from 영어시한 2018 All Rights Reserved. Written by Wayne

English is for Communication. Be the MASTERPIECE! -Wayne

GUIDE: 영어공부 설명서 1. 문장을 ⌈주어(S) / 동사(V) / X(목적어;보어) / 설명⌋으로 나누세요. 2. 영단어 뒤에 적절한 조사를 붙이세요. ex. (S=은;는;이;가 // O=~를;~에게 // 관계사절=~하는) 3. 직독직해 후에 문장전체를 다시 읽어보면서 의미를 확인. 4. S 잘 찾기 Tip! - 처음으로 나오는 명사 - 동사 앞의 명사 - The/ A/ An/ One's 뒤에 오는 명사 - 명사/ 대명사/ 동명사(Ving X)/ 투부정사(To V X)/ 접속사절(접+SVX) 5. V 쉽게 찾기 Tip! - 조동사를 찾으면 동사가 나온다. (can, do, must, should, will..) - V 뒤에는 es/ s/ ed 등이 잘 붙는다. - not뒤에 동사가 온다. - RV/ be Ving/ be Ved(pp)/ be being pp/ have been Ving/ have been pp 6. X에 대하여.. X는 수식어, 보어, 목적어 등을 칭하는 이야기하는 말로 V에 따라 스타일이 달라진다. 1V ⇢ ad/ 전N/ 없음 2V ⇢ N/ adj/ Ving/ pp 3V ⇢ N/ 대/ Ving X/ To V X/ 접SVX 4V ⇢ N N/ N 접SVX 5V ⇢ N N/ N adj/ N To V X/ N RV X/ N Ving X/ N pp ***하지만 위의 원칙을 암기하기 보다는 개개의 단어들의 정확한 쓰임을 익히는 것이 진정한 영어학습을 위해 도움이 된다고 할 수 있다. ex) happen ad occur ad be adj want to v x remember to v x/ ving x regret to v x/ ving x suggest that s v x tell N that s v x call N N make N a/ N RV x/ N pp/ it a to v x consider N a/ it a to v x hear N RV x/ N ving x/ N pp 7. 접속사? - 종속접속사: 명사절/ 형용사절(관계사절)/ 부사절 - 등위접속사: F.A.N. B.O.Y.S. - 상관접속사: Both~ Either~ Neither~ Not only~ Not~ As well as~

#1-1

[Yummy ⌈expressions 표현, 표현법⌋] What / is Eggs Benedict ⌈made 화난, 미친⌋ / with?

[Yummy Expressions] What is Eggs Benedict made with?

Can you think of any English ⌈expressions 표현, 표현법⌋ / about food?

Can you think of any English expressions about food?

It' s a piece of ⌈cake 케이크, 몫⌋!

It' s a piece of cake!

Food ⌈expressions 표현, 표현법⌋ / are all around us.

Food expressions are all around us.

We / can even find them / on the ⌈breakfast 아침, 아침식사⌋ table.

We can even find them on the breakfast table.

Take a look, for example, / at the ⌈popular 인기 있는, 유명한⌋ Western ⌈breakfast 아침, 아침식사⌋ ⌈dish 음식, 요리⌋, Eggs Benedict.

Take a look, for example, at the popular Western breakfast dish, Eggs Benedict.

It / is ⌈made 화난, 미친⌋ / with eggs, ⌈bread 빵, 생계⌋, Canadian ⌈bacon 베이컨⌋, ⌈salt 소금⌋, / and sometimes cheese.

It is made with eggs, bread, Canadian bacon, salt, and sometimes cheese.

Did you know / that each of these ⌈ingredients 재료, 성분⌋ / has its own English ⌈expression 표현, 표현법⌋ / with a story behind it?

Did you know that each of these ingredients has its own English expression with a story behind it?

Let's find out more!

Let's find out more!

#1-2

She had egg / on her face.

She had egg on her face.

Meaning: She / was very ⌈embarrassed 당황한, 부끄러운⌋.

Meaning: She was very embarrassed.

Story Behind It : Long ago, some ⌈crowds 군중, 붐비다⌋ / were overly ⌈responsive 민감한, 반응하는⌋ / to ⌈theatrical 연극의, 극장의⌋ ⌈performances 공연, 실적⌋.

Story Behind It : Long ago, some crowds were overly responsive to theatrical performances.

When they / did not like the ⌈performance 공연, 실적⌋, they ⌈threw 던졌다, 시구를 했다⌋ things / at the performer, sometimes even eggs!

When they did not like the performance, they threw things at the performer, sometimes even eggs!

Needless / to say, having egg / on the face / was very ⌈embarrassing 당황스러운, 부끄러운⌋.

Needless to say, having egg on the face was very embarrassing.

Not only / did the ⌈appearance 외모, 출연⌋ look ⌈funny 재미있는, 웃기는⌋, but it also meant / that the performer had given a poor ⌈performance 공연, 실적⌋.

Not only did the appearance look funny, but it also meant that the performer had given a poor performance.

Today, we no longer throw eggs / at people / on ⌈stage 무대, 단계⌋, but we still use the ⌈expression 표현, 표현법⌋ egg / on one' s face / to mean an ⌈embarrassing 당황스러운, 부끄러운⌋ situation.

Today, we no longer throw eggs at people on stage, but we still use the expression egg on one' s face to mean an embarrassing situation.

#1-3

The driverless car / is the greatest thing / since sliced ⌈bread 빵, 생계⌋.

The driverless car is the greatest thing since sliced bread.

Meaning: The driverless car / is a wonderful ⌈invention 발명품, 발명⌋.

Meaning: The driverless car is a wonderful invention.

Story Behind It : Although ⌈bread 빵, 생계⌋ / has fed ⌈mankind 인류, 인간⌋ for over 30,000 years, it / was not ⌈mass 대량의, 미사⌋-produced until the Industrial Revolution.

Story Behind It : Although bread has fed mankind for over 30,000 years, it was not mass-produced until the Industrial Revolution.

Even after the Industrial Revolution brought the ⌈convenience 편리, 편의⌋ of factory-produced ⌈bread 빵, 생계⌋ / to the ⌈dining 식사하기, 식사⌋ table, people still had / to cut it by hand.

Even after the Industrial Revolution brought the convenience of factory-produced bread to the dining table, people still had to cut it by hand.

Otto Frederick Rohwedder / from Iowa ⌈invented 발명하다, 개발하다⌋ the first ⌈bread 빵, 생계⌋ slicing machine / and put it / into service / in 1928.

Otto Frederick Rohwedder from Iowa invented the first bread slicing machine and put it into service in 1928.

Several ⌈bread 빵, 생계⌋ companies used his machine / and advertised sliced ⌈bread 빵, 생계⌋ / as “ the greatest ⌈forward 앞으로, 발전한⌋ step / in the baking ⌈industry 산업, 업계⌋ / since ⌈bread 빵, 생계⌋ / was ⌈wrapped 매우 기뻐하는, 열중하는⌋.”

Several bread companies used his machine and advertised sliced bread as “ the greatest forward step in the baking industry since bread was wrapped.”

From there, the ⌈expression 표현, 표현법⌋ the greatest thing / since sliced ⌈bread 빵, 생계⌋ / was ⌈coined 동전, 만들어내다⌋ / to refer / to a wonderful ⌈invention 발명품, 발명⌋.

From there, the expression the greatest thing since sliced bread was coined to refer to a wonderful invention.

#1-4

Who brings home the ⌈bacon 베이컨⌋ / in your house?

Who brings home the bacon in your house?

Meaning: Who supports your family financially?

Meaning: Who supports your family financially?

Story Behind It : There / was a ⌈couple 부부, 커플⌋ living / in England / in the 1100s.

Story Behind It : There was a couple living in England in the 1100s.

The ⌈couple 부부, 커플⌋ loved each other so much / that a ⌈priest 신부, 사제⌋ ⌈awarded 상, 수여하다⌋ them some ⌈bacon 베이컨⌋.

The couple loved each other so much that a priest awarded them some bacon.

From then / on, any ⌈couple 부부, 커플⌋ who / did not ⌈argue 주장하다, 논쟁하다⌋ / with each other for a year / and a day / was also ⌈awarded 상, 수여하다⌋ ⌈bacon 베이컨⌋.

From then on, any couple who did not argue with each other for a year and a day was also awarded bacon.

Since ⌈bacon 베이컨⌋ / was very ⌈expensive 비싼, 돈이 많이 드는⌋ / at / that time, the ⌈expression 표현, 표현법⌋ / to bring home the ⌈bacon 베이컨⌋ took / on the meaning of making money for the family.

Since bacon was very expensive at that time, the expression to bring home the bacon took on the meaning of making money for the family.

#1-5

Her father / is the big cheese / in this company.

Her father is the big cheese in this company.

Meaning: Her father / is a very important person / in this company.

Meaning: Her father is a very important person in this company.

Story Behind It: The ⌈expression 표현, 표현법⌋ the big cheese most likely ⌈came 캠, 캠을 달다⌋ / from the U.S. / in the early 20 th century.

Story Behind It: The expression the big cheese most likely came from the U.S. in the early 20 th century.

Back then, it / was common practice / to ⌈display (작품을) 전시하다, 보여주다⌋ a big wheel of cheese / at a large ⌈public 대중, 국민⌋ event for some time.

Back then, it was common practice to display a big wheel of cheese at a large public event for some time.

It / would then be *ceremonially cut up / at a later date by a very important person.

It would then be *ceremonially cut up at a later date by a very important person.

For example, / in 1911, U.S. President William Howard Taft cut up a big cheese wheel / at an event / in Chicago.

For example, in 1911, U.S. President William Howard Taft cut up a big cheese wheel at an event in Chicago.

Gradually, the ⌈expression 표현, 표현법⌋ the big cheese took / on the meaning of a person of great power or ⌈importance 중요성, 중대함⌋.

Gradually, the expression the big cheese took on the meaning of a person of great power or importance.

#1-6

Take what she says / with a ⌈grain 곡물, 곡식⌋ of ⌈salt 소금⌋.

Take what she says with a grain of salt.

Meaning: Don' t believe everything she says.

Meaning: Don' t believe everything she says.

Story Behind It: Long, long ago, there lived a king who ⌈feared 두려움, 우려⌋ being ⌈poisoned 중독되다, 독⌋ by his enemies.

Story Behind It: Long, long ago, there lived a king who feared being poisoned by his enemies.

So, he created a ⌈recipe 요리법, 레시피⌋ for a ⌈remedy 치료하다, 구제하다⌋ against ⌈poison 중독되다, 독⌋.

So, he created a recipe for a remedy against poison.

His ⌈recipe 요리법, 레시피⌋ contained ⌈seventy 70⌋-two ⌈ingredients 재료, 성분⌋, ⌈including 포함해, 등⌋ leaves of trees / and ⌈nuts 미친, 최고의것⌋.

His recipe contained seventy-two ingredients, including leaves of trees and nuts.

In the last line of his ⌈recipe 요리법, 레시피⌋, he wrote / with a ⌈grain 곡물, 곡식⌋ of ⌈salt 소금⌋.

In the last line of his recipe, he wrote with a grain of salt.

This line became very ⌈famous 유명한, 잘 알려진⌋ / since the ⌈grain 곡물, 곡식⌋ of ⌈salt 소금⌋ / was the deciding ⌈ingredient 재료, 성분⌋ / in ⌈protecting 보호하다, 지키다⌋ against being ⌈poisoned 중독되다, 독⌋.

This line became very famous since the grain of salt was the deciding ingredient in protecting against being poisoned.

Later, the ⌈expression 표현, 표현법⌋ take something / with a ⌈grain 곡물, 곡식⌋ of ⌈salt 소금⌋ ⌈came 캠, 캠을 달다⌋ / to have the meaning / that a little ⌈bit 조금, 약간⌋ of ⌈doubt 의심하다, 의혹⌋ / can help ⌈protect 보호하다, 지키다⌋ against being ⌈poisoned 중독되다, 독⌋ by ⌈inaccurate 정확하지 않은, 확실하지 않은⌋ or ⌈misleading 허위의, 오해하게 하는⌋ ⌈information 정보, 자료⌋.

Later, the expression take something with a grain of salt came to have the meaning that a little bit of doubt can help protect against being poisoned by inaccurate or misleading information.

#2-1

Cooperation / in the Animal Kingdom Darwin's “survival of the fittest”/ is ⌈universally 도처에, 널리⌋ ⌈regarded 관련되다, 간주하다⌋ / as a simple ⌈reality 현실, 리얼리티⌋ / in the game of life.

Cooperation in the Animal Kingdom Darwin's “survival of the fittest”is universally regarded as a simple reality in the game of life.

Successful play sometimes ⌈requires 필요하다, 요구하다⌋ a ⌈degree 도, 학위⌋ of ⌈selfishness 이기주의, 이기심⌋.

Successful play sometimes requires a degree of selfishness.

However, across the animal kingdom, ⌈selfishness 이기주의, 이기심⌋ / is only a very small part of an animal's life.

However, across the animal kingdom, selfishness is only a very small part of an animal's life.

Often, animals help each other / and work together for the greater good.

Often, animals help each other and work together for the greater good.

Cooperation ⌈prevails 만연하다, 이기다⌋ / at every level of the animal kingdom.

Cooperation prevails at every level of the animal kingdom.

In the following three examples, it / is ⌈inspiring 고무하는, 감동시키는⌋ / to see how animals ⌈cooperate 협력하다, 협조하다⌋ / to help each other.

In the following three examples, it is inspiring to see how animals cooperate to help each other.

#2-2

ANTS Have you ever observed ants marching / in / and out of their nest?

ANTS Have you ever observed ants marching in and out of their nest?

If so, it / may have ⌈reminded 상기시키다, 생각나게 하다⌋ you of a ⌈highway 고속도로, 간선도로⌋ ⌈packed 싸다, 꽉 들어찬⌋ / with cars.

If so, it may have reminded you of a highway packed with cars.

But this ⌈comparison 비교, ~에 비해⌋ / is not appropriate.

But this comparison is not appropriate.

Ants never get / into a ⌈traffic 교통, 차⌋ ⌈jam 잼, 막히는⌋, no ⌈matter 문제, 중요하다⌋ how fast they move or how many of them ⌈occupy 점령하다, 차지하다⌋ the road.

Ants never get into a traffic jam, no matter how fast they move or how many of them occupy the road.

This / is because their ⌈movements 운동, 움직임⌋ / are based / on ⌈cooperation 협력, 협조⌋.

This is because their movements are based on cooperation.

When there / are a few ants ⌈moving 움직이는, 감동시키는⌋ / in a ⌈single 하나의, 싱글⌋ ⌈direction 방향, 지시⌋, some ants / are likely / to move slowly, some fast, / and others even faster.

When there are a few ants moving in a single direction, some ants are likely to move slowly, some fast, and others even faster.

As their number ⌈increases 증가하다, 늘리다⌋, however, they ⌈communicate 의사소통하다, 대화하다⌋ / with each other / so that they all move / at the same ⌈speed 속도, 스피드⌋.

As their number increases, however, they communicate with each other so that they all move at the same speed.

The slow ⌈speed 속도, 스피드⌋ up / while the fast / and the superfast slow down.

The slow speed up while the fast and the superfast slow down.

There / are times / when ants ⌈leaving 떠나는, 두는⌋ the nest for food ⌈encounter 만나다, 마주치다⌋ other ants coming back / with food / on their backs.

There are times when ants leaving the nest for food encounter other ants coming back with food on their backs.

When this happens, the inbound ants, the ones carrying a ⌈burden 부담, 부담감⌋, always / have the right of way.

When this happens, the inbound ants, the ones carrying a burden, always have the right of way.

Outbound ants turn / to get out of the way, / while inbound ants ⌈continue 계속하다, 지속시키다⌋ / in a ⌈straight 연속한, 똑바로⌋ line.

Outbound ants turn to get out of the way, while inbound ants continue in a straight line.

This ⌈arrangement 준비, 배열⌋ makes sense because it / is more ⌈difficult 어려운, 힘든⌋ for inbound ants / to change ⌈direction 방향, 지시⌋ due / to their ⌈heavy 무거운, 강력한⌋ ⌈loads 싣다, 짐⌋.

This arrangement makes sense because it is more difficult for inbound ants to change direction due to their heavy loads.

Following these ⌈rules 규칙, 규정⌋ / and cooperating / in this way, ants ⌈improve 개선하다, 향상하다⌋ the ⌈traffic 교통, 차⌋ ⌈flow 흐르다, 흐름⌋ / and make the ⌈delivery 배달, 배송⌋ of food / to the nest more ⌈efficient 효율적인, 효과적⌋.

Following these rules and cooperating in this way, ants improve the traffic flow and make the delivery of food to the nest more efficient.

#2-3

FISH Fish also ⌈cooperate 협력하다, 협조하다⌋.

FISH Fish also cooperate.

As everyone knows, big fish often eat little fish.

As everyone knows, big fish often eat little fish.

Sometimes, however, little fish help the big fish, so the big fish / do not eat the little fish.

Sometimes, however, little fish help the big fish, so the big fish do not eat the little fish.

Tiny fish, which scientists refer / to as “⌈cleaners 세탁소, 청소기⌋,”

Tiny fish, which scientists refer to as “cleaners,”

swim / into the ⌈mouths 입, 말⌋ of bigger fish, which / are referred / to as “⌈clients 고객, 의뢰인⌋.”

swim into the mouths of bigger fish, which are referred to as “clients.”

The ⌈cleaners 세탁소, 청소기⌋ eat ⌈parasites 기생충, 식객⌋ / in the ⌈clients 고객, 의뢰인⌋' ⌈mouths 입, 말⌋.

The cleaners eat parasites in the clients' mouths.

After the ⌈cleaners 세탁소, 청소기⌋ / do their job, the ⌈clients 고객, 의뢰인⌋ let them go, instead of swallowing them.

After the cleaners do their job, the clients let them go, instead of swallowing them.

The ⌈cleaners 세탁소, 청소기⌋ get a meal, / and the ⌈clients 고객, 의뢰인⌋ get a healthier ⌈mouth 입, 말⌋.

The cleaners get a meal, and the clients get a healthier mouth.

Sometimes the ⌈cleaner 세탁소, 청소기⌋ fish ⌈chew ~을 씹다, 씹어서 으깨다⌋ / on the wall of the ⌈client 고객, 의뢰인⌋ fish's ⌈mouth 입, 말⌋.

Sometimes the cleaner fish chew on the wall of the client fish's mouth.

Although this / may cause ⌈pain 고통, 통증⌋, the big fish still / do not eat the little ones for two ⌈reasons 이유, 원인⌋.

Although this may cause pain, the big fish still do not eat the little ones for two reasons.

First, the ⌈cleaners 세탁소, 청소기⌋ / are too small / to ⌈satisfy 만족시키다, 충족시키다⌋ their ⌈hunger 기아, 갈망⌋.

First, the cleaners are too small to satisfy their hunger.

Second, it / is hard / to find good ⌈cleaners 세탁소, 청소기⌋.

Second, it is hard to find good cleaners.

Once the ⌈cleaners 세탁소, 청소기⌋ / and the ⌈clients 고객, 의뢰인⌋ ⌈establish 설립하다, 세우다⌋ ⌈trust 신뢰, 믿음⌋, the ⌈clients 고객, 의뢰인⌋ want / to ⌈cooperate 협력하다, 협조하다⌋ / with the ⌈cleaners 세탁소, 청소기⌋ / and keep them around.

Once the cleaners and the clients establish trust, the clients want to cooperate with the cleaners and keep them around.

#2-4

BIRDS Pied flycatchers* / are small birds / that ⌈cooperate 협력하다, 협조하다⌋ / in ⌈dangerous 위험한⌋ situations.

BIRDS Pied flycatchers* are small birds that cooperate in dangerous situations.

When a predator ⌈enters 들어가다, 입장하다⌋ a flycatcher's area, the flycatcher makes a ⌈loud 큰 소리로, 큰⌋ sound for help.

When a predator enters a flycatcher's area, the flycatcher makes a loud sound for help.

Other flycatchers hear the call, / and they come / to help.

Other flycatchers hear the call, and they come to help.

As more / and more birds ⌈join 참여하다, 가입하다⌋ the group, the predator becomes ⌈frightened 깜짝 놀란, 두려움을 느끼는⌋ / and runs away.

As more and more birds join the group, the predator becomes frightened and runs away.

It / is important / to ⌈note 지적하다, 메모⌋ / that flycatchers go / to the ⌈aid 지원, 원조⌋ of another bird / in ⌈danger 위험, 위기⌋ only / if / that bird / has helped other birds / in the past.

It is important to note that flycatchers go to the aid of another bird in danger only if that bird has helped other birds in the past.

They / do not answer the calls of birds / that / have refused / to help others before.

They do not answer the calls of birds that have refused to help others before.

More Info.

More Info.

Do you know how ⌈bats 박쥐, 배트⌋ ⌈cooperate 협력하다, 협조하다⌋ / to ⌈survive 살아남다, 생존하다⌋?

Do you know how bats cooperate to survive?

One kind of ⌈bat 박쥐, 배트⌋ / has a ⌈system 시스템, 제도⌋ of food ⌈sharing 서로 나누어 가지기⌋.

One kind of bat has a system of food sharing.

⌈bats 박쥐, 배트⌋ ⌈die 죽다, 사망하다⌋ / if they go two nights / without food.

Bats die if they go two nights without food.

As ⌈hunting 사냥, 수렵⌋ for ⌈blood 피, 혈액⌋—heir only food—s not easy, younger ⌈bats 박쥐, 배트⌋ ⌈fail 실패, 실패하다⌋ / to find food one night out of three.

As hunting for blood—heir only food—s not easy, younger bats fail to find food one night out of three.

But ⌈hunger 기아, 갈망⌋ / is ⌈rare 드문, 희귀한⌋ because ⌈bats 박쥐, 배트⌋ / that find ⌈blood 피, 혈액⌋ ⌈share 공유하다, 나누다⌋ it / with ⌈bats 박쥐, 배트⌋ / that / do.

But hunger is rare because bats that find blood share it with bats that don't.

#2-5

⌈cooperation 협력, 협조⌋ / is a ⌈process 과정, 절차⌋ / that started / with the first ⌈single 하나의, 싱글⌋-celled ⌈creatures 생물, 생명체⌋.

Cooperation is a process that started with the first single-celled creatures.

Living things, / from their beginnings more / than three ⌈billion 10억, 막대한 수⌋ years ago, took over the ⌈planet 행성, 혹성⌋ by learning / to ⌈cooperate 협력하다, 협조하다⌋.

Living things, from their beginnings more than three billion years ago, took over the planet by learning to cooperate.

We human beings ⌈cooperate 협력하다, 협조하다⌋ / in ⌈plenty 많은, 충분하게⌋ of ways, / from ⌈lining 안감, 줄무늬⌋ up / at a bus stop / to ⌈sharing 서로 나누어 가지기⌋ ⌈knowledge 지식, 아는 것⌋ / on a website.

We human beings cooperate in plenty of ways, from lining up at a bus stop to sharing knowledge on a website.

Sometimes, however, human ⌈cooperation 협력, 협조⌋ / can ⌈break 깨다, 휴식⌋ down.

Sometimes, however, human cooperation can break down.

To ⌈foster 육성하다, 증진하다⌋ cooperative success among humans, we / should perhaps look / to ⌈nature 자연, 본성⌋ for ⌈inspiration 영감, 자극⌋.

To foster cooperative success among humans, we should perhaps look to nature for inspiration.

#2-6

< CULTURE > Team Sports around the World// There / are many team sports which ⌈require 필요하다, 요구하다⌋ ⌈cooperation 협력, 협조⌋ among the team members / in order / to win.

< CULTURE > Team Sports around the World// There are many team sports which require cooperation among the team members in order to win.

Let' see the ⌈origins 기원, 원산⌋ of a few of these sports.

Let' see the origins of a few of these sports.

Field Hockey Field hockey / has a long history.

Field Hockey Field hockey has a long history.

Four-thousand-year-old drawings of men playing a simple ⌈version 버전⌋ of a hockey game / have been found / in ⌈tombs 무덤⌋ / in Egypt.

Four-thousand-year-old drawings of men playing a simple version of a hockey game have been found in tombs in Egypt.

In the Middle Ages ⌈variations 변형, 변화⌋ of hockey-like games / were played / in European countries.

In the Middle Ages variations of hockey-like games were played in European countries.

Later England modernized it.

Later England modernized it.

Soccer A Chinese game called cuju meaning “kick a ⌈ball 공, 볼⌋”

Soccer A Chinese game called cuju meaning “kick a ball”

⌈existed 존재하다, 있다⌋ during the 2nd / and 3rd centuries B.C.

existed during the 2nd and 3rd centuries B.C.

/ and / has been ⌈recognized 인정받은, 알려진⌋ / as the first ⌈version 버전⌋ of soccer / with similar ⌈rules 규칙, 규정⌋ / to the ⌈modern 현대의, 근대의⌋ game.

and has been recognized as the first version of soccer with similar rules to the modern game.

Players / could use any part of their body except their hands.

Players could use any part of their body except their hands.

Later soccer-like games / were played / in Japan Australia / and several countries / in Europe.

Later soccer-like games were played in Japan Australia and several countries in Europe.

Now 211 countries around the world / are ⌈registered 등록된, 등기의⌋ / as members of FIFA.

Now 211 countries around the world are registered as members of FIFA.

⌈rowing 논란, 줄⌋ ⌈rowing 논란, 줄⌋ / has ⌈existed 존재하다, 있다⌋ / since humans first traveled / on water by boat.

Rowing Rowing has existed since humans first traveled on water by boat.

The first ⌈reference 참고, 언급⌋ / to ⌈rowing 논란, 줄⌋ / as a sport comes / from 15thcentury B.C.

The first reference to rowing as a sport comes from 15thcentury B.C.

Egypt.

Egypt.

It later ⌈spread 퍼지다, 확산되다⌋ throughout Europe.

It later spread throughout Europe.

⌈modern 현대의, 근대의⌋ ⌈rowing 논란, 줄⌋ / as a ⌈competitive 경쟁의, 경쟁력을 지닌⌋ sport goes back / to England / in the 18th century.

Modern rowing as a competitive sport goes back to England in the 18th century.

Now one of the most ⌈famous 유명한, 잘 알려진⌋ ⌈competitions 경쟁, 대회⌋ / is the Oxford / and Cambridge Boat Race.

Now one of the most famous competitions is the Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race.

#3-1

What Is Soda Doing / to You?

What Is Soda Doing to You?

When you eat fast food, / such as pizza, hamburger, or ⌈fried 튀긴, 프라이⌋ ⌈chicken 닭, 치킨⌋, what / do you drink / with it?

When you eat fast food, such as pizza, hamburger, or fried chicken, what do you drink with it?

Most people / have a soda.

Most people have a soda.

When you go / to the movies or / when you just want something ⌈refreshing 상쾌한, 심신을 상쾌하게 하는⌋ / to ⌈satisfy 만족시키다, 충족시키다⌋ your ⌈thirst 갈증, 갈망⌋, a soda / is often the first ⌈choice 선택, 결정⌋.

When you go to the movies or when you just want something refreshing to satisfy your thirst, a soda is often the first choice.

Soda, also called a soft drink, / is a ⌈sweet 달콤한, 맛좋은⌋ drink / with carbonation.

Soda, also called a soft drink, is a sweet drink with carbonation.

People all over the world love sodas.

People all over the world love sodas.

Every year, Americans ⌈consume 소비하다, 먹어치우다⌋ 170 liters of soda per person, / and the British 100 liters.

Every year, Americans consume 170 liters of soda per person, and the British 100 liters.

Of all age groups, teenagers drink the most soda.

Of all age groups, teenagers drink the most soda.

Most people, however, understand / that sodas / are not good for their ⌈health 건강, 보건⌋ due / to the ⌈ingredients 재료, 성분⌋.

Most people, however, understand that sodas are not good for their health due to the ingredients.

What / is / in a soda?

What is in a soda?

Which ⌈ingredients 재료, 성분⌋ / are really not good for you?

Which ingredients are really not good for you?

#3-2

⌈sugar 설탕, 당분⌋ Everyone knows / that soft drinks / are ⌈loaded 싣다, 짐⌋ / with large ⌈amounts 양, 되다⌋ of ⌈sugar 설탕, 당분⌋.

Sugar Everyone knows that soft drinks are loaded with large amounts of sugar.

A ⌈typical 전형적인, 일반적인⌋ 250ml / can of soda contains 30 grams of ⌈sugar 설탕, 당분⌋.

A typical 250ml can of soda contains 30 grams of sugar.

WHO, the World ⌈health 건강, 보건⌋ Organization, ⌈recommends 추천하다, 권하다⌋ / that people ⌈consume 소비하다, 먹어치우다⌋ less / than 25 grams of ⌈sugar 설탕, 당분⌋ a day.

WHO, the World Health Organization, recommends that people consume less than 25 grams of sugar a day.

Therefore, / if you drink one small / can of soda, your ⌈daily 매일의, 일상적인⌋ ⌈sugar 설탕, 당분⌋ intake already ⌈exceeds 넘어서다, 초과하다⌋ the ⌈recommended 추천하다, 권하다⌋ ⌈amount 양, 되다⌋.

Therefore, if you drink one small can of soda, your daily sugar intake already exceeds the recommended amount.

What / is ⌈worse 더 나쁜, 악화되어 있는⌋, people usually / do stop / with one / can.

What is worse, people usually don't stop with one can.

Having ⌈extra 추가의, 여분의⌋ ⌈sugar 설탕, 당분⌋ means adding ⌈unnecessary 불필요한, 쓸데없는⌋ calories.

Having extra sugar means adding unnecessary calories.

Over time, this / can lead / to obesity / and other ⌈health 건강, 보건⌋ problems, / such as heart ⌈disease 질병, 병⌋ / and diabetes.

Over time, this can lead to obesity and other health problems, such as heart disease and diabetes.

Even ⌈diet 다이어트, 식단⌋ sodas / are not ⌈safe 안전한, 무사한⌋.

Even diet sodas are not safe.

⌈diet 다이어트, 식단⌋ sodas ⌈replace 대체하다, 교체하다⌋ the ⌈sugar 설탕, 당분⌋ / with ⌈artificial 인공의, 인위적인⌋ sweeteners.

Diet sodas replace the sugar with artificial sweeteners.

⌈artificial 인공의, 인위적인⌋ sweeteners ⌈provide 제공하다, 공급하다⌋ a ⌈sweet 달콤한, 맛좋은⌋, sugary ⌈taste 맛보다, 맛⌋ / with fewer calories.

Artificial sweeteners provide a sweet, sugary taste with fewer calories.

This / may seem like a good thing, but it really / is.

This may seem like a good thing, but it really isn't.

According / to a recent study, ⌈artificial 인공의, 인위적인⌋ sweeteners make you want more ⌈sweet 달콤한, 맛좋은⌋ foods.

According to a recent study, artificial sweeteners make you want more sweet foods.

This means / that you / may ⌈easily 쉽게, 잘⌋ ⌈gain 얻다, 증가하다⌋ weight / if you keep drinking ⌈diet 다이어트, 식단⌋ soda.

This means that you may easily gain weight if you keep drinking diet soda.

In ⌈addition 추가, 덧셈⌋, ⌈artificial 인공의, 인위적인⌋ sweeteners / are known / to ⌈generate 창출하다, 발생시키다⌋ ⌈headaches 두통, 골칫거리⌋, ⌈emotional 감정적인, 감정의⌋ ⌈disorders 장애, 질환⌋, / and sleeping problems.

In addition, artificial sweeteners are known to generate headaches, emotional disorders, and sleeping problems.

#3-3

⌈acid 산, 신랄한⌋ Most soda contains several ⌈types 종류, 유형⌋ of ⌈acids 산, 신랄한⌋.

Acid Most soda contains several types of acids.

⌈acid 산, 신랄한⌋ / is a ⌈chemical 화학적인, 화학물질⌋ ⌈substance 물질, 본질⌋ / with a ⌈sour 악화시키다, 신⌋ ⌈taste 맛보다, 맛⌋.

Acid is a chemical substance with a sour taste.

When added / to water, it produces a ⌈sharp 날카로운, 급격한⌋ ⌈flavor 맛, 향⌋.

When added to water, it produces a sharp flavor.

⌈acid 산, 신랄한⌋ also ⌈delays 지연시키다, 연기하다⌋ the growth of ⌈bacteria 박테리아, 세균⌋, which ⌈extends 연장하다, 확장하다⌋ the ⌈expiration 만기, 만료⌋ date of a product.

Acid also delays the growth of bacteria, which extends the expiration date of a product.

However, ⌈acid 산, 신랄한⌋ ⌈interferes 간섭하다, 방해하다⌋ / with the body's ability / to ⌈absorb 흡수하다, 열중하다⌋ ⌈calcium 칼슘⌋, / and / as a ⌈result 결국, 결과⌋, ⌈bone 뼈, 골격⌋ ⌈softening 완화시키다, 부드러워지다⌋ ⌈occurs 발생하다, 일어나다⌋.

However, acid interferes with the body's ability to absorb calcium, and as a result, bone softening occurs.

Also, the ⌈acid 산, 신랄한⌋ / in sodas interacts / with ⌈stomach 배, 위⌋ ⌈acid 산, 신랄한⌋, slowing ⌈digestion 소화, 소화력⌋ / and ⌈blocking 막다, 차단⌋ nutrient ⌈absorption 흡수, 몰두⌋.

Also, the acid in sodas interacts with stomach acid, slowing digestion and blocking nutrient absorption.

Furthermore, it / can ⌈damage 피해, 손상⌋ tooth ⌈enamel 에나멜, 법랑⌋, the hard ⌈substance 물질, 본질⌋ / that ⌈protects 보호하다, 지키다⌋ your ⌈teeth 치아⌋.

Furthermore, it can damage tooth enamel, the hard substance that protects your teeth.

If you drink sodas ⌈regularly 정기적으로, 규칙적으로⌋, your ⌈teeth 치아⌋ decay more ⌈easily 쉽게, 잘⌋.

If you drink sodas regularly, your teeth decay more easily.

#3-4

Caffeine When you hear the word “caffeine,”

Caffeine When you hear the word “caffeine,”

you most likely think of coffee.

you most likely think of coffee.

But some sodas, especially colas / and carbonated ⌈energy 에너지, 힘⌋ drinks, also contain caffeine.

But some sodas, especially colas and carbonated energy drinks, also contain caffeine.

Caffeine makes you feel more ⌈awake 깨다, 잠에서 깨다⌋, but it / may bring / about an ⌈irregular 비정규의, 불규칙의⌋ heartbeat.

Caffeine makes you feel more awake, but it may bring about an irregular heartbeat.

A ⌈single 하나의, 싱글⌋ / can of cola / may not ⌈affect 영향을 주다, 작용하다⌋ you much, but / if you ⌈consume 소비하다, 먹어치우다⌋ colas ⌈regularly 정기적으로, 규칙적으로⌋, they / can make you feel more ⌈nervous 긴장되는, 불안한⌋ / and keep you / from sleeping well / at night.

A single can of cola may not affect you much, but if you consume colas regularly, they can make you feel more nervous and keep you from sleeping well at night.

⌈artificial 인공의, 인위적인⌋ ⌈colors 색, 색깔⌋ / and ⌈artificial 인공의, 인위적인⌋ ⌈flavors 맛, 향⌋ Soft drink companies ⌈attract 끌다, 유치하다⌋ ⌈consumers 소비자, 고객⌋ by adding ⌈bright 밝은, 긍정적인⌋ ⌈colors 색, 색깔⌋ / and ⌈sweet 달콤한, 맛좋은⌋ ⌈flavors 맛, 향⌋ / to their products.

Artificial Colors and Artificial Flavors Soft drink companies attract consumers by adding bright colors and sweet flavors to their products.

Most of these ⌈colors 색, 색깔⌋ / and ⌈flavors 맛, 향⌋, however, / are not ⌈natural 자연의, 당연한⌋.

Most of these colors and flavors, however, are not natural.

They / are ⌈artificial 인공의, 인위적인⌋ ⌈chemicals 화학적인, 화학물질⌋.

They are artificial chemicals.

For example, the ⌈artificial 인공의, 인위적인⌋ ⌈color 색, 색깔⌋ Yellow No.

For example, the artificial color Yellow No.

6, used / in some pineapple juices, adds nothing / to the ⌈taste 맛보다, 맛⌋.

6, used in some pineapple juices, adds nothing to the taste.

It / is just there / to make the drink look pretty.

It is just there to make the drink look pretty.

Also, the ⌈artificial 인공의, 인위적인⌋ ⌈flavor 맛, 향⌋ / that gives the drink its pineapple ⌈taste 맛보다, 맛⌋ / is not real pineapple juice / at all.

Also, the artificial flavor that gives the drink its pineapple taste is not real pineapple juice at all.

Studies / have shown / that ⌈excessive 과도한, 지나친⌋ ⌈consumption 소비량, 소비⌋ of these kinds of ⌈chemicals 화학적인, 화학물질⌋ / can create problems / such as ⌈kidney 신장, 콩팥⌋ ⌈disease 질병, 병⌋ / and ADHD.

Studies have shown that excessive consumption of these kinds of chemicals can create problems such as kidney disease and ADHD.

#3-5

You / can see how the ⌈sugar 설탕, 당분⌋, the ⌈acid 산, 신랄한⌋, the caffeine, / and the ⌈artificial 인공의, 인위적인⌋ ⌈chemicals 화학적인, 화학물질⌋ / in sodas / are really not good for you.

You can see how the sugar, the acid, the caffeine, and the artificial chemicals in sodas are really not good for you.

Perhaps you / might now understand / that you / should stop drinking them.

Perhaps you might now understand that you should stop drinking them.

However, / if quitting sodas ⌈altogether 전적으로, 모두 함께⌋ sounds too ⌈difficult 어려운, 힘든⌋, cut down ⌈gradually 점차적으로, 점진적으로⌋.

However, if quitting sodas altogether sounds too difficult, cut down gradually.

For example, ⌈replace 대체하다, 교체하다⌋ one ⌈regular 정규의, 정기의⌋ soft drink or one ⌈diet 다이어트, 식단⌋ soda per day / with another more healthy drink.

For example, replace one regular soft drink or one diet soda per day with another more healthy drink.

Of course, the best ⌈choice 선택, 결정⌋ / would be water.

Of course, the best choice would be water.

Water / has no calories, no ⌈acid 산, 신랄한⌋, no caffeine, / and no ⌈chemicals 화학적인, 화학물질⌋ of any kind.

Water has no calories, no acid, no caffeine, and no chemicals of any kind.

And / if you want something / to add a boost of ⌈flavor 맛, 향⌋, put a ⌈slice 한 조각, 자르다⌋ of ⌈lemon 레몬, 불량품⌋ / in the water.

And if you want something to add a boost of flavor, put a slice of lemon in the water.

If you / can't ⌈break 깨다, 휴식⌋ your soda drinking habits / in a short period of time, / do be too hard / on yourself.

If you can't break your soda drinking habits in a short period of time, don't be too hard on yourself.

Once you start ⌈cutting 오려낸 것, 절단⌋ back, you / are heading / in the right ⌈direction 방향, 지시⌋.

Once you start cutting back, you are heading in the right direction.

#4-1

RFCx: the Rainforest Savior Imagine you / are standing / in a rainforest.

RFCx: the Rainforest Savior Imagine you are standing in a rainforest.

You / are ⌈surrounded 둘러싸다, 주변⌋ by ⌈tall 키, 키가 큰⌋ trees, many of which / are more / than 40 meters ⌈tall 키, 키가 큰⌋.

You are surrounded by tall trees, many of which are more than 40 meters tall.

You / are a hundred kilometers away / from the ⌈nearest 가장 가까운, 제일 가까운⌋ city.

You are a hundred kilometers away from the nearest city.

What / do you hear?

What do you hear?

Do you think it / is a ⌈quiet 조용히, 고요한⌋, peaceful place?

Do you think it is a quiet, peaceful place?

If so, you / are ⌈wrong 잘못된, 틀린⌋.

If so, you are wrong.

The rainforest / is actually a very ⌈noisy 시끄러운, 떠드는⌋ place.

The rainforest is actually a very noisy place.

Insects, birds, / and ⌈monkeys 원숭이⌋ / are ⌈responsible 책임이 있는, 담당의⌋ for much of this ⌈noise 소음, 소리⌋.

Insects, birds, and monkeys are responsible for much of this noise.

And sometimes there / is another sound, one / that ⌈/ does 암컷, Department Energy(에너지부)⌋ not ⌈belong 속하다, ~의 것이다⌋ / in the ⌈forest 숲, 삼림⌋ / at all.

And sometimes there is another sound, one that does not belong in the forest at all.

It / is the ⌈buzz 열광, 즐거운⌋ of a chainsaw.

It is the buzz of a chainsaw.

Every year some 13 million hectares of rainforest, an area / about the size of England, ⌈disappears 사라지다, 없어지다⌋.

Every year some 13 million hectares of rainforest, an area about the size of England, disappears.

#4-2

This loss ⌈destroys 파괴하다, 파멸시키다⌋ the habitats for millions of ⌈species 종, 종류⌋ / and / has a major effect / on the ⌈jungle 정글, 밀림⌋'s biodiversity.

This loss destroys the habitats for millions of species and has a major effect on the jungle's biodiversity.

Also, it ⌈increases 증가하다, 늘리다⌋ the ⌈amount 양, 되다⌋ of CO² / in the air.

Also, it increases the amount of CO² in the air.

Destruction of the rainforest / is caused by logging, farming, ⌈mining 채광, 광업⌋, / and other human activities.

Destruction of the rainforest is caused by logging, farming, mining, and other human activities.

Among these, logging / is the main ⌈reason 이유, 원인⌋ for ⌈nature 자연, 본성⌋'s loss.

Among these, logging is the main reason for nature's loss.

Some 70 / to 80 percent of the logging / in the rainforests / is thought / to be ⌈illegal 불법적인, 법으로 금지된⌋.

Some 70 to 80 percent of the logging in the rainforests is thought to be illegal.

To ⌈address 주소, 연설하다⌋ this problem, a young American ⌈engineer 기술자, 엔지니어⌋ / has ⌈invented 발명하다, 개발하다⌋ a simple ⌈device 장치, 기기⌋ / that ⌈detects 발견하다, 탐지하다⌋ ⌈illegal 불법적인, 법으로 금지된⌋ logging the ⌈moment 순간, 지금⌋ it ⌈occurs 발생하다, 일어나다⌋.

To address this problem, a young American engineer has invented a simple device that detects illegal logging the moment it occurs.

It all started / in 2011, / when Topher White visited Indonesia / as a ⌈volunteer 봉사하다, 자원하다⌋.

It all started in 2011, when Topher White visited Indonesia as a volunteer.

One day, he / and some of the other ⌈volunteers 봉사하다, 자원하다⌋ set out / from the ranger ⌈station 역, 정거장⌋ / on a walk / into a ⌈protected 보호하다, 지키다⌋ rainforest.

One day, he and some of the other volunteers set out from the ranger station on a walk into a protected rainforest.

After walking only five minutes, his group ⌈came 캠, 캠을 달다⌋ upon people who / were ⌈cutting 오려낸 것, 절단⌋ down trees illegally.

After walking only five minutes, his group came upon people who were cutting down trees illegally.

The ⌈surprised 놀란⌋ loggers ⌈fled flee의 과거·과거 분사형⌋, but White / was ⌈shocked 충격, 놀라게 하다⌋.

The surprised loggers fled, but White was shocked.

Despite the fact / that they / were still ⌈fairly 꽤, 공정하게⌋ close / to the ranger ⌈station 역, 정거장⌋, it had been ⌈impossible 불가능한, ~할 수 없는⌋ / to hear anything / from back there.

Despite the fact that they were still fairly close to the ranger station, it had been impossible to hear anything from back there.

It / is because the ⌈forest 숲, 삼림⌋ / was so full of other sounds.

It is because the forest was so full of other sounds.

#4-3

White started thinking / about ways / to help.

White started thinking about ways to help.

He knew / that even / in the ⌈jungle 정글, 밀림⌋, far / from the city, there / was good ⌈cell 세포, 전지⌋ phone service.

He knew that even in the jungle, far from the city, there was good cell phone service.

He thought / that perhaps ⌈cell 세포, 전지⌋ phone technology / could solve the problem.

He thought that perhaps cell phone technology could solve the problem.

After he ⌈returned 돌아오다, 복귀하다⌋ home / to the U.S., / in his father's ⌈garage 차고, 주차장⌋ he developed a small listening ⌈device 장치, 기기⌋ using an old ⌈cell 세포, 전지⌋ phone.

After he returned home to the U.S., in his father's garage he developed a small listening device using an old cell phone.

He ⌈attached 덧붙여진, 첨부된⌋ a ⌈sensitive 민감한, 섬세한⌋ microphone / to the ⌈cell 세포, 전지⌋ phone / so that it / could ⌈detect 발견하다, 탐지하다⌋ chainsaw ⌈noise 소음, 소리⌋ / from up / to three kilometers away.

He attached a sensitive microphone to the cell phone so that it could detect chainsaw noise from up to three kilometers away.

This ⌈device 장치, 기기⌋ / would be placed high up / in a tree.

This device would be placed high up in a tree.

When it ⌈picked 집었다, 뽑혔다⌋ up the ⌈buzz 열광, 즐거운⌋ of a saw, it / would ⌈send 보내다, 전하다⌋ a ⌈message 메시지, 메모⌋ / to a ranger's ⌈cell 세포, 전지⌋ phone.

When it picked up the buzz of a saw, it would send a message to a ranger's cell phone.

White knew / that he had / to ⌈protect 보호하다, 지키다⌋ the ⌈cell 세포, 전지⌋ phone / so that it / could ⌈survive 살아남다, 생존하다⌋ / in the hot / and ⌈wet 젖은, 습한⌋ rainforest ⌈environment 환경, 상황⌋.

White knew that he had to protect the cell phone so that it could survive in the hot and wet rainforest environment.

His ⌈solution 해결책, 방안⌋ / was / to put the phone / in a ⌈plastic 플라스틱, 비닐의⌋ box.

His solution was to put the phone in a plastic box.

Since there / was no ⌈electricity 전기, 전기학⌋ where the phone needed / to be placed, the ⌈device 장치, 기기⌋ had / to be able / to power itself.

Since there was no electricity where the phone needed to be placed, the device had to be able to power itself.

White ⌈attached 덧붙여진, 첨부된⌋ ⌈solar 태양의, 태양 에너지⌋ ⌈panels 위원단, 패널⌋ / to the ⌈cell 세포, 전지⌋ phone.

White attached solar panels to the cell phone.

He / was sure / that the ⌈panels 위원단, 패널⌋ / would work, even under the ⌈shade 그늘, 빗금친⌋ of the ⌈thick 두꺼운, 두께⌋ tree leaves.

He was sure that the panels would work, even under the shade of the thick tree leaves.

#4-4

White ⌈returned 돌아오다, 복귀하다⌋ / to Indonesia / to test the ⌈device 장치, 기기⌋.

White returned to Indonesia to test the device.

Surprisingly, / on only the second day after he installed the ⌈device 장치, 기기⌋, it ⌈picked 집었다, 뽑혔다⌋ up chainsaw ⌈noises 소음, 소리⌋.

Surprisingly, on only the second day after he installed the device, it picked up chainsaw noises.

An ⌈alert 경계, 주의하다⌋ ⌈message 메시지, 메모⌋ / was immediately sent / to White / and the ⌈forest 숲, 삼림⌋ rangers.

An alert message was immediately sent to White and the forest rangers.

When they ⌈approached 접근하다, 접근법⌋ the logging ⌈spot 장소, 위⌋, the ⌈illegal 불법적인, 법으로 금지된⌋ loggers ran away.

When they approached the logging spot, the illegal loggers ran away.

White ⌈published 출판하다, 출간하다⌋ his story / on the Internet / and word quickly ⌈spread 퍼지다, 확산되다⌋.

White published his story on the Internet and word quickly spread.

People living / in other countries ⌈contacted 연락, 접촉⌋ White / and asked / if they / could use the ⌈device 장치, 기기⌋.

People living in other countries contacted White and asked if they could use the device.

Others, / from around the world, started ⌈sending 보내다, 전하다⌋ him their old ⌈cell 세포, 전지⌋ phones so he / could build more ⌈devices 장치, 기기⌋.

Others, from around the world, started sending him their old cell phones so he could build more devices.

These ⌈devices 장치, 기기⌋, called Rainforest Connection (RFCx), / are now being used / in the rainforests / in Africa / and South America.

These devices, called Rainforest Connection (RFCx), are now being used in the rainforests in Africa and South America.

#4-5

One RFCx / can ⌈protect 보호하다, 지키다⌋ 300 hectares of ⌈forest 숲, 삼림⌋.

One RFCx can protect 300 hectares of forest.

If a ⌈forest 숲, 삼림⌋ of this size / is cut, 15,000 tons of CO² / are ⌈released 발표했다, 개봉된⌋ / into the air.

If a forest of this size is cut, 15,000 tons of CO² are released into the air.

Preventing this ⌈amount 양, 되다⌋ of CO² / from being ⌈released 발표했다, 개봉된⌋ / has the same effect / as taking 3,000 cars off the road for a year.

Preventing this amount of CO² from being released has the same effect as taking 3,000 cars off the road for a year.

These ⌈devices 장치, 기기⌋ / are ⌈saving 구조하는, 절약하는⌋ rainforests / and providing new life for thousands of ⌈discarded 버린⌋ ⌈cell 세포, 전지⌋ phones.

These devices are saving rainforests and providing new life for thousands of discarded cell phones.

Thanks / to Topher White / and his RFCx ⌈devices 장치, 기기⌋, the earth / is now a better place / to live.

Thanks to Topher White and his RFCx devices, the earth is now a better place to live.

#4-6

< CULTURE > World' Major Rainforests ⌈tropical 열대의⌋ rainforests / are ⌈located ~에 위치한⌋ near the ⌈equator 적도⌋ / and / have a warm / and ⌈wet 젖은, 습한⌋ ⌈climate 기후, 날씨⌋.

< CULTURE > World' Major Rainforests Tropical rainforests are located near the equator and have a warm and wet climate.

They cover only 6 percent of the earth' surface but produce 40 percent of the world' ⌈oxygen 산소⌋.

They cover only 6 percent of the earth' surface but produce 40 percent of the world' oxygen.

Also, more / than half of all plant / and animal ⌈species 종, 종류⌋ ⌈inhabit 거주하다, 서식하다⌋ rainforests.

Also, more than half of all plant and animal species inhabit rainforests.

1.

1.

Amazon Rainforest – the world' largest ⌈tropical 열대의⌋ rainforest – spanning across eight countries: Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana / and Suriname – habitat for millions of ⌈species 종, 종류⌋ ⌈including 포함해, 등⌋ 40,000 plant ⌈species 종, 종류⌋, 3,000 freshwater fish ⌈species 종, 종류⌋ / and more / than 370 ⌈types 종류, 유형⌋ of ⌈reptiles 파충류⌋ – home / to 350 ethnic groups 2.

Amazon Rainforest – the world' largest tropical rainforest – spanning across eight countries: Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana and Suriname – habitat for millions of species including 40,000 plant species, 3,000 freshwater fish species and more than 370 types of reptiles – home to 350 ethnic groups 2.

Congo River Basin Rainforest – the world' second-largest ⌈tropical 열대의⌋ rainforest – spanning across six countries: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea / and Gabon – habitat for 10,000 ⌈species 종, 종류⌋ of ⌈tropical 열대의⌋ plants, 400 ⌈species 종, 종류⌋ of mammals, 1,000 ⌈species 종, 종류⌋ of birds / and 700 ⌈species 종, 종류⌋ of fish – home / to 150 ethnic groups 3.

Congo River Basin Rainforest – the world' second-largest tropical rainforest – spanning across six countries: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon – habitat for 10,000 species of tropical plants, 400 species of mammals, 1,000 species of birds and 700 species of fish – home to 150 ethnic groups 3.

Rainforests of Southeast Asia – found / in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar, Laos / and Cambodia – habitat for 15,000 plant ⌈species 종, 종류⌋ / and hundreds of ⌈species 종, 종류⌋ of animals – home / to a ⌈variety 다양, 여러종류⌋ of ethnic groups

Rainforests of Southeast Asia – found in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia – habitat for 15,000 plant species and hundreds of species of animals – home to a variety of ethnic groups

#SP1-1

How Volunteering Abroad Changed My Life by Susan Shain I / was / about / to board a plane, / and I / was ⌈scared 무서운, 겁먹은⌋.

How Volunteering Abroad Changed My Life by Susan Shain I was about to board a plane, and I was scared.

Not because I / was ⌈afraid 두려운, ~인 것 같다⌋ of flying, but because I / was ⌈afraid 두려운, ~인 것 같다⌋ of what ⌈awaited 기다리고 있다, 기대하다⌋ me / at my ⌈destination 목적지, 목표⌋.

Not because I was afraid of flying, but because I was afraid of what awaited me at my destination.

“I / could turn around now,”

“I could turn around now,”

I said / to myself.

I said to myself.

“I / could just go back / to my part-time job / and / have a nice ⌈quiet 조용히, 고요한⌋ summer.”

“I could just go back to my part-time job and have a nice quiet summer.”

The year / was 2005.

The year was 2005.

The plane's ⌈destination 목적지, 목표⌋?

The plane's destination?

Tanzania.

Tanzania.

I'd never traveled anywhere so different before, / and I had no idea what / to ⌈expect 예상하다, 기대하다⌋.

I'd never traveled anywhere so different before, and I had no idea what to expect.

That ⌈scared 무서운, 겁먹은⌋ me.

That scared me.

But I had never been one / to turn away / from ⌈adventure 모험, 어드벤처⌋, so / when the rest of my group started boarding, I / did, too.

But I had never been one to turn away from adventure, so when the rest of my group started boarding, I did, too.

Little / did I know / that the next six weeks / would change my life ⌈forever 영원히, 항상⌋.

Little did I know that the next six weeks would change my life forever.

#SP1-2

What ⌈volunteering 봉사하다, 자원하다⌋ / in Tanzania Was Like I traveled / to Tanzania / as part of a university ⌈program 프로그램, 계획⌋ the summer after my freshman year.

What Volunteering in Tanzania Was Like I traveled to Tanzania as part of a university program the summer after my freshman year.

We ⌈spent 보냈다, 지출했다⌋ several weeks ⌈volunteering 봉사하다, 자원하다⌋ / at a ⌈community 사회, 공동체⌋ center / and an orphanage.

We spent several weeks volunteering at a community center and an orphanage.

Though we / did many other ⌈exciting 흥미진진한, 신나는⌋ things like going / on safari / and climbing Mt.

Though we did many other exciting things like going on safari and climbing Mt.

Kilimanjaro, it / was our ⌈volunteering 봉사하다, 자원하다⌋ time / that stuck / with me.

Kilimanjaro, it was our volunteering time that stuck with me.

⌈volunteering 봉사하다, 자원하다⌋ allowed me / to truly ⌈connect 연결하다, 이어지다⌋ / with the people / in Tanzania.

Volunteering allowed me to truly connect with the people in Tanzania.

If I had not ⌈volunteered 봉사하다, 자원하다⌋, I / would never / have got an ⌈inside 내부, 안쪽⌋ look / at their way of life.

If I had not volunteered, I would never have got an inside look at their way of life.

By ⌈volunteering 봉사하다, 자원하다⌋, I became part of the ⌈lives 살다, 삶⌋ of local families — ⌈sharing 서로 나누어 가지기⌋ meals, playing / with their kids, / and visiting their homes.

By volunteering, I became part of the lives of local families — sharing meals, playing with their kids, and visiting their homes.

These experiences / were eye-opening, ⌈educational 교육의⌋, / and ⌈inspiring 고무하는, 감동시키는⌋: – eye-opening / to see how few ⌈possessions 소유, 재산⌋ they had, yet how much love / and personal ⌈strength 힘, 강점⌋ they had – ⌈educational 교육의⌋ / to experience their ⌈culture 문화, 문명⌋: I learned / to cook ugali, ⌈milk 우유, 모유⌋ a ⌈cow 소, 젖소⌋, / and ⌈wear 입다, 쓰다⌋ a kanga – ⌈inspiring 고무하는, 감동시키는⌋ / to ⌈witness 보다, 목격자⌋ their close family ⌈ties 관계, 연결짓다⌋ / and endless positivity ⌈volunteering 봉사하다, 자원하다⌋ ⌈abroad 해외에, 외국에⌋ ⌈taught 가르쳤다, 배웠다⌋ me so much / about the world / and / about myself.

These experiences were eye-opening, educational, and inspiring: – eye-opening to see how few possessions they had, yet how much love and personal strength they had – educational to experience their culture: I learned to cook ugali, milk a cow, and wear a kanga – inspiring to witness their close family ties and endless positivity Volunteering abroad taught me so much about the world and about myself.

I ⌈grew 자랐다, 성장했다⌋ more / in those few weeks / than I / did my ⌈entire 전체의, 내내⌋ first year of college.

I grew more in those few weeks than I did my entire first year of college.

#SP1-3

How ⌈volunteering 봉사하다, 자원하다⌋ ⌈abroad 해외에, 외국에⌋ Changed Me These / are what ⌈volunteering 봉사하다, 자원하다⌋ gave me: ⌈gratitude 감사, 고마움⌋ for what I / have When I ⌈returned 돌아오다, 복귀하다⌋ home, I ⌈literally 말그대로, 문자 그대로⌋ hugged my ⌈toilet 화장실, 화장의⌋, / and I cried during my first hot shower.

How Volunteering Abroad Changed Me These are what volunteering gave me: Gratitude for what I have When I returned home, I literally hugged my toilet, and I cried during my first hot shower.

I / did / have these things / in Tanzania.

I didn't have these things in Tanzania.

To this day, I sometimes say a ⌈silent 침묵의, 조용한⌋ “Thank you”

To this day, I sometimes say a silent “Thank you”

/ as I turn / on the ⌈tap 가볍게 두드리다, 수도꼭지⌋ / to get a drink of water.

as I turn on the tap to get a drink of water.

⌈volunteering 봉사하다, 자원하다⌋ gave me deep ⌈gratitude 감사, 고마움⌋ for the ⌈comforts 위로, 편안함⌋ / and opportunities I used / to take for granted.

Volunteering gave me deep gratitude for the comforts and opportunities I used to take for granted.

Appreciation for new ⌈cultures 문화, 문명⌋ The local people / are ⌈welcoming 환영하는, 우호적인⌋, ⌈strong 강한⌋, / and overwhelmingly ⌈positive 긍정적인⌋.

Appreciation for new cultures The local people are welcoming, strong, and overwhelmingly positive.

Their ⌈language 언어⌋, ⌈clothing 천, 옷감⌋, / and ⌈culture 문화, 문명⌋ / are ⌈beautiful 아름다운, 멋있는⌋.

Their language, clothing, and culture are beautiful.

Growing up / in ⌈rural 시골의, 농업의⌋ New York State, I had never before experienced people so different / from me.

Growing up in rural New York State, I had never before experienced people so different from me.

During my time / in Tanzania, I learned / to appreciate those differences.

During my time in Tanzania, I learned to appreciate those differences.

⌈volunteering 봉사하다, 자원하다⌋ ⌈abroad 해외에, 외국에⌋ ⌈taught 가르쳤다, 배웠다⌋ me the beauty of ⌈diversity 다양성, 상이⌋.

Volunteering abroad taught me the beauty of diversity.

#SP1-4

Hunger for ⌈exploration 탐사, 탐험⌋ Though I / was ⌈happy 행복한, 기쁜⌋ / to ⌈return 돌아오다, 복귀하다⌋ home, I / was ⌈confident 자신 있는, 확신하는⌋ it / would not be my last ⌈adventure 모험, 어드벤처⌋.

Hunger for exploration Though I was happy to return home, I was confident it would not be my last adventure.

I knew I wanted / to ⌈continue 계속하다, 지속시키다⌋ exploring, meeting people / from different ⌈backgrounds 배경, 출신⌋, trying new foods, / and ⌈discovering 발견하다, 알다⌋ ⌈unique 독특한, 특별한⌋ ⌈landscapes 풍경, 지역⌋.

I knew I wanted to continue exploring, meeting people from different backgrounds, trying new foods, and discovering unique landscapes.

It ⌈made 화난, 미친⌋ me a travel addict.

It made me a travel addict.

Commitment / to helping people I / will be honest: Volunteering feels good.

Commitment to helping people I will be honest: Volunteering feels good.

Giving back / to others / and seeing the smiles / on their faces / is a feeling unmatched by anything else.

Giving back to others and seeing the smiles on their faces is a feeling unmatched by anything else.

After experiencing this / in Tanzania, I decided / to help people wherever / and whenever I / could for them / and for myself.

After experiencing this in Tanzania, I decided to help people wherever and whenever I could for them and for myself.

It / is something I try / to do every day.

It is something I try to do every day.

#SP1-5

It / has now been 10 years / since I traveled / to Tanzania, / and these ⌈principles 원칙, 원리⌋ still ⌈guide 안내하다, 가이드⌋ me.

It has now been 10 years since I traveled to Tanzania, and these principles still guide me.

I graduated / from college / in 2008, / and ever / since, I / have been working / and traveling around the world.

I graduated from college in 2008, and ever since, I have been working and traveling around the world.

I / have ⌈volunteered 봉사하다, 자원하다⌋ everywhere / from Korea / to France / to Nicaragua / to North Carolina.

I have volunteered everywhere from Korea to France to Nicaragua to North Carolina.

I practice ⌈gratitude 감사, 고마움⌋ ⌈daily 매일의, 일상적인⌋ / and / am always trying / to meet new people / and learn / about different ways of life.

I practice gratitude daily and am always trying to meet new people and learn about different ways of life.

Sometimes I wonder what my life / would be like / if I had not got / on / that plane / to East Africa.

Sometimes I wonder what my life would be like if I had not got on that plane to East Africa.

Would I / have ever tasted ugali, danced / with the Masai, or ⌈bathed 목욕, 목욕물⌋ an elephant?

Would I have ever tasted ugali, danced with the Masai, or bathed an elephant?

Would I be the person I / am today?

Would I be the person I am today?

I / will never know the answers / to these questions.

I will never know the answers to these questions.

But I / do know I / will be ⌈forever 영원히, 항상⌋ ⌈grateful 감사하는, 고마운⌋ I got / on / that plane.

But I do know I will be forever grateful I got on that plane.

⌈volunteering 봉사하다, 자원하다⌋ ⌈abroad 해외에, 외국에⌋ led me / to the life I / have today — which I / would change for anything.

Volunteering abroad led me to the life I have today — which I wouldn't change for anything.

#SP1-6

< ADDITIONAL READING > The ⌈secret 비밀, 숨겨진⌋ / to ⌈happiness 행복, 만족⌋ There / is a Chinese saying / that goes: “If you want ⌈happiness 행복, 만족⌋ for an hour, take a ⌈nap 낮잠⌋ If you want ⌈happiness 행복, 만족⌋ for a day, go fishing If you want ⌈happiness 행복, 만족⌋ for a year, ⌈inherit 물려받다, 이어받다⌋ a ⌈fortune 재산, 행운⌋ If you want ⌈happiness 행복, 만족⌋ for the rest of your life, help somebody”

< ADDITIONAL READING > The Secret to Happiness There is a Chinese saying that goes: “If you want happiness for an hour, take a nap If you want happiness for a day, go fishing If you want happiness for a year, inherit a fortune If you want happiness for the rest of your life, help somebody”

For centuries, the greatest thinkers / have suggested the same thing: ⌈happiness 행복, 만족⌋ / is found / in helping others And so we learn early: It / is better / to give / than / to ⌈receive 받다, 수상하다⌋ But / is there a deeper ⌈truth 진실, 사실⌋ behind this ⌈statement 발표, 말함⌋?

For centuries, the greatest thinkers have suggested the same thing: Happiness is found in helping others And so we learn early: It is better to give than to receive But is there a deeper truth behind this statement?

The answer / is yes Scientific research ⌈provides 제공하다, 공급하다⌋ ⌈convincing 설득력있는, 납득이 가는⌋ ⌈data 자료, 데이터⌋ / to support the ⌈evidence 증거, 근거⌋ / that giving / is a powerful ⌈path 길, 경로⌋ / to lasting ⌈happiness 행복, 만족⌋ Researchers / have found / that the areas / in our ⌈brains 뇌, 두뇌⌋ / that feel pleasure become activated / when we give —meaning / that besides doing good, donating our money or time actually makes us feel good This feeling / is similar / to a “runner's high,”

The answer is yes Scientific research provides convincing data to support the evidence that giving is a powerful path to lasting happiness Researchers have found that the areas in our brains that feel pleasure become activated when we give —meaning that besides doing good, donating our money or time actually makes us feel good This feeling is similar to a “runner's high,”

a ⌈term 임기, 말하다⌋ created for / that feel-good ⌈sensation 센세이션, 감각⌋ / that ⌈rushes 서두르다, 급한⌋ through your body after a run They use the ⌈term 임기, 말하다⌋ “helper's high”

a term created for that feel-good sensation that rushes through your body after a run They use the term “helper's high”

/ to ⌈describe 묘사하다, 설명하다⌋ what happens / to your body / and your ⌈brain 뇌, 두뇌⌋ / when you / are kind / to another person or give / to them / in some way Helping others / may just be the ⌈secret 비밀, 숨겨진⌋ / to living a life / that / is not only happier but also healthier, wealthier, more ⌈productive 생산적인, 건설적인⌋, / and meaningful.

to describe what happens to your body and your brain when you are kind to another person or give to them in some way Helping others may just be the secret to living a life that is not only happier but also healthier, wealthier, more productive, and meaningful.

#SP1-7

< CULTURE > Volunteers around the World Mealshare Mealshare / is a non-profit ⌈organization 단체, 기구⌋ founded by two young men / from Canada / in 2013.

< CULTURE > Volunteers around the World Mealshare Mealshare is a non-profit organization founded by two young men from Canada in 2013.

With “uy One, Give One”motto, Mealshare partners / with ⌈restaurants 식당, 레스토랑⌋, / and places its ⌈symbol 상징, 기호⌋ next / to a few ⌈menu 메뉴, 요리⌋ ⌈items 물품, 품목⌋.

With “uy One, Give One”motto, Mealshare partners with restaurants, and places its symbol next to a few menu items.

When a ⌈customer 고객, 소비자⌋ orders a Mealshare ⌈item 물품, 품목⌋, the ⌈restaurant 식당, 레스토랑⌋ ⌈donates 기부하다, 기증하다⌋ $1 / to Mealshare.

When a customer orders a Mealshare item, the restaurant donates $1 to Mealshare.

With the ⌈⌈collected 수집하다, 모으다⌋ 침착한, 모은⌋ money, meals for people / in need / are served.

With the collected money, meals for people in need are served.

Teens for Jeans Started by a non-profit ⌈organization 단체, 기구⌋, it / is a ⌈campaign 선거 운동, 캠페인⌋ / in which teenagers / in the U.S. ⌈collect 수집하다, 모으다⌋ ⌈pairs 짝지어주다, 한 쌍⌋ of jeans / and give them / to local homeless youth.

Teens for Jeans Started by a non-profit organization, it is a campaign in which teenagers in the U.S. collect pairs of jeans and give them to local homeless youth.

Many schools / and teenagers / have donated over five million ⌈pairs 짝지어주다, 한 쌍⌋ of jeans / since the ⌈campaign 선거 운동, 캠페인⌋ started / in 2008.

Many schools and teenagers have donated over five million pairs of jeans since the campaign started in 2008.

COASTSWEEP It / is an ⌈international 국제적인, 인터내셔널⌋ ⌈clean 깨끗한, 청소하다⌋-up ⌈campaign 선거 운동, 캠페인⌋ ⌈organized 비품 등을 갖춘, 정리된⌋ / in the U.S. Volunteers ⌈gather 모이다, 수집하다⌋ for the ⌈clean 깨끗한, 청소하다⌋-up / and / are ⌈provided 제공된, 만약 ~이면⌋ / with ⌈cleaning 깨끗한, 청소하다⌋ ⌈tools 도구, 수단⌋ / such as ⌈plastic 플라스틱, 비닐의⌋ ⌈gloves 장갑, 글러브⌋ / and bags.

COASTSWEEP It is an international clean-up campaign organized in the U.S. Volunteers gather for the clean-up and are provided with cleaning tools such as plastic gloves and bags.

Volunteers record what they ⌈pick 고르다, 선택하다⌋ up / and the ⌈data 자료, 데이터⌋ / is used / to find out the ⌈sources 정보원, 원천⌋ of ⌈trash 쓰레기, 버리다⌋, / and / to study how / to ⌈reduce 줄이다, 감소시키다⌋ ⌈trash 쓰레기, 버리다⌋.

Volunteers record what they pick up and the data is used to find out the sources of trash, and to study how to reduce trash.

👍🏿VOCAB. 여러번 쓰면서 연습하세요!!!
abroad 외국에
absorb 흡수하다;열중하게
absorption 흡수
activat
addict 중독자
addition 추가;부가
address 다루다;처리하다
advent
adventure 모험
affect 영향을 미치다
aid 도움
alert
amount 금액;양
appearanc
appreciate 이해하다
approach 다가가다;접근하다
arrangement 배열;준비
artificial 인공의
practice 관행;연습
attach 붙이다
attach 붙이다;첨부하다
attract 마음을 끌다
await 기다리다
award 상주다
background 배경;경력
boost
chemical 화학의
client 고객;단골
comparison 비교
competition 경쟁;시합
competitive 경재의;경쟁적인
confide
confident 자신이 있는;자신만만한
consumption 소비
convenience 편리함
convinc 확신시키다
cooperate 협력하다
cooperation 협력
cooperative 협력적인
decay 쇠퇴하다;부패하다
degree 정도
delay 늦추다;연기하다
deliver 배달하다
destination 목적지
detect 탐지하다
diabet
differ
digest 소화하다
digestion 소화
direction 방향
disappear 사라지다
discard 버리다
disorder 무질서;이상
display 전시하다
diversity 다양성
donat
educational 교육적인
efficient 효율적인
elect 선출하다
electric 전기의
electricity 전기
embarrass 당황하게
embarrassed 당황한 당황하게
embarrassing 당혹스럽게 하는 당황하게
encounter (우연히) 만나다
entire 전체의
equator 적도
establish 확립하다;설치하다
ethnic 민족의;인종의
evidence 증거
exceed 능가하다
excess 초과;과잉
excessive 지나친
exist 존재하다
expir
expiration
explor 탐구하다
exploration 탐험
extend 확대하다
fair 공정한;상당한
fairly 매우
financial 재정의;금융의
fit 감정폭발;적당한
flow 흐르다;넘쳐흐르다
fort 요새
foster 육성하다;기르다
frighten 깜짝놀라게 하다;무섭게
gene 유전자
generate 생성하다
gradual 단계적인;점차적인
gradually 점차적으로
graduate
graduated
grain 곡물
grant 주다
grateful 고마워하는;감사의
habitat 서식지;거주지
headache 두통
heal 치료하다
highway 고속도로
hung
hunger 굶주림;배고픔
illegal 불법의
immediate 즉각적인
inaccurate 부정확한
including (전치사)포함하여
ingredient 재료요소
inhabit 거주하다;살다
inherit 물려받다
inspir 영감을주다
inspiration 영감
intake 섭취
interact 상호작용하다
interfere
international 국제적인
literal 글자대로의
matter 문제;중요하다
meaningful 의미있는
means 수단
mislead 오도하다
mode 방식
modernize 현대화하다
moment 순간
movement 움직임;운동
nutrient 영양물;영양제
obesity 비만
occup
occupy 점유하다;점령하다
occur 발생하다
organ 오르간;장기
organiz 정리하다
organized 정리하다
origin 기원;유래
orphan 고아
overwhelm 압도하다
pack 짐을 싸다
pat 쓰다듬다;애무하다
plea
plenty
possess 소유하다 소유하다
possession 소유;소유물
predator
prevail
priest 성직자
principle 원리
process 처리
productive 생산적인;비옥한
protect 보호하다
provided 제공하다
publish 출판하다;발표하다
quest 탐구
rainforest 열대우림
range 범위;영역
reality 현실
recipe
recognize 인식하다
recommend 추천하다
reference 언급;참조
refresh
regard 간주하다
register 등록시키다;등록하다
regular
regularly 규칙적으로
release ~을 배출하다;~을 석방하다
remedy
remind
reptile
require 요구하다;필요로
responsible 책임감 있는
responsive 반응하는
scare 놀라게하다;놀라다
selfish 이기적인
sensation 감각
sensitive 민감한
shade 그늘;응달
sharp 명백한
shock 충격을 주다
silent 조용한;침묵의
slic
soften
solar
source 원천;근원
statement 진술
straight
stuck 꼼짝못하는
substance 물질
sum
surf 검색하다
surround 둘러싸다
survive 살아남다
tie 매다;묶다
tropical 열대의
trust 신뢰;신용
typical 전형적인
universal 우주의;전세계의
variation 변화
variety 다양성
weigh 무게가 나가다
2018 All Rights Reserved. Written by Wayne