1862 본문읽기 20
카테고리 없음2023. 5. 22. 14:57
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1862-36
Many years ago I visited the chief investment officer of a large financial firm, who had just invested some tens of millions of dollars in the stock of the ABC Motor Company. When I asked how he had made that decision, he replied that he had recently attended an automobile show and had been impressed. He said, "Boy, they do know how to make a car!" His response made it very clear that he trusted his gut feeling and was satisfied with himself and with his decision. I found it remarkable that he had apparently not considered the one question that an economist would call relevant: Is the ABC stock currently underpriced? Instead, he had listened to his intuition; he liked the cars, he liked the company, and he liked the idea of owning its stock. From what we know about the accuracy of stock picking, it is reasonable to believe that he did not know what he was doing.
1862-37
You may be wondering why people prefer to prioritize internal disposition over external situations when seeking causes to explain behaviour. One answer is simplicity. Thinking of an internal cause for a person's behaviour is easy — the strict teacher is a stubborn person, the devoted parents just love their kids. In contrast, situational explanations can be complex. Perhaps the teacher appears stubborn because she's seen the consequences of not trying hard in generations of students and wants to develop self-discipline in them. Perhaps the parents who're boasting of the achievements of their children are anxious about their failures, and conscious of the cost of their school fees. These situational factors require knowledge, insight, and time to think through. Whereas, jumping to a dispositional attribution is far easier.
1862-38
A child bounces up to you holding her school work; perhaps she's your daughter, cousin, or neighbour. She proudly shows you a big red A at the bottom of her test paper. How do you praise her? For decades, people have been told that praise is vital for happy and healthy children and that the most important job in raising a child is nurturing her self-esteem. Recently, however, some researchers found that how people are praised is very important. They discovered that if you say "What a very clever girl you are" to the child showing you an A, you may cause her more harm than good. For your children to succeed and be happy, you need to convince them that success comes from effort, not from some talent that they're born with or without.
1862-39
The body has an effective system of natural defence against parasites, called the immune system. The immune system is so complicated that it would take a whole book to explain it. Briefly, when it senses a dangerous parasite, the body is mobilized to produce special cells, which are carried by the blood into battle like a kind of army. Usually the immune system wins, and the person recovers. After that, the immune system remembers the molecular equipment that it developed for that particular battle, and any following infection by the same kind of parasite is beaten off so quickly that we don't notice it. That is why, once you have had a disease like the measles or chicken pox, you're unlikely to get it again.
1862-40
The wife of American physiologist Hudson Hoagland became sick with a severe flu. Dr・ Hoagland was curious enough to notice that whenever he left his wife's room for a short while, she complained that he had been gone for a long time. In the interest of scientific investigation, he asked his wife to count to 60, with each count corresponding to what she felt was one second, while he kept a record of her temperature. His wife reluctantly accepted and he quickly noticed that the hotter she was, the faster she counted. When her temperature was 38 degrees Celsius, for instance, she counted to 60 in 45 seconds. He repeated the experiment a few more times, and found that when her temperature reached 39_5 degrees Celsius, she counted one minute in just 37 seconds. The doctor thought that his wife must have some kind of 'internal clock' inside her brain that ran faster as the fever went up.
Many years ago I visited the chief investment officer of a large financial firm, who had just invested some tens of millions of dollars in the stock of the ABC Motor Company. When I asked how he had made that decision, he replied that he had recently attended an automobile show and had been impressed. He said, "Boy, they do know how to make a car!" His response made it very clear that he trusted his gut feeling and was satisfied with himself and with his decision. I found it remarkable that he had apparently not considered the one question that an economist would call relevant: Is the ABC stock currently underpriced? Instead, he had listened to his intuition; he liked the cars, he liked the company, and he liked the idea of owning its stock. From what we know about the accuracy of stock picking, it is reasonable to believe that he did not know what he was doing.
1862-37
You may be wondering why people prefer to prioritize internal disposition over external situations when seeking causes to explain behaviour. One answer is simplicity. Thinking of an internal cause for a person's behaviour is easy — the strict teacher is a stubborn person, the devoted parents just love their kids. In contrast, situational explanations can be complex. Perhaps the teacher appears stubborn because she's seen the consequences of not trying hard in generations of students and wants to develop self-discipline in them. Perhaps the parents who're boasting of the achievements of their children are anxious about their failures, and conscious of the cost of their school fees. These situational factors require knowledge, insight, and time to think through. Whereas, jumping to a dispositional attribution is far easier.
1862-38
A child bounces up to you holding her school work; perhaps she's your daughter, cousin, or neighbour. She proudly shows you a big red A at the bottom of her test paper. How do you praise her? For decades, people have been told that praise is vital for happy and healthy children and that the most important job in raising a child is nurturing her self-esteem. Recently, however, some researchers found that how people are praised is very important. They discovered that if you say "What a very clever girl you are" to the child showing you an A, you may cause her more harm than good. For your children to succeed and be happy, you need to convince them that success comes from effort, not from some talent that they're born with or without.
1862-39
The body has an effective system of natural defence against parasites, called the immune system. The immune system is so complicated that it would take a whole book to explain it. Briefly, when it senses a dangerous parasite, the body is mobilized to produce special cells, which are carried by the blood into battle like a kind of army. Usually the immune system wins, and the person recovers. After that, the immune system remembers the molecular equipment that it developed for that particular battle, and any following infection by the same kind of parasite is beaten off so quickly that we don't notice it. That is why, once you have had a disease like the measles or chicken pox, you're unlikely to get it again.
1862-40
The wife of American physiologist Hudson Hoagland became sick with a severe flu. Dr・ Hoagland was curious enough to notice that whenever he left his wife's room for a short while, she complained that he had been gone for a long time. In the interest of scientific investigation, he asked his wife to count to 60, with each count corresponding to what she felt was one second, while he kept a record of her temperature. His wife reluctantly accepted and he quickly noticed that the hotter she was, the faster she counted. When her temperature was 38 degrees Celsius, for instance, she counted to 60 in 45 seconds. He repeated the experiment a few more times, and found that when her temperature reached 39_5 degrees Celsius, she counted one minute in just 37 seconds. The doctor thought that his wife must have some kind of 'internal clock' inside her brain that ran faster as the fever went up.
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