232_g2 본문읽기 15
카테고리 없음2023. 5. 25. 17:29
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2192-20
Without guidance from their teacher, students will not embark on a journey of personal development that recognizes the value of cooperation. Left to their own devices, they will instinctively become increasingly competitive with each other. They will compare scores, reports, and feedback within the classroom environment ― just as they do in the sporting arena. We don't need to teach our students about winners and losers. The playground and the media do that for them. However, we do need to teach them that there is more to life than winning and about the skills they need for successful cooperation. A group working together successfully requires individuals with a multitude of social skills, as well as a high level of interpersonal awareness. While some students inherently bring a natural understanding of these skills with them, they are always in the minority. To bring cooperation between peers into your classroom, you need to teach these skills consciously and carefully, and nurture them continuously throughout the school years.
2192-21
The creative team exhibits paradoxical characteristics. It shows tendencies of thought and action that we'd assume to be mutually exclusive or contradictory. For example, to do its best work, a team needs deep knowledge of subjects relevant to the problem it's trying to solve, and a mastery of the processes involved. But at the same time, the team needs fresh perspectives that are unencumbered by the prevailing wisdom or established ways of doing things. Often called a "beginner's mind," this is the newcomers' perspective: people who are curious, even playful, and willing to ask anything - no matter how naive the question may seem - because they don't know what they don't know. Thus, bringing together contradictory characteristics can accelerate the process of new ideas.
2192-22
Too many officials in troubled cities wrongly imagine that they can lead their city back to its former glories with some massive construction project ― a new stadium or light rail system, a convention center, or a housing project. With very few exceptions, no public policy can slow the tidal forces of urban change. We mustn't ignore the needs of the poor people who live in the Rust Belt, but public policy should help poor people, not poor places. Shiny new real estate may dress up a declining city, but it doesn't solve its underlying problems. The hallmark of declining cities is that they have too much housing and infrastructure relative to the strength of their economies. With all that supply of structure and so little demand, it makes no sense to use public money to build more supply. The folly of building-centric urban renewal reminds us that cities aren't structures; cities are people.
2192-23
Many marine species including oysters, marsh grasses, and fish were deliberately introduced for food or for erosion control, with little knowledge of the impacts they could have. Fish and shellfish have been intentionally introduced all over the world for aquaculture, providing food and jobs, but they can escape and become a threat to native species, ecosystem function, or livelihoods. Atlantic salmon are reared in ocean net-pens in Washington State and British Columbia. Many escape each year, and they have been recovered in both saltwater and freshwater in Washington State, British Columbia, and Alaska. Recreational fishing can also spread invasive species. Bait worms from Maine are popular throughout the country. They are commonly packed in seaweed which contains many other organisms. If the seaweed is discarded, it or the organisms on it can colonize new areas. Fishing boots, recreational boats, and trailers can pick up organisms at one location and move them elsewhere.
2192-24
Before the fancy high-rises, financial headquarters, tourist centers, and souvenir peddlers made their way to Battery Park City, the area behind the World Trade Center was a giant, gross landfill. In 1982, artist Agnes Denes decided to return that landfill back to its roots, although temporarily. Denes was commissioned by the Public Art Fund to create one of the most significant and fantastical pieces of public work Manhattan has ever seen. Her concept was not a traditional sculpture, but a living installation that changed the way the public looked at art. In the name of art, Denes put a beautiful golden wheat field right in the shadow of the gleaming Twin Towers. For Wheatfield - A Confrontation, Denes and volunteers removed trash from four acres of land, then planted amber waves of grain atop the area. After months of farming and irrigation, the wheat field was thriving and ready. The artist and her volunteers harvested thousands of pounds of wheat to give to food banks in the city, nourishing both the minds and bodies of New Yorkers.
Without guidance from their teacher, students will not embark on a journey of personal development that recognizes the value of cooperation. Left to their own devices, they will instinctively become increasingly competitive with each other. They will compare scores, reports, and feedback within the classroom environment ― just as they do in the sporting arena. We don't need to teach our students about winners and losers. The playground and the media do that for them. However, we do need to teach them that there is more to life than winning and about the skills they need for successful cooperation. A group working together successfully requires individuals with a multitude of social skills, as well as a high level of interpersonal awareness. While some students inherently bring a natural understanding of these skills with them, they are always in the minority. To bring cooperation between peers into your classroom, you need to teach these skills consciously and carefully, and nurture them continuously throughout the school years.
2192-21
The creative team exhibits paradoxical characteristics. It shows tendencies of thought and action that we'd assume to be mutually exclusive or contradictory. For example, to do its best work, a team needs deep knowledge of subjects relevant to the problem it's trying to solve, and a mastery of the processes involved. But at the same time, the team needs fresh perspectives that are unencumbered by the prevailing wisdom or established ways of doing things. Often called a "beginner's mind," this is the newcomers' perspective: people who are curious, even playful, and willing to ask anything - no matter how naive the question may seem - because they don't know what they don't know. Thus, bringing together contradictory characteristics can accelerate the process of new ideas.
2192-22
Too many officials in troubled cities wrongly imagine that they can lead their city back to its former glories with some massive construction project ― a new stadium or light rail system, a convention center, or a housing project. With very few exceptions, no public policy can slow the tidal forces of urban change. We mustn't ignore the needs of the poor people who live in the Rust Belt, but public policy should help poor people, not poor places. Shiny new real estate may dress up a declining city, but it doesn't solve its underlying problems. The hallmark of declining cities is that they have too much housing and infrastructure relative to the strength of their economies. With all that supply of structure and so little demand, it makes no sense to use public money to build more supply. The folly of building-centric urban renewal reminds us that cities aren't structures; cities are people.
2192-23
Many marine species including oysters, marsh grasses, and fish were deliberately introduced for food or for erosion control, with little knowledge of the impacts they could have. Fish and shellfish have been intentionally introduced all over the world for aquaculture, providing food and jobs, but they can escape and become a threat to native species, ecosystem function, or livelihoods. Atlantic salmon are reared in ocean net-pens in Washington State and British Columbia. Many escape each year, and they have been recovered in both saltwater and freshwater in Washington State, British Columbia, and Alaska. Recreational fishing can also spread invasive species. Bait worms from Maine are popular throughout the country. They are commonly packed in seaweed which contains many other organisms. If the seaweed is discarded, it or the organisms on it can colonize new areas. Fishing boots, recreational boats, and trailers can pick up organisms at one location and move them elsewhere.
2192-24
Before the fancy high-rises, financial headquarters, tourist centers, and souvenir peddlers made their way to Battery Park City, the area behind the World Trade Center was a giant, gross landfill. In 1982, artist Agnes Denes decided to return that landfill back to its roots, although temporarily. Denes was commissioned by the Public Art Fund to create one of the most significant and fantastical pieces of public work Manhattan has ever seen. Her concept was not a traditional sculpture, but a living installation that changed the way the public looked at art. In the name of art, Denes put a beautiful golden wheat field right in the shadow of the gleaming Twin Towers. For Wheatfield - A Confrontation, Denes and volunteers removed trash from four acres of land, then planted amber waves of grain atop the area. After months of farming and irrigation, the wheat field was thriving and ready. The artist and her volunteers harvested thousands of pounds of wheat to give to food banks in the city, nourishing both the minds and bodies of New Yorkers.
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232_g2 본문읽기 10
카테고리 없음2023. 5. 25. 17:29
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ecl1-401
Small Ways to Donate Mina: Today my friend came to school with a beautiful bracelet. I was surprised to hear that she had bought it at a charity event as a donation. I did not think that purchasing goods at charities was a way to donate. I originally thought that donating meant giving a lot of money, but my friend showed me that I can donate by doing small things like purchasing a bracelet. How do you donate? I am eager to hear your story.
ecl1-402
Chris: Hey, I am Chris from England. Have you ever heard about Red Nose Day? It is a fundraising event which is held on a Friday in March every other year. On this day, people can join the event just by buying and wearing red clown noses all day. People with red noses are everywhere, at home, at school, on the street, and on TV. They also raise money by washing cars, selling cookies, and so on. They donate the money to help lift children and young people out of poverty in the UK and Africa. Isn't it interesting? Sharing joy increases joy and sharing sorrow decreases sorrow.
ecl1-403
Amata: Hi. I am Amata from Nigeria. I would like to introduce to you a nonprofit organization, Foodbank Nigeria. As you can guess from its name, the organization collects food and it distributes the food to shelters or senior centers so that they can feed the hungry in Nigeria. Foodbank also supports food drives for individuals who want to share their food with the poor in the country. In fact, I did my own food drive last year to mark my birthday. When I called Foodbank's office, people there let me know in detail how I could donate food to the hungry. With my parents, I gathered the food that had been prepared for my birthday party and then sent it to Foodbank's office. A few days later, surprisingly, the people who had gotten the food I had donated sent me a thank-you letter. It helped me to realize that my small act of kindness could become a warm meal for someone. So I am planning to set up a food drive again. I strongly recommend you try it, too.
ecl1-404
Nicole: Hello, I am Nicole from Sydney, Australia. Let me tell you about the Santa Fun Run in Australia. I think it is the most joyful run of the year. It is the annual Christmas fundraiser and held in early December. People pay an entry fee, wear Santa costumes, and run. These thousands of Santas spread the spirit of Christmas to Australian kids who are sick or disadvantaged. Last winter, I took part in the five-kilometer run starting from Darling Harbour to the Sydney Opera House. The Santa Fun Run is the perfect chance if you want to kill two birds with one stone. You can enjoy running and support kids at the same time. If you plan to visit Australia in December, join the Santa Fun Run. Adrian: Wow, you all have a lot of fun ways of donating! I am Adrian from Romania. I want to post another way to donate. Last December, I went to a dry cleaner to pick up my school uniform and saw an interesting hanger. You know what? It was the Warming Hanger.
ecl1-405
It had a nice message on it, "On this hanger old clothes become warmer." The message encouraged me to bring my old coats for the homeless so that they could stay warm. Every winter hundreds of homeless people die from the cold. We all have at least one piece of old clothing we do not wear. So the Warming Hanger can be a quick, easy, and inexpensive way to help people. Donating my old clothes, I hoped they would give the homeless a chance to survive the winter. Mina: Thanks for your stories. I am happy to see many friends have their own easy and fun ways to donate. I am looking forward to trying them someday. My teacher once told me what Winston Churchill had said, "We make a living by what we get. We make a life by what we give." Donations are a good way of giving and they help us make bonds with others. I think donating is not an option, but rather a requirement to live a truly human life.
Small Ways to Donate Mina: Today my friend came to school with a beautiful bracelet. I was surprised to hear that she had bought it at a charity event as a donation. I did not think that purchasing goods at charities was a way to donate. I originally thought that donating meant giving a lot of money, but my friend showed me that I can donate by doing small things like purchasing a bracelet. How do you donate? I am eager to hear your story.
ecl1-402
Chris: Hey, I am Chris from England. Have you ever heard about Red Nose Day? It is a fundraising event which is held on a Friday in March every other year. On this day, people can join the event just by buying and wearing red clown noses all day. People with red noses are everywhere, at home, at school, on the street, and on TV. They also raise money by washing cars, selling cookies, and so on. They donate the money to help lift children and young people out of poverty in the UK and Africa. Isn't it interesting? Sharing joy increases joy and sharing sorrow decreases sorrow.
ecl1-403
Amata: Hi. I am Amata from Nigeria. I would like to introduce to you a nonprofit organization, Foodbank Nigeria. As you can guess from its name, the organization collects food and it distributes the food to shelters or senior centers so that they can feed the hungry in Nigeria. Foodbank also supports food drives for individuals who want to share their food with the poor in the country. In fact, I did my own food drive last year to mark my birthday. When I called Foodbank's office, people there let me know in detail how I could donate food to the hungry. With my parents, I gathered the food that had been prepared for my birthday party and then sent it to Foodbank's office. A few days later, surprisingly, the people who had gotten the food I had donated sent me a thank-you letter. It helped me to realize that my small act of kindness could become a warm meal for someone. So I am planning to set up a food drive again. I strongly recommend you try it, too.
ecl1-404
Nicole: Hello, I am Nicole from Sydney, Australia. Let me tell you about the Santa Fun Run in Australia. I think it is the most joyful run of the year. It is the annual Christmas fundraiser and held in early December. People pay an entry fee, wear Santa costumes, and run. These thousands of Santas spread the spirit of Christmas to Australian kids who are sick or disadvantaged. Last winter, I took part in the five-kilometer run starting from Darling Harbour to the Sydney Opera House. The Santa Fun Run is the perfect chance if you want to kill two birds with one stone. You can enjoy running and support kids at the same time. If you plan to visit Australia in December, join the Santa Fun Run. Adrian: Wow, you all have a lot of fun ways of donating! I am Adrian from Romania. I want to post another way to donate. Last December, I went to a dry cleaner to pick up my school uniform and saw an interesting hanger. You know what? It was the Warming Hanger.
ecl1-405
It had a nice message on it, "On this hanger old clothes become warmer." The message encouraged me to bring my old coats for the homeless so that they could stay warm. Every winter hundreds of homeless people die from the cold. We all have at least one piece of old clothing we do not wear. So the Warming Hanger can be a quick, easy, and inexpensive way to help people. Donating my old clothes, I hoped they would give the homeless a chance to survive the winter. Mina: Thanks for your stories. I am happy to see many friends have their own easy and fun ways to donate. I am looking forward to trying them someday. My teacher once told me what Winston Churchill had said, "We make a living by what we get. We make a life by what we give." Donations are a good way of giving and they help us make bonds with others. I think donating is not an option, but rather a requirement to live a truly human life.
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232_g2 본문읽기 5
카테고리 없음2023. 5. 25. 17:29
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ecl1-301
Have you ever thought about how many plastic products you use a day? You brushed your teeth with a plastic brush this morning, right? What about plastic bags, containers, or water bottles? You use a lot of plastic in everyday life. According to a survey, global production of plastic reached 311 million tonnes in 2014.
ecl1-302
Plastic is useful. As you know, it is cheap, lightweight, and strong. Despite these advantages, plastic pollutes the environment severely. The biggest problem is that an enormous amount of plastic waste is generated throughout the world. Plastic remains in landfills for hundreds or thousands of years and results in soil pollution. That is not all. Each year 12.7 million tonnes of plastic get thrown into the ocean and threaten marine life. The most effective solution to these problems would be to create eco-friendly alternatives to plastic. Could Mushrooms be the Future of Plastic? A lot of plastic foam is used to make packaging containers. Unfortunately, the containers are used only for a few weeks to protect your brand-new computer or TV on its journey to your house, and then they end up in landfills.
ecl1-303
Eben Bayer, an eco-friendly product designer, recognized that plastic foam has a negative impact on the environment. He wanted to remove the need for it. So, after years of experimenting, he created a 100% biodegradable packaging material. The main ingredient of the packaging material is mushrooms. Cheap, useless agricultural waste, like the husks of rice and wheat grain, is also needed to make mushroom packaging. After the waste is cleaned, it is mixed with mycelium, a material that can be found at the root of mushrooms. The mycelium holds the agricultural waste together and then the mixture is put into a mold. With the mixture growing in the mold, the mushroom packaging takes the shape of the mold. After a few days, the mixture is removed from the mold and it is dried to prevent any additional growth of the mycelium. Finally, a 100% biodegradable package is ready for use. Eben Bayer hopes that this mushroom packaging will replace plastic foam. He says, "What I want to guarantee is that in 10,000 years, our descendants, our children's children, will be living happily and in harmony with a healthy Earth."
ecl1-304
We Can Eat the Water Container! The consumption of plastic bottled water is on the rise. For example, it was estimated that the USA consumed as much as 36.5 gallons of bottled water per person in 2015. The problem is that most plastic bottles are thrown away and take up space in landfills. What if we could replace those plastic bottles with something more environmentally friendly — edible, even? To solve the problem of plastic bottles, Rodrigo Garcia González and his coworkers came up with an innovative idea. They created an edible water container, Ooho.
ecl1-305
Ooho is a thin gel bag which is made of seaweed. It is biodegradable and safe for human consumption. Once the water inside is consumed, Ooho can be thrown away or eaten. It reportedly only costs two cents to make. In addition, anyone can easily make this water container in their kitchen. Besides, making Ooho has a climate benefit, as it does not cause the CO2 emissions that the bottle manufacturing process does. There are many other creative, eco-friendly ideas, such as chicken feather-based plastic and plastic foam which is made from milk and clay. In addition, other small efforts we make in our daily lives can make a difference. For example, we can use our own personal refillable water bottles instead of buying disposable plastic bottles of water. We can also bring our own reusable bags to the market and say "No" to plastic bags. With all these ideas and efforts combined together, we can reduce the total amount of plastic waste!
Have you ever thought about how many plastic products you use a day? You brushed your teeth with a plastic brush this morning, right? What about plastic bags, containers, or water bottles? You use a lot of plastic in everyday life. According to a survey, global production of plastic reached 311 million tonnes in 2014.
ecl1-302
Plastic is useful. As you know, it is cheap, lightweight, and strong. Despite these advantages, plastic pollutes the environment severely. The biggest problem is that an enormous amount of plastic waste is generated throughout the world. Plastic remains in landfills for hundreds or thousands of years and results in soil pollution. That is not all. Each year 12.7 million tonnes of plastic get thrown into the ocean and threaten marine life. The most effective solution to these problems would be to create eco-friendly alternatives to plastic. Could Mushrooms be the Future of Plastic? A lot of plastic foam is used to make packaging containers. Unfortunately, the containers are used only for a few weeks to protect your brand-new computer or TV on its journey to your house, and then they end up in landfills.
ecl1-303
Eben Bayer, an eco-friendly product designer, recognized that plastic foam has a negative impact on the environment. He wanted to remove the need for it. So, after years of experimenting, he created a 100% biodegradable packaging material. The main ingredient of the packaging material is mushrooms. Cheap, useless agricultural waste, like the husks of rice and wheat grain, is also needed to make mushroom packaging. After the waste is cleaned, it is mixed with mycelium, a material that can be found at the root of mushrooms. The mycelium holds the agricultural waste together and then the mixture is put into a mold. With the mixture growing in the mold, the mushroom packaging takes the shape of the mold. After a few days, the mixture is removed from the mold and it is dried to prevent any additional growth of the mycelium. Finally, a 100% biodegradable package is ready for use. Eben Bayer hopes that this mushroom packaging will replace plastic foam. He says, "What I want to guarantee is that in 10,000 years, our descendants, our children's children, will be living happily and in harmony with a healthy Earth."
ecl1-304
We Can Eat the Water Container! The consumption of plastic bottled water is on the rise. For example, it was estimated that the USA consumed as much as 36.5 gallons of bottled water per person in 2015. The problem is that most plastic bottles are thrown away and take up space in landfills. What if we could replace those plastic bottles with something more environmentally friendly — edible, even? To solve the problem of plastic bottles, Rodrigo Garcia González and his coworkers came up with an innovative idea. They created an edible water container, Ooho.
ecl1-305
Ooho is a thin gel bag which is made of seaweed. It is biodegradable and safe for human consumption. Once the water inside is consumed, Ooho can be thrown away or eaten. It reportedly only costs two cents to make. In addition, anyone can easily make this water container in their kitchen. Besides, making Ooho has a climate benefit, as it does not cause the CO2 emissions that the bottle manufacturing process does. There are many other creative, eco-friendly ideas, such as chicken feather-based plastic and plastic foam which is made from milk and clay. In addition, other small efforts we make in our daily lives can make a difference. For example, we can use our own personal refillable water bottles instead of buying disposable plastic bottles of water. We can also bring our own reusable bags to the market and say "No" to plastic bags. With all these ideas and efforts combined together, we can reduce the total amount of plastic waste!
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