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OL12
주간영재
가끔은 혁신을 추구하다 실수할 때도 있습니다. 하지만 빨리 인정하고 다른 혁신을 개선해 나가는 것이 최선입니다. Sometimes when you innovate, you make mistakes. It is best to admit them quickly, and get on with improving your other innovations. -스티브 잡스
필수 단어
adjust 적응시키다 조정하다
afflicted 괴롭히다/가하다
complicate 복잡하게 하다
constantly 계속/끊임없이
contributing 공헌하다
corrective 교정하는
countryside 시골/지방
declines 감소하다
desires 바라다
discrimination 차별/편견
embark 배를 타다/시작하다
entire 완전한/전체의
gentry 신사 계급/상류 사회
highway 고속도로/간선도로
individual 개인의
instrument 기구/수단
itinerant 순회하는
journey 여행/여정
least 가장 적은/최소의
lens 렌즈/시점
lightbulb 전구
minicomputers 소형컴
necessitating ~을 필요로하다
objects 물건/대상
occasions 경우/기회
panel 위원단/패널
perform 공연하다
pondered ~을 깊이 생각하다
poorer 더 가난한
poses 포즈/제기하다
practitioner 개업자
presbyopia 노안
prior 앞의/이전의
profession 직업/직종
rarely 거의 ~하지 않는
refocusing 다시초점을맞추
remind 상기시키다/생각나게 하다
rural 농업의/시골의
spectrum 스펙트럼
stationary 정지된/고정된
stiffen 강화하다
travelling 이동/이동하는(순회하는)
troupe 일행/일단
uncertain 불확실한/불투명한
urban 도시의/도심의
vagabond 방랑하는/방랑자
필! 어휘의 이해
adjust
afflicted
complicate
constantly
contributing
corrective
countryside
declines
desires
discrimination
embark
entire
era
gentry
highway
individual
instrument
itinerant
journey
least
lens
lightbulb
minicomputers
necessitating
objects
occasions
panel
perform
pondered
poorer
poses
practitioner
presbyopia
prior
profession
rarely
refocusing
remind
rural
spectrum
stationary
stiffen
travelling
troupe
uncertain
urban
vagabond
주간 필수문법
♕ Ving
연구결과, <동→명→형→부>?의 빈도로 나타난다. ▽
∙This is what causes difficulty in seeing close objects clearly (called presbyopia), necessitating either longer arms or corrective lenses.
∙Because drivers are constantly changing their focus from the instrument panel to other autos and signs on the highway, older drivers may miss important information because of their slower refocusing time.
♕ Ved/PP
#동→형→부? #Had_pp
∙This is what causes difficulty in seeing close objects clearly (called presbyopia), necessitating either longer arms or corrective lenses.
∙Every great thing that was ever started began in uncertainty.
♕ To
<명→형→부→전명→5V보어>?
∙We must remind ourselves that there are two possible ends to every uncertain journey we embark upon.
∙In order to bring our ideas or dreams to life, we have to expect fear and uncertainty, welcome it in, and know that once we face it, it no longer has a hold on us.
∙Either we learn a lesson that brings us one step closer to our true desires or we reach the point we set out for.
∙Because drivers are constantly changing their focus from the instrument panel to other autos and signs on the highway, older drivers may miss important information because of their slower refocusing time.
♕ Conj
<명접→형접→부접>? ex)that=접/관/동/부
∙Prior to the modern era, the Chinese actor, whether rural amateur or urban professional, rarely enjoyed the respect that society pays him or her today.
∙This is what causes difficulty in seeing close objects clearly (called presbyopia), necessitating either longer arms or corrective lenses.
∙We must remind ourselves that there are two possible ends to every uncertain journey we embark upon.
∙Either we learn a lesson that brings us one step closer to our true desires or we reach the point we set out for.
∙Every great thing that was ever started began in uncertainty.
♕ It
<대명→가주→가목→강조>?
∙In order to bring our ideas or dreams to life, we have to expect fear and uncertainty, welcome it in, and know that once we face it, it no longer has a hold on us.
주간 필수문법AB
1. He often became an itinerant performer, [travelling / travelled]1 among small towns and rural villages to perform during festivals or to celebrate important occasions in the lives of the local gentry.
2. Steve Jobs pondered, "Is there a need for this" and now we have minicomputers [that / what / how]1 fit in our pockets.
3. Either we learn a lesson that brings us one step closer [ouring / to our]2 true desires or we reach the point we set out for.
4. New Year, and other festival times. Every great thing that was ever [starting / started]2 began in uncertainty.
5. Either we learn a lesson [that / what / how]1 brings us one step closer to our true desires or we reach the point we set out for.
6. Until recently, in fact, a theater practitioner could hardly earn his [living / lived]1 with one stationary troupe.
7. New Year, and other festival times. Every great thing [that / what / how]1 was ever started began in uncertainty.
8. This is what causes difficulty in [seing / seen]1 close objects clearly ( [calling / called]2 presbyopia), [necessitating / necessitated]1 either longer arms or corrective lenses.
9. As we grow older, the eye lens becomes more yellow, [causing / caused]1 poorer color discrimination in the green-blue-violet end of the spectrum.
10. Prior to the modern era, the Chinese actor, whether rural amateur or urban professional, rarely enjoyed the respect [that / what / how]1 society pays him or her today.
11. This also poses a major problem in driving. Because drivers are constantly [changing / changed]1 their focus from the instrument panel to other autos and signs on the highway, older drivers may miss important information because of their slower [refocusing / refocused]1 time.
12. Prior to the modern era, the Chinese actor, whether rural amateur or urban professional, rarely [enjoying / enjoyed]2 the respect that society pays him or her today.
13. Most individual actors were at least part-time itinerants, contributing to the image of the vagabond good-for-nothing [that / what / how]1 afflicted his profession for centuries.
14. This is [that / what / how]2 causes difficulty in seing close objects clearly (called presbyopia), necessitating either longer arms or corrective lenses.
15. Steve Jobs pondered, "Is there a need for this" and now we have minicomputers that fit in our pockets. In order [bringing / to bring]2 our ideas or dreams to life, we have [expecting / to expect]2 fear and uncertainty, welcome it in, and know that once we face it, it no longer has a hold on us.
16. Most individual actors were at least part-time itinerants, [contributing / contributed]1 to the image of the vagabond good-for-nothing that [afflicting / afflicted]2 his profession for centuries.
17. We must remind ourselves [that / what / how]1 there are two possible ends to every uncertain journey we embark upon.
18. He often became an itinerant performer, travelling among small towns and rural villages to perform during festivals or [celebrating / to celebrate]2 important occasions in the lives of the local gentry.
주간 어려운 문장
<7> Prior to the modern era, the Chinese actor, whether rural amateur or urban professional, rarely enjoyed the respect that society pays him or her today. [올림 12-3]
<7> He often became an itinerant performer, travelling among small towns and rural villages to perform during festivals or to celebrate important occasions in the lives of the local gentry. [올림 12-3]
<7> Most individual actors were at least part-time itinerants, contributing to the image of the vagabond good-for-nothing that afflicted his profession for centuries. [올림 12-3]
<6> As we grow older, the eye lens becomes more yellow, causing poorer color discrimination in the green-blue-violet end of the spectrum. [올림 12-3]
<6> This is what causes difficulty in seeing close objects clearly (called presbyopia), necessitating either longer arms or corrective lenses. [올림 12-3]
<7> Because drivers are constantly changing their focus from the instrument panel to other autos and signs on the highway, older drivers may miss important information because of their slower refocusing time. [올림 12-3]
어렵문! 어순의 배열
1. Prior [modern / to / era, / the] the [rural / whether / actor, / Chinese] amateur [or / professional, / urban / rarely] enjoyed [respect / that / society / the] pays [her / today / or / him].
Prior to the modern era, the Chinese actor, whether rural amateur or urban professional, rarely enjoyed the respect that society pays him or her today.
2. He [became / itinerant / an / often] performer, [among / small / travelling / towns] and [to / perform / villages / rural] during [celebrate / or / to / festivals] important [the / lives / occasions / in] of [local / the / gentry].
He often became an itinerant performer, travelling among small towns and rural villages to perform during festivals or to celebrate important occasions in the lives of the local gentry.
3. Most [individual / were / actors / at] least [to / part-time / itinerants, / contributing] the [of / vagabond / the / image] good-for-nothing [his / profession / that / afflicted] for centuries.
Most individual actors were at least part-time itinerants, contributing to the image of the vagabond good-for-nothing that afflicted his profession for centuries.
4. As [older, / the / grow / we] eye [more / lens / yellow, / becomes] causing [discrimination / color / poorer / in] the [end / green-blue-violet / of / the] spectrum.
As we grow older, the eye lens becomes more yellow, causing poorer color discrimination in the green-blue-violet end of the spectrum.
5. This [causes / difficulty / is / what] in [objects / close / seeing / clearly] (called [necessitating / presbyopia), / longer / either] arms [lenses / corrective / or].
This is what causes difficulty in seeing close objects clearly (called presbyopia), necessitating either longer arms or corrective lenses.
6. Because [are / changing / drivers / constantly] their [the / focus / instrument / from] panel [autos / and / other / to] signs [the / highway, / on / older] drivers [miss / may / information / important] because [refocusing / of / their / slower] time.
Because drivers are constantly changing their focus from the instrument panel to other autos and signs on the highway, older drivers may miss important information because of their slower refocusing time.
기회는 일어나는 것이 아니라 만들어내는 것이다. -크리스 그로서
올림 12-1
필! 글의 이해
1 Prior to the modern era, the Chinese actor, whether rural amateur or urban professional, rarely enjoyed the respect that society pays him or her today.
2 Until recently, in fact, a theater practitioner could hardly earn his living with one stationary troupe.
3 He often became an itinerant performer, travelling among small towns and rural villages to perform during festivals or to celebrate important occasions in the lives of the local gentry.
4 Most individual actors were at least part-time itinerants, contributing to the image of the vagabond good-for-nothing that afflicted his profession for centuries.
5 In the imperial period, entire urban troupes might tour the countryside at harvest, New Year, and other festival times.
1 현대 시대 이전에는 시골의 아마추어든 도시의 전문배우든 상관없이 중국의 배우는 오늘날 사회가 그들에게 표하는 존경을 거 의 향유하지 못했다. 2 사실상 최근까지 전문 연기자는 한 지역에 정착하여 공연하는 극단으로는 거의 생계를 유지할 수 없었다. 3 그는 흔히 순회 연기자가 되어 축제기간 동안 공연하기 위해서 또는 지방 유지의 삶에서 중요한 행사를 축하하기 위해서 작은 도시와 시골 마을들을 여행하였다. 4 대부분의 개인 자 격의 배우들은 적어도 시간제로 일하는 순회배우였고, 수세기 동안 그의 직업에 폐를 끼친, 이리저리 떠도는 아무짝에도 쓸모없는 사람이라는 인식을 심어주는 데 기여하였다. 5 제국주의 시대에는 도시극단 전체가 추수철, 설날, 그리고 다른 축제 기간에 지방을 돌아다닐 수 도 있었다.
필! 빈칸의 완성
현대 시대 이전에는 시골의 아마추어든 도시의 전문배우든 상관없이 중국의 배우는 오늘날 사회가 그들에게 표하는 존경을 거 의 향유하지 못했다.
1 Prior to the modern er
a
, the Chinese actor, whether rural
amateur or urban
professional
, rarely
enjoyed the respect that society pays him or her today.사실상 최근까지 전문 연기자는 한 지역에 정착하여 공연하는 극단으로는 거의 생계를 유지할 수 없었다.
2 Until recently, 연i
n
fact, a theater practitioner
could hardly earn his living with one stationary
troupe
.그는 흔히 순회 연기자가 되어 축제기간 동안 공연하기 위해서 또는 지방 유지의 삶에서 중요한 행사를 축하하기 위해서 작은 도시와 시골 마을들을 여행하였다.
3 He often became an it
inerant
performer
, travelling
among small towns and rural
villages to perform
during festivals or to celebrate important occasions
in the lives of the local gentry
.대부분의 개인 자 격의 배우들은 적어도 시간제로 일하는 순회배우였고, 수세기 동안 그의 직업에 폐를 끼친, 이리저리 떠도는 아무짝에도 쓸모없는 사람이라는 인식을 심어주는 데 기여하였다.
4 Most in
dividual
actors were at least
part-time itinerants
, contributing
to the image of the vagabond
good-for-nothing that afflicted
his profession
for centuries.제국주의 시대에는 도시극단 전체가 추수철, 설날, 그리고 다른 축제 기간에 지방을 돌아다닐 수 도 있었다.
5 In the imperial period, en
tire
urban
troupes
might tour the countryside
at harvest, New Year, and other festival times.modern / era / rural / amateur / urban / professional / rarely / respect / society / 연in / theater / practitioner / earn / stationary / troupe / itinerant / performer / travelling / rural / perform / festivals / celebrate / important / occasions / local / gentry / individual / least / itinerants / contributing / image / vagabond / afflicted / profession / centuries / period / entire / urban / troupes / tour / countryside / harvest / festival
필! 순서의 이해
올림 12-1| Prior to the modern era, the Chinese actor, whether rural amateur or urban professional, rarely enjoyed the respect that society pays him or her today. |
( ) Most individual actors were at least part-time itinerants, contributing to the image of the vagabond good-for-nothing that afflicted his profession for centuries.
( ) Until recently, in fact, a theater practitioner could hardly earn his living with one stationary troupe.
( ) In the imperial period, entire urban troupes might tour the countryside at harvest, New Year, and other festival times.
( ) He often became an itinerant performer, travelling among small towns and rural villages to perform during festivals or to celebrate important occasions in the lives of the local gentry.
∙Prior to ∙Until re ∙He often ∙Most ind ∙In the i
올림 12-2
필! 글의 이해
1 Every great thing that was ever started began in uncertainty.
2 Thomas Alva Edison asked, "Will this work" and now we experience the gift of the lightbulb.
3 Steve Jobs pondered, "Is there a need for this" and now we have minicomputers that fit in our pockets.
4 In order to bring our ideas or dreams to life, we have to expect fear and uncertainty, welcome it in, and know that once we face it, it no longer has a hold on us.
5 We must remind ourselves that there are two possible ends to every uncertain journey we embark upon.
6 Either we learn a lesson that brings us one step closer to our true desires or we reach the point we set out for.
1 지금까지 시작된 위대한 모든 것은 불확실성에서 시작되었다. 2 Thomas Alva Edison은 "이것이 작동될까"라는 의문을 가졌고, 우리는 지금 전구라는 선물을 경험하고 있다. 3 Steve Jobs는 "이것이 필요할까"에 대해 곰곰이 생각했고, 지금 우리는 주머니에 딱 맞는 소형 컴퓨터를 가지고 있다. 4 우리의 아이디어나 꿈에 생기를 불어넣기 위해서, 우리는 두려움과 불확실성을 예상하고, 그것을 기꺼이 맞아들여야 하며, 일단 그것에 직면하면 그것은 더 이상 우리에게 지배력이 없다는 것을 알아야 한다. 5 우리는 우리 스스로에게 우리가 착수하는 모든 불확실한 여행에는 두 가지의 가능성 있는 결말이 있다는 것을 상기시켜야 한다. 6 우리의 진정한 욕망으로 한 발짝 더 다가서게 하는 교훈을 배우거나 또는 우리가 목표로 삼고 출발했던 지점에 도달하게 된다는 것을 말이다.
필! 빈칸의 완성
지금까지 시작된 위대한 모든 것은 불확실성에서 시작되었다.
1 Every great thing that was ever started began in un
certainty
.Thomas Alva Edison은 "이것이 작동될까"라는 의문을 가졌고, 우리는 지금 전구라는 선물을 경험하고 있다.
2 Thomas Alva Edison asked, "Will this work" and now we experience the gift of the li
ghtbulb
.Steve Jobs는 "이것이 필요할까"에 대해 곰곰이 생각했고, 지금 우리는 주머니에 딱 맞는 소형 컴퓨터를 가지고 있다.
3 Steve Jobs po
ndered
, "Is there a need for this" and now we have minicomputers
that fit in our pockets.우리의 아이디어나 꿈에 생기를 불어넣기 위해서, 우리는 두려움과 불확실성을 예상하고, 그것을 기꺼이 맞아들여야 하며, 일단 그것에 직면하면 그것은 더 이상 우리에게 지배력이 없다는 것을 알아야 한다.
4 In order to bring our ideas or dreams to life, we have to expect fear and un
certainty
, welcome it in, and know that once we face it, it no longer has a hold on us.우리는 우리 스스로에게 우리가 착수하는 모든 불확실한 여행에는 두 가지의 가능성 있는 결말이 있다는 것을 상기시켜야 한다.
5 We must re
mind
ourselves that there are two possible ends to every uncertain
journey
we embark
upon.우리의 진정한 욕망으로 한 발짝 더 다가서게 하는 교훈을 배우거나 또는 우리가 목표로 삼고 출발했던 지점에 도달하게 된다는 것을 말이다.
6 Either we learn a lesson that brings us one step closer to our true de
sires
or we reach the point we set out for.started / uncertainty / experience / gift / lightbulb / pondered / minicomputers / fit / order / expect / fear / uncertainty / remind / possible / uncertain / journey / embark / desires / reach
필! 순서의 이해
올림 12-2| Every great thing that was ever started began in uncertainty. |
( ) We must remind ourselves that there are two possible ends to every uncertain journey we embark upon.
( ) Either we learn a lesson that brings us one step closer to our true desires or we reach the point we set out for.
( ) Thomas Alva Edison asked, "Will this work" and now we experience the gift of the lightbulb.
( ) In order to bring our ideas or dreams to life, we have to expect fear and uncertainty, welcome it in, and know that once we face it, it no longer has a hold on us.
( ) Steve Jobs pondered, "Is there a need for this" and now we have minicomputers that fit in our pockets.
∙Every gr ∙Thomas A ∙Steve Jo ∙In order ∙We must ∙Either w
문장의 삽입
올림 12-2Thomas Alva Edison asked, "Will this work" and now we experience the gift of the lightbulb. ①
Every great thing that was ever started began in uncertainty. ① Steve Jobs pondered, "Is there a need for this" and now we have minicomputers that fit in our pockets. ② In order to bring our ideas or dreams to life, we have to expect fear and uncertainty, welcome it in, and know that once we face it, it no longer has a hold on us. ③ We must remind ourselves that there are two possible ends to every uncertain journey we embark upon. ④ Either we learn a lesson that brings us one step closer to our true desires or we reach the point we set out for. ⑤
문장의 삽입
올림 12-2Steve Jobs pondered, "Is there a need for this" and now we have minicomputers that fit in our pockets. ②
Every great thing that was ever started began in uncertainty. ① Thomas Alva Edison asked, "Will this work" and now we experience the gift of the lightbulb. ② In order to bring our ideas or dreams to life, we have to expect fear and uncertainty, welcome it in, and know that once we face it, it no longer has a hold on us. ③ We must remind ourselves that there are two possible ends to every uncertain journey we embark upon. ④ Either we learn a lesson that brings us one step closer to our true desires or we reach the point we set out for. ⑤
올림 12-3
필! 글의 이해
1 As we grow older, the eye lens becomes more yellow, causing poorer color discrimination in the green-blue-violet end of the spectrum.
2 Also, the lens's ability to adjust and focus declines as the muscles around it stiffen.
3 This is what causes difficulty in seeing close objects clearly (called presbyopia), necessitating either longer arms or corrective lenses.
4 To complicate matters further, the time our eyes need to change focus from near to far (or vice versa) increases.
5 This also poses a major problem in driving.
6 Because drivers are constantly changing their focus from the instrument panel to other autos and signs on the highway, older drivers may miss important information because of their slower refocusing time.
1 나이가 들어감에 따라 우리 눈의 수정체는 더 노랗게 변하면서 (빛의) 스펙트럼의 끝부분에 있는 초록-파랑-보라 색깔의 식별을 더 못하게 된다. 2 또한 수정체 주위의 근육이 경직되면서 조정하고 초점을 맞추는 수정체의 능력이 떨어진다. 3 이것이 가까운 물건을 명확하게 보는 것을 어렵게 만드는 (노안이라 부르는) 것인데, 더 긴 팔 이나 교정 렌즈를 필요하게 만든다. 4 문제를 더 복잡하게 만드는 것은 우리의 눈이 가까운 곳에서 먼 곳으로 (그 반대도 마찬가지이다) 초점을 바꾸는 데 필요한 시간이 늘어나는 것이다. 5 이것은 또한 운전을 할 때 심각한 문제를 제기한다. 6 운전자들은 계기판에서 다른 자동차와 고속도로 위의 표지판으로 끊임없이 자신의 초점을 변경하는데, 노인 운전자들은 초점을 다시 맞추는 시간이 더 오래 걸리기 때문에 중요한 정보를 놓칠 수 있다.
필! 빈칸의 완성
나이가 들어감에 따라 우리 눈의 수정체는 더 노랗게 변하면서 (빛의) 스펙트럼의 끝부분에 있는 초록-파랑-보라 색깔의 식별을 더 못하게 된다.
1 As we grow older, the eye le
ns
becomes more yellow, causing poorer
color discrimination
in the green-blue-violet end of the spectrum
.또한 수정체 주위의 근육이 경직되면서 조정하고 초점을 맞추는 수정체의 능력이 떨어진다.
2 연A
lso
, the lens
's ability to adjust
and focus declines
as the muscles around it stiffen
.이것이 가까운 물건을 명확하게 보는 것을 어렵게 만드는 (노안이라 부르는) 것인데, 더 긴 팔 이나 교정 렌즈를 필요하게 만든다.
3 This is what causes difficulty in seeing close ob
jects
clearly (called presbyopia
), necessitating
either longer arms or corrective
lenses
.문제를 더 복잡하게 만드는 것은 우리의 눈이 가까운 곳에서 먼 곳으로 (그 반대도 마찬가지이다) 초점을 바꾸는 데 필요한 시간이 늘어나는 것이다.
4 To co
mplicate
matters further, the time our eyes need to change focus from near to far (or vice versa
) increases.이것은 또한 운전을 할 때 심각한 문제를 제기한다.
5 This 연a
lso
poses
a major problem in driving.운전자들은 계기판에서 다른 자동차와 고속도로 위의 표지판으로 끊임없이 자신의 초점을 변경하는데, 노인 운전자들은 초점을 다시 맞추는 시간이 더 오래 걸리기 때문에 중요한 정보를 놓칠 수 있다.
6 Because drivers are co
nstantly
changing their focus from the instrument
panel
to other autos and signs on the highway
, older drivers may miss important information because of their slower refocusing
time.older / lens / causing / poorer / discrimination / spectrum / 연Also / lens / ability / adjust / focus / declines / muscles / stiffen / difficulty / objects / presbyopia / necessitating / corrective / lenses / complicate / matters / further / focus / versa / increases / 연also / poses / constantly / focus / instrument / panel / autos / highway / older / important / refocusing
필! 순서의 이해
올림 12-3| As we grow older, the eye lens becomes more yellow, causing poorer color discrimination in the green-blue-violet end of the spectrum. |
( ) Because drivers are constantly changing their focus from the instrument panel to other autos and signs on the highway, older drivers may miss important information because of their slower refocusing time.
( ) This also poses a major problem in driving.
( ) To complicate matters further, the time our eyes need to change focus from near to far (or vice versa) increases.
( ) Also, the lens's ability to adjust and focus declines as the muscles around it stiffen.
( ) This is what causes difficulty in seeing close objects clearly (called presbyopia), necessitating either longer arms or corrective lenses.
∙As we gr ∙Also, th ∙This is ∙To compl ∙This als ∙Because
문장의 삽입
올림 12-3Also, the lens's ability to adjust and focus declines as the muscles around it stiffen. ①
As we grow older, the eye lens becomes more yellow, causing poorer color discrimination in the green-blue-violet end of the spectrum. ① This is what causes difficulty in seeing close objects clearly (called presbyopia), necessitating either longer arms or corrective lenses. ② To complicate matters further, the time our eyes need to change focus from near to far (or vice versa) increases. ③ This also poses a major problem in driving. ④ Because drivers are constantly changing their focus from the instrument panel to other autos and signs on the highway, older drivers may miss important information because of their slower refocusing time. ⑤
문장의 삽입
올림 12-3This is what causes difficulty in seeing close objects clearly (called presbyopia), necessitating either longer arms or corrective lenses. ②
As we grow older, the eye lens becomes more yellow, causing poorer color discrimination in the green-blue-violet end of the spectrum. ① Also, the lens's ability to adjust and focus declines as the muscles around it stiffen. ② To complicate matters further, the time our eyes need to change focus from near to far (or vice versa) increases. ③ This also poses a major problem in driving. ④ Because drivers are constantly changing their focus from the instrument panel to other autos and signs on the highway, older drivers may miss important information because of their slower refocusing time. ⑤
문장의 삽입
올림 12-3This also poses a major problem in driving. ④
As we grow older, the eye lens becomes more yellow, causing poorer color discrimination in the green-blue-violet end of the spectrum. ① Also, the lens's ability to adjust and focus declines as the muscles around it stiffen. ② This is what causes difficulty in seeing close objects clearly (called presbyopia), necessitating either longer arms or corrective lenses. ③ To complicate matters further, the time our eyes need to change focus from near to far (or vice versa) increases. ④ Because drivers are constantly changing their focus from the instrument panel to other autos and signs on the highway, older drivers may miss important information because of their slower refocusing time. ⑤
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