 편리한/간편한
(75)
 cooperates 협력하다
(76)
 corporate 기업의/회사의
(77)
 couldn없다앋아다앋아다아counteract~에 반대로 작용하다
(78)
 creation 창조/제작
(79)
 creek 시내/크리크족
(80)
 crisis 위기
(81)
 crucial 결정적인/중대한
(82)
 cultivates 경작하다
(83)
 current 유행의/현재의
(84)
 damage 손상/피해
(85)
 defend 방어하다/지키다
(86)
 defined 정의하다/말한다
(87)
 deforestation없다앋아다앋아다아degree정도/학위
(88)
 demand 요구/수요
(89)
 deny 부인하다
(90)
 depiction 묘사/서술
(91)
 desirable 바람직한
(92)
 despair 절망
(93)
 destructive 파괴적인
(94)
 differently 다르게/다양하게
(95)
 direct 직접의/감독하다
(96)
 disappeared 사라지다/없어지다
(97)
 discarded 버리다
(98)
 discovery 발견
(99)
 dismissed 버리다/해임
(100)
 distinct 뚜렷한/독특한
(101)
 diversity 다양성/상이
(102)
 doubt 의심하다
(103)
 dramatically 극적으로
(104)
 economically 경제적으로
(105)
 effective 효율적인
(106)
 effort 노력
(107)
 element 요소 원소
(108)
 elevation 고도/높이
(109)
 emerged 나오다/나타나다
(110)
 emissions 방출
(111)
 emotion 감정/정서
(112)
 employed 정규직/고용하다
(113)
 enabling 가능하게 하다
(114)
 encompass 둘러싸다
(115)
 enlarged 확대하다
(116)
 enormous 거대한/막대한
(117)
 enterprises 기업/사업
(118)
 entitlements없다앋아다앋아다아 entry진출/들어감
(119)
 environment 환경
(120)
 equivalent 동등한
(121)
 especially 특히/더욱
(122)
 essence 본질/정수
(123)
 establish 설립하다
(124)
 ethical 윤리의/도덕의
(125)
 evaluated 평가하다
(126)
 eventually 결국
(127)
 evolve 발전시키다/고안하다
(128)
 exact 정확한
(129)
 exaggerated 과장하다
(130)
 exceed 넘다/능가하다
(131)
 exhausted 다 써 버리다
(132)
 existed 존재하다
(133)
 expand 확대하다
(134)
 experiment 실험
(135)
 explicit 노골적인/명백한
(136)
 external 외부의
(137)
 extraction 뽑아냄/발췌
(138)
 factor 요소
(139)
 favor 부탁/선호하다
(140)
 feminism없다앋아다앋아다아 fiction소설/허구
(141)
 fidelity없다앋아다앋아다아 financial금융의/경제의
(142)
 flashbulb flatlands없다앋아다앋아다아follow뒤따르다
(143)
 forward 앞으로/발전한
(144)
 fossil 화석/시대에 뒤진 사람
(145)
 foundation 기초
(146)
 functional없다앋아다앋아다아fundamental근본적인
(147)
 gaps 간격/차이
(148)
 generations 세대/시대
(149)
 gentler없다앋아다앋아다아 gigantic거대한
(150)
 gladly 즐거이/기꺼이
(151)
 glance 흘끗 보다/곁눈질
(152)
 glide 날다/미끄러지다
(153)
 grants 수여하다
(154)
 grove 작은 숲
(155)
 guaranteed 보장하다
(156)
 handwritten 손으로 쓴
(157)
 harmful 해로운/유해한
(158)
 hauled 끌다/운반하다
(159)
 heritage 유산
(160)
 highly 매우/높이
(161)
 hollows 공허한/우묵해지다
(162)
 huge 큰
(163)
 hurt 다치다/해치다
(164)
 hypothesis 가설
(165)
 ideal 이상적인/이념적인
(166)
 ignorance 무지
(167)
 illegal 불법적인/법으로 금지된
(168)
 imagination 상상(력)
(169)
 imitating 모방하다/흉내내다
(170)
 immediate 즉각적인/즉시
(171)
 implies 함축/내포하다
(172)
 impressionist 인상파 화가
(173)
 inadequate 부족한/부적절한
(174)
 included 포함하다
(175)
 inconceivable 상상도 할 수 없는
(176)
 incredible 믿을 수 없는
(177)
 individual 개인의
(178)
 industrial 산업의/공업의
(179)
 inevitably 불가피하게/필연적으로
(180)
 infinity 무한대/무한
(181)
 influence 영향을 미치다
(182)
 informs 알리다
(183)
 initially 처음으로
(184)
 innovation 혁신/획기적인
(185)
 inputs 입력
(186)
 inspiration 영감/고취
(187)
 interpretations 해석/통역
(188)
 introduction 도입/소개
(189)
 investigated 조사하다
(190)
 inward 내부의/내면
(191)
 isolated 격리시키다 고립시키다
(192)
 issues 논쟁
(193)
 journalist 기자/언론인
(194)
 joyfully 기뻐서/기쁜 듯이
(195)
 justification 정당화/변명
(196)
 knowledge 지식/아는 것
(197)
 laboratories 실험실
(198)
 lack 부족하다
(199)
 latter 후자의/하반기의
(200)
 lays 낳다/눕다
(201)
 leisure 여가/레저
(202)
 lies 있다/거짓말-/눕다
(203)
 lifetime 평생/일생
(204)
 likely 가능성 있는/할 것 같은
(205)
 literacy 읽고 쓰는 능력
(206)
 machinery 기계/조직
(207)
 magnitude 정도/규모크기
(208)
 mainly 주로/대부분은
(209)
 majority 다수의/대부분
(210)
 managed 관리하다
(211)
 mankind 인간/인류
(212)
 mass 대규모의/거대한
(213)
 massiveness없다앋아다앋아다아material물질/물질적인
(214)
 measured 측정-/조치
(215)
 mercilessly metro없다앋아다앋아다아minorities소수자
(216)
 mitigation없다앋아다앋아다아mixture혼합(물)
(217)
 mobilize monk없다앋아다앋아다아monumental기념비적인/엄청난
(218)
 moral 도덕의/의욕
(219)
 mostly 대부분/주로
(220)
 movement 운동/움직임
(221)
 murder 살인/살해
(222)
 mythologies 신화
(223)
 narrative 이야기/설명적인
(224)
 native 원주민의/토착의
(225)
 natural 자연의/당연한
(226)
 notice 알아차리다/주목하다
(227)
 numerals 숫자 수의
(228)
 observed 관찰하다
(229)
 obviously 분명히/명백히
(230)
 occurred 발생하다
(231)
 operate 운영하다
(232)
 ordinary 보통의
(233)
 organised 조직하다
(234)
 originally 원래/본래
(235)
 orphaned 고아
(236)
 output 생산(량)신출(물)
(237)
 outspoken 거리낌없는/솔직한
(238)
 overlap ~위에겹치다/중복
(239)
 panels 위원단/패널
(240)
 paradox 역설/모순역설
(241)
 parietal없다앋아다앋아다아participate참가하다
(242)
 pastimes 오락 기분전환
(243)
 patch 패치/헝겊 조각을 대다
(244)
 payoff없다앋아다앋아다아 perception지각/인식
(245)
 perform 공연하다
(246)
 persistently없다앋아다앋아다아phenomena현상(복수)
(247)
 physical 물리적인/육체의
(248)
 pile 쌓다/더미
(249)
 pinnacle 높은 산봉우리/작은 뾰족탑정상
(250)
 pioneers 개척하다
(251)
 plain 명백한/평야
(252)
 policy 정책 방침
(253)
 pollen 꽃가루
(254)
 population 인구/사람들
(255)
 position 위치/입장
(256)
 possess 보유하다
(257)
 potential 잠재적인/가능성 있는
(258)
 practical 실용적인/실제적인
(259)
 predict 예언하다
(260)
 preference 선호
(261)
 presence 존재/영향력
(262)
 press 누르다/출판물
(263)
 prevent 막다/방지하다
(264)
 prey 먹이/사냥
(265)
 primarily 주로/우선
(266)
 principles 원리 주의
(267)
 prior 앞의/이전의
(268)
 procedures 수속/진행
(269)
 production 생산/제작
(270)
 profit 이익
(271)
 progress 발전/진전
(272)
 promoted 촉진하다
(273)
 propagated 선전하다
(274)
 prosper 번영하다
(275)
 protect 보호하다
(276)
 proves 증명하다
(277)
 psychologist 심리학자
(278)
 purchased 구매하다/구입하다
(279)
 purely 순수하게/순전히
(280)
 quality 질
(281)
 quantities 양의
(282)
 rapid 급속한/빠른
(283)
 rate 속도/비율
(284)
 rational 합리적인 이상적인
(285)
 reactivity없다앋아다앋아다아 readily쉽게/기꺼이
(286)
 realism 현실주의/사실주의
(287)
 recall 상기하다
(288)
 recipe 요리법/레시피
(289)
 recognize 인식하다
(290)
 recycle 재활용하다
(291)
 refining 정제하다
(292)
 reflect 반사하다
(293)
 reform 개혁/개선
(294)
 regard 관련되다/간주하다
(295)
 region 지방,지역
(296)
 regular 정규의/정기의
(297)
 reinvented없다앋아다앋아다아 related관계시키다
(298)
 reliance 신뢰
(299)
 removal 제거/철거
(300)
 rendering -이 되게하다 주다
(301)
 renewable 재생가능한
(302)
 repetitive replicable없다앋아다앋아다아 represent나타내다/묘사하다
(303)
 reproduction 번식/복제
(304)
 required 필요로하다
(305)
 resource 자원/부
(306)
 respond 대응하다
(307)
 reveal 나타내다 누설하다
(308)
 sample 샘플/표본
(309)
 scale 계급/저울
(310)
 scarps schemata없다앋아다앋아다아scope범위/시야
(311)
 scroll 스크롤/두루마리
(312)
 sculpture 조각
(313)
 selective 선택의
(314)
 separated 개별적인/분리하다
(315)
 setting 세우다/환경
(316)
 shaded 그늘/차양
(317)
 sharply 급격하게/날카롭게
(318)
 shore 해안/강화하다
(319)
 sighed 한숨(쉬다)
(320)
 simultaneously 동시에
(321)
 situation 상황/사태
(322)
 slope 경사/스키장
(323)
 social 사회의/소셜
(324)
 solar 태양의/태양 에너지
(325)
 sophistication없다앋아다앋아다아spatial공간의
(326)
 spear 창
(327)
 species 종/종류


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D3 | Since 2005 위스마트, 임희재 | WAYNE.TISTORY.COM | +821033383436 | 181112 15:31:09



D3 | Since 2005 위스마트, 임희재 | WAYNE.TISTORY.COM | +821033383436 | 제작일 181112 15:31:09


 🗿 Thanks, Cloze 


Henry Kent는 평범한 소년 같아 보였지만, 평범함과는 거리가 멀었다.
1. 🥕Henry Kent looked like an o
rdinary
 boy, but he was far from o
rdinary
.

그는 매우 똑똑해서 사람들은 그를 'Genius Kent'라고 불렀다.
2. He was 
접속
 [s
o
 s
mart
 t
hat
] people 
 [calling / called]
2
 him Genius Kent.

Genius Kent의 아버지는 Spring-field의 경찰서장인 Kent 서장이었다.
3. Genius Kent's father was C
hief
 Kent, the police c
hief
 of Springfield.

Genius는 Kent 서장의 비밀 탐정으로 그를 도왔다.
4. Genius helped C
hief
 Kent as his s
ecret
 d
etective
.

어느 날 저녁, Genius의 가족은 몇 시간 전에 지역 금은방에서 일어났던 도난 사건에 관해 이야기하고 있었다.
5. One evening, Genius's family was talking about the r
obbery
 that 
시제선택!
 [have h
appened
/ had h
appened
]
2
 at the l
ocal
 gold store a few hours 
특이
 
before
.

바로 그때, Genius의 친구인 Otto Johnson이 Kent 씨네 집으로 뛰어 들어왔다.
6. Just then, Genius's friend, Otto Johnson, ran into the Kents' house.

그는 나뭇잎처럼 떨고 있었다.
7. He was s
haking
 like a leaf.

"Otto, 무슨 일이니⍰" Kent서장이 물었다.
8. Otto, what's wrong⍰ asked C
hief
 Kent.

"해변에서 Jennifer Mack을 보았어요" Otto가 말했다.
9. I saw Jennifer Mack at the beach said Otto.

"그녀는 긴 웨딩드레스를 입고 있었어요.
10. She was wearing a long wedding dress.

드레스가 그 여자 뒤에서 질질 끌리고 있었고요!"
11. It was d
ragging
 behind her!

Kent 서장의 입이 떡 벌어졌다.
12. C
hief
 Kent's mouth f
ell
 open.

모든 사람들이 Jennifer 유령의 이야기에 대해 알고 있었다.
13. Everybody knew about the story of Jennifer's ghost.

Jennifer Mack은 200여 년 전에 살았다.
14. Jennifer Mack lived over two hundred years ago.

그녀의 남자친구는 결혼식 전날 밤 해변에서 사라졌다.
15. Her boyfriend 
시제선택!
 [have d
isappeared
 / had d
isappeared
]
2
 from the beach the night before their wedding.

그 후, 그녀는 웨딩드레스를 입은 채 매일 해변을 따라 걸어 다녔다.
16. 
접속선택!
 [After / After that]
2
, she walked along the beach in a wedding dress every day.

"그 밖에 또 그녀를 본 사람은 없었니⍰" Kent 서장이 물었다.
17. Did anyone else see her⍰ asked C
hief
 Kent.

"글쎄요, 제가 유령을 보기 전에 자루를 메고 다리를 절뚝거리는 남자를 보았어요.
18. Well, before I saw the ghost, I saw a l
imping
 man with a bag.

그 사람도 틀림없이 유령을 봤을 거예요" Otto가 말했다.
19. He 
조해피
 [m
ust
 h
ave
 see
n
] the ghost, too said Otto.

"절뚝거리는 남자라고⍰" Kent 서장이 말했다.
20. A l
imping
 man⍰ said C
hief
 Kent.

"어떤 여자가 도난이 일어난 시간에 절뚝거리는 남자가 금은방에서 나가는 것을 봤다고 했는데.
21. A woman said she 
시제선택!
 [have s
een
 / had s
een
]
2
 a l
imping
 man leave the gold store at the time of the r
obbery
.

"Genius가 말했다, "그러면 다리를 절뚝거리는 그 남자를 찾아봐요.
22. Genius said, Then let's look for the l
imping
 man.

분명히 모래 위에서 특이한 발자국을 발견할 수 있을 거예요."
23. I'm sure we'll find unusual f
ootprints
 on the sand.

"해변으로 가자" Kent 서장이 말했다.
24. Let's go to the beach, said C
hief
 Kent.

그들은 해변에 도착했다.
25. 🥕They arrived at the beach.

"저는 이 바위 옆에 앉아 있었어요.
26. I was sitting by this rock.

바람이 몹시 불었어요.
27. It was very w
indy
.

먼저, 저는 절뚝거리는 남자를 보았어요" Otto가 말했다.
28. First, I saw the l
imping
 man, said Otto.

"그런 후에 그 유령이 지나가는 것을 보았어요."
29. Then later, I saw the ghost walk 
특이
 
by
.

그들은 발자국을 찾아보았지만, 아무 발자국도 없었다.
30. They looked for f
ootprints
, but there 
문법선택!
 [is / was / were]
3
 none.

갑자기 Kent 서장이 멈춰 섰다.
31. S
uddenly
, C
hief
 Kent stopped.

"여기를 봐라" 그가 말했다.
32. Look here, he said.

그들은 모래에서 폭이 넓은 선을 보았다.
33. They saw a wide line in the sand.

"어째서 넓은 선만 있고 발자국은 없는 거죠⍰" Otto가 물었다.
34. How come there is only a wide line and no f
ootprints
⍰ asked Otto.

"이 선은 해변의 반대쪽으로 가서 David Slade의 집까지 이어져 있어.
35. The line goes to the other side of the beach, and it leads to David Slade's house.

그 사람과 그의 부인은 결혼한 직후 거기로 이사했어" Kent 서장이 말했다.
36. He and his wife moved there right after they g
ot
 m
arried
, said C
hief
 Kent.

"그러고 David는 다리를 절뚝거리지."
37. And David l
imps
.

"David가 도둑인가요⍰" Otto가 물었다.
38. Is David the r
obber
⍰ asked Otto.

"확실치는 않아.
39. I'm not sure.

발자국이 없잖니" Kent 서장이 말했다.
40. There 
문법선택!
 [is / was / are]
3
 no f
ootprints
, said C
hief
 Kent.

"Jennifer Mack의 유령은 어떻게 된 거죠⍰" Otto가 물었다.
41. What about the ghost of Jennifer Mack⍰ asked Otto.

"전 정말로 유령을 봤다니까요!"
42. I really saw a ghost!

"그래 넌 유령을 봤어.
43. Yes, you did.

그리고 난 무슨 일이 있었는지 알겠어," Genius가 말했다.
44. And I know what h
appened
, said Genius.

Genius의 해답 도둑은 David Slade이고, 유령은 그의 아내이다.
45. Genius's Answer The r
obber
 is David Slade, and the ghost is his wife.

단서는 그날 저녁에 바람이 많이 불었음에도 불구하고 그 유령의 드레스가 그녀의 뒤로 질질 끌렸다는 점이다.
46. The c
lue
 is that the ghost's dress was d
ragging
 behind her although it was very w
indy
 that evening.

일어난 일은 다음과 같다.
47. Here's what h
appened
.

David Slade의 아내는 Jennifer Mack의 유령처럼 보이기 위해 자신의 웨딩드레스를 입었다.
48. David Slade's wife wore her wedding dress to look like Jennifer Mack's ghost.

그녀는 해변을 따라 걷기 전에, 드레스 뒤에 무거운 판자를 매달았다.
49. Before she walked along the beach, she 
시제선택!
 [have tied / had tied]
2
 a heavy board to the back of the dress.

그 판자는 그녀 자신의 발자국과 David의 발자국 또한 감쪽같이 지워 버렸다.
50. The board s
moothed
 over her own f
ootprints
 and David's f
ootprints
 as well.

그래서 모래에는 넓은 선만 있고 발자국이 없었던 것이다.
51. That's why there was a wide line but no f
ootprints
 in the sand.

조선 시대의 전문직 종사자들 조선 시대에는 네 개의 사회 계급이 있었다: 바로 양반, 중인, 상인, 그리고 천민이다.
52. 🥕There 
문법선택!
 [is / was / were]
3
 four s
ocial
 classes in the Joseon D
ynasty
: Yangban, Jungin, Sangmin, and Cheonmin.

사람들은 사회 계급에 따라 서로 다른 일을 했다.
53. D
epending
 on their s
ocial
 class, people did different kinds of work.

중인 계급에 속한 사람들 중 다수는 역관, 율관, 의관과 같은 전문직 종사자들이었다.
54. Many of the people who b
elonged
 to the Jungin class were p
rofessionals
 such as i
nterpreters
, lawyers, and doctors.

그러한 전문직 종사자가 되기 위해 중인 계급의 사람들은 국가시험을 통과하여 정부 관리가 되어야 했다.
55. In o
rder
 to become such p
rofessionals
, people in the Jungin class had to pass national exams and become g
overnment
 o
fficials
.

역관 중인 계급에게 가장 인기 있는 직업 중 하나는 역관이 되는 것이었다.
56. I
nterpreters
 One of the most p
opular
 jobs for the Jungin class was being an i
nterpreter
.

역관들은 고위 정부 관리들의 외국인들과 의사소통하는 것을 돕기 위해 그들과 함께 자주 외국에 갔다.
57. I
nterpreters
 often went to f
oreign
 c
ountries
 with high - r
anking
 g
overnment
 o
fficials
 to help them c
ommunicate
 with f
oreigners
.

역관들 중 일부는 외국 사람들과 무역을 하여 돈을 벌기도 했다.
58. Some of the i
nterpreters
 
삽입주의!
 [also] made money by trading with people from other c
ountries
.

역관이 되고 싶은 사람들은 국립 통역 학교에 들어갔다.
59. People who wanted to become i
nterpreters
 went 
5v보
 [a / to a]
2
 national i
nterpretation
 school.

학교에서 학생들은 배우고 있는 언어로만 말해야 했다.
60. At school, students had to speak only the l
anguage
 that they were learning.

다양한 언어들을 가르쳤지만, 중국어가 가장 중요한 외국어였다.
61. Many different l
anguages
 
수동
 [w
ere
 t
au
ght
], but Chinese was the most i
mportant
 f
oreign
 l
anguage
.

중국어 수업 시간에 학생들은 한국 최초의 외국어 교재인 '노걸대' 로 공부했다.
62. In Chinese class, students studied with Nogeoldae, the first f
oreign
 l
anguage
textbook in Korea.

중인 계급에게 인기 있는 또 다른 직업은 율관이 되는 것이었다.
63. 🥕
선택!
 [Another / Other]
1
 p
opular
 job for the Jungin class was being a lawyer.

나라 전역에서 재판이 많았고, 그래서 율관들이 많이 필요했다.
64. There 
문법선택!
 [is / was / were]
3
 a lot of t
rials
 across the country, so many lawyers were needed.

조선 시대에는 지방 정부 관리들이 판관으로 일했다.
65. In the Joseon D
ynasty
, l
ocal
 g
overnment
 o
fficials
 
삽입주의!
 [also] s
erved
as j
udges
.

그러나 그들은 법을 잘 알지 못했는데, 법을 연구하는 것은 중인계급의 일이었기 때문이다.
66. 
연결
 [However / As a result]
1
, they were not f
amiliar
 with the l
aw
 because studying l
aw
was the job of the Jungin class.

율관들은 법을 해석하고 형벌을 정함으로써 판관들이 재판 중에 올바른 판결을 내리도록 도왔다.
67. Lawyers helped j
udges
 make the right d
ecisions
 
접전선택!
 [while / during]
2
 t
rials
 by i
nterpreting
 the l
aw
 and d
etermining
 the p
enalties
.

의관 중인 계급은 의원들도 많이 배출하였다.
68. Doctors The Jungin class 
삽입주의!
 [also] p
roduced
 many doctors.

의원이 되는 데에는 많은 훈련이 필요했다.
69. It t
ook
 a lot of training to become a doctor.

사람들은 숙련된 의원들에게 배웠는데, 이 의원들은 주로 그들의 아버지였다.
70. People learned from s
killed
 doctors, who were often their fathers.

그러고 나서 그들은 국가시험을 봤다.
71. Then they t
ook
 a national exam.

일단 시험에 합격하면 그들은 국립 의료 기관에서 일하면서 더 많은 훈련을 받았다.
72. Once they passed the exam, they worked in a national hospital and r
eceived
 more training.

가장 뛰어난 의원은 어의가 되었다.
73. The most s
killed
 doctor became the king's doctor.

어의는 고위 관리가 될 수 있었다.
74. The king's doctor could become a high - r
anking
 o
fficial
.

그러나 왕의 질환을 고치지 못했을 때 어의는 처벌을 받았다.
75. 
연결
 [However / As a result]
1
, the king's doctor 
수동
 [w
as
 p
un
ished
] when he could not c
ure
 the i
llnesses
 of the king.

 😳 어지러워, 순서를 부탁해 


M3DK8-1


⚽ 🥕Henry Kent looked like an ordinary boy, but he was far from ordinary.

(
   1
   ) He was so smart that people called him Genius Kent.
(
   3
   ) Genius helped Chief Kent as his secret detective.
(
   2
   ) Genius Kent's father was Chief Kent, the police chief of Springfield.
✄---------------------------------------------
(
   3
   ) He was shaking like a leaf.
(
   2
   ) Just then, Genius's friend, Otto Johnson, ran into the Kents' house.
(
   1
   ) One evening, Genius's family was talking about the robbery that had happened at the local gold store a few hours before.
✄---------------------------------------------
(
   1
   ) "Otto, what's wrong⍰" asked Chief Kent.
(
   2
   ) "I saw Jennifer Mack at the beach" said Otto.
(
   3
   ) "She was wearing a long wedding dress.
✄---------------------------------------------
(
   2
   ) Chief Kent's mouth fell open.
(
   1
   ) It was dragging behind her!"
✄---------------------------------------------


M3DK8-2


⚽ Everybody knew about the story of Jennifer's ghost.

(
   3
   ) After that, she walked along the beach in a wedding dress every day.
(
   2
   ) Her boyfriend had disappeared from the beach the night before their wedding.
(
   1
   ) Jennifer Mack lived over two hundred years ago.
✄---------------------------------------------
(
   3
   ) He must have seen the ghost, too" said Otto.
(
   1
   ) "Did anyone else see her⍰" asked Chief Kent.
(
   2
   ) "Well, before I saw the ghost, I saw a limping man with a bag.
✄---------------------------------------------
(
   1
   ) "A limping man⍰" said Chief Kent.
(
   2
   ) "A woman said she had seen a limping man leave the gold store at the time of the robbery.
(
   3
   ) "Genius said, "Then let's look for the limping man.
✄---------------------------------------------
(
   1
   ) I'm sure we'll find unusual footprints on the sand."
(
   2
   ) "Let's go to the beach," said Chief Kent.
✄---------------------------------------------


M3DK8-3


⚽ 🥕They arrived at the beach.

(
   1
   ) "I was sitting by this rock.
(
   3
   ) First, I saw the limping man," said Otto.
(
   2
   ) It was very windy.
✄---------------------------------------------
(
   1
   ) "Then later, I saw the ghost walk by."
(
   2
   ) They looked for footprints, but there were none.
(
   3
   ) Suddenly, Chief Kent stopped.
✄---------------------------------------------
(
   1
   ) "Look here," he said.
(
   2
   ) They saw a wide line in the sand.
(
   3
   ) "How come there is only a wide line and no footprints⍰" asked Otto.
✄---------------------------------------------
(
   1
   ) "The line goes to the other side of the beach, and it leads to David Slade's house.
(
   3
   ) "And David limps."
(
   2
   ) He and his wife moved there right after they got married," said Chief Kent.
✄---------------------------------------------
(
   3
   ) There are no footprints," said Chief Kent.
(
   1
   ) "Is David the robber⍰" asked Otto.
(
   2
   ) "I'm not sure.
✄---------------------------------------------


M3DK8-4


⚽ "What about the ghost of Jennifer Mack⍰" asked Otto.

(
   1
   ) "I really saw a ghost!"
(
   3
   ) And I know what happened," said Genius.
(
   2
   ) "Yes, you did.
✄---------------------------------------------
(
   2
   ) The clue is that the ghost's dress was dragging behind her although it was very windy that evening.
(
   3
   ) Here's what happened.
(
   1
   ) Genius's Answer The robber is David Slade, and the ghost is his wife.
✄---------------------------------------------
(
   1
   ) David Slade's wife wore her wedding dress to look like Jennifer Mack's ghost.
(
   2
   ) Before she walked along the beach, she had tied a heavy board to the back of the dress.
(
   3
   ) The board smoothed over her own footprints and David's footprints as well.
✄---------------------------------------------
(
   1
   ) That's why there was a wide line but no footprints in the sand.
✄---------------------------------------------


M3DK9-1


⚽ 🥕There were four social classes in the Joseon Dynasty: Yangban, Jungin, Sangmin, and Cheonmin.

(
   2
   ) Many of the people who belonged to the Jungin class were professionals such as interpreters, lawyers, and doctors.
(
   1
   ) Depending on their social class, people did different kinds of work.
(
   3
   ) In order to become such professionals, people in the Jungin class had to pass national exams and become government officials.
✄---------------------------------------------
(
   3
   ) Some of the interpreters also made money by trading with people from other countries.
(
   1
   ) Interpreters One of the most popular jobs for the Jungin class was being an interpreter.
(
   2
   ) Interpreters often went to foreign countries with high-ranking government officials to help them communicate with foreigners.
✄---------------------------------------------
(
   1
   ) People who wanted to become interpreters went to a national interpretation school.
(
   2
   ) At school, students had to speak only the language that they were learning.
(
   3
   ) Many different languages were taught, but Chinese was the most important foreign language.
✄---------------------------------------------
(
   1
   ) In Chinese class, students studied with Nogeoldae, the first foreign language textbook in Korea.
✄---------------------------------------------


M3DK9-2


⚽ 🥕Another popular job for the Jungin class was being a lawyer.

(
   3
   ) However, they were not familiar with the law because studying law was the job of the Jungin class.
(
   2
   ) In the Joseon Dynasty, local government officials also served as judges.
(
   1
   ) There were a lot of trials across the country, so many lawyers were needed.
✄---------------------------------------------
(
   3
   ) It took a lot of training to become a doctor.
(
   1
   ) Lawyers helped judges make the right decisions during trials by interpreting the law and determining the penalties.
(
   2
   ) Doctors The Jungin class also produced many doctors.
✄---------------------------------------------
(
   1
   ) People learned from skilled doctors, who were often their fathers.
(
   2
   ) Then they took a national exam.
(
   3
   ) Once they passed the exam, they worked in a national hospital and received more training.
✄---------------------------------------------
(
   3
   ) However, the king's doctor was punished when he could not cure the illnesses of the king.
(
   1
   ) The most skilled doctor became the king's doctor.
(
   2
   ) The king's doctor could become a high-ranking official.
✄---------------------------------------------


 😵 가출문장, 돌려보내줘 




M3DK8-2


Her boyfriend had disappeared from the beach the night before their wedding.


Everybody knew about the story of Jennifer's ghost. ① Jennifer Mack lived over two hundred years ago. ② After that, she walked along the beach in a wedding dress every day. ③ "Did anyone else see her⍰" asked Chief Kent. ④ "Well, before I saw the ghost, I saw a limping man with a bag. ⑤ He must have seen the ghost, too" said Otto. "A limping man⍰" said Chief Kent. "A woman said she had seen a limping man leave the gold store at the time of the robbery. "Genius said, "Then let's look for the limping man. I'm sure we'll find unusual footprints on the sand." "Let's go to the beach," said Chief Kent.



M3DK8-3


They looked for footprints, but there were none.


🥕They arrived at the beach. ① "I was sitting by this rock. ② It was very windy. ③ First, I saw the limping man," said Otto. ④ "Then later, I saw the ghost walk by." ⑤ Suddenly, Chief Kent stopped. "Look here," he said. They saw a wide line in the sand. "How come there is only a wide line and no footprints⍰" asked Otto. "The line goes to the other side of the beach, and it leads to David Slade's house. He and his wife moved there right after they got married," said Chief Kent. "And David limps." "Is David the robber⍰" asked Otto. "I'm not sure. There are no footprints," said Chief Kent.



M3DK8-4


And I know what happened," said Genius.


"What about the ghost of Jennifer Mack⍰" asked Otto. ① "I really saw a ghost!" ② "Yes, you did. ③ Genius's Answer The robber is David Slade, and the ghost is his wife. ④ The clue is that the ghost's dress was dragging behind her although it was very windy that evening. ⑤ Here's what happened. David Slade's wife wore her wedding dress to look like Jennifer Mack's ghost. Before she walked along the beach, she had tied a heavy board to the back of the dress. The board smoothed over her own footprints and David's footprints as well. That's why there was a wide line but no footprints in the sand.



M3DK9-1


Depending on their social class, people did different kinds of work.


🥕There were four social classes in the Joseon Dynasty: Yangban, Jungin, Sangmin, and Cheonmin. ① Many of the people who belonged to the Jungin class were professionals such as interpreters, lawyers, and doctors. ② In order to become such professionals, people in the Jungin class had to pass national exams and become government officials. ③ Interpreters One of the most popular jobs for the Jungin class was being an interpreter. ④ Interpreters often went to foreign countries with high-ranking government officials to help them communicate with foreigners. ⑤ Some of the interpreters also made money by trading with people from other countries. People who wanted to become interpreters went to a national interpretation school. At school, students had to speak only the language that they were learning. Many different languages were taught, but Chinese was the most important foreign language. In Chinese class, students studied with Nogeoldae, the first foreign language textbook in Korea.

M3DK9-1


Many of the people who belonged to the Jungin class were professionals such as interpreters, lawyers, and doctors.


🥕There were four social classes in the Joseon Dynasty: Yangban, Jungin, Sangmin, and Cheonmin. ① Depending on their social class, people did different kinds of work. ② In order to become such professionals, people in the Jungin class had to pass national exams and become government officials. ③ Interpreters One of the most popular jobs for the Jungin class was being an interpreter. ④ Interpreters often went to foreign countries with high-ranking government officials to help them communicate with foreigners. ⑤ Some of the interpreters also made money by trading with people from other countries. People who wanted to become interpreters went to a national interpretation school. At school, students had to speak only the language that they were learning. Many different languages were taught, but Chinese was the most important foreign language. In Chinese class, students studied with Nogeoldae, the first foreign language textbook in Korea.

M3DK9-1


In order to become such professionals, people in the Jungin class had to pass national exams and become government officials.


🥕There were four social classes in the Joseon Dynasty: Yangban, Jungin, Sangmin, and Cheonmin. ① Depending on their social class, people did different kinds of work. ② Many of the people who belonged to the Jungin class were professionals such as interpreters, lawyers, and doctors. ③ Interpreters One of the most popular jobs for the Jungin class was being an interpreter. ④ Interpreters often went to foreign countries with high-ranking government officials to help them communicate with foreigners. ⑤ Some of the interpreters also made money by trading with people from other countries. People who wanted to become interpreters went to a national interpretation school. At school, students had to speak only the language that they were learning. Many different languages were taught, but Chinese was the most important foreign language. In Chinese class, students studied with Nogeoldae, the first foreign language textbook in Korea.

M3DK9-1


Some of the interpreters also made money by trading with people from other countries.


🥕There were four social classes in the Joseon Dynasty: Yangban, Jungin, Sangmin, and Cheonmin. Depending on their social class, people did different kinds of work. ① Many of the people who belonged to the Jungin class were professionals such as interpreters, lawyers, and doctors. ② In order to become such professionals, people in the Jungin class had to pass national exams and become government officials. ③ Interpreters One of the most popular jobs for the Jungin class was being an interpreter. ④ Interpreters often went to foreign countries with high-ranking government officials to help them communicate with foreigners. ⑤ People who wanted to become interpreters went to a national interpretation school. At school, students had to speak only the language that they were learning. Many different languages were taught, but Chinese was the most important foreign language. In Chinese class, students studied with Nogeoldae, the first foreign language textbook in Korea.



M3DK9-2


In the Joseon Dynasty, local government officials also served as judges.


🥕Another popular job for the Jungin class was being a lawyer. ① There were a lot of trials across the country, so many lawyers were needed. ② However, they were not familiar with the law because studying law was the job of the Jungin class. ③ Lawyers helped judges make the right decisions during trials by interpreting the law and determining the penalties. ④ Doctors The Jungin class also produced many doctors. ⑤ It took a lot of training to become a doctor. People learned from skilled doctors, who were often their fathers. Then they took a national exam. Once they passed the exam, they worked in a national hospital and received more training. The most skilled doctor became the king's doctor. The king's doctor could become a high-ranking official. However, the king's doctor was punished when he could not cure the illnesses of the king.

M3DK9-2


However, they were not familiar with the law because studying law was the job of the Jungin class.


🥕Another popular job for the Jungin class was being a lawyer. ① There were a lot of trials across the country, so many lawyers were needed. ② In the Joseon Dynasty, local government officials also served as judges. ③ Lawyers helped judges make the right decisions during trials by interpreting the law and determining the penalties. ④ Doctors The Jungin class also produced many doctors. ⑤ It took a lot of training to become a doctor. People learned from skilled doctors, who were often their fathers. Then they took a national exam. Once they passed the exam, they worked in a national hospital and received more training. The most skilled doctor became the king's doctor. The king's doctor could become a high-ranking official. However, the king's doctor was punished when he could not cure the illnesses of the king.

M3DK9-2


Doctors The Jungin class also produced many doctors.


🥕Another popular job for the Jungin class was being a lawyer. ① There were a lot of trials across the country, so many lawyers were needed. ② In the Joseon Dynasty, local government officials also served as judges. ③ However, they were not familiar with the law because studying law was the job of the Jungin class. ④ Lawyers helped judges make the right decisions during trials by interpreting the law and determining the penalties. ⑤ It took a lot of training to become a doctor. People learned from skilled doctors, who were often their fathers. Then they took a national exam. Once they passed the exam, they worked in a national hospital and received more training. The most skilled doctor became the king's doctor. The king's doctor could become a high-ranking official. However, the king's doctor was punished when he could not cure the illnesses of the king.



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GU1 | Since 2005 위스마트, 임희재 | WAYNE.TISTORY.COM | +821033383436 | 제작일 181023 13:50:18



 😽 문장을 읽어보자 



1. Sports and Technology Go Hand in Hand Every athlete tries to run faster, jump higher, or become stronger.
스포츠와 기술이 손을 잡다 운동선수라면 누구나 더 빨리 달리고, 더 높이 뛰며, 더 강해지기 위해 노력한다.

2. Since the late twentieth century, athletes have been actively taking advantage of the progress in science and technology to achieve their goals.
20세기 후반부터 운동선수들은 이러한 목표를 달성하기 위해 과학과 기술의 진보를 적극적으로 활용해 왔다.

3. Now technology is taking sports to another level.
이제 기술은 스포츠를 한 단계 높이고 있다.

4. Technology affects how players are trained, how rules are enforced, how audiences enjoy the games, and how the public exercises.
기술은 선수들이 훈련하는 방식, 경기 규칙을 준수하는 방식, 관중이 경기를 즐기는 방식, 그리고 대중이 운동하는 방식에 영향을 미치고 있다.

5. At the start of the 2014-2015 National Basketball Association (NBA) season, the Golden State Warriors were not viewed as an elite team.
2014-2015 미국 프로 농구(NBA) 시즌이 시작되었을 때 골든 스테이트 워리어스는 강팀으로 평가되지 않았다.

6. They won their last championship 40 years ago.
그들이 마지막으로 우승을 차지한 것은 40년 전이었다.

7. Then something happened―they began to win, game after game.
그런데 무슨 일이 있었는지 그들은 경기마다 이기기 시작했다.

8. Their defense improved, their offense improved, and, most of all, fewer players suffered from injuries.
수비가 개선되었고 공격이 개선되었고, 무엇보다 부상을 입는 선수가 줄었다.

9. Everybody wondered: What had happened to them?
모두가 궁금해 했다: 그들에게 무슨 일이 일어난 것일까?

10. It was a new training suit that changed the team.
그 팀을 바꾼 것은 바로 새로운 운동복이었다.

11. It was not just an ordinary suit, of course.
물론 보통 운동복은 아니었다.

12. The new suit was a smart suit that was connected to a mobile app.
새 운동복은 휴대폰 앱과 연동된 스마트 운동복이었다.

13. The suit comes in three parts: the top, the pants, and a plastic core.
이 운동복은 상의, 바지, 플라스틱 코어 등의 세 부분으로 이루어져 있다.

14. The top and the pants have several sets of sensors for each of the major muscle groups.
상의와 바지에는 각각의 주요 근육군을 담당하는 여러 개의 센서가 부착되어 있다.

15. Inside the top and the pants, there is a pocket that holds the core.
상의와 바지 안쪽에는 플라스틱 코어를 넣는 주머니가 달려 있다.

16. The core reads all the data from the sensors and sends it to a smartphone app.
이 코어는 센서로부터 모든 데이터를 읽어 들여 스마트폰에 설치된 앱으로 전송한다.

17. The app lets coaches see in real time which muscle groups are being used during practice.
이 앱을 통해 코치는 연습 중 어떤 근육군이 사용되고 있는지 실시간으로 파악할 수 있게 해 준다.

18. After practice, the athlete can also review his performance.
연습이 끝나면 운동선수는 자신의 운동 성과를 검토할 수 있다.

19. The use of smart clothes greatly helped the Warriors' coaches improve their training program.
스마트 운동복을 사용함으로써 워리어스의 코치들은 훈련 프로그램을 크게 개선할 수 있었다.

20. "I like especially that I can see the players' exhaustion before injury occurs," one of the coaches said.
"특히 마음에 드는 것은 부상이 발생하기 전에 선수들의 피로도를 알 수 있다는 점입니다,"코치 중 한 명이 이렇게 말했다.

21. The Warriors continued to win during the 2014-2015 season and went on to win the NBA championship.
워리어스는 2014-2015 시즌 내내 승리를 거두었고 마침내 NBA 챔피언 자리에 올랐다.

22. Technology is also helping to settle possible disputes over referees' calls during games.
기술은 또한 경기 중에 일어날 수도 있는 심판의 판정에 대한 논란을 해결하는 데 도움을 주고 있다.

23. This trend was promoted when FIFA, the world's largest soccer association, decided to adopt goal-line technology for the 2014 World Cup.
이런 추세는 세계에서 가장 큰 축구 협회인 국제축구연맹(FIFA)이 2014년 월드컵에 골라인 판독 기술을 사용하기로 결정했을 때 촉진되었다.

24. Traditionally, FIFA allowed the referees absolute power on the administration of the game.
전통적으로 국제축구연맹은 경기 운영에 관해 심판에게 절대적인 권한을 부여했다.

25. Any errors by the referees were viewed as part of the game.
심판의 실수는 경기의 일부로 간주되었다.

26. When a referee's call was disputed, both players and audiences often brought complaints about this policy.
심판의 판정이 논란의 대상이 되면 선수들과 관중들은 종종 이 정책에 대해 불만을 토로했다.

27. When the disputed call was about a goal, the complaints sometimes became violent.
논란이 되는 판정이 골에 관한 것이면 이 불만은 때로는 과격해지기도 했다.

28. It was goal-line technology that settled any disputes over goals.
골에 관한 모든 분쟁을 종결시킨 것은 바로 골라인 판독 기술이었다.

29. A system using this technology employs as many as 14 cameras that capture a ball from various angles, showing exactly where the ball is at a certain time.
이 기술을 사용한 시스템은 14개나 되는 카메라를 사용하여 공을 여러 각도에서 찍어서 특정 시점의 공의 위치를 정확히 보여준다.

30. The moment a ball passes the goal line, signals are sent to a watch worn by the referee.
공이 골라인을 통과하는 순간 심판이 착용한 시계에 신호가 간다.

31. The adoption of goal-line technology forever ruled out the possibility of disputes over goals.
골라인 판독 기술의 채택은 골에 관한 분쟁의 가능성을 영원히 배제하였다.

32. In addition to the improvement of players' training and referees' calls, technology is helping sports fans enjoy games at another level.
선수들의 훈련과 심판의 판정을 개선한 것 이외에도 기술은 스포츠 팬들이 경기를 즐기는 수준을 한 단계 높이는 데 도움 을 주고 있다.

33. Virtual reality is one of the most promising technologies in this area.
이 분야에서는 가상 현실 기술이 가장 유망한 기술 중 하나이다.

34. In the fall of 2015, a group of soccer fans in Portugal had a chance to watch a virtual reality game between their favorite teams.
2015년 가을 포르투갈에서는 한 무리의 축구 팬들이 자신이 가장 좋아하는 팀의 경기를 가상 현실로 볼 수 있는 기회를 가졌다.

35. They sat in a movie theater, but felt as if they were part of the game, thanks to the virtual reality gear they wore.
그들은 극장에 앉아 있지만 착용하고 있던 가상 현실 장치 덕분에 경기의 일부가 된 듯한 느낌을 받았다.

36. Several 360-degree cameras installed on the field sent videos from various angles to a broadcasting station.
경기장에 설치된 여러 대의 360도 촬영 카메라가 다양한 각도에서 찍은 영상을 방송국에 보냈다.

37. The station created virtual reality screens out of the videos and then sent them to the gear the fans were wearing.
방송국은 그 영상으로 가상 현실 화면을 만들어 팬들이 착용한 장치로 보냈다.

38. The fans were even able to change perspectives, choosing to be either part of the audience, part of a team, or be on the field itself.
팬들은 관점을 바꾸어 관중의 일부가 될 수도 있고, 팀의 일원이 될 수도 있고, 경기장 안에 들어설 수도 있었다.

39. It was as if they were actually in the game.
마치 자신들이 경기에 참여하고 있는 듯한 느낌을 받은 것이다.

40. After the successful test of the virtual reality broadcast of the soccer game, the NBA decided to allow fans to watch live games using virtual reality on their smartphones.
축구 경기에서 가상 현실 방송이 성공하자 NBA는 팬들이 스마트폰에서 가상 현실을 이용하여 실황 경기를 볼 수 있게 하기로 결정했다.

41. Other major sports are expected to follow this trend.
다른 주류 스포츠도 이 흐름에 동참할 것으로 예상된다.

42. As for a new way of working out, using virtual reality technology, an Italian company has recently released an innovative product.
가상 현실 기술을 이용한 새로운 운동 방식이라면, 이탈리아의 한 회사가 최근 내놓은 혁신적인 제품을 들 수 있다.

43. It is an indoor bike combined with virtual reality.
가상 현실과 실내 자전거를 결합한 제품이다.

44. The rider mounts the bike, puts on the virtual reality gear, and starts riding.
타는 사람이 자전거에 올라 가상 현실 장치를 착용하고 페달을 밟기 시작한다.

45. The rider then feels as if he is actually riding on a road of his choice, whether a street in a major city, or a calm mountain path, and all without leaving home.
그러면 타는 사람은 대도시의 거리이건, 조용한 산길이건, 집을 떠나지 않고도 자신이 선택한 길에서 실제로 타는 것처럼 느 끼게 된다.

46. As technology develops, sports will become both more enjoyable and more exciting in many ways.
기술이 발전할수록 스포츠는 여러 면에서 더욱 즐겁고 흥미진진해질 것이다.

47. That will give people more choices about how they play or enjoy sports.
그렇게 되면 사람들은 경기를 하거나 스포츠를 즐기는 방식에 있어 더 많은 선택의 여지를 갖게 될 것이다.

48. For the past three years, Ethan has been schooling us all in the game of life.
지난 3년간, Ethan은 삶이라는 경기에서 우리 모두를 가르쳐왔다.

49. He always reminds us that everyone is important to a team's success, though their role on the team may be small.
그는 팀에서의 역할이 작을지라도 모두가 팀의 성공을 위해 중요하다는 것을 항상 일깨워준다.

50. Instead of putting all his efforts into trying to be the team's best player, he has done everything he can to make the team better. 😎
팀의 최고 선수가 되기 위해 모든 노력을 쏟아붓는 대신에, Ethan은 팀을 더 좋게 만들기 위해 할 수 있는 모든 것을 해왔다.

51. As Ethan has shown us, lifting up those around us is also of great worth.
Ethan이 우리에게 보여준 것처럼, 우리 주변 사람들의 기운을 북돋워 주는 것 역시 큰 가치가 있는 것이다.

52. When we help others shine, their light will shine on us in return.
우리가 다른 사람이 빛나도록 도와주었을 때, 그 빛은 그에 대한 보답으로 우리를 비출 것이 다.

53. Yes, sometimes there is something better than being the best.
그렇다, 때로 최고가 되는 것보다 더 나은 것이 있다.

54. Turn on Your Empathy Firefighter Casey Lessard was busy rescuing people at a crash scene when he saw an injured child.
당신의 공감 능력을 켜라 소방관인 Casey Lessard(케이시 레사드)는 교통사고 현장에서 바삐 사람들을 구조하다가 부상당한 어린이 한 명을 보았다.

55. The 4-year-old boy was waiting for the next ambulance.
네 살짜리 남자아이가 다음에 올 앰뷸런스를 기다리고 있었다.

56. Other members of his family, in worse condition, had already been taken to the hospital.
아이의 다른 가족들은 상태가 더 좋지 않아 이미 병원으로 옮겨진 후였다.

57. The boy was not so badly injured but was crying more out of fear and confusion than from any pain he was suffering.
남자아이의 부상은 심하지 않았지만 통증보다는 두려움과 혼란스러움 때문에 울고 있었다.

58. Lessard imagined how scary it would be to be the child, left alone without knowing what was happening.
Lessard는 자기가 무슨 일이 일어났는지도 모른 채 혼자 남겨진 아이라면 얼마나 무서울까 상상했다.

59. He took a moment to think about what he could do to comfort the distressed child.
그는 극도의 불안에 괴로워하는 아이를 달래 주기 위해 자기가 뭘 할 수 있을지 잠시 생각에 잠겼다.

60. Then he took out his smartphone and played for the boy a cheerful animation called "Happy Feet."
그리고 스마트폰을 꺼내 아이에게 '해피 피트'라는 유쾌한 애니메이션을 틀어 주었다.

61. The dancing penguins on the small screen calmed the boy down.
작은 화면에서 춤추는 펭귄들 이 아이의 마음을 진정시켰다.

62. The moment was captured in a photograph and spread fast on the Internet, warming many hearts all over the world.
그 순간이 사진에 포착되어 급속도로 인터넷에서 퍼져나갔고, 전 세계 수많은 사람들의 마음을 따뜻하게 해 주었다.

63. Later, when the news media carried the story that the child's family was struggling to pay their medical bills, donations came in from everywhere.
나중에, 언론에 그 아이의 가족이 치료비를 내지 못해 고충을 겪고 있다는 기사가 나갔을 때, 사방에서 기부금이 들어왔다.

64. The firefighter's kindness worked a small miracle.
소방관의 친절이 작은 기적을 이룬 것이다.

65. What Lessard demonstrated is called empathy−the ability to understand other people's thoughts and feelings and to act on the basis of that understanding.
Lessard가 보여 준 것은 공감 능력이라고 한다 - 다른 사람들의 생각과 감정을 이해하고 그 이해에 근거해 실천하는 능력이다.

66. Like Lessard, highly empathic people imagine themselves into the experiences of other people to find out how to best help them.
Lessard처럼 공감 능력이 뛰어난 사람들은 다른 사람의 경험 속에 자기를 대입해 상상하고 어떻게 하면 그들을 가장 잘 도울 수 있을지 알아낸다.

67. Empathy is not a talent that only special people have.
공감 능력은 특별한 사람들만 가진 재능이 아니다.

68. Whoever has a healthy mind is capable of reading other people's minds.
건강한 마음을 가진 사람이라면 누구나 다른 사람들의 마음을 읽을 수 있다.

69. It's only a matter of degree.
정도의 차이일 뿐이다.

70. Modern neuroscience tells us that we are all born with empathy and exercise it all the time.
현대 신경 과학은 우리 모두가 공감 능력을 갖고 태어났으며 언제나 발휘하고 있다고 말해 준다.

71. In 1990, a team of neuroscientists led by Dr. Giacomo Rizzolatti made a historic discovery while monitoring a monkey's brain.
1990년, Giacomo Rizzolatti(지아코모 리졸라티) 박사가 이끄는 신경 과학자 팀이 원숭이의 뇌를 추적 감시하다가 역사적인 발견을 했다.

72. What they discovered was "mirror neurons" in our brain that run a simulation of other people's experiences.
그들이 발견한 것은 우리 뇌 속에서 다른 사람의 경험을 가상으로 재현하는 '미러 뉴런(거울 신경 세포)' 이었다.

73. When we observe other people, mirror neurons imitate their facial expressions and physical responses in our minds to create a virtual experience.
우리가 다른 사람들을 관찰할 때, 미러 뉴런은 그들의 얼굴 표정과 신체적 반응을 우리 마음속에서 모방해 가상 현실을 만들어 낸다.

74. This lets us go through their experiences as if the experiences were ours.
이는 우리로 하여금 그들의 경험이 마치 우리의 경험인 것처럼 겪게 해 준다.

75. The discovery of mirror neurons proved that empathy is a natural human sense, like sight or hearing.
미러 뉴런의 발견은 공감 능력이 시각이나 청각처럼 타고난 인간의 감각이라는 사실을 입증했다.

76. Just as we are constantly looking around without focusing on any specific object, we empathize without being conscious of doing so.
우리가 구체적 대상에 초점을 맞추지 않고도 계속 주위를 둘러보고 있는 것처럼, 의식하지 않고도 우리는 공감한다.

77. When we learn that our friends are nervous before an audition, we may imagine their anxiety and try to cheer them up.
친구들이 오디션을 앞두고 불안해 하는 걸 알게 되면 우리는 그들의 불안감을 상상하고 기분을 좋게 해주려 노력할 수도 있다.

78. When we see someone begging on the street, instead of simply walking by, we may consider what it is like to sleep out on a cold winter night and leave some money for them.
길거리에서 구걸하는 사람을 보면, 그냥 스쳐지나가는 대신, 추운 겨울밤 밖에서 잠을 자는 건 어떤 것일까 생각해 보고 약간의 돈을 남기고 갈 수도 있다.

79. We may want to do whatever we can to help the person.
그 사람을 돕기 위해 할 수 있는 뭐라도 해 주고 싶은 마음이 들 수도 있다.

80. These little conscious acts of empathy help make our lives happier and our world a better place for everyone.
이런 소소하고 의식적인 공감 행위가 우리 삶을 더 행복하게 하고 우리 세상을 모두에게 더 나은 곳으로 만드는 데 도움을 준다.

81. Just as we can close our eyes to what we do not want to see, however, we can also turn off our empathy.
하지만 우리가 보고 싶지 않은 게 있으면 눈을 감듯이, 우리는 공감 능력 역시 꺼둘 수 있다.

82. When we are too stressed out or too absorbed in ourselves to look out for others, our empathy goes to sleep.
스트레스를 너무 많이 받고 있거나 우리 자신에게 지나치게 매몰되어 다른 사람들을 살필 여유가 없을 때, 우리의 공감 능력은 잠들어 버린다.

83. When we believe that life is a series of competitions that one must win in order to survive, we put empathy on hold and behave selfishly.
우리가 삶이란 경쟁의 연속이라서 생존하기 위해서는 이겨야 한다고 믿을 때, 우리는 공감 능력을 대기 모드로 돌려 놓고 이기적으로 행동한다.

84. We may do harm to others and ignore their pain.
다른 사람들에게 해를 입히고 그들의 아픔을 못 본 척할 수도 있다.

85. People with broken empathy make no connection with others, but 99 percent of ordinary people are affected by the feelings of people close to them.
고장 난 공감 능력을 지닌 사람들은 타인과 유대를 전혀 맺지 못하지만, 99퍼센트의 정상적인 사람들은 가까운 사람들의 감정에 영향을 받는다.

86. When we see our friends laughing, our mirror neurons fire up and mimic their laughter in our minds, making us happy.
친구들이 웃고 있는 모습을 보면 우리의 미러 뉴런에 불이 들어와 우리 마음속에서 친구들의 웃음 소리를 흉내내고, 우리를 행복하게 한다.

87. Also, we can never be truly happy when people around us are sad.
또한 우리는 우리 주변의 사람들이 슬퍼한다면 결코 진정으로 즐거울 수 없다.

88. Selfish behavior that hurts others cannot bring us happiness.
타인을 아프게 하는 이기적인 행동은 우리에게 행복을 가져다줄 수 없다.

89. We need to be aware of the power of empathy and make efforts to put it to good use.
우리는 공감 능력의 힘을 의식하고 잘 활용하기 위해 노력할 필요가 있다.

90. Picture the mirror neurons in your brain and try to turn them on.
여러분의 뇌에 있는 미러 뉴런들을 상상해 보고 전원을 켜려고 노력해 보라.

91. Use them to pay more attention to what people around you are thinking and feeling.
미러 뉴런들을 활용해 주변의 사람들이 생각하고 느끼는 것에 좀 더 주의를 기울여 보라.

92. The power of empathy will help you change your corner of the world for the better.
공감 능력의 힘이 당신이 살고 있는 세상의 한 모퉁이를 더 낫게 변화시킬 수 있도록 도와줄 것이다.

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 😽 문장을 읽어보자 



1. Do you have trouble locating your computer screen amid the jungle of old coffee mugs and scattered papers?
당신은 사용한 커피 잔과 흐트러진 종이의 정글 한가운데에서 컴퓨터 스크린을 찾는 데 어려움을 겪고 있는가?

2. Or is your workspace a minimalist's dream?
또는 당신의 작업 공간은 미니멀리스트의 꿈인가?

3. Whether you're neat or messy, your workspace may reveal a lot about your personality.
당신이 깔끔하든 지저분하든 당신의 작업 공간은 당신의 성격에 대해 많은 것을 말해 줄 것이다.

4. Every office worker has a particular type of desk they keep.
모든 회사원들은 그들이 고수하는 특정한 타입의 책상을 갖고 있다.

5. 

연결

 And a number of studies suggest that the state of your desk might affect how you work, from the idea that disorderly environments produce creativity — to the idea that too much mess can interfere with focus.
그리고 많은 연구가 당신의 책상의 상태가 어떻게 당신이 일하는지에 영향을 끼칠지도 모른다는 것을 시사하는데, 무질서한 환경이 창조성을 만들어 낸다는 생각에서부터 ― 너무 많은 어질러진 물건이 집중을 방해할 수 있다는 생각에 이르기까지.

6. Deliberately or not, we're constantly making statements about ourselves through our personal presentation of the desk.
의도적이든 아니든 우리는 계속해서 우리 개인의 책상의 표현을 통해 우리 자신에 대해서 진술하고 있다.

7. 

원오복

 

잉전

 

콤잉

 One of the reasons physical spaces, including our office desks, can be so revealing about us is that they're essentially the crystallization of a lot of behavior over time.
회사 책상을 포함한 물리적 공간이 우리에 대해서 많은 것을 말해줄 수 있는 이유 중의 하나는 그것들이 본질적으로 시간이 지남에 따라 많은 행동을 구체화하는 것이기 때문이다.

8. 

수동투

 Numbers were invented to describe precise amounts: three teeth, seven days, twelve goats.
숫자는 정확한 양을 기술하기 위해 발명되었다: 치아 3개, 7일, 염소 12마리.

9. 

연결

 

콤형

 

~ever

 When quantities are large, however, we do not use numbers in a precise way.
그러나, 양이 많을 때 우리는 숫자를 정확하게 사용하지 않는다.

10. We approximate using a 'round number' as a place mark.
우리는 수량 단위 표시어로 '어림수'를 사용하여 대략적으로 말한다.

11. It is easier and more convenient.
그것은 더 쉽고, 더 편리하다.

12. 

연결

 

ThereVS

 

콤접

 When we say, for example, that there were a hundred people at the market, we don't mean that there were exactly one hundred people there.
예를 들어, 우리가 시장에 100명의 사람들이 있었다고 말할 때 그곳에 정확히 100명의 사람이 있었다는 것을 의미하지 않는다.

13. 

연결

 And when we say that the universe is 13_7 billion years old, we don't mean exactly 13,700,000,000; we mean give or take a few hundred million years.
그리고 우리가 우주의 나이가 137억 년이라고 말할 때 정확히 13,700,000,000을 의미하지 않고; 몇 억을 더하거나 뺀 것을 의미한다.

14. 

콤형

 Big numbers are understood approximately, small ones precisely, and these two systems interact uneasily.
큰 숫자들은 대강 이해되고 작은 숫자들은 정확히 이해되고 이러한 두 체계는 불확실하게 상호작용한다.

15. 

시제다름

 

시제다름

 It is clear nonsense to say that next year the universe will be '13_7 billion and one' years old.
내년에 우주가 '137억 1'년이라고 말하는 것은 명백히 터무니없는 생각이다.

16. It will remain 13_7 billion years old for the rest of our lives.
우리의 남은 생애 동안 그것은 137억 년으로 남아있을 것이다.

17. The overabundance of options in today's marketplace gives you more freedom of choice.
오늘날 시장에서 선택 항목의 과잉은 당신에게 더 많은 선택의 자유를 준다.

18. 

연결

 

~ever

 However, there may be a price to pay in terms of happiness.
그러나 행복의 관점에서 치러야 할 대가가 있을지도 모른다.

19. 

분사

 According to research by psychologists David Myers and Robert Lane, all this choice often makes people depressed.
심리학자 David Myers와 Robert Lane의 연구에 따르면 모든 이러한 선택은 자주 사람들을 우울하게 만든다.

20. Researchers gave some shoppers 24 choices of jams to taste and others only 6 choices.
연구자들이 어떤 쇼핑객들에게는 24개의 잼을 맛보게 했고 다른 사람들에게는 오직 6개만 맛보게 했다.

21. Those who had fewer choices were happier with the tasting.
더 적은 선택 항목을 가진 사람들이 맛볼 때 더 행복했다.

22. 

콤접

 Even more surprisingly, the ones with a smaller selection purchased jam 31% of the time, while those with a wider range of choices only purchased jam 3% of the time.
훨씬 더 놀랍게도, 더 넓은 범위의 선택 사항을 가진 사람들 중 오직 그 당시 3%만이 잼을 구매한 반면, 더 적은 선택 사항을 가진 사람들 중에서는 그 당시 31%가 잼을 구매했다.

23. The ironic thing about this is that people nearly always say they want more choices.
아이러니한 점은 사람들이 거의 항상 더 많은 선택 항목을 원한다고 말한다는 것이다.

24. 

연결

 

더비더비

 Yet, the more options they have, the more paralyzed they become.
그러나 그들이 더 많은 선택 항목을 가질수록 그들은 더 마비된다.

25. Savvy restaurant owners provide fewer choices.
사리에 밝은 레스토랑 사장들은 더 적은 선택 항목을 제공한다.

26. 

5형식

 

분사

 

콤잉

 

피전

 This allows customers to feel more relaxed, prompting them to choose easily and leave more satisfied with their choices.
이것은 고객들이 더 편안함을 느끼게 하고, 그들이 쉽게 선택하여 그 선택에 더 만족하도록 촉진한다.

27. 

분사

 

피전

 Confident leaders are not afraid to ask the basic questions: the questions to which you may feel embarrassed about not already knowing the answers.
자신감 있는 리더들은 아직 답을 알지 못한다는 것에 대해 창피하게 느낄 수도 있는 기본적인 질문을 하는 것에 대해 두려워하지 않는다.

28. 

원급

 When you don't know something, admit it as quickly as possible and immediately take action ― ask a question.
당신이 무엇인가를 알지 못한다면, 그것을 가능한 빨리 인정하고 즉시 조치를 취하라 – 즉, 질문을 하라.

29. 

how어순

 If you have forgotten who the governor is or how many hydrogen atoms are in a molecule of water, quietly ask a friend but one way or the other, quit hiding, and take action.
만약 당신이 주지사가 누구인지 혹은 물 분자에 얼마나 많은 수소 원자가 있는지를 잊어버렸다면, 조용히 친구에게 이런 저런 방법으로 물어보고, 숨기기를 그만두고, 조치를 취하라.

30. 

콤접

 

시제다름

 Paradoxically, when you ask basic questions, you will more than likely be perceived by others to be smarter.
역설적이게도, 당신이 기본적인 질문을 할 때, 당신은 다른 사람들에 의해 더 똑똑하다고 인식될 가능성이 높다.

31. 

연결

 And more importantly, you'll end up knowing far more over your lifetime.
그리고 더 중요하게는, 당신은 결국 인생을 살아가면서 훨씬 더 많은 것을 알게 될 것이다.

32. 

대과거

 

시제다름

 This approach will cause you to be more successful than you would have been had you employed the common practice of pretending to know more than you do.
이러한 접근법은 만약 당신이 아는 것보다 더 많은 것을 아는 척하는 흔한 행동을 했다면 당신이 이룰 수 있는 성공보다, 당신을 좀 더 성공적으로 만들 것이다.

33. 

5형식

 

콤형

 To make good leaders, effective teachers encourage, invite, and even force their students to ask those fundamental questions.
훌륭한 리더를 만들어 내기 위해서 유능한 교사들은 학생들이 그러한 기본적인 질문을 하도록 격려하고 권유하고 그리고 심지어 강요한다.

34. We are extremely responsive to what we perceive people around us to be doing.
우리는 우리 주변의 사람들이 하는 행동을 인식한 것에 매우 반응적이다.

35. 

5구조?

 This unconscious function has helped us make quick and good life-saving decisions throughout history.
이러한 무의식적인 기능은 역사를 통틀어 우리가 빠르고 생명을 구할 정도의 좋은 판단을 하도록 도와준다.

36. 

how어순

 A study has shown how powerful this factor is.
한 연구는 이러한 요소가 얼마나 강력한지 보여 주고 있다.

37. One practical experiment was an experiment conducted where a hotel wished their guests to reuse the towels in their rooms.
한 실용적인 실험이 투숙객이 자신들의 방에서 수건을 재사용하도록 바라는 호텔에서 실행되었다.

38. 

피투

 They decided to put out a few signs.
그들은 몇 개의 표지판을 내걸기로 결정했다.

39. The first sign cited environmental reasons and the second sign said the hotel would donate a portion of end-of-year laundry savings.
첫 번째 표지판은 환경적인 이유에 대해서 언급했고 두 번째는 연말에 세탁비 절약한 것의 일부를 호텔이 기부한다는 내용이었다.

40. The third sign showed the majority of guests reused their towels at least once during their stay.
세 번째 표지판은 대부분의 투숙객들이 그들이 투숙하는 동안 적어도 한 번은 수건을 재사용했다는 내용이었다.

41. To their surprise, guests responded most positively to the third sign.
놀랍게도, 투숙객들은 세 번째 표지판에 가장 긍정적으로 반응하였다.

42. 

5형식

 

ThereVS

 If you want to influence people to act a certain way, there are few more powerful methods than to give the impression that others are doing the action you desire them to do.
만약 당신이 사람들이 어떤 특정한 방식으로 행동하도록 영향을 미치고 싶다면, 그 사람들이 했으면 하는 행동을 다른 사람들도 하고 있다는 인상을 주는 것보다 더 강력한 방법은 거의 없다.

43. 

전피

 Suppose that the price of frozen yogurt falls.
냉동 요거트의 가격이 떨어진다고 가정해 보자.

44. The law of demand says that you will buy more frozen yogurt.
수요의 법칙에 따르면 당신은 더 많은 냉동 요거트를 사게 될 것이다.

45. At the same time, you will probably buy less ice cream.
동시에, 당신은 아마도 아이스크림은 더 적게 살 것이다.

46. 

콤잉

 This is because ice cream and frozen yogurt are both cold and sweet desserts, satisfying similar desires.
그 이유는 아이스크림과 냉동 요거트는 둘 다 비슷한 욕구를 충족시키는 차갑고 달콤한 디저트이기 때문이다.

47. When a fall in the price of one good reduces the demand for another good, the two goods are called substitutes.
한 재화의 가격 하락이 다른 재화의 수요를 감소시킬 때, 이 두 재화는 대체재라 불린다.

48. They are often pairs of goods that are used in place of each other, like hot dogs and hamburgers.
그것들은 핫도그와 햄버거처럼 종종 서로를 대신해서 사용되는 재화의 쌍이다.

49. Now suppose that the price of chocolate topping falls.
이제 초콜릿 토핑의 가격이 하락한다고 상상해 보자.

50. According to the law of demand, you will buy more chocolate topping. 😎
수요의 법칙에 따르면, 당신은 더 많은 초콜릿 토핑을 살 것이다.

51. 

연결

 

콤접

 

시제다름

 Yet, in this case, you will likely buy more ice cream as well, since ice cream and topping are often used together.
그러나 이번 경우에는 아이스크림도 더 많이 사게 될 확률이 높은데, 왜냐하면 아이스크림과 토핑은 종종 함께 사용되기 때문이다.

52. When a fall in the price of one good raises the demand for another good, the two goods are called complements.
한 재화의 가격 하락이 다른 재화의 수요를 끌어올릴 때 이 두 재화는 보완재라 불린다.

53. 

원급

 

피전

 Food shortages caused by global warming could force as many as 1 billion people to leave their homes by 2050, according to the Earth Institute, a New York-based aid agency.
New York에 있는 구호 기관인 Earth Institute에 따르면, 지구 온난화에 의해 야기된 식량 부족은 2050년까지 10억 명이나 되는 사람들이 그들의 집을 떠나게 만들 수 있다.

54. 

콤접

 Hardest hit may be Africa, which could lose two-thirds of its cropland due to desertification, which occurs when the land loses its ability to produce vegetation and turns into deserts.
가장 심한 지역이 아프리카인데, 땅이 초목을 생산하는 능력을 잃어버리고 사막으로 변할 때 발생하는 사막화로 인하여 경작지의 3분의 2를 잃을 수 있다.

55. 

5형식

 

콤형

 Although many scientists expect climate change to result in more rainfall, some areas could experience droughts because rainfall is sporadic or falls in concentrations in some places but misses others.
비록 많은 과학자들이 기후 변화가 더 많은 비를 야기한다고 예상하지만 어떤 지역은 비가 산발적으로 내리고, 또 어떤 지역에서는 집중적으로 내리지만 다른 지역에서는 내리지 않기 때문에 가뭄을 경험할 수 있다.

56. 

연결

 

부전

 Also, desertification could occur because warmer temperatures draw moisture out of the soil.
또한 사막화는 더 높은 기온이 토양으로부터 습기를 앗아가기 때문에 발생할 수 있다.

57. 

5형식

 

수동투

 

콤잉

 

시제다름

 When regions can no longer produce food, people will be forced to move to other areas, making them "climate refugees."
지역들이 더 이상 식량을 생산해 낼 수 없을 때, 사람들은 "기후 난민"이 되어 다른 지역으로 이동해야만 할 것이다.

58. 

콤피

 

부형

 Katherine Schreiber and Leslie Sim, experts on exercise addiction, recognizedthat smartwatches and fitness trackers have probably inspired sedentary people to take up exercise, and encouraged people who aren't very active to exercise more consistently.
운동 중독에 관한 전문가인 Katherine Schreiber와 Leslie Sim은 아마도 스마트 시계와 건강 추적기가 주로 앉아서 지내는 사람들이 운동을 시작하도록 격려해 왔고 별로 활동적이지 않은 사람들이 더 지속적으로 운동을 하도록 장려해 왔음을 인정했다.

59. 

연결

 But they were convinced the devices were also quite dangerous.
하지만 그들은 그 장치들이 또한 상당히 위험하다고 확신했다.

60. 

잉전

 Schreiber explained that focusing on numbers separates people from being in tune with their body.
Schreiber는 숫자에 집중하는 것이 사람들을 자신의 몸과 조화를 이루는 것으로부터 분리한다고 설명했다.

61. 

콤접

 Exercising becomes mindless, which is 'the goal' of addiction.
운동하는 것은 아무런 생각이 없게 되는데, 그것이 중독의 '목표'이다.

62. 

잉전

 This 'goal' that she mentioned is a sort of automatic mindlessness, the outsourcing of decision making to a device.
그녀가 언급했던 이 '목표'는 일종의 무의식적 분별없음, 즉 의사 결정을 장치에 위임하는 것이다.

63. 

연결

 

피전

 

피투

 She recently sustained a stress fracture in her foot because she refused to listen to her overworked body, instead continuing to run toward an unreasonable workout target.
그녀는 혹사당한 몸에 귀 기울이는 것을 거부하고 대신에 터무니 없는 운동 목표를 향하여 계속해서 달렸기 때문에 최근 자신의 발에 피로 골절을 입었다.

64. 

피전

 Schreiber has suffered from addictive exercise tendencies, and vows not to use wearable tech when she works out.
Schreiber는 중독적인 운동 성향으로 고통을 겪어왔고, 운동할 때 웨어러블 기기를 사용하지 않기로 맹세한다.

65. Your sense of smell links you directly with your feelings, instincts and memories.
여러분의 후각은 여러분을 자신의 감정, 본능 그리고 기억과 직접 이어준다.

66. Scents have the power to stimulate states of well-being.
향기는 행복한 상태를 촉진하는 힘을 가지고 있다.

67. By utilizing aromas in your daily habits, you can enjoy the advantages of an intense state of health.
여러분의 매일 습관 속에서 향기를 활용함으로써 여러분은 건강의 강렬한 상태의 장점들을 즐길 수 있다.

68. 

분사

 Find a scent that you like and inhale its perfume at times when you're feeling calmed and at peace.
여러분이 좋아하는 한 향기를 찾아서 진정되고 평온함을 느낄 때 그 향기를 들이마셔라.

69. 

분사

 Perhaps it's the incense that you burn during meditation, a torch that you light during a calming bath, or an aromatic oil spray that you put on your cushion before bedtime.
아마 그것은 명상 중에 여러분이 태우는 향, 편안함을 주는 목욕 동안 여러분이 불을 붙이는 등, 혹은 취침시간 전에 여러분이 쿠션에 뿌리는 아로마 오일 스프레이일 것이다.

70. 

분사

 In time, your body will connect these relaxed feelings with the usage of that specific scent.
이윽고 여러분의 몸은 이러한 편안해진 감정들을 그 특정한 향기의 사용과 연결 짓게 될 것이다.

71. 

분사

 When you encounter a moment of stress, you can smell the aroma that you connect with a state of relax and that will produce a calming response throughout your whole body.
스트레스 순간을 맞닥뜨리게 되면 여러분은 편안한 상태와 연결 되는 향기를 맡을 수가 있고, 그것이 여러분의 몸 전체를 통해 진정 반응을 일으킬 것이다.

72. A lot of people find that physical movement can sometimes dispel negative feelings.
많은 사람은 신체 움직임이 때때로 부정적인 감정들을 떨쳐버릴 수 있음을 발견한다.

73. If we are feeling negative, it can be very easy for us to stop wanting to stay active in our everyday life.
만약 우리가 부정적으로 느끼고 있다면, 우리가 일상생활에서 활동적인 상태이고 싶어 하는 것을 멈추기가 매우 쉬울 수 있다.

74. 

연결

 

전등접

 

잉전

 This is why many people who suffer from depression are also found sleeping in and having no motivation to go outside or exercise.
이것이 또한 우울증을 겪는 많은 사람이 계속 잠을 자고, 외출을 하거나 운동을 하려는 동기가 없는 것으로 발견되는 이유이다.

75. Unfortunately, this lack of exercise can actually compound many negative emotions.
불행히도, 이러한 운동의 부족이 실제로 많은 부정적인 감정을 악화시킬 수 있다.

76. Exercise and movement is a great way for us to start getting rid of negative energies.
운동과 움직임은 우리가 부정적인 에너지를 제거하기 시작하는 훌륭한 방법이다.

77. 

접접

 Many people find that when they are angry, they go into a state where they want to exercise or clean.
많은 사람은 자신들이 화날 때 그들이 운동을 하거나 청소를 하고 싶은 상태가 된다는 점을 깨닫는다.

78. This is actually a very healthy and positive thing for you to do and a great way for you to begin to deconstruct your negative emotions so that they no longer affect your life and harm your relationships.
이것은 사실상 여러분이 하는 매우 건강하고 긍정적인 일이며, 그것(부정적인 감정)들이 더 이상 여러분의 삶에 영향을 미치지 않고 관계를 해치지 않도록 여러분이 자신의 부정적인 감정들을 해체하기 시작하는 훌륭한 방법이다.

79. A father took his son to the circus.
아버지는 자신의 아들을 서커스에 데려갔다.

80. Before the show started, he took his son to see the animals in their respective cages ― all except for the elephant that was tied with a rope.
쇼가 시작되기 전, 그(father)는 자신의 아들을 데리고 밧줄에 묶여 있는 코끼리를 제외하고 모두 각자의 우리에 있는 동물들을 보러 갔다.

81. 

피투

 Holding his father's hand, the little boy turned to him and said, "Dad, this elephant is so big and strong.
자신의 아버지의 손을 잡으면서 작은 소년은 그(father)를 돌아보고 말했다, "아빠, 이 코끼리가 매우 크고 힘이 세잖아요.

82. He can kick the rope and run away.
그는 밧줄을 걷어차고 도망갈 수 있어요.

83. Why doesn't he?
왜 그렇게 안 하나요?"

84. 

how어순

 

NoMatter

 

피투

 "No matter how hard he tried to think of an intelligent answer, the father didn't have a good one to give his son.
그(father)가 아무리 열심히 현명한 대답을 생각해 내려고 노력했음에도, 아버지에게는 아들에게 해 줄 좋은 대답이 없었다.

85. 

연결

 

5형식

 

피투

 So, he suggested to his son that he go ask the question to the elephant trainer.
그래서 그(father)는 자신의 아들에게 코끼리 조련사에게 가서 질문하라고 제안했다.

86. 

잉전

 When the boy saw the trainer passing by, he asked why the beast didn't try to escape.
소년이 조련사가 지나가는 것을 보았을 때, 그(son)는 왜 이 동물이 탈출하려고 애쓰지 않는지를 물었다.

87. The trainer said, "When this elephant was a baby, we tied the same rope to his foot and the tree.
조련사는 말했다, "이 코끼리가 아기였을 때, 우리는 같은 밧줄을 그의 발과 나무에 묶었단다.

88. The elephant couldn't break free, and over time, he simply accepted the rope as a way of life."
코끼리는 탈출할 수 없었고, 시간이 지나면서 그는 단순히 밧줄을 삶의 방식으로 받아들였지."

89. 

idiom

 

피투

 Power distance is the term used to [refer to] how widely an unequal distribution of power is accepted by the members of a culture.
'권력 거리'는 권력의 불평등한 분배가 한 문화의 구성원들에 의해 얼마나 널리 수용되는지를 나타내는 데 사용되는 용어이다.

90. It relates to the degree to which the less powerful members of a society accept their inequality in power and consider it the norm.
그것은 권력이 더 적은 사회 구성원들이 그들의 권력에서의 불평등을 수용하고 그것을 규범으로 여기는 정도와 관계가 있다.

91. In cultures with high acceptance of power distance (e.g., India, Brazil, Greece, Mexico, and the Philippines), people are not viewed as equals, and everyone has a clearly defined or allocated place in the social hierarchy.
권력 거리에 대한 높은 수용의 문화들(예를 들어, 인도, 브라질, 그리스, 멕시코 그리고 필리핀)에서, 사람들은 평등한 것으로 여겨지지 않으며, 모든 사람이 사회 계층 내에서 명확하게 정해지거나 할당된 위치를 가진다.

92. 

콤형

 In cultures with low acceptance of power distance (e.g., Finland, Norway, NewZealand, and Israel), people believe inequality should be minimal, and a hierarchical division is viewed as one of convenience only.
권력 거리에 대한 낮은 수용의 문화들(예를 들어, 핀란드, 노르웨이, 뉴질랜드 그리고 이스라엘)에서는, 사람들은 불평등이 최소여야만 한다고 믿으며, 계층적 구분은 오직 편의상 구분으로서만 여겨진다.

93. 

ThereVS

 

피전

 In these cultures, there is more fluidity within the social hierarchy, and it is relatively easy for individuals to move up the social hierarchy based on their individual efforts and achievements.
이러한 문화에서는 사회 계층 내에서의 더 많은 유동성이 있으며, 개인이 그들의 개인적 노력과 성취를 토대로 사회 계층을 상승시키는 것이 상대적으로 쉽다.

94. Are you a 'rushaholic'?
여러분은 '서두름에 중독된 사람'인가?

95. 

콤접

 Do you happen to live in a fast-paced city, where you feel in a constant hurry?
혹시 여러분은 자신들이 끊임없는 서두름 속에 있다고 느끼는 빠른 속도의 도시에 살고 있는가?

96. 

전전

 A recent poll of over 1,000 Americans found that nearly half felt they lacked enough time in daily life.
1,000명이 넘는 미국인을 대상으로 한 최근 여론 조사는 거의 절반이 일상생활에서 충분한 시간이 부족하다고 느꼈다는 것을 밝혀냈다.

97. 

잉전

 'Time famine' ― the feeling of having too much to do and not enough time to do it ― is the cause of unnecessary stress and reduced performance.
할 것은 너무 많고 그것을 할 시간은 충분하지 않다는 느낌인 '시간 기근'은 불필요한 스트레스와 줄어든 성과의 원인이다.

98. We all tend to rush when we have so many things to do, and that negatively affects our performance.
우리 모두는 우리에게 해야 할 일이 매우 많을 때 서두르는 경향이 있고, 그리고 그것이 우리의 성과에 부정적으로 영향을 미친다.

99. 

접접

 

부전

 Doing things quickly actually ends up slowing you down, such as when you rush out of your house only to realize you forgot your keys, phone, or wallet on the kitchen table.
급히 일을 하는 것은 여러분이 집에서 급하게 나와 결국 열쇠나 전화기 혹은 지갑을 부엌 식탁 위에 잊고 온 것을 알게 될 때와 같이 실제로는 결국 여러분을 늦어지게 한다.

100. 

첫명사

 Driving faster will not get you to your destination any sooner. 😍
더 빨리 운전하는 것은 여러분을 자신의 목적지에 조금이라도 더 일찍 데려다주지는 않을 것이다.

101. 

시제다름

 Assuming that by doing things faster you will get more done is a trap.
일을 더 빠르게 함으로써 여러분이 더 많이 하게 될 것이라고 가정하는 것은 함정이다.

102. Veblen goods are named after Thorstein Veblen, a US economist who formulated the theory of "conspicuous consumption".
베블런재(Veblen goods)는 '과시적 소비' 이론을 만들어낸 미국의 경제학자인 Thorstein Veblen의 이름을 따서 지어졌다.

103. 

5구조?

 They are strange because demand for them increases as their price rises.
그것들(베블런재)은 그 가격이 상승함에 따라 그것들에 대한 수요가 증가하기 때문에 이상하다.

104. According to Veblen, these goods must signal high status.
Veblen에 따르면 이러한 물건(베블런재)들은 높은 지위를 나타내야 한다.

105. A willingness to pay higher prices is due to a desire to advertise wealth rather than to acquire better quality.
기꺼이 더 높은 가격을 지불하고자 함은 더 나은 품질을 얻기보다는 부유함을 드러내고자 하는 욕망에 기인한다.

106. 

연결

 A true Veblen good, therefore, should not be noticeably higher quality than the lower-priced equivalents.
그러므로 진정한 베블런재는 더 저렴한 가격의 동등한 물건보다 눈에 띄게 더 높은 품질이지는 않을 것이다.

107. 

시제다름

 If the price falls so much that it is no longer high enough to exclude the less well off, the rich will stop buying it.
만약 그 가격이 너무 많이 하락하여 덜 부유한 사람들을 배제할 정도로 가격이 더 이상 높지 않다면, 부자들은 그것을 사는 것을 중단할 것이다.

108. 

ThereVS

 There is much evidence of this behavior in the markets for luxury cars, champagne, watches, and certain clothing labels.
고급 차, 샴페인, 시계 그리고 특정 의류 브랜드 시장에는 이러한 행동에 대한 많은 증거가 있다.

109. A reduction in prices might see a temporary increase in sales for the seller, but then sales will begin to fall.
가격 하락은 판매자들에게는 일시적인 판매량의 상승을 보일 수 있으나, 그 이후에는 판매량이 하락하기 시작할 것이다.

110. Identity theft can take many forms in the digital world.
신원 도용은 디지털 세계에서 많은 유형을 띨 수 있다.

111. 

잉전

 

전피

 That's because many of the traditional clues about identity ― someone's physical appearance and presence ― are replaced by machine-based checking of "credentials".
그것은 어떤 사람의 신체적 모습과 존재와 같은 신원에 대한 많은 전통적인 단서들이 기계에 기반을 둔 '신용 증명물'을 확인하는 것으로 대체되기 때문이다.

112. 

전등접

 Someone is able to acquire your credentials ― sign-on names, passwords, cards, tokens ― and in so doing is able to convince an electronic system that they are you.
어떤 사람이 로그인 이름, 비밀번호, 카드, 징표와 같은 신용 증명물을 습득할 수 있고 그렇게 해서 전자 시스템에 그들이 여러분이라고 확신시킬 수 있다.

113. 

전피

 This is an ingredient in large numbers of cyber-related fraud, and cyber-related fraud is by far the most common form of crime that hits individuals.
이것이 상당수의 사이버 관련 사기의 요소이며, 사이버 관련 사기는 개인들을 공격하는 단연코 가장 흔한 범죄 형태이다.

114. 

연결

 For example, identity thieves can buy goods and services which you will never see but will pay for, intercept payments, and, more drastically, empty your bank account.
예를 들어, 신원 도용자들은 여러분이 결코 보지 않게 되겠지만 지불하게 될 재화와 용역을 구입할 수 있고, 지불금을 가로챌 수 있고, 더 심하게는 여러분의 은행 계좌를 텅 비울 수 있다.

115. 

원급

 

콤형

 

피전

 Although the victims of identity theft are usually thought of as individuals, small and large businesses are often caught out as well.
비록 신원 도용의 희생자들이 보통 개인이라고 여겨지지만, 크고 작은 사업체들도 또한 종종 곤경에 빠진다.

116. A researcher in adult education at the University of Toronto, Allen Tough wrote a paper called "The Iceberg of Informal Adult Learning."
Toronto 대학에서 성인 교육 연구자인 Allen Tough가 '비형식적 성인 학습의 빙산'이라는 논문을 썼다.

117. Tough formulated a reverse 20/80 rule for adult learning.
Tough는 성인 학습에 대해 정반대의 20/80 규칙을 만들어 냈다.

118. 

콤피

 Twenty percent of an adult learner's efforts were formal, organized by an institution.
성인 학습자들의 노력의 20퍼센트는 기관에 의해 조직된 형식적인 것이었다.

119. 

콤피

 Eighty percent was informal, organized by the learner.
80퍼센트는 학습자에 의해 조직된 비형식적인 것이었다.

120. 

콤접

 He used the metaphor of an iceberg to describe the large portion of learning, informal learning, that remains invisible.
그는 눈에 보이지 않은 채로 남아 있는 학습의 커다란 부분인 비형식적 학습을 설명하기 위해 빙산의 비유를 사용했다.

121. Tough researched the reasons why people chose to learn on their own rather than attend a class.
Tough는 사람들이 수업을 듣는 것보다 스스로 학습하는 것을 선택한 이유를 연구했다.

122. "People seem to want to be in control," he wrote.
"사람들은 주도권을 잡고 싶어 하는 것처럼 보인다"라고 그는 썼다.

123. "They want to set their own pace and use their own style of learning; they want to keep it flexible.
"그들은 자신만의 속도를 정하고 자신만의 학습 스타일을 사용하고 싶어 한다, 즉 그들은 그것을 융통성 있게 유지하고 싶어 한다.

124. 

연결

 "People also seem to consider informal learning experiential and social.
"사람들은 또한 비형식적 학습을 경험적이고 사회적인 것으로 간주하는 것처럼 보인다.

125. Lifelong learning organized around one's interests might be seen as a new form of recreation.
한 사람의 관심사에 맞춰 조직된 평생의 학습은 오락 활동의 새로운 형태로 보일지도 모른다.

126. The online world is an artificial universe ― entirely human-made and designed.
온라인 세상은 완전히 사람에 의해 만들어지고 설계된 인공의 세계이다.

127. The design of the underlying system shapes how we appear and what we see of other people.
그 근본적인 시스템의 디자인이 우리가 어떻게 보이고 우리가 다른 사람들에게서 무엇을 보는지를 형성한다.

128. It determines the structure of conversations and who has access to what information.
그것은 대화의 구조와 누가 어떤 정보에 접근할 수 있는지를 결정한다.

129. Architects of physical cities determine the paths people will take and the sights they will see.
물리적인 도시의 건축가들은 사람들이 가게 될 길과 그들이 보게 될 광경을 결정한다.

130. They affect people's mood by creating cathedrals that inspire awe and schools that encourage playfulness.
그들은 경외감을 불러일으키는 대성당들과 명랑함을 북돋는 학교들을 지음으로써 사람들의 기분에 영향을 미친다.

131. 

연결

 

콤형

 

~ever

 Architects, however, do not control how the residents of those buildings present themselves or see each other ― but the designers of virtual spaces do, and they have far greater influence on the social experience of their users.
그러나, 건축가들이 그러한 건물들의 거주자들이 어떻게 자신들을 나타내는지 또는 서로를 어떻게 바라보는지를 통제하지는 않지만, 가상공간의 설계자들은 그렇게 하며, 그들은 사용자들의 사회적 경험에 훨씬 더 큰 영향을 준다.

132. 

연결

 They determine whether we see each other's faces or instead know each other only by name.
그들은 우리가 서로의 얼굴을 볼지 아니면 대신 이름만으로 서로를 알지를 결정한다.

133. 

연결

 

콤접

 They can reveal the size and makeup of an audience, or provide the impression that one is writing intimately to only a few, even if millions are in fact reading.
그들은 구독자의 크기와 구성을 드러낼 수 있거나, 실제로는 수백 만 명이 읽고 있을지라도 한 사람이 오직 소수에게만 친밀하게 글을 쓰고 있다는 인상을 줄 수 있다.

134. 

잉전

 

콤접

 In 1996, as construction workers cleared a site in downtown Athens for the foundations of a new Museum of Modern Art, they found traces of a large structure sitting on the bedrock.
1996년 건설 노동자들이 새로운 현대 미술관의 토대를 위해 아테네 시내에 한 장소를 치웠을 때, 그들은 그 암반 위에 있는 커다란 구조물의 흔적들을 발견했다.

135. 

대과거

 

콤접

 A building had occupied this same spot some two-and-a-half thousand years earlier, when it was part of a wooded sanctuary outside the original city walls, on the banks of the River Ilissos.
약 2,500년 전에 한 건물이 이와 같은 장소를 차지했었고, 그때 그것은 Ilissos 강둑에 위치한 본래의 도시 성벽들 밖에 있는 숲이 우거진 신전의 일부였다.

136. 

콤잉

 The excavation uncovered the remains of a gymnasium, a wrestling arena, changing rooms and baths.
발굴 작업은 체육관, 레슬링 경기장, 탈의실 그리고 욕조의 유적을 찾아냈다.

137. 

대과거

 

콤접

 

피투

 This had been a place for athletics and exercise, where the young men of Athens had trained to become soldiers and citizens.
그곳은 운동 경기와 운동을 위한 장소였고, 그곳에서 아테네의 젊은이들이 군인과 시민이 되기 위해 훈련했었다.

138. 

연결

 But it was more than just a centre for physical improvement.
하지만 그곳은 단순히 신체의 향상을 위한 중심지 이상이었다.

139. 

대과거

 

피투

 The archaeologists soon realised that they had found one of the most significant sites in all of western European intellectual culture, a site referred to continually by history's greatest philosophers: the Lyceum of Aristotle.
고고학자들은 자신들이 모든 서부 유럽의 지식 문화에서 가장 중요한 장소 중 한 곳, 즉 역사상 가장 위대한 철학자들에 의해 계속 언급되는 장소인 아리스토텔레스의 Lyceum(아리스토텔레스가 철학을 가르치던 학교)을 발견했음을 곧 깨달았다.

140. It was the world's first university.
그것은 바로 세계의 첫 번째 대학이었다.

141. 

콤접

 

먼햅

 The liberalization of capital markets, where funds for investment can be borrowed, has been an important contributor to the pace of globalization.
투자를 위한 자금을 빌릴 수 있는 자본 시장의 자유화는 세계화 속도에 중요한 기여 요인이었다.

142. Since the 1970s there has been a trend towards a freer flow of capital across borders.
1970년대 이후로 국경을 넘나드는 더 자유로운 자본 흐름을 향한 추세가 있었다.

143. Current economic theory suggests that this should aid development.
현재의 경제 이론은 이것이 발전에 도움이 될 것임을 시사한다.

144. 

5형식

 

전접

 Developing countries have limited domestic savings with which to invest in growth, and liberalization allows them to tap into a global pool of funds.
개발 도상국은 성장에 투자하기에 제한된 국내 저축을 가지고 있고, 자유화는 그들이 국제 공동 자금을 이용하도록 허용한다.

145. 

연결

 

5형식

 A global capital market also allows investors greater scope to manage and spread their risks.
국제 자본 시장은 또한 투자자들에게 자신들의 위험을 관리하고 분산시킬 수 있는 더 큰 범위를 허용한다.

146. 

연결

 

콤형

 

~ever

 However, some say that a freer flow of capital has raised the risk of financial instability.
하지만 어떤 사람들은 더 자유로운 자본의 흐름이 재정적 불안정성의 위험을 증가시켰다고 말한다.

147. The East Asian crisis of the late 1990s came in the wake of this kind of liberalization.
1990년대 후반의 동아시아 위기는 이러한 종류의 자유화의 결과로 발생했다.

148. Without a strong financial system and a sound regulatory environment, capital market globalization can sow the seeds of instability in economies rather than growth.
강한 재정 시스템과 건전한 규제 환경이 없다면, 자본 시장 세계화는 성장보다는 경제에 불안정성의 씨를 뿌릴 수 있다.

149. I am writing this email concerning one of your products.
귀사의 상품 중 하나에 관하여 이 이메일을 씁니다.

150. The image on your product "Indian Green" soup is not of an Indian dance but a Korean one. 😎
귀사의 상품인 'Indian Green' 수프에 부착된 이미지는 인도의 춤이 아니라 한국의 것입니다.

151. The image shows Buchaechum, a traditional Korean fan dance.
그 이미지는 전통적인 한국 부채 무용인 부채춤을 보여줍니다.

152. It is clear that in the image the dancers are wearing traditional Korean dress.
그 이미지에서 무용수들은 전통적인 한국 의상을 입고 있는 것이 분명합니다.

153. I searched online for images of an Indian fan dance, and of course, it looks very different from a Korean one.
저는 온라인으로 인도 부채춤의 이미지들을 검색했고, 물론 그것은 한국의 것과는 매우 다르게 보입니다.

154. I know your company is putting a lot of effort into presenting authentic flavors, but I'm afraid that this one small mistake could damage your company's reputation.
저는 귀사가 진짜 맛을 보여 주는 데 많은 노력을 하고 있다는 것을 알고 있지만, 이 하나의 작은 실수가 귀사에 대한 평판에 손상을 입힐까 염려가 됩니다.

155. 

원급

 I sincerely hope that you correct this as soon as possible.
저는 귀사가 이것을 가능한 한 빨리 바로잡기를 진심으로 바랍니다.

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[[동사]]  [명사]  (형용사)  {부사=분사구문}

1. In paradise, everyone receives the comforts of life without ['having'] to work at all.

2. By ['mining'] and ['selling'] the phosphate, the people of Nauru grew incredibly wealthy.

3. After 100 years of ['mining'] their island's once-rich natural resource was exhausted.

4. Nauru's story should act as a ['warning'] to the rest of the modern world.

5. ('Living') organisms, particularly marine animals, can be harmed either by mechanical effects, such as entanglement in plastic objects or problems related to ingestion of plastic waste, or through exposure to chemicals within plastics that interfere with their physiology.

6. In the UK alone, more than 5 million tons of plastic are consumed each year, of which only an estimated one-quarter is recycled, with the remainder '{going}' to landfills.

7. In some areas there have been significant efforts to reduce the prominence of plastic pollution through '[reducing]' plastic consumption and '[promoting]' plastic '[recycling]'.

8. From the '[beginning]' of human history, people have asked questions about the world and their place within it.

9. He passed on to his followers not only his answers but also the process of '[thinking]' rationally, together with an idea of what kind of explanations could be considered satisfactory.

10. To distinguish themselves from other commoners, these people developed new ways of '[speaking]' to set themselves apart and demonstrate their new, elevated social status.

11. For example, '[reading]' more is a good habit, but if you'[[re only doing]] it because you feel like that's what you're supposed to do, not because you actually want to learn more, you'[[re 'going']] to have a hard time '[reaching]' the goal.

12. Houston Airport executives faced plenty of complaints '(전)regarding' baggage claim time, so they increased the number of baggage handlers.

13. It took about a minute to get from the arrival gate to baggage claim, so the passengers spent seven more minutes '[waiting]' for their bags.

14. It resulted in (의미상주어)complaints '[reducing]' to almost zero.

15. Thus, '[occupying]' the passengers' time by '[making]' them walk longer gave them the idea they didn't have to wait as long.

16. You will find that the bits of paper or chalk dust cling to the pen.

17. The '[lightning]' that we often see during a storm is caused by a large flow of electrical charges between charged clouds and the earth.

18. That's because after death, the human body dehydrates, '{causing}' the skin to shrink, or become smaller.

19. This '[shrinking]' exposes the parts of the nails and hair that were once under the skin, '{causing}' them to appear longer than before.

20. '[Reading]' is like '[skiing]'.

21. When done well, when done by an expert, both '[reading]' and '[skiing]' are graceful, harmonious activities.

22. When done by a beginner, both are awkward, '(frustrating)', and slow.

23. '[Learning]' to ski is one of the most '(embarrassing)' experiences an adult can undergo.

24. After all, an adult [[has been 'walking']] for a long time; he knows where his feet are; he knows how to put one foot in front of the other in order to get somewhere.

25. He slips and slides, falls down, has trouble '[getting]' up, and generally looks — and feels — like a fool.

26. It is the same with '[reading]'.

27. Probably you have been '[reading]' for a long time, too, and '[starting]' to learn all over again would be '(humiliating)'.

28. '[Studying]' history can make you more knowledgeable or '(interesting)' to talk to or can lead to all sorts of brilliant vocations, explorations, and careers.

29. But even more importantly, '[studying]' history helps us ask and answer humanity's Big Questions.

30. If you want to know why something [[is happening]] in the present, you might ask a sociologist or an economist.

31. Social psychologists at the University of Virginia asked college students to stand at the base of a hill {while carrying} a weighted backpack and estimate the steepness of the hill.

32. Though we don't know a lot about dinosaurs, what we do know is [fascinating] to children of all ages.

33. Dinosaurs are studied in classrooms each year, not only for the science behind the topic, but also because of the creative '[thinking]' it seems to foster in students.

34. "The best part about this is what happens with their '[writing]'," Jennifer Zimmerman, a primary school teacher in Washington, D.C., says.

35. Eventually, the boy started to understand that '[holding]' his temper was easier than '[driving]' nails into the fence.

36. The '(Amazing)' Story of the 33 / Alone in the Dark.

37. It was a triumph of '[engineering]' and a victory of faith.

38. On August 5, 2010, at around lunch break, miners '(digging)' for copper and gold started to feel vibrations in the earth.

39. A massive piece of the nearby mountain had broken off, '{burying}' almost all the layers of the mine.

40. For example, José Henríquez, a religious man, tried to keep morale up, and Yonni Barrios, who had had some medical '[training]', helped other miners with their health problems.

41. Upon '[leaving]' the capsule, each miner was enthusiastically greeted, but they could not see their families right away.

42. We wanted to live for our families, and that was the greatest thing," Urzúa said to the Chilean people after his rescue.

43. Then, the rescuers and the rescued began [singing] the Chilean national anthem with the thousands of joyous people who came to support the operation, '{celebrating}' the heroics and the humanity of all those involved.

44. '[Being]' a consumer is tough these days.

45. At the same time, without decisions to make, '[being]' a consumer would be easier but much less '(interesting)'.

46. Advertisements cover cars and buildings, TV commercials shout slogans, and pop-up promotions on the Internet can be '(annoying)'.

47. Imagine that you go to a [shopping] mall to buy a pair of jeans.

48. Sales reduce inventory size, {making} room for the store to buy more stuff to sell, and they attract customers.

49. If the jeans were originally $100 but are now on sale for $80, the lower price would lead more customers to consider '[buying]' the jeans and '[spending]' another $20 on a T-shirt, too.

50. When advertisers associate '(appealing)' images with certain products, consumers may buy the products to associate themselves with those images.

51. You're still the same you, but you feel better about yourself because you [[are wearing]] Brand X's new jeans.

52. Is this worth '[paying]' 25%, 50%, or even 100% more?

53. "Have you ever been offered to buy something that you had not planned on '[buying]'?

54. This is called up-'[selling]' and it's designed to be not only helpful for you, but also for the store's bottom line.

55. What Most People Do Why are you influenced by these '[marketing]' strategies?

56. What'[[s 'going']] on in your head?

57. Instead of 'deliberating', you choose the easy way and make your decisions automatically.

58. For example, many people may simply assume that '[buying]' an item on sale will save them money, or that something with a higher price tag is better in quality.

59. If there are so many choices and '[marketing]' strategies out there, how can you become a smart consumer?

60. [Being] a smart consumer is not something that comes naturally.

61. Once you start '[noticing]' what's out there, your experience and wisdom will guide you to smart '[consuming]'.



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1. It might seem that 명사 praising your child's intelligence or talent would boost his self-esteem and motivate him.

2. This leaves kids 판단필요 [feeling]? helpless when they make mistakes.

3. What's the point of 명사 trying to improve if your mistakes indicate that you lack intelligence?

4. 분사구문 {When meeting} someone in person, body language experts say that 명사 smiling can portray confidence and warmth.

5. Online, however, smiley faces could 동사 be doing some serious damage to your career.

6. In a new study, researchers found that 명사 using smiley faces makes you look incompetent.

7. "The report also explains, "Perceptions of low competence, in turn, lessened information sharing.

8. "Chances are, if you 동사 are including a smiley face in an email for work, the last thing you want is for your coworkers to think that you are so inadequate that they chose not to share information with you.

9. If you ask a physicist how long it would take a marble to fall from the top of a ten-story building, he will likely answer the question by 명사 assuming that the marble falls in a vacuum.

10. In reality, the 명사 building is 분사 (surrounded) by air, which applies friction to the 판단필요 [falling]? marble and slows it down.

11. 판단필요 {Assuming}? the marble falls in a vacuum simplifies the problem without substantially 명사 affecting the answer.

12. By 명사 doing so, we can focus our 명사 thinking on the essence of the problem.

13. Once, watercourses seemed boundless and the idea of 명사 protecting water was considered silly.

14. According to the constitution, a citizen might file suit on behalf of an injured watershed, 판단필요 [recognizing]? that its health is crucial to the common good.

15. More countries 동사 are acknowledging nature's rights and are expected to follow Ecuador's lead.

16. In everyday life we often blame people for "creating" their own problems.

17. If a person sinks into debt because of 명사 overspending or credit card abuse, other people often consider the problem to be the result of the individual's personal failings.

18. However, 판단필요 [thinking]? about it this way overlooks debt among people in low-income brackets who have no other way than debt to acquire basic necessities of life.

19. By contrast, at middle- and upper-income levels, 판단필요 [overspending]? takes on a variety of meanings typically influenced by what people think of as essential for their well-being and associated with the so-called "good life" that is so heavily marketed.

20. Yena's Two Weeks in Peru Last summer I learned about the Inca Project in Peru while I 동사 was researching how I could spend my summer vacation in a meaningful way.

21. 판단필요 {Traveling}? to Cusco was not easy.

22. I had to change flights twice, once in Los Angeles, California, and again in Lima, Peru, 분사구문 {before finally arriving} in Cusco, 32 hours after I left Korea.

23. They came from many different countries 전 including England, Canada, America, and Belgium.

24. We stayed in Cusco for two days, 판단필요 [recovering]? from the long hours of flight and 판단필요 [adjusting]? to the high mountain area.

25. We took advantage of the time to tour the city and to see something of the 분사 (surrounding) area.

26. For dinner that 명사 evening we had ceviche, a dish of fish soaked in lime juice.

27. 분사구문 {After seeing} Cusco, we moved to Huyro, the site where we would 동사 be working.

28. I was 분사 (excited) about the work I would 동사 be doing.

29. The next morning we began 명사 working at the site.

30. I imagined that we were in an Indiana Jones movie, 판단필요 [making]? a path through the forest to find evidence of the ancient Inca civilization.

31. Then, 분사구문 {while digging} at the site, we found some pieces of ancient pottery.

32. By early afternoon, 판단필요 [working]? in the heat and the thin air, I was exhausted.

33. After days of hard work, however, I was 분사 (pleased) that I had been part of such a worthy 분사구문 {project as 명사 preserving} the remains of the ancient Inca civilization.

34. Near the end of our visit, 판단필요 [having]? completed our volunteer work, we went by train to the nearby ruins of Machu Picchu.

35. We were 분사 (amazed) by the 분사 (outstanding) 판단필요 [building]? skills of the Inca civilization, which prospered more than five centuries ago.

36. Participation in the Inca Project was a 명사 blessing to me, 판단필요 [allowing]? me to learn the importance of 명사 volunteering.

37. For the past three years, Ethan 동사 has been schooling us all in the game of life.

38. Instead of 명사 putting all his efforts into 명사 trying to be the team's best player, he has done everything he can to make the team better.

39. As Ethan has shown us, 판단필요 [lifting]? up those around us is also of great worth.

40. Yes, sometimes there is something better than 판단필요 [being]? the best.

41. When one morning, upon 명사 entering the stable, he found that one of his family cows had been killed.

42. Not just Richard's family, but many of their neighbors 동사 were putting up with the same problem.

43. Some people who had lost animals to the lions wanted to kill the lions to protect their 판단필요 [remaining]? cows and goats.

44. In addition, their numbers 동사 are decreasing.

45. Members of Richard's family took turns 판단필요 [guarding]? the cows in their stable at night.

46. He sensed that lions were outside in the dark, but they would not come near if they thought somebody 동사 was walking around to protect the cows.

47. Then he had an idea— a 판단필요 [moving]? torch!

48. To lions, a 판단필요 [moving]? torch could only mean that a person 동사 was holding it, which would stop them from 명사 approaching the stable.

49. How, he thought to himself, could he make it appear that a torch 동사 was moving?

50. After lots of trial and error, Richard finally created a system of 명사 flashing LED lights, powered by an old car battery that was charged by a solar panel.

51. At night, the lights could be seen from outside the stable and took turns flashing, which appeared as if people 동사 were moving around with torches.

52. Richard's Lion Lights 동사 are now being used all over Kenya.

53. The old man 동사 had been found wandering aimlessly on the street.

54. 판단필요 {Going}? to middle school, Kenneth often looked after his grandfather.

55. 판단필요 {Following}? his grandfather, he wondered whether he could do anything more to help him.

56. The problem was that there was no way of 명사 knowing where his grandfather would go when he left the safety of his room.

57. If a patient's steps make loud noises, 분사구문 {as if walking} in wooden shoes, it will wake up the caregiver.

58. But it will also wake up others who 동사 are sleeping nearby.

59. Kenneth's 명사 thinking started to speed up.

60. He finally came up with a system of socks with sensors in the heels and a smartphone 판단필요 [working]? as a monitor.

61. After tries with several different materials, he ended up with a film sensor 판단필요 [operating]? with a small battery.

62. Next, he studied 명사 programming to code an app that would transform a smartphone into a monitor.

63. When his grandfather started to walk, the sensors sent signals to the paired smartphone, 판단필요 [raising]? an alarm.

64. Kenneth's observation of his grandfather's 명사 wandering led to the creation of a device that helps people with Alzheimer's.

65. I동사 'm trying to stop 명사 using fossil fuels and live as green a life as possible.

66. Host: You said you 동사 are trying to quit 명사 using fossil fuels.

67. We get energy mainly from 명사 burning fossil fuels, but there are a couple of problems with that.

68. Fossil fuels are not renewable, which means that sooner or later we 동사 are going to run out of them.

69. 분사구문 {While working} on a documentary in Alaska, however, I realized that climate change is serious and that I, along with everyone else, am responsible for it.

70. Enormous ice sheets 동사 were melting away.

71. It struck me hard that I 동사 was sending carbon into the air whenever I turned on the lights, drove a car, or even went 판단필요 [shopping]? for food.

72. So I wanted to set up a more sustainable system of 명사 providing for them, different from the current one that is so dependent upon fossil fuel energy.

73. Solar panels are surprisingly expensive, and I 동사 had trouble putting them in place.

74. 분사구문 {After going} solar, my farm uses only one tenth of the fossil fuel energy used by the average American household.

75. Host: And 전 regarding transportation, I hear you now drive a very special truck.

76. I pay regular visits to a local Chinese restaurant and collect waste 판단필요 [cooking]? oil.

77. The only problem is that the truck smells like fried chicken, and 판단필요 [driving]? it makes me terribly hungry!

78. Host: You also started 명사 farming.

79. 판단필요 {Eating}? locally is another way of 명사 reducing carbon emissions.

80. If we stay aware and keep trying, I'm certain that we can build a better future.

81. Host: Mr. Fine, thank you very much for 명사 joining us.

82. Thank you for 명사 having me.


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