1709 고2 모의고사 임희재 편저

1709 고2.txt

Hello World! This is ⌘VOCAB. 🤣 confidence acquir blindnes content estate dependent motivat pressure consumption noble reward depiction target failure motive description synapse disorder electrical forc regulate ly revis philosophical pack curse traditional artistry responsibility modest ­ cooperation hurricane signal addresse nutrition assume prediction weaken depend behavior urge diversify stimulate inevitable expect suitable fundamental invest route motivation trigger inventor cognitive nervousnes preserve require aim agriculture mental superior heritage security context efficient scar yield secure fate declin agricultural intention transportation source convey acces temperature official eliminate circumstance preparation radically curiou reaction exposure ideal insight illusion term simplify plenty fair / absurd control extract weigh radiation perception spare pursuit intensively vary experiment pleasant analyst booster force technician obtain encourag obesity distinguish estimate logic objective strategy chore track improvement atmosphere sensitive sector hippocampu barrier stem resource struggle evolv / sophisticat violat exist hardship argument domestic essence distribut equally acceptable /intolerable adopt limit characteristic farther navigation relative proces trick nutrient production objectively effective attempt encourage complicat destination neuron interpret privacy passion accurate cope incentive interpersonal subject ­confidence involv amount random deficiency cop degree propertie sufficient behave figure ordinary capacity pursue concern equality tunnel regularly hypothesi determin ­rear ultimately strategie tricky accumulate structure perceiv induce translat digestion vital painful relevant shar value essential surrounding region profit ­­ persuade

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○ confidence 자신감 ○ acquir 습득하다 ○ blindnes 맹인됨 ○ content 내용 ○ estate 재산 ○ dependent 의존하는 ○ motivat 동기부여하다 ○ pressure 압력 ○ consumption 소비 ○ noble 고상한 ○ reward 보상 ○ depiction 묘사 ○ target 표적 ○ failure 실패 ○ motive 동기 ○ description 설명 ○ synapse 시냅스 ○ disorder 무질서/이상 ○ electrical 전기의 ○ forc 강요/하게하다 ○ regulate 규제하다 ○ ly ○ revis 수정하다 ○ philosophical 철학적인 ○ pack 싸다/포장하다 ○ curse 저주하다 ○ traditional 전통적인 ○ artistry 예술성 ○ responsibility 책임 ○ modest 겸손한 ­ ○ cooperation 협력 ○ hurricane 허리캐인 ○ signal 신호 ○ addresse 다루다 ○ nutrition 영양분 ○ assume 가정하다 가정하다 ○ prediction 예측 ○ weaken 약화시키다 ○ depend 의지하다 ○ behavior 행동 ○ urge 충동 ○ diversify 다각화하다 ○ stimulate 자극하다 ○ inevitable 피할 ○ expect 기대하다 ○ suitable 적절한 ○ fundamental 근본적인 ○ invest 투자하다 ○ route 길/수단 ○ motivation 동기 ○ trigger 방아쇠/촉발시키다 ○ inventor 발명가 ○ cognitive 인지의 ○ nervousnes 초조 ○ preserve 보존하다 ○ require 필요로하다/요구하다 ○ aim 목표 ○ agriculture 농업 ○ mental 정신의 ○ superior 우월한 ○ heritage 유산 ○ security 보안 ○ context 맥락 ○ efficient 능률적인 ○ scar 상처 ○ yield 생산하다/양보 ○ secure 안전한 ○ fate 운명 ○ declin 감소하다 ○ agricultural 농업의 ○ intention 의도 ○ transportation 운송/수송 ○ source 근원 ○ convey 전하다 ○ acces ○ temperature 온도/체온 ○ official 공식적인 ○ eliminate 제거하다 ○ circumstance 상황 ○ preparation 준비 ○ radically 근본적으로 ○ curiou 호기심있는 ○ reaction 반응 ○ exposure 노출 ○ ideal 이상적인 ○ insight 통찰력 ○ illusion 환상 ○ term 용어 ○ simplify 단순화하다 ○ plenty 풍부함 ○ fair 공평한/ ○ absurd 어리석은 ○ control 통제 ○ extract 뽑아내다 ○ weigh 무게를 재다 ○ radiation 방사능 ○ perception 인식 ○ spare 용서하다 ○ pursuit 추구 ○ intensively 집중적으로 ○ vary 다양하다 ○ experiment 실험 ○ pleasant 즐거운 ○ analyst 분석가 ○ booster 후원자 ○ force 강요/하게하다 ○ technician 기술자 ○ obtain 얻다 ○ encourag 격려하다/하게하다 ○ obesity 비만 ○ distinguish 구별하다 ○ estimate 추정 ○ logic 논리 ○ objective 목표/객관적인 ○ strategy 전략 ○ chore 잡일 ○ track 통로 ○ improvement 개선 ○ atmosphere 공기 ○ sensitive 민감한 ○ sector 영역 ○ hippocampu 해마 ○ barrier 장벽 ○ stem 줄기/○ come ○ from ○ resource 자원/원천 ○ struggle 분투하다 ○ evolv 진화하다 / ○ sophisticat 세련되게하다 ○ violat 위반하다 ○ exist 존재하다 ○ hardship 역경 ○ argument 논쟁 ○ domestic 가정의/국내의 ○ essence 본질 ○ distribut 분배하다 ○ equally 똑같이 ○ acceptable 받아들일만한/○ intolerable 참을 수 없는 ○ adopt 입양하다 ○ limit 제한 ○ characteristic 특징적인 ○ farther 더 멀리 ○ navigation 항해 ○ relative 관련있는 ○ proces 처리하다 ○ trick 속임수/재주 ○ nutrient 영양의 ○ production 생산 ○ objectively 객관적으로 ○ effective 효과적인 ○ attempt 시도 ○ encourage 격려하다/하게하다 ○ complicat 복잡하게하다 ○ destination 목적지 ○ neuron 뉴런 ○ interpret 통역하다 ○ privacy 사생활 ○ passion 열정 ○ accurate 정확한 ○ cope 다루다 다루다 ○ incentive 동기/보너스 ○ interpersonal 대인관계의 ○ subject 피실험자/주제 ­○ confidence 자신감 ○ involv 연관시키다 ○ amount 양 ○ random 무작위의 ○ deficiency 결점 ○ cop 다루다 ○ degree 정도 ○ propertie 재산/속성 ○ sufficient 충분한 ○ behave 행동하다 ○ figure 인물/수치 ○ ordinary 보통의 ○ capacity 용량 ○ pursue 추구하다 ○ concern 걱정 ○ equality 평등 ○ tunnel 터널/지하도 ○ regularly 규칙적으로 ○ hypothesi 가설 ○ determin 결심하다 ­○ rear 기르다 ○ ultimately 궁극적으로 ○ strategie 전략 ○ tricky 속이는 ○ accumulate 돈 ○ structure 구조 ○ perceiv 인식하다 ○ induce 설득하여 ○ translat 통역하다 ○ digestion 소화 ○ vital 생명의/중요한 ○ painful 괴로운 ○ relevant 관계가 있는 ○ shar 공유하다 ○ value 가치 ○ essential 필수적인 ○ surrounding 둘러싸다 환경 ○ region 지역/부분 ○ profit 이익 ­­ ○ persuade 설득하다

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1709 고2 모의고사 21 요지 The effects of climate change will not be equally distributed across the globe, and there are likely to be winners and losers as the planet warms. Regarding climate effects in general, developing countries are likely to experience more negative effects of global warming. Not only do many developing countries have naturally warmer climates than those in the developed world, they also rely more heavily on climate sensitive sectors such as agriculture, forestry, and tourism. As temperatures rise further, regions such as Africa will face declining crop yields and will struggle to produce sufficient food for domestic consumption, while their major exports will likely fall in volume. This effect will be made worse for these regions if developed countries are able to make up for the fall in agricultural output with new sources, potentially from their own domestic economies as their land becomes more suitable for growing crops. ① 지구온난화가 개발도상국에 더 부정적 영향을 끼칠 수 있다. ② 환경오염의 심화로 사회 계층 간 갈등이 악화되고 있다. ③ 지구온난화 극복을 위해 환경 친화적 기술 도입이 시급하다. ④ 지구온난화가 농지 활용도를 높여 생산량을 증가시킬 수 있다. ⑤ 개발도상국의 기근 해결을 위한 선진국의 기술 지원이 필요하다. 22.Nervousness about public speaking is one of the most common fears among people. It can serve as a real and significant barrier to effective communication and ultimately to academic and professional success. Debate is an ideal setting to develop coping strategies that allow people to manage their speech anxiety. Because debate both requires and allows for a lot of preparation, individuals develop confidence in their materials and passion for the ideas they support. Debate provides a focus on the content over style, so the attention is on the arguments, not on the person. Participants may forget to be nervous as they have so much else to think about. And repetition of experience helps them build confidence and learn to cope with their inevitable nervousness in such a way as to prevent it from interfering with their objectives. ①적당한 긴장감은 업무 효율성을 증대시킨다. ②토론 시 지나치게 공격적인 태도는 지양해야 한다. ③상대방을 설득하려면 구체적인 근거 제시가 필요하다. ④토론은 공적인 말하기에 대한 불안감 극복에 도움이 된다. ⑤효과적인 의사소통기술은 학업 성취에 긍정적 영향을 미친다. 23 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? Many parents who have experienced personal hardship desire a better life for their children. To want to spare children from having to go through unpleasant experiences is a noble aim, and it naturally stems from love and concern for the child. What these parents don’t realize, however, is that while in the short term they may be making the lives of their children more pleasant, in the long term they may be preventing their children from acquiring self­confidence, mental strength, and important interpersonal skills. Samuel Smiles, a nineteenth­century English author, wrote, “It is doubtful whether any heavier curse could be forced on man than the complete gratification of all his wishes without effort on his part, leaving nothing for his hopes, desires, or struggles.” For healthy development, the child needs to deal with some failure, struggle through some difficult periods, and experience some painful emotions. *gratification: 만족(감), 희열 ①benefits of traditional child­rearing practices ②critical factors in children’s physical development ③importance of parental emotional support for children ④necessity of parents letting their child experience difficulties ⑤differences between the parents’ and child’s points of view 24 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? In 1947, when the Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered, archaeologists set a finder’s fee for each new document. Instead of lots of extra scrolls being found, they were simply torn apart to increase the reward. Similarly, in China in the nineteenth century, an incentive was offered for finding dinosaur bones. Farmers located a few on their land, broke them into pieces, and made a lot of money. Modern incentives are no better: Company boards promise bonuses for achieved targets. And what happens? Managers invest more energy in trying to lower the targets than in growing the business. People respond to incentives by doing what is in their best interests. What is noteworthy is, first, how quickly and radically people’s behavior changes when incentives come into play, and second, the fact that people respond to the incentives themselves, and not the higher intentions behind them. *scroll: 두루마리 ① Relive the Glory of the Golden Past ② How Selfishness Weakens Teamwork ③ Rewards Work Against Original Purposes ④ Non­material Incentives: Superior Motivators ⑤ Cultural Heritage Becomes Tourism Booster! 29 어법 English speakers have one of the simplest systems for describing familial relationships. Many African language speakers would consider it absurd to use a single word like “cousin” to describe both male and female relatives, or not to distinguish whether the person (A) described/describing is related by blood to the speaker’s father or to his mother. To be unable to distinguish a brother­in­law as the brother of one’s wife or the husband of one’s sister would seem confusing within the structure of personal relationships existing in many cultures. Similarly, how is it possible to make sense of a situation (B) which/inwhicha single word “uncle” applies to the brother of one’s father and to the brother of one’s mother? The Hawaiian language uses the same term to refer to one’s father and to the father’s brother. People of Northern Burma, who think in the Jinghpaw language, (C) has/have eighteen basic terms for describing their kin. Not one of them can be directly translated into English. 30 어휘 Dworkin suggests a classic argument for a certain kind of equality of opportunity. From Dworkin’s view, justice requires that a person’s fate be determined by things that are within that person’s control, not by luck. If differences in well­being are determined by circumstances lying outside of an individual’s control, they are (A) fair/unjust. According to this argument, inequality of well­being that is driven by differences in individual choices or tastes is (B) acceptable/intolerable. But we should seek to eliminate inequality of well­being that is driven by factors that are not an individual’s responsibility and which prevent an individual from achieving what he or she values. We do so by (C) ensuring/neglectingequality of opportunity or equality of access to fundamental resources. 31. We are the CEOs of our own lives. We work hard to urge ourselves to get up and go to work and do what we must do day after day. We also try to encourage the people working for and with us, those who are doing business with us, and even those who regulate us. We do this in our personal lives, too: From a very young age, kids try to persuade their parents to do things for them (“Dad, I’m too scared to do this!”) with varying degrees of success. As adults, we try to encourage our significant others to do things for us (“Sweetie, I had such a stressful day today, can you please put the kids to bed and do the dishes?”). We attempt to get our kids to clean up their rooms. We try to induce our neighbors to help out with a neighborhood party. Whatever our official job descriptions, we are all part­time _____. ① judges ② motivators ③ inventors ④ analysts ⑤ observers 32. In many regions of Central America, native people can but do not grow green vegetables packed with vital nutrients such as vitamin A. Generally speaking, the people do not have a tradition of raising these crops. They often have limited education in general and almost no exposure to health and nutrition advice, and they grow what feeds the most people. They often have plenty of tortillas and beans, so they have sufficient protein, and they eat until full. Yet the lack of micronutrients leads to their children developing blindness, iron deficiency, and other growth disorders. In these situations, families have to be educated about nutrition, encouraged to diversify their diets, plant more green vegetables, and sometimes receive nutritional assistance to _____. *micronutrient: 미량 영양소 ① eliminate obesity ② improve digestion ③ correct imbalances ④ consume more protein ⑤ preserve their tradition 33. One of the most curious paintings of the Renaissance is a careful depiction of a weedy patch of ground by Albrecht Dürer. Dürer extracts design and harmony from an apparently random collection of weeds and grasses that we would normally not think twice to look at. By taking such an ordinary thing, he is able to convey his artistry in a pure form. In a similar way, scientists often when trying to understand the essence of a problem. Studying relatively simple systems avoids unnecessary complications, and can allow deeper insights to be obtained. This is particularly true when we are trying to understand something as problematic as our ability to learn. Human reactions are so complex that they can be difficult to interpret objectively. It sometimes helps to step back and consider how more modest creatures, like bacteria or weeds, deal with the challenges they face. ①depend on personal experience ②choose to study humble subjects ③ work in close cooperation with one another ④look for solutions to problems from the past ⑤ test a hypothesis through lots of experiments 34. This true story is about a government­owned shoe factory in Poland in the days when the country had a much more socialist economy. Every month, the Polish government gave the factory materials, and the manager was told to produce a fixed number of shoes. Because there was no profit motive involved, the manager’s basic goal was to meet the quota in the easiest possible way―by producing only small shoes. This production strategy created a problem for people who had big feet, and so the government revised the system. Now the factory received the same amount of materials, but instead of producing a fixed number of shoes, the factory was expected to produce a fixed number of tons of shoes. In other words, the factory’s output would now be weighed rather than counted. And again, the factory’s manager responded in the most efficient way, by producing nothing but huge shoes. In either situation, the government’s strategy did not provide any motivation to _____. ① improve the working environment for employees ② simplify the production process to reduce costs ③ increase the number of factories to make more profit ④ produce shoes in various sizes that met people’s needs ⑤ adopt new technology to compete against foreign shoes 35 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은? The use of drones in science has been increasing. Drones may be useful to collect all kinds of research data. ① For instance, in meteorology drones can collect data on humidity, pressure, temperature, wind force, radiation, etc. ② In case of nearing tornados or hurricanes, people can seek safety with the help of the data gathered by drones. ③ With drone delivery systems, fewer transportation carriers will be traveling on roads and polluting the atmosphere. ④ Drones can gather relevant data in places that were previously difficult or costly to reach―data that may provide new scientific knowledge about the atmosphere and the climate. ⑤ Such knowledge may improve existing climate models and provide more accurate predictions. *meteorology: 기상학 36. Crossing the street in Los Angeles is a tricky business, but luckily, at the press of a button, we can stop traffic. Or can we? (A)Clever technicians create the illusion of control by installing fake temperature dials. This reduces energy bills―and complaints. Such tricks are called “placebo buttons” and they are being pushed in all sorts of contexts. (B)The button’s real purpose is to make us believe we have an influence on the traffic lights, and thus we’re better able to endure the wait for the signal to change with more patience. (C) The same goes for “door­open” and “door­close” buttons in elevators: Many are not even connected to the electrical panel. Such tricks are also designed in offices: For some people it will always be too hot, for others, too cold. 37. Both taxi and bus drivers use a part of their brain called the hippocampus to navigate routes that can sometimes be very complicated. Who would you guess has the larger hippocampus: the taxi driver or bus driver? (A)In contrast, most bus drivers follow the same route every day and therefore do not stimulate their hippocampus as much. Over time, the taxi driver’s role triggers a growth of neurons and synapses in the hippocampus, resulting in its increased size. (B)Brain changes like this are the basis for seeing improvement in mental performance. So if you put away your satellite navigation system and regularly use your memory instead, you may end up with a larger hippocampus and perhaps a better memory, too. (C)The answer is the taxi driver. This is because taxi drivers need to take new routes quite often. To do this, they use their hippocampus intensively to memorize all kinds of routes and figure out the quickest way to reach their destinations. *hippocampus: (뇌의) 해마 38. Yet, although the robot is sophisticated, it lacks all motivation to act. Emotion plays an essential role in all our pursuits―including our pursuit of happiness. ( ① ) It is nearly impossible for us to imagine a life without emotion. ( ② ) Think of an emotionless robot that, other than the capacity for emotions, has exactly the same physical and cognitive characteristics as humans. ( ③ ) The robot thinks and behaves in the same way that humans do. ( ④ ) It can discuss deep philosophical issues and follow complex logic; it can dig tunnels and build skyscrapers. ( ⑤ ) This is because even the most basic desires are dependent on emotions―the one thing this robot lacks. 39. However, concerns have been raised that cookies, which can track what people do online, may be violating privacy by helping companies or government agencies accumulate personal information. _________________________________________ Favorite websites sometimes greet users like old friends. Online bookstores welcome their customers by name and suggest new books they might like to read. (①)Real estate sites tell their visitors about new properties that have come on the market. (②)These tricks are made possible by cookies, small files that an Internet server stores inside individuals’ web browsers so it can remember them. (③) Therefore, cookies can greatly benefit individuals. (④) For example, cookies save users the chore of having to enter names and addresses into e­commerce websites every time they make a purchase. (⑤) Security is another concern: Cookies make shared computers far less secure and offer hackers many ways to break into systems. 40. We often assume we see our physical surroundings as they actually are. But new research suggests that how we see the world depends on what we want from it. When a group of psychologists asked people to estimate how far away a bottle of water was, those who were thirsty guessed it was closer than nonthirsty people did. This difference in perception showed up in a physical challenge, too. When people were told to toss a beanbag at a $25 gift card, and that the closest would win it, people threw their beanbags nine inches short on average. But when the gift card’s value was $0, people threw their beanbags past the card by an inch. As the brain evolved, people who saw distances to goals as shorter might have gone after what they wanted more often. This error in perception was actually an advantage, leading people to get what they needed. ＊beanbag: 콩 주머니 _____ objects are perceived as physically _____ to people than they really are, which might have motivated people to pursue them. ① Desired --- nearer ② Familiar --- farther ③ Novel --- bigger ④ Familiar --- heavier ⑤ Desired --- lighter사

This is ⌘Cloze. Fill in the blanks. 😉 #21 요지. The effects of climate change will not be (equally ) (distributed ) across the globe, and there are (likely ) to be winners and losers as the planet warms. (Regarding ) climate effects in general, developing countries are (likely ) to experience more negative effects of global (warming ). Not only do many developing countries have naturally warmer climates than those in the developed world, they also (rely ) more (heavily ) on climate (sensitive ) (sectors ) such as (agriculture ), forestry, and tourism. As (temperatures ) rise (further ), (regions ) such as Africa will face (declining ) crop (yields ) and will (struggle ) to (produce ) (sufficient ) food for (domestic ) (consumption ), while their major exports will (likely ) fall in volume. This effect will be made worse for these (regions ) if developed countries are able to make up for the fall in (agricultural ) output with new (sources ), (potentially ) from their own (domestic ) economies as their land becomes more (suitable ) for growing crops. #22 요지. (Nervousness ) about public speaking is one of the most common fears among people. It can (serve as ) a real and (significant ) (barrier ) to (effective ) communication and (ultimately ) to academic and professional success. Debate is an (ideal ) setting to develop (coping ) (strategies ) that (allow ) people to manage their speech anxiety. Because debate both (requires ) and (allows ) for a lot of (preparation ), individuals develop (confidence ) in their materials and (passion ) for the ideas they support. Debate provides a (focus on ) the (content ) over style, so the attention is on the (arguments ), not on the person. Participants may forget to be nervous as they have so much else to think about. And repetition of experience helps them build (confidence ) and learn to (cope ) with their (inevitable ) (nervousness ) in such a way as to prevent it from interfering with their (objectives ). #23 주제. Many parents who have (experienced ) personal (hardship ) desire a (better ) life for their children. To want to (spare ) children from having to go through unpleasant experiences is a (noble ) (aim ), and it naturally (stems ) from love and (concern ) for the child. What these parents don’t realize, however, is that while in the short term they may be making the lives of their children more (pleasant ), in the long term they may be preventing their children from (acquiring ) self­(confidence ), (mental ) strength, and important (interpersonal ) skills. Samuel Smiles, a nineteenth­century English author, wrote, “It is doubtful whether any heavier (curse ) could be (forced ) on man than the (complete ) gratification of all his wishes without effort on his part, leaving nothing for his hopes, desires, or (struggles ).” For healthy development, the child needs to deal with some (failure ), (struggle ) through some difficult periods, and experience some (painful ) emotions. #24 제목. In 1947, when the Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered, archaeologists set a finder’s fee for each new document. Instead of lots of extra scrolls being found, they were simply torn (apart ) to increase the (reward ). Similarly, in China in the nineteenth century, an (incentive ) was offered for finding dinosaur bones. Farmers located a few on their land, broke them into pieces, and made a lot of money. Modern (incentives ) are no (better ): Company boards promise bonuses for achieved (targets ). And what happens? Managers (invest ) more energy in trying to (lower ) the (targets ) than in growing the business. People respond to (incentives ) by doing what is in their best interests. What is noteworthy is, first, how quickly and (radically ) people’s (behavior ) changes when (incentives ) come into play, and second, the fact that people respond to the (incentives ) themselves, and not the higher (intentions ) behind them. 26 내용. 일치 Ole Bull (was born ) in Bergen, Norway, in 1810. He was a violinist and (composer ) known for his unique performance method. His father wished for him to become a minister of the church, but he desired a musical career. At the age of five, he could play all of the songs he had heard his mother play on the violin. At age nine, he played first violin in the orchestra of Bergen’s theater. His debut as a soloist came in 1819, and by 1828 he was made (conductor ) of the Musical Lyceum. He is believed to have (composed ) more than 70 works, but only about 10 remain today. In 1850, caught up in a (rising ) (tide ) of Norwegian romantic (nationalism ), Bull co­founded the first theater in which actors performed in Norwegian (rather ) than Danish. Bull died from cancer in his home in 1880. He had (held ) his last concert in Chicago the same year, (despite ) his illness. #29 어법. English speakers have one of the simplest systems for describing familial relationships. Many African language speakers would (consider ) it (absurd ) to use a single word like “cousin” to describe both male and female (relatives ), or not to (distinguish ) whether the person described is (related ) by blood to the speaker’s father or to his mother. To be unable to (distinguish ) a brother­in­law as the brother of one’s wife or the husband of one’s sister would seem confusing within the (structure ) of personal relationships (existing ) in many cultures. Similarly, how is it possible to make sense of a situation inwhicha single word “uncle” (applies to ) the brother of one’s father and to the brother of one’s mother? The Hawaiian language uses the same term to (refer ) to one’s father and to the father’s brother. People of Northern Burma, who think in the Jinghpaw language, have eighteen basic (terms ) for describing their kin. Not one of them can be directly (translated ) into English. #30 문맥. Dworkin (suggests ) a classic (argument ) for a certain kind of (equality ) of opportunity. From Dworkin’s view, (justice ) (requires ) that a person’s (fate ) be (determined ) by things that are within that person’s (control ), not by luck. If differences in well­being are (determined ) by (circumstances ) (lying ) (outside ) of an individual’s (control ), they are unjust. According to this (argument ), inequality of well­being that is driven by differences in individual choices or tastes is (acceptable ). But we should seek to (eliminate ) inequality of well­being that is driven by factors that are not an individual’s (responsibility ) and which prevent an individual from achieving what he or she (values ). We do so by ensuringequality of opportunity or (equality ) of (access ) to (fundamental ) (resources ). #31 빈칸. We are the CEOs of our own lives. We work hard to (urge ) ourselves to get up and go to work and do what we must do day after day. We also try to (encourage ) the people working for and with us, those who are doing business with us, and even those who (regulate ) us. We do this in our personal lives, too: From a very young age, kids try to (persuade ) their parents to do things for them (“Dad, I’m too (scared ) to do this!”) with (varying ) (degrees ) of success. As adults, we try to (encourage ) our (significant ) others to do things for us (“Sweetie, I had such a stressful day today, can you please put the kids to bed and do the dishes?”). We (attempt ) to get our kids to clean up their rooms. We try to (induce ) our neighbors to help out with a neighborhood party. (Whatever ) our (official ) job (descriptions ), we are all part­time motivators. #32 빈칸. In many (regions ) of Central America, (native ) people can but do not grow green vegetables (packed ) with (vital ) (nutrients ) such as vitamin A. Generally speaking, the people do not have a tradition of raising these crops. They often have (limited ) education in general and almost no (exposure ) to health and (nutrition ) advice, and they grow what feeds the most people. They often have (plenty ) of tortillas and beans, so they have (sufficient ) protein, and they eat until full. Yet the lack of micronutrients leads to their children developing (blindness ), iron (deficiency ), and other growth (disorders ). In these situations, families have to be educated about (nutrition ), (encouraged ) to (diversify ) their diets, plant more green vegetables, and sometimes receive nutritional assistance to correct imbalances. 33 빈칸. One of the most (curious ) paintings of the Renaissance is a careful (depiction ) of a weedy patch of ground by Albrecht Dürer. Dürer (extracts ) design and harmony from an (apparently ) (random ) collection of weeds and grasses that we would normally not think twice to look at. By taking such an (ordinary ) thing, he is able to (convey ) his (artistry ) in a pure form. In a similar way, scientists often choose to study humble (subjects ) when trying to understand the (essence ) of a problem. Studying (relatively ) simple systems avoids unnecessary complications, and can (allow ) deeper (insights ) to be (obtained ). This is (particularly ) true when we are trying to understand something as problematic as our ability to learn. Human (reactions ) are so complex that they can be difficult to (interpret ) (objectively ). It sometimes helps to step back and (consider ) how more (modest ) creatures, like bacteria or weeds, deal with the challenges they face. 34 빈칸. This true story is about a government­owned shoe factory in Poland in the days when the country had a much more socialist economy. Every month, the (Polish ) government gave the factory materials, and the manager was told to (produce ) a (fixed ) number of shoes. Because there was no (profit ) (motive ) (involved ), the manager’s basic goal was to meet the quota in the easiest possible way―by producing only small shoes. This (production ) (strategy ) created a problem for people who had big feet, and so the government (revised ) the system. Now the factory received the same (amount ) of materials, but instead of producing a (fixed ) number of shoes, the factory was (expected to ) (produce ) a (fixed ) number of tons of shoes. In other words, the factory’s output would now be (weighed ) (rather ) than counted. And again, the factory’s manager responded in the most (efficient ) way, by producing nothing but huge shoes. In (either ) situation, the government’s (strategy ) did not provide any (motivation ) to (produce ) shoes in various sizes that met people’s needs. 35 무관한. The use of drones in science has been increasing. Drones may be useful to collect all kinds of research data. For instance, in meteorology drones can collect data on humidity, (pressure ), (temperature ), wind (force ), (radiation ), etc. In case of nearing tornados or (hurricanes ), people can seek safety with the help of the data gathered by drones. Drones can gather (relevant ) data in places that were (previously ) difficult or (costly ) to (reach )―data that may provide new scientific knowledge about the (atmosphere ) and the climate. Such knowledge may improve (existing ) climate models and provide more (accurate ) (predictions ). 36 순서. Crossing the street in Los Angeles is a (tricky ) business, but luckily, at the (press ) of a button, we can stop traffic. Or can we? The button’s real purpose is to make us believe we have an influence on the traffic lights, and thus we’re (better ) able to endure the wait for the (signal ) to change with more patience. The same goes for “door­open” and “door­close” buttons in elevators: Many are not even connected to the (electrical ) panel. Such (tricks ) are also designed in offices: For some people it will always be too hot, for others, too cold. Clever (technicians ) create the (illusion ) of (control ) by installing fake (temperature ) dials. This reduces energy bills―and complaints. Such (tricks ) are (called ) “placebo buttons” and they are being pushed in all sorts of (contexts ). 37 순서. Both taxi and bus drivers use a part of their brain (called ) the (hippocampus ) to navigate (routes ) that can sometimes be very (complicated ). Who would you guess has the larger (hippocampus ): the taxi driver or bus driver? The answer is the taxi driver. This is because taxi drivers need to take new (routes ) quite often. To do this, they use their (hippocampus ) (intensively ) to memorize all kinds of (routes ) and (figure ) out the quickest way to (reach ) their (destinations ). In contrast, most bus drivers (follow ) the same (route ) every day and (therefore ) do not (stimulate ) their (hippocampus ) as much. Over time, the taxi driver’s role (triggers ) a growth of (neurons ) and (synapses ) in the (hippocampus ), resulting in its increased size. Brain changes like this are the basis for seeing (improvement ) in (mental ) performance. So if you put (away ) your satellite (navigation ) system and (regularly ) use your memory instead, you may end up with a larger (hippocampus ) and perhaps a (better ) memory, too. 38 삽입. Emotion plays an (essential ) role in all our (pursuits )―(including ) our (pursuit ) of happiness. It is nearly impossible for us to imagine a life without emotion. Think of an emotionless robot that, other than the (capacity ) for emotions, has exactly the same physical and (cognitive ) (characteristics ) as humans. The robot thinks and (behaves ) in the same way that (humans do ). It can discuss deep (philosophical ) issues and (follow ) complex (logic ); it can dig (tunnels ) and build skyscrapers. Yet, although the robot is (sophisticated ), it lacks all (motivation ) to act. This is because even the most basic desires are (dependent ) on emotions―the one thing this robot lacks. #39 삽입. Favorite websites sometimes greet users like old friends. Online bookstores welcome their customers by name and (suggest ) new books they might like to read. Real (estate ) sites tell their visitors about new (properties ) that have come on the market. These (tricks ) are made possible by cookies, small files that an Internet server stores inside individuals’ web browsers so it can remember them. (Therefore ), cookies can (greatly ) benefit individuals. For example, cookies save users the (chore ) of having to enter names and (addresses ) into e­commerce websites every time they make a purchase. However, (concerns ) have been raised that cookies, which can (track ) what people do online, may be (violating ) (privacy ) by helping companies or government agencies (accumulate ) personal information. (Security ) is another (concern ): Cookies make (shared ) computers (far ) less (secure ) and offer hackers many ways to break into systems. #40 요약문. We often (assume ) we see our physical (surroundings ) as they actually are. But new research (suggests ) that how we see the world (depends ) on what we want from it. When a group of psychologists asked people to (estimate ) how (far ) (away ) a bottle of water was, those who were thirsty guessed it was closer than nonthirsty people did. This difference in (perception ) showed up in a physical challenge, too. When people were told to toss a beanbag at a $25 gift card, and that the closest would win it, people threw their beanbags nine inches short on average. But when the gift card’s (value ) was $0, people threw their beanbags past the card by an inch. As the brain (evolved ), people who saw distances to goals as shorter might have gone after what they wanted more often. This error in (perception ) was actually an advantage, (leading ) people to get what they needed.

This is ⌘Orgin. Fill in the blanks. 😍 #21 요지. The effects of climate change will not be equally distributed across the globe, and there are likely to be winners and losers as the planet warms. Regarding climate effects in general, developing countries are likely to experience more negative effects of global warming. Not only do many developing countries have naturally warmer climates than those in the developed world, they also rely more heavily on climate sensitive sectors such as agriculture, forestry, and tourism. As temperatures rise further, regions such as Africa will face declining crop yields and will struggle to produce sufficient food for domestic consumption, ⚠️ [접속사]while their major exports will likely fall in volume. This effect will be made worse for these regions if developed countries are able to make up for the fall in agricultural output with new sources, potentially from their own domestic economies as their land becomes more suitable for growing crops. #22 요지. Nervousness about public speaking is one of the most common fears among people. It can serve as a real and significant barrier to effective communication and ultimately to academic and professional success. Debate is an ideal setting to develop coping strategies ⚠️ [접속사]that allow people to manage their speech anxiety. Because debate both requires and allows for a lot of preparation, individuals develop confidence in their materials and passion for the ideas they support. Debate provides a focus on the content over style, so the attention is on the arguments, not on the person. Participants may forget to be nervous as they have so much else to think about. And repetition of experience helps them build confidence and learn to cope with their inevitable nervousness in such a way as to prevent it from interfering with their objectives. #23 주제. Many parents who have experienced personal hardship desire a better life for their children. To want to spare children from having to go through unpleasant experiences is a noble aim, and it naturally stems from love and concern for the child. ⚠️ [접속사]What these parents don’t realize, ⚠️ [연결사]however , is ⚠️ [접속사]that ⚠️ [접속사]while in the short term they may be making the lives of their children more pleasant, in the long term they may be preventing their children from acquiring self­confidence, mental strength, and important interpersonal skills. Samuel Smiles, a nineteenth­century English author, wrote, “It is doubtful whether any heavier curse could be forced on man than the complete gratification of all his wishes without effort on his part, leaving nothing for his hopes, desires, or struggles.” For healthy development, the child needs to deal with some failure, struggle through some difficult periods, and experience some painful emotions. #24 제목. In 1947, when the Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered, archaeologists set a finder’s fee for each new document. Instead of lots of extra scrolls being found, they were simply torn apart to increase the reward. Similarly, in China in the nineteenth century, an incentive was offered for finding dinosaur bones. Farmers located a few on their land, broke them into pieces, and made a lot of money. Modern incentives are no better: Company boards promise bonuses for achieved targets. And ⚠️ [접속사]what happens? Managers invest more energy in trying to lower the targets than in growing the business. People respond to incentives by doing ⚠️ [접속사]what is in their best interests. ⚠️ [접속사]What is noteworthy is, first, ⚠️ [접속사]how quickly and radically people’s behavior changes when incentives come into play, and second, the fact ⚠️ [접속사]that people respond to the incentives themselves, and not the higher intentions behind them. 26 내용. 일치 Ole Bull was born in Bergen, Norway, in 1810. He was a violinist and composer known for his unique performance method. His father wished for him to become a minister of the church, but he desired a musical career. At the age of five, he could play all of the songs he had heard his mother play on the violin. At age nine, he played first violin in the orchestra of Bergen’s theater. His debut as a soloist came in 1819, and by 1828 he was made conductor of the Musical Lyceum. He is believed to have composed more than 70 works, but only about 10 remain today. In 1850, caught up in a rising tide of Norwegian romantic nationalism, Bull co­founded the first theater in ⚠️ [접속사]which actors performed in Norwegian rather than Danish. Bull died from cancer in his home in 1880. He had held his last concert in Chicago the same year, despite his illness. #29 어법. English speakers have one of the simplest systems for describing familial relationships. Many African language speakers would consider it absurd to use a single word like “cousin” to describe both male and female relatives, or not to distinguish whether the person described is related by blood to the speaker’s father or to his mother. To be unable to distinguish a brother­in­law as the brother of one’s wife or the husband of one’s sister would seem confusing within the structure of personal relationships existing in many cultures. Similarly, ⚠️ [접속사]how is it possible to make sense of a situation inwhicha single word “uncle” applies to the brother of one’s father and to the brother of one’s mother? The Hawaiian language uses the same term to refer to one’s father and to the father’s brother. People of Northern Burma, who think in the Jinghpaw language, have eighteen basic terms for describing their kin. Not one of them can be directly translated into English. #30 문맥. Dworkin suggests a classic argument for a certain kind of equality of opportunity. From Dworkin’s view, justice requires ⚠️ [접속사]that a person’s fate be determined by things ⚠️ [접속사]that are within ⚠️ [접속사]that person’s control, not by luck. If differences in well­being are determined by circumstances lying outside of an individual’s control, they are unjust. According to this argument, inequality of well­being ⚠️ [접속사]that is driven by differences in individual choices or tastes is acceptable. But we should seek to eliminate inequality of well­being ⚠️ [접속사]that is driven by factors ⚠️ [접속사]that are not an individual’s responsibility and ⚠️ [접속사]which prevent an individual from achieving ⚠️ [접속사]what he or she values. We do so by ensuringequality of opportunity or equality of access to fundamental resources. #31 빈칸. We are the CEOs of our own lives. We work hard to urge ourselves to get up and go to work and do ⚠️ [접속사]what we must do day after day. We also try to encourage the people working for and with us, those who are doing business with us, and even those who regulate us. We do this in our personal lives, too: From a very young age, kids try to persuade their parents to do things for them (“Dad, I’m too scared to do this!”) with varying degrees of success. As adults, we try to encourage our significant others to do things for us (“Sweetie, I had such a stressful day today, can you please put the kids to bed and do the dishes?”). We attempt to get our kids to clean up their rooms. We try to induce our neighbors to help out with a neighborhood party. ⚠️ [접속사]Whatever our official job descriptions, we are all part­time motivators. #32 빈칸. In many regions of Central America, native people can but do not grow green vegetables packed with vital nutrients such as vitamin A. Generally speaking, the people do not have a tradition of raising these crops. They often have limited education in general and almost no exposure to health and nutrition advice, and they grow ⚠️ [접속사]what feeds the most people. They often have plenty of tortillas and beans, so they have sufficient protein, and they eat ⚠️ [접속사]until full. Yet the lack of micronutrients leads to their children developing blindness, iron deficiency, and other growth disorders. In these situations, families have to be educated about nutrition, encouraged to diversify their diets, plant more green vegetables, and sometimes receive nutritional assistance to correct imbalances. 33 빈칸. One of the most curious paintings of the Renaissance is a careful depiction of a weedy patch of ground by Albrecht Dürer. Dürer extracts design and harmony from an apparently random collection of weeds and grasses ⚠️ [접속사]that we would normally not think twice to look at. By taking such an ordinary thing, he is able to convey his artistry in a pure form. In a similar way, scientists often choose to study humble subjects when trying to understand the essence of a problem. Studying relatively simple systems avoids unnecessary complications, and can allow deeper insights to be obtained. This is particularly true when we are trying to understand something as problematic as our ability to learn. Human reactions are so complex ⚠️ [접속사]that they can be difficult to interpret objectively. It sometimes helps to step back and consider ⚠️ [접속사]how more modest creatures, like bacteria or weeds, deal with the challenges they face. 34 빈칸. This true story is about a government­owned shoe factory in Poland in the days when the country had a much more socialist economy. Every month, the Polish government gave the factory materials, and the manager was told to produce a fixed number of shoes. Because there was no profit motive involved, the manager’s basic goal was to meet the quota in the easiest possible way―by producing only small shoes. This production strategy created a problem for people who had big feet, and so the government revised the system. Now the factory received the same amount of materials, but instead of producing a fixed number of shoes, the factory was expected to produce a fixed number of tons of shoes. In other words, the factory’s output would now be weighed rather than counted. And again, the factory’s manager responded in the most efficient way, by producing nothing but huge shoes. In either situation, the government’s strategy did not provide any motivation to produce shoes in various sizes ⚠️ [접속사]that met people’s needs. 35 무관한. The use of drones in science ⚠️ [have be increas]has been increasing . Drones may be useful to collect all kinds of research data. ⚠️ [연결사]For instance , in meteorology drones can collect data on humidity, pressure, temperature, wind force, radiation, etc. In case of nearing tornados or hurricanes, people can seek safety with the help of the data gathered by drones. Drones can gather relevant data in places ⚠️ [접속사]that were previously difficult or costly to reach―data ⚠️ [접속사]that may provide new scientific knowledge about the atmosphere and the climate. Such knowledge may improve existing climate models and provide more accurate predictions. 36 순서. Crossing the street in Los Angeles is a tricky business, but luckily, at the press of a button, we can stop traffic. Or can we? The button’s real purpose is to make us believe we have an influence on the traffic lights, and thus we’re better able to endure the wait for the signal to change with more patience. The same goes for “door­open” and “door­close” buttons in elevators: Many are not even connected to the electrical panel. Such tricks are also designed in offices: For some people it will always be too hot, for others, too cold. Clever technicians create the illusion of control by installing fake temperature dials. This reduces energy bills―and complaints. Such tricks are called “placebo buttons” and they ⚠️ [be be push]are being pushed in all sorts of contexts. 37 순서. Both taxi and bus drivers use a part of their brain called the hippocampus to navigate routes ⚠️ [접속사]that can sometimes be very complicated. Who would you guess has the larger hippocampus: the taxi driver or bus driver? The answer is the taxi driver. This is because taxi drivers need to take new routes quite often. To do this, they use their hippocampus intensively to memorize all kinds of routes and figure out the quickest way to reach their destinations. ⚠️ [연결사]In contrast , most bus drivers follow the same route every day and therefore do not stimulate their hippocampus as much. Over time, the taxi driver’s role triggers a growth of neurons and synapses in the hippocampus, resulting in its increased size. Brain changes like this are the basis for seeing improvement in mental performance. So if you put away your satellite navigation system and regularly use your memory instead, you may end up with a larger hippocampus and perhaps a better memory, too. 38 삽입. Emotion plays an essential role in all our pursuits―including our pursuit of happiness. It is nearly impossible for us to imagine a life without emotion. Think of an emotionless robot ⚠️ [접속사]that , other than the capacity for emotions, has exactly the same physical and cognitive characteristics as humans. The robot thinks and behaves in the same way ⚠️ [접속사]that humans do. It can discuss deep philosophical issues and follow complex logic; it can dig tunnels and build skyscrapers. Yet, ⚠️ [접속사]although the robot is sophisticated, it lacks all motivation to act. This is because even the most basic desires are dependent on emotions―the one thing this robot lacks. #39 삽입. Favorite websites sometimes greet users like old friends. Online bookstores welcome their customers by name and suggest new books they might like to read. Real estate sites tell their visitors about new properties ⚠️ [접속사]that have come on the market. These tricks are made possible by cookies, small files ⚠️ [접속사]that an Internet server stores inside individuals’ web browsers so it can remember them. Therefore, cookies can greatly benefit individuals. ⚠️ [연결사]For example , cookies save users the chore of having to enter names and addresses into e­commerce websites every time they make a purchase. ⚠️ [연결사]However , concerns ⚠️ [have be rais]have been raised ⚠️ [접속사]that cookies, ⚠️ [접속사]which can track ⚠️ [접속사]what people do online, may be violating privacy by helping companies or government agencies accumulate personal information. Security is another concern: Cookies make shared computers far less secure and offer hackers many ways to break into systems. #40 요약문. We often assume we see our physical surroundings as they actually are. But new research suggests ⚠️ [접속사]that ⚠️ [접속사]how we see the world depends on ⚠️ [접속사]what we want from it. When a group of psychologists asked people to estimate ⚠️ [접속사]how far away a bottle of water was, those who were thirsty guessed it was closer than nonthirsty people did. This difference in perception showed up in a physical challenge, too. When people were told to toss a beanbag at a $25 gift card, and ⚠️ [접속사]that the closest would win it, people threw their beanbags nine inches short on average. But when the gift card’s value was $0, people threw their beanbags past the card by an inch. As the brain evolved, people who saw distances to goals as shorter might have gone after ⚠️ [접속사]what they wanted more often. This error in perception was actually an advantage, leading people to get ⚠️ [접속사]what they needed.

This is ⌘ SentenceOrder. 🤖 21 요지. The effects of climate change will not be equally distributed across the globe, and there are likely to be winners and losers as the planet warms. ( ) This effect will be made worse for these regions if developed countries are able to make up for the fall in agricultural output with new sources, potentially from their own domestic economies as their land becomes more suitable for growing crops. ( ) Not only do many developing countries have naturally warmer climates than those in the developed world, they also rely more heavily on climate sensitive sectors such as agriculture, forestry, and tourism. ( ) Regarding climate effects in general, developing countries are likely to experience more negative effects of global warming. ( ) As temperatures rise further, regions such as Africa will face declining crop yields and will struggle to produce sufficient food for domestic consumption, while their major exports will likely fall in volume. 22 요지. Nervousness about public speaking is one of the most common fears among people. ( ) Because debate both requires and allows for a lot of preparation, individuals develop confidence in their materials and passion for the ideas they support. ( ) It can serve as a real and significant barrier to effective communication and ultimately to academic and professional success. ( ) Debate provides a focus on the content over style, so the attention is on the arguments, not on the person. ( ) And repetition of experience helps them build confidence and learn to cope with their inevitable nervousness in such a way as to prevent it from interfering with their objectives. ( ) Debate is an ideal setting to develop coping strategies that allow people to manage their speech anxiety. ( ) Participants may forget to be nervous as they have so much else to think about. 23 주제. Many parents who have experienced personal hardship desire a better life for their children. ( ) Samuel Smiles, a nineteenth\xadcentury English author, wrote, “It is doubtful whether any heavier curse could be forced on man than the complete gratification of all his wishes without effort on his part, leaving nothing for his hopes, desires, or struggles.” ( ) For healthy development, the child needs to deal with some failure, struggle through some difficult periods, and experience some painful emotions. ( ) What these parents don’t realize, however, is that while in the short term they may be making the lives of their children more pleasant, in the long term they may be preventing their children from acquiring self\xadconfidence, mental strength, and important interpersonal skills. ( ) To want to spare children from having to go through unpleasant experiences is a noble aim, and it naturally stems from love and concern for the child. 24 제목. In 1947, when the Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered, archaeologists set a finder’s fee for each new document. ( ) 일치 Ole Bull was born in Bergen, Norway, in 1810. ( ) Similarly, in China in the nineteenth century, an incentive was offered for finding dinosaur bones. ( ) At age nine, he played first violin in the orchestra of Bergen’s theater. ( ) In 1850, caught up in a rising tide of Norwegian romantic nationalism, Bull co\xadfounded the first theater in which actors performed in Norwegian rather than Danish. ( ) Managers invest more energy in trying to lower the targets than in growing the business. ( ) 26 내용. ( ) Farmers located a few on their land, broke them into pieces, and made a lot of money. ( ) Instead of lots of extra scrolls being found, they were simply torn apart to increase the reward. ( ) Modern incentives are no better: Company boards promise bonuses for achieved targets. ( ) People respond to incentives by doing what is in their best interests. ( ) He is believed to have composed more than 70 works, but only about 10 remain today. ( ) Bull died from cancer in his home in 1880. ( ) And what happens? ( ) At the age of five, he could play all of the songs he had heard his mother play on the violin. ( ) He had held his last concert in Chicago the same year, despite his illness. ( ) His debut as a soloist came in 1819, and by 1828 he was made conductor of the Musical Lyceum. ( ) He was a violinist and composer known for his unique performance method. ( ) His father wished for him to become a minister of the church, but he desired a musical career. ( ) What is noteworthy is, first, how quickly and radically people’s behavior changes when incentives come into play, and second, the fact that people respond to the incentives themselves, and not the higher intentions behind them. 29 어법. English speakers have one of the simplest systems for describing familial relationships. ( ) Similarly, how is it possible to make sense of a situation inwhicha single word “uncle” applies to the brother of one’s father and to the brother of one’s mother? ( ) People of Northern Burma, who think in the Jinghpaw language, have eighteen basic terms for describing their kin. ( ) To be unable to distinguish a brother\xadin\xadlaw as the brother of one’s wife or the husband of one’s sister would seem confusing within the structure of personal relationships existing in many cultures. ( ) The Hawaiian language uses the same term to refer to one’s father and to the father’s brother. ( ) Many African language speakers would consider it absurd to use a single word like “cousin” to describe both male and female relatives, or not to distinguish whether the person described is related by blood to the speaker’s father or to his mother. ( ) Not one of them can be directly translated into English. 30 문맥. Dworkin suggests a classic argument for a certain kind of equality of opportunity. ( ) According to this argument, inequality of well\xadbeing that is driven by differences in individual choices or tastes is acceptable. ( ) From Dworkin’s view, justice requires that a person’s fate be determined by things that are within that person’s control, not by luck. ( ) We do so by ensuringequality of opportunity or equality of access to fundamental resources. ( ) If differences in well\xadbeing are determined by circumstances lying outside of an individual’s control, they are unjust. ( ) But we should seek to eliminate inequality of well\xadbeing that is driven by factors that are not an individual’s responsibility and which prevent an individual from achieving what he or she values. 31 빈칸. We are the CEOs of our own lives. ( ) We also try to encourage the people working for and with us, those who are doing business with us, and even those who regulate us. ( ) We try to induce our neighbors to help out with a neighborhood party. ( ) We do this in our personal lives, too: From a very young age, kids try to persuade their parents to do things for them (“Dad, I’m too scared to do this!”) with varying degrees of success. ( ) As adults, we try to encourage our significant others to do things for us (“Sweetie, I had such a stressful day today, can you please put the kids to bed and do the dishes?”). ( ) We attempt to get our kids to clean up their rooms. ( ) Whatever our official job descriptions, we are all part\xadtime motivators. ( ) We work hard to urge ourselves to get up and go to work and do what we must do day after day. 32 빈칸. In many regions of Central America, native people can but do not grow green vegetables packed with vital nutrients such as vitamin A. ( ) 38 삽입. ( ) 37 순서. ( ) Now the factory received the same amount of materials, but instead of producing a fixed number of shoes, the factory was expected to produce a fixed number of tons of shoes. ( ) In either situation, the government’s strategy did not provide any motivation to produce shoes in various sizes that met people’s needs. ( ) This is because even the most basic desires are dependent on emotions―the one thing this robot lacks. ( ) Yet the lack of micronutrients leads to their children developing blindness, iron deficiency, and other growth disorders. ( ) Studying relatively simple systems avoids unnecessary complications, and can allow deeper insights to be obtained. ( ) It is nearly impossible for us to imagine a life without emotion. ( ) Drones can gather relevant data in places that were previously difficult or costly to reach―data that may provide new scientific knowledge about the atmosphere and the climate. ( ) In other words, the factory’s output would now be weighed rather than counted. ( ) Such tricks are also designed in offices: For some people it will always be too hot, for others, too cold. ( ) Human reactions are so complex that they can be difficult to interpret objectively. ( ) Think of an emotionless robot that, other than the capacity for emotions, has exactly the same physical and cognitive characteristics as humans. ( ) In a similar way, scientists often choose to study humble subjects when trying to understand the essence of a problem. ( ) Clever technicians create the illusion of control by installing fake temperature dials. ( ) In these situations, families have to be educated about nutrition, encouraged to diversify their diets, plant more green vegetables, and sometimes receive nutritional assistance to correct imbalances. ( ) It sometimes helps to step back and consider how more modest creatures, like bacteria or weeds, deal with the challenges they face. ( ) The answer is the taxi driver. ( ) In case of nearing tornados or hurricanes, people can seek safety with the help of the data gathered by drones. ( ) Or can we? ( ) It can discuss deep philosophical issues and follow complex logic; it can dig tunnels and build skyscrapers. ( ) This is particularly true when we are trying to understand something as problematic as our ability to learn. ( ) The use of drones in science has been increasing. ( ) Because there was no profit motive involved, the manager’s basic goal was to meet the quota in the easiest possible way―by producing only small shoes. ( ) They often have limited education in general and almost no exposure to health and nutrition advice, and they grow what feeds the most people. ( ) Over time, the taxi driver’s role triggers a growth of neurons and synapses in the hippocampus, resulting in its increased size. ( ) 35 무관한. ( ) For instance, in meteorology drones can collect data on humidity, pressure, temperature, wind force, radiation, etc. ( ) The same goes for “door\xadopen” and “door\xadclose” buttons in elevators: Many are not even connected to the electrical panel. ( ) One of the most curious paintings of the Renaissance is a careful depiction of a weedy patch of ground by Albrecht Dürer. ( ) Generally speaking, the people do not have a tradition of raising these crops. ( ) Such knowledge may improve existing climate models and provide more accurate predictions. ( ) Every month, the Polish government gave the factory materials, and the manager was told to produce a fixed number of shoes. ( ) Such tricks are called “placebo buttons” and they are being pushed in all sorts of contexts. ( ) Who would you guess has the larger hippocampus: the taxi driver or bus driver? ( ) 33 빈칸. ( ) Yet, although the robot is sophisticated, it lacks all motivation to act. ( ) This production strategy created a problem for people who had big feet, and so the government revised the system. ( ) Both taxi and bus drivers use a part of their brain called the hippocampus to navigate routes that can sometimes be very complicated. ( ) In contrast, most bus drivers follow the same route every day and therefore do not stimulate their hippocampus as much. ( ) The robot thinks and behaves in the same way that humans do. ( ) Dürer extracts design and harmony from an apparently random collection of weeds and grasses that we would normally not think twice to look at. ( ) This reduces energy bills―and complaints. ( ) 36 순서. ( ) Drones may be useful to collect all kinds of research data. ( ) 34 빈칸. ( ) This true story is about a government\xadowned shoe factory in Poland in the days when the country had a much more socialist economy. ( ) Emotion plays an essential role in all our pursuits―including our pursuit of happiness. ( ) They often have plenty of tortillas and beans, so they have sufficient protein, and they eat until full. ( ) So if you put away your satellite navigation system and regularly use your memory instead, you may end up with a larger hippocampus and perhaps a better memory, too. ( ) Brain changes like this are the basis for seeing improvement in mental performance. ( ) And again, the factory’s manager responded in the most efficient way, by producing nothing but huge shoes. ( ) To do this, they use their hippocampus intensively to memorize all kinds of routes and figure out the quickest way to reach their destinations. ( ) The button’s real purpose is to make us believe we have an influence on the traffic lights, and thus we’re better able to endure the wait for the signal to change with more patience. ( ) By taking such an ordinary thing, he is able to convey his artistry in a pure form. ( ) Crossing the street in Los Angeles is a tricky business, but luckily, at the press of a button, we can stop traffic. ( ) This is because taxi drivers need to take new routes quite often. 39 삽입. Favorite websites sometimes greet users like old friends. ( ) Online bookstores welcome their customers by name and suggest new books they might like to read. ( ) Real estate sites tell their visitors about new properties that have come on the market. ( ) However, concerns have been raised that cookies, which can track what people do online, may be violating privacy by helping companies or government agencies accumulate personal information. ( ) These tricks are made possible by cookies, small files that an Internet server stores inside individuals’ web browsers so it can remember them. ( ) Therefore, cookies can greatly benefit individuals. ( ) For example, cookies save users the chore of having to enter names and addresses into e\xadcommerce websites every time they make a purchase. ( ) Security is another concern: Cookies make shared computers far less secure and offer hackers many ways to break into systems. 40 요약문. We often assume we see our physical surroundings as they actually are. ( ) But when the gift card’s value was $0, people threw their beanbags past the card by an inch. ( ) This error in perception was actually an advantage, leading people to get what they needed. ( ) This difference in perception showed up in a physical challenge, too. ( ) But new research suggests that how we see the world depends on what we want from it. ( ) When a group of psychologists asked people to estimate how far away a bottle of water was, those who were thirsty guessed it was closer than nonthirsty people did. ( ) As the brain evolved, people who saw distances to goals as shorter might have gone after what they wanted more often. ( ) When people were told to toss a beanbag at a $25 gift card, and that the closest would win it, people threw their beanbags nine inches short on average.

This is ⌘VOCAB_Eng-Kor Quiz. 😻 What does 'absurd' mean?
① 기르다 ② 카테고리 ③ 회사 ④ 건설적인 ⑤ 어리석은
What does 'access' mean?
① 접근 ② 우세한 ③ 과식하다 ④ 여유있는 ⑤ 혼돈
What does 'accumulate' mean?
① 거대하게 ② 탈 4 륜 ③ 돈 ④ 멜로디 ⑤ 채집
What does 'accurate' mean?
① 막다 ② 정확한 ③ 소유하다 ④ 공동체 ⑤ 뉴런
What does 'adopt' mean?
① 위협 ② 입양하다 ③ 편리함 ④ 저작권 ⑤ 만연하다
What does 'agricultural' mean?
① 겪다 ② 모험 ③ 농업의 ④ 생략하다 ⑤ 순회주위
What does 'agriculture' mean?
① 보험에 ② 정당화하다 ③ 원정 ④ 농업 ⑤ 부과하다
What does 'aim' mean?
① 목표 ② 상태 ③ 10년 ④ 확실성 ⑤ 기념품
What does 'amount' mean?
① 제거하는 ② 카탈로그를 ③ 임신한 ④ 쉴곳 ⑤ 양
What does 'argument' mean?
① 논쟁 ② 능력 ③ 해결하다 ④ 기술자 ⑤ 감사
What does 'artistry' mean?
① 멸종한 ② 예술성 ③ 군중 ④ 상대 ⑤ 차지하지않다
What does 'assume' mean?
① 거주하다 ② 가정하다 ③ 현실주의 ④ 건설하다 ⑤ 생존
What does 'atmosphere' mean?
① 속이는 ② 정교한 ③ 공기 ④ 타고난 ⑤ 적극적으로
What does 'attempt' mean?
① 발견 ② 시도 ③ 위쪽 ④ 보험에 ⑤ 기준
What does 'barrier' mean?
① 장벽 ② 고통 ③ 묵살하다 ④ 친근한 ⑤ 관련있는
What does 'behavior' mean?
① 초대 ② 영감 ③ 행동 ④ 있을 ⑤ 문명화
What does 'blindness' mean?
① 동의 ② 맹인됨 ③ 여보 ④ 매우 ⑤ 자비로운
What does 'capacity' mean?
① 매료된 ② 용량 ③ 의도적인 ④ 기술 ⑤ 시험을
What does 'chore' mean?
① 잡일 ② 협력하다 ③ 동료 ④ 현실주의 ⑤ 크게
What does 'cognitive' mean?
① 긴장한 ② 사회의 ③ 공포 ④ 인지의 ⑤ 중앙의
What does 'concern' mean?
① 걱정 ② 효율적으로 ③ 방식 ④ 프로젝트 ⑤ 편리함
What does 'confidence' mean?
① 자신감 ② 더러움 ③ 관점 ④ 유리한 ⑤ 지배하다
What does 'consumption' mean?
① 소비 ② 믿을 ③ 예술성 ④ 통일하다 ⑤ 정치학
What does 'content' mean?
① 합리적으로하다 ② 을 ③ 증명서 ④ 번역가 ⑤ 내용
What does 'control' mean?
① 돌리다 ② 가능한 ③ 예측할 수 없는 ④ 통제 ⑤ 재활용하다
What does 'convey' mean?
① 확신하고 ② 합병 ③ 전하다 ④ 치료 ⑤ 단서
What does 'cooperation' mean?
① 제안하다 ② 협력 ③ 쓰고 버릴수 있는 ④ 신호 ⑤ 성격
What does 'cope' mean?
① 다루다 ② 우주 ③ 맞추다 ④ 비판 하다 ⑤ 물리학자
What does 'curse' mean?
① 저주하다 ② 부서지기 쉬움 ③ 보충물 ④ 전문화 ⑤ 공언하다
What does 'deficiency' mean?
① 노출시키다 ② 신체적으로 ③ 결점 ④ 말기의 ⑤ 돌진하는
What does 'dependent' mean?
① 바꾸다 ② 용서하다 ③ 괴상한 ④ 의존하는 ⑤ 부분적으로
What does 'depiction' mean?
① 공장 ② 분석가 ③ 묘사 ④ 대륙 ⑤ 안내/지도
What does 'distinguish' mean?
① 뉴런 ② 탐험 ③ 안정된 ④ 통치자 ⑤ 구별하다
What does 'diversify' mean?
① 통제하다 ② 시각적으로 ③ 길/수단 ④ 준비하다 ⑤ 다각화하다
What does 'domestic' mean?
① 비어있는 ② 기념일 ③ 충동 ④ 가정의/국내의 ⑤ 비슷한
What does 'effective' mean?
① 발음하다 ② 쓴 ③ 효과적인 ④ 타고난 ⑤ 자외선
What does 'efficient' mean?
① 형벌 ② 제조업자 ③ 잡았다 ④ 능률적인 ⑤ 모방
What does 'electrical' mean?
① 대체하다 ② 초조 ③ 전기의 ④ 계약금 ⑤ 적당한
What does 'equality' mean?
① 효과적으로 ② 부서지기 쉬움 ③ 소유물 ④ 평등 ⑤ 헌팅
What does 'equally' mean?
① 똑같이 ② 유전 ③ 죽다 ④ 발명하다 ⑤ 큰
What does 'essence' mean?
① 혁명 ② 경작하다 ③ 따라잡다 ④ 본질 ⑤ 지배하다
What does 'essential' mean?
① 투명한 ② 확신하고 ③ 활력 ④ 상승하다 ⑤ 필수적인
What does 'estate' mean?
① 보충물 ② 근원 ③ 정리하다 ④ 강렬함 ⑤ 재산
What does 'estimate' mean?
① 자발적인 ② 추정 ③ 통과 ④ 밀 ⑤ 기구
What does 'exposure' mean?
① 해협 ② 처럼 ③ 성장 ④ 노출 ⑤ 방해하다
What does 'failure' mean?
① 감옥 ② 계속해서 ③ 떨어져 ④ 실패 ⑤ 섭취
What does 'fate' mean?
① 운명 ② 지저분한 ③ 엄청난 ④ 열렬한 ⑤ 풍부함
What does 'figure' mean?
① 어리석은 ② 기질 ③ 할 ④ 결석한 ⑤ 인물/수치
What does 'fundamental' mean?
① 정착하다 ② 근본적인 ③ 고통 ④ 이혼 ⑤ 일시
What does 'hardship' mean?
① 근원 ② 무시하다 ③ 역경 ④ 사소한 ⑤ 우아한
What does 'hippocampus' mean?
① 돈 ② 묘사하다 ③ 선택 ④ 함께하기 어려운 ⑤ 해마
What does 'ideal' mean?
① 이상적인 ② 무한한 ③ 기념품 ④ 습한 ⑤ 창조물
What does 'illusion' mean?
① 구 ② 완전한 ③ 환상 ④ 파편 ⑤ 만화
What does 'improvement' mean?
① 회전하다 ② 비활성화 ③ 개선 ④ 자유 ⑤ 놀라운
What does 'incentive' mean?
① 관리 ② 인기 ③ 과정 ④ 발굴하다 ⑤ 동기/보너스
What does 'induce' mean?
① 향기 ② 소유물 ③ 폭발 ④ 설득하여 ⑤ 이상한
What does 'inevitable' mean?
① 중립의 ② 군단단체 ③ 피할 ④ 강화 ⑤ 길/수단
What does 'intensively' mean?
① 축하하다 ② 재정 ③ 집중적으로 ④ 복제하다 ⑤ 거부
What does 'interpersonal' mean?
① 진심에서 ② 무시하다 ③ 참가자 ④ 맹그로브 ⑤ 대인관계의
What does 'interpret' mean?
① 접근 ② 수학적인 ③ 유산 ④ 통역하다 ⑤ 빼다
What does 'invest' mean?
① 의무 ② 순간때 ③ 우화 ④ 길/수단 ⑤ 투자하다
What does 'logic' mean?
① 정책 ② 객관성 ③ 죽을 ④ 논리 ⑤ 방해하다
What does 'lying' mean?
① 맹그로브 ② 직원 ③ 도구들 ④ 거짓말하는 ⑤ 위험한
What does 'mental' mean?
① 높이다 ② 정신의 ③ 출현 ④ 석방 ⑤ 공격발병
What does 'modest' mean?
① 본질 ② 제외하다 ③ 초대 ④ 통찰력 ⑤ 겸손한
What does 'motivation' mean?
① 알아차리다 ② 관계를 짓다 ③ 알아채다 ④ 회복 ⑤ 동기
What does 'motive' mean?
① 무시하다 ② 괴상한 ③ 활력/생명력 ④ 접근 ⑤ 동기
What does 'navigation' mean?
① 짝짓다 ② 항해 ③ 변경하다 ④ 뒤쪽의 ⑤ 계약 다
What does 'noble' mean?
① 의도적으로 ② 속이는 ③ 해협 ④ 짧은 ⑤ 고상한
What does 'nutrition' mean?
① 자선 ② 열대 ③ 영양분 ④ 비교적인 ⑤ 최소한
What does 'objectively' mean?
① 잡일 ② 반대로 작용하다 ③ 생명의/중요한 ④ 객관적으로 ⑤ 읽고
What does 'official' mean?
① 이론적으로 ② 망치다 ③ 처리하다 ④ 공식적인 ⑤ 10년
What does 'ordinary' mean?
① 편안하다 ② 넘다 ③ 보통의 ④ 가치 ⑤ 붙잡다
What does 'painful' mean?
① 정책 ② 빈정대는 ③ 변경하다 ④ 괴로운 ⑤ 제안
What does 'passion' mean?
① 액체 ② 잃다 ③ 원형의 ④ 열정 ⑤ 여가
What does 'perception' mean?
① 인식 ② 미묘하게 ③ 하기쉬운 ④ 운송/수송 ⑤ 수집
What does 'persuade' mean?
① 의식적으로 ② 희극 ③ 풍부한 ④ 설득하다 ⑤ 중재하다
What does 'philosophical' mean?
① 철학적인 ② 의무를 갖게하다 ③ 위쪽으로 ④ 부드러운 ⑤ 매우
What does 'pleasant' mean?
① 진짜의 ② 움직일수있는 ③ 즐거운 ④ 비서 ⑤ 논쟁
What does 'plenty' mean?
① 성장 ② 풍부함 ③ 다르다 ④ 통합 ⑤ 경제학자
What does 'preparation' mean?
① 차지하지않다 ② 탈 4 륜 ③ 사건 ④ 준비 ⑤ 배신자
What does 'pressure' mean?
① 노력 ② 근면한 ③ 압력 ④ 자극 ⑤ 설득하여
What does 'privacy' mean?
① 발생하다 ② 제거하다 ③ 사생활 ④ 해당하는 ⑤ 초대
What does 'production' mean?
① 특권 ② 수집하다 ③ 생산 ④ 기자들 ⑤ 방향
What does 'profit' mean?
① 전문적인 ② 이익 ③ 말의 ④ 생물학적 ⑤ 신화/잘못된 생각
What does 'pursue' mean?
① 황혼 ② 식민지 ③ 추구하다 ④ 충분한 ⑤ 탔다
What does 'pursuit' mean?
① 비용 ② 풀다 ③ 추구 ④ 함께할만한 ⑤ 전설
What does 'radiation' mean?
① 환경 ② 을 하고 ③ 선언하다 ④ 평평한 ⑤ 방사능
What does 'radically' mean?
① 그 ② 사진 ③ 회전하다 ④ 근본적으로 ⑤ 전기의
What does 'random' mean?
① 확대하다하다 ② 배치하다 ③ 부상 ④ 긍정적인 ⑤ 무작위의
What does 'regularly' mean?
① 주요한 ② 집중 ③ 비판적인 ④ 규칙적으로 ⑤ 몹시 바라다
What does 'regulate' mean?
① 시도 ② 차지하다 ③ 소유하다 ④ 항생 ⑤ 규제하다
What does 'relevant' mean?
① 난파된 ② 관계가 있는 ③ 동등한 ④ 불일치 ⑤ 전문가
What does 'responsibility' mean?
① 감사 ② 제한하다 ③ 시도 ④ 그래프 ⑤ 책임
What does 'reward' mean?
① 차별하다 ② 기초하는 ③ 입증하다 ④ 세게 ⑤ 보상
What does 'scared' mean?
① 임명하다 ② 겁먹은 ③ 산업의 ④ 이전의 ⑤ 최종적인
What does 'secure' mean?
① 안전한 ② 감사 ③ 되는 ④ 보존 ⑤ 빈도수
What does 'sensitive' mean?
① 통찰력 ② 생물학 ③ 피하다 ④ 민감한 ⑤ 사라지다
What does 'signal' mean?
① 떨 다 ② 실행하다 ③ 겁나게 ④ 신호 ⑤ 정적인
What does 'simplify' mean?
① 간과하다 ② 메모기록 ③ 소설 ④ 새로움 ⑤ 단순화하다
What does 'spare' mean?
① 용서하다 ② 제출하다 ③ 계좌 ④ 무아의 ⑤ 경의를
What does 'strategy' mean?
① 전략 ② 시각적으로 ③ 호의적으로 ④ 기계 ⑤ 고립시키다
What does 'structure' mean?
① 정신 ② 근면 ③ 돌리다 ④ 보내다전하다 ⑤ 구조
What does 'struggle' mean?
① 분투하다 ② 배달하다 ③ 흥분시키다자극하다 ④ 꼼짝 ⑤ 등록하다
What does 'sufficient' mean?
① 맡기다 ② 제외한 ③ 기원 ④ 충분한 ⑤ 갑자기
What does 'suitable' mean?
① 감정의 ② 적절한 ③ 유전학의 ④ 역사적으로 ⑤ 자산
What does 'temperature' mean?
① 상태 ② 온도/체온 ③ 비만 ④ 정신의 ⑤ 보내다전하다
What does 'track' mean?
① 독창적인 ② 구독료 ③ 끊임없는 ④ 통로 ⑤ 의도적으로
What does 'traditional' mean?
① 닥치다 ② 옹호하다 ③ 생태학 ④ 전통적인 ⑤ 재단사
What does 'transportation' mean?
① 동쪽으로 ② 운송/수송 ③ 유치한 ④ 배심원 ⑤ 효과
What does 'tricky' mean?
① 주인공 ② 세금 ③ 속이는 ④ 드러내다 ⑤ 제외한
What does 'ultimately' mean?
① 주장 ② 가정의/국내의 ③ 상당한 ④ 회전 ⑤ 궁극적으로
What does 'urge' mean?
① 낭송 하다 ② 필연적으로 ③ 충동 ④ 권하다 ⑤ 겪다앓다
What does 'value' mean?
① 무서운 ② 탄원 하다 ③ 규칙적인 ④ 다루다 ⑤ 가치
What does 'vital' mean?
① 국가 ② 이중의 ③ 조합 ④ 생명의/중요한 ⑤ 낙천주의

This is ⌘VOCAB_Eng-Eng Quiz. 😂 What does 'absurd' mean?ridiculous senseless crazy illogical ludicrous unreasonable goofy preposterous
① productive persuasive useful impressive efficient sufficient powerful direct ② fair impartial disinterested evenhanded open-minded dispassionate unbiased equitable ③ inventor god designer producer founder author architect maker ④ calm moderate levelheaded balmy pleasant mild sober agreeable ⑤ ridiculous senseless crazy illogical ludicrous unreasonable goofy preposterous
What does 'access' mean?admission means of entry approach entry connection approach
① article of clothing apparel robe dress costume habiliment ② ignoring negligence disdain inattention apathy disrespect scorn indifference ③ admission means of entry approach entry connection approach ④ make use of employ handle appropriate take advantage ⑤ characteristic trick habit attribute quirk character feature peculiarity
What does 'accumulate' mean?gather or amass something compile acquire swell rack
① explain make clear resolve formulate clear up spell ② person living in a particular place dweller inmate ③ place blame for wrongdoing fault prosecute sue name ④ description of a concept phrase style word name ⑤ gather or amass something compile acquire swell rack
What does 'accurate' mean?precise detailed careful scientific solid exact meticulous definite
① precise detailed careful scientific solid exact meticulous definite ② uncompromising stern serious relentless harsh strict astringent austere ③ law custom habit fixture maxim tenet precept doctrine ④ humankind people company humanity community nation culture civilization ⑤ organization foundation school business institute academy university system
What does 'adopt' mean?choose or take something as one's own use
① scene background framework locale site environment surroundings location ② alone singular exclusive different rare uncommon particular individual ③ choose or take something as one's own use ④ sadden dismay frustrate dissatisfy disillusion dishearten dumbfound disconcert ⑤ education discipline information direction guidance training schooling preparation
What does 'agricultural' mean?concerning farming land rural gardening ranch rustic horticultural
① low spirits despair distress dreariness downheartedness dole mortification ② concerning farming land rural gardening ranch rustic horticultural ③ inventor god designer producer founder author architect maker ④ gain the confidence of satisfy prompt prove get ⑤ prove false invalidate impugn refute contradict belie confound
What does 'agriculture' mean?farming crop production horticulture culture cultivation husbandry agronomy
① group accumulation selection compilation number set assemblage lot ② turn circle whirl rotate wheel orbit twist gyrate ③ influence thrill faze excite touch affect awe sway ④ farming crop production horticulture culture cultivation husbandry agronomy ⑤ extravagant ornamental decorative gaudy lavish sumptuous elegant complicated
What does 'aim' mean?goal desire direction target wish aspiration intention intent
① answer respond acknowledge come back counter retort react ② goal desire direction target wish aspiration intention intent ③ commonness repetitiveness prevalence density number recurrence regularity repetition ④ legitimize substantiate rationalize vindicate uphold defend support advocate ⑤ containing plus with counting along with among other
What does 'amount' mean?quantity load bulk extent supply chunk number volume
① low spirits despair distress dreariness downheartedness dole mortification ② quantity load bulk extent supply chunk number volume ③ portion scope part quota breadth shot weight share ④ place for boat docking traffic and storage harbor ⑤ appreciation obligation thanks recognition acknowledgment responsiveness thanksgiving grace
What does 'argument' mean?al fight squabble clash exchange brawl disagreement controversy
① coming into sight arrival debut presentation display presence ② supply with inhabitants occupy inhabit colonize live settle ③ al fight squabble clash exchange brawl disagreement controversy ④ being mature fully grown developed grown grown-up ripe ⑤ alter change repair tweak vary adjust adapt rework
What does 'artistry' mean?great skill in creative endeavors style finesse ability
① way means of arriving access path way advance ② make a gift of give grant provide contribute ③ blame convict criticize sentence punish dece censure decry ④ fault-finding detracting demanding analytical biting captious carping censorious ⑤ great skill in creative endeavors style finesse ability
What does 'assume' mean?believe take for granted guess consider conclude accept
① drive resolve desire thought motivation whim wish influence ② fake imitation unreal bogus counterfeit ersatz factitious manufactured ③ representative self-governing egalitarian constitutional free orderly popular autonomous ④ gift of high intellect acumen knack prowess ability ⑤ believe take for granted guess consider conclude accept
What does 'assume' mean?believe take for granted guess consider conclude accept
① measurement across object width breadth bore caliber broadness ② proof information confirmation sign deposition indication testimony clue ③ believe take for granted guess consider conclude accept ④ the act of registering enrollment booking recording matriculation ⑤ extent of object distance time period breadth term
What does 'atmosphere' mean?gases around the earth pressure air envelope sky
① pierce get through physically permeate drill seep crack ② fruit and vegetables production goods crop outgrowth yield ③ sell peddle barter dispense distribute trade hawk market ④ induce stimulate invoke recall elicit arouse provoke conjure ⑤ gases around the earth pressure air envelope sky
What does 'attempt' mean?try effort shot bid try attack experiment pursuit
① joining together merger consolidation hookup alliance amalgamation combination ② try effort shot bid try attack experiment pursuit ③ get help oneself to capture earn seize receive ④ right due right exemption license advantage freedom prerogative ⑤ introduction adjustment direction location fix assimilation adaptation acclimatization
What does 'barrier' mean?obstruction fence wall limit roadblock blockade obstacle barricade
① composite mix mixture combination fusion concoction brew synthesis ② difference mixture diversity variation range collection assortment array ③ get rid of shed repeal dump rece dispose ④ obstruction fence wall limit roadblock blockade obstacle barricade ⑤ assurance obligation pledge engagement responsibility need promise guarantee
What does 'behavior' mean?manner of conducting oneself style management nature practice
① medicine wonder drug penicillin amoxicillin tetracycline erythromycin streptomycin ② manner of conducting oneself style management nature practice ③ teacher's assistantship graduate fellowship See more synonyms for ④ commonness repetitiveness prevalence density number recurrence regularity repetition ⑤ communicate knowledge information educate update apprise brief warn
What does 'behavior' mean?manner of conducting oneself style management nature practice
① enchanted delighted hypnotized fascinated pleased spellbound bewitched tempted ② manner of conducting oneself style management nature practice ③ explanation interpretation resolution description illumination exposition elucidation solution ④ associate fellow worker comrade teammate buddy assistant aide ⑤ agent tool utensil gadget appliance instrument contraption apparatus
What does 'blindness' mean?sightlessness defect darkness myopia astigmatism presbyopia cataracts amaurosis
① examine check audit search scan oversee review probe ② declaration assertion comment announcement remark word description proclamation ③ courteous mannerly reverent reverential civil self-effacing humble deferential ④ sightlessness defect darkness myopia astigmatism presbyopia cataracts amaurosis ⑤ on time expeditious dependable accurate careful conscientious constant
What does 'capacity' mean?volume limit of volume held scope space quantity
① component of concoction factor additive piece element fixing ② care for maintain continue perpetuate protect save secure ③ culture sophistication development progress education advancement elevation acculturation ④ creative ingenious new inventive original contemporary avant-garde newfangled ⑤ volume limit of volume held scope space quantity
What does 'chore' mean?task duty assignment workout errand housework burden routine
① fabric cloth goods yarn fiber var synonyms document.getElementsByClassName ② task duty assignment workout errand housework burden routine ③ period in life of something development chapter point ④ awkward uncomfortable impatient suspicious strained restless fearful nervous ⑤ feeling of animate being impression taste sensitivity feel
What does 'concern' mean?business responsibility interest matter thing involvement burden worry
① moving back and forth fluctuation stroke rhythm undulation ② shake vibrate quiver throb wobble shudder shiver flutter ③ person who aids does religious work evangelist pastor ④ business responsibility interest matter thing involvement burden worry ⑤ name label designate style denominate title dub term
What does 'confidence' mean?belief in oneself certainty poise morale courage determination
① belief in oneself certainty poise morale courage determination ② prize or reward trophy gold gift grant presentation ③ ability competency capacity suitability proficiency savvy expertise qualification ④ innermost in thought unconscious hidden inmost inner intuitive ⑤ mourn feel deep distress regret lament cry ache
What does 'consumption' mean?devouring use expenditure utilization loss eating burning decay
① bound for fated in near future doomed coming ② apparent understandable accessible proced discernible evident noticeable overt ③ help advance sponsor build up further advertise speed ④ devouring use expenditure utilization loss eating burning decay ⑤ reason purpose emotion motivation impulse influence idea aim
What does 'content' mean?happy agreeable fulfilled willing contented satisfied comfortable gratified
① emptiness void gap vacuity nothingness exhaustion space rarefaction ② examine in contrast correlate study equal contrast measure ③ stress give priority to reiterate repeat affirm accentuate ④ happy agreeable fulfilled willing contented satisfied comfortable gratified ⑤ article of clothing apparel robe dress costume habiliment
What does 'control' mean?command mastery discipline restriction management force government restraint
① great amount or supply profusion prosperity wealth plethora ② person who has compulsion toward enthusiast devotee practitioner ③ bad horrible atrocious ghastly horrendous disturbing dreadful horrid ④ having exaggerated self-opinion haughty presumptuous imperious pretentious aloof ⑤ command mastery discipline restriction management force government restraint
What does 'convey' mean?transport transmit bring send transfer move back dispatch
① topmost best capital chief crown head maximum most ② transport transmit bring send transfer move back dispatch ③ agreement give-and-take pact accord adjustment deal bargain understanding ④ established practice ethic practice folklore belief myth habit ⑤ bigger dominant large-scale big primary large sizable leading
What does 'cooperation' mean?mutual effort service collaboration partnership unity aid assistance
① life continuation survival reality world presence continuance perseverance ② mutual effort service collaboration partnership unity aid assistance ③ authorization charter go-ahead license permission patent consent grant ④ very bad troublesome ominous hostile objectionable calamitous negative ⑤ switch fluctuation deviation conversion about-face move alteration variation
What does 'cope' mean?manage contend wrestle handle confront get by grapple
① adeptness effectiveness readiness productivity ability energy talent capability ② manage contend wrestle handle confront get by grapple ③ present image of symbolize show perform serve produce ④ entertainment resting or recovering recreation enjoyment leisure mitigation ⑤ responsibility task duty chore appointment practice job drill
What does 'curious' mean?desiring knowledge understanding inquisitive interested analytical impertinent inquiring
① skillful adept experienced able proficient expert ② desiring knowledge understanding inquisitive interested analytical impertinent inquiring ③ information on electronic media ancement publication show transmission ④ annoyance worry predicament stress anxiety pain unrest mess ⑤ law enforcement officer detective police patrolman constable officer
What does 'curse' mean?hateful swearing remark bane obscenity expletive profanity whammy
① question or petition desire offer suit demand application ② adulterate corrupt degrade pollute load shave dilute mingle ③ expensive valuable dear excessive executive exorbitant extortionate extravagant ④ hateful swearing remark bane obscenity expletive profanity whammy ⑤ carry on do prosecute pursue make practice undertake
What does 'deficiency' mean?imperfection inadequacy flaw failing failure weakness lack defect
① ten of something decennary decennium decagon decapod decemvir ② selecting deciding choice election option selection separating picking ③ imperfection inadequacy flaw failing failure weakness lack defect ④ request for help claim bid suit question overture ⑤ imagination dream reverie nightmare delusion fancy illusion vision
What does 'dependent' mean?weak helpless poor defenseless vulnerable reliant subordinate inferior
① give up let go suffer cede waive offer ② discriminate and separate disconnect divide isolate sequester insulate ③ development progress prosperity success advance hike rise advancement ④ severely badly seriously fiercely greatly dangerously carelessly perilously ⑤ weak helpless poor defenseless vulnerable reliant subordinate inferior
What does 'depiction' mean?description rendering picture sketch likeness image illustration representation
① put out a fire snuff out quench stamp ② new believer follower disciple proselyte novitiate novice neophyte ③ resultant subsequent indirect ensuing consistent following intelligent logical ④ photoelectric computerized anodic autoelectronic cathodic photoelectronic thermionic voltaic ⑤ description rendering picture sketch likeness image illustration representation
What does 'distinguish' mean?tell the difference discriminate divide separate recognize characterize
① stop conclude quit halt discontinue terminate refrain desist ② community surroundings part zone district area parish section ③ expressive rhythmic literary work verse paean song rhyme ④ ruler king empress dictator monarch czar sovereign prince ⑤ tell the difference discriminate divide separate recognize characterize
What does 'diversify' mean?spread out branch out transform expand variegate modify
① clasp embrace grasp restraint constraint clamp hold hook ② maintenance protection storage conservancy conservation safety security care ③ alone single unsociable lonely lone singular solo remote ④ spread out branch out transform expand variegate modify ⑤ inclusion report insurance analysis scope indemnity broadcasting description
What does 'domestic' mean?household private pet home calm family devoted homely
① household private pet home calm family devoted homely ② aid assist collaborate help uphold contribute conspire unite ③ commonness repetitiveness prevalence density number recurrence regularity repetition ④ newness originality uniqueness innovation freshness oddity crazy oddball ⑤ innocent naive guileless childish artless credulous immature ingenuous
What does 'effective' mean?productive persuasive useful impressive efficient sufficient powerful direct
① different motley mixed diverse various conglomerate assorted separate ② relation interconnection interdependence correlation alliance relationship similarity tie-in ③ portion allotment fee ratio bonus proportion chunk rate ④ egotism arrogance narcissism self-love swagger complacency vainglory self-importance ⑤ productive persuasive useful impressive efficient sufficient powerful direct
What does 'efficient' mean?adept effective profitable productive useful energetic able capable
① advantage credit benefit resource service aid distinction treasure ② combination of red and yellow cantaloupe bittersweet titian ③ notice see feel recognize regard grasp observe identify ④ adept effective profitable productive useful energetic able capable ⑤ practical sensible functional pragmatic down-to-earth effective efficient hard
What does 'electrical' mean?charged energetic dynamic exciting magnetic rousing stimulating stirring
① extreme force intensity rampage disturbance brutality clash confusion ② artistic imaginative ingenious inventive gifted visionary productive innovative ③ administrative managerial ruling governing controlling managing decision-making directing ④ charged energetic dynamic exciting magnetic rousing stimulating stirring ⑤ believe take for granted guess consider conclude accept
What does 'eliminate' mean?remove throw out wipe out knock out oust
① remove throw out wipe out knock out oust ② part chip particle chunk portion lump remnant shred ③ constant fixed resistant secure solid durable safe steady ④ approachable ready for use available usable reachable handy ⑤ point of view viewpoint attitude direction perspective vision
What does 'encourage' mean?stimulate spiritually restore inspire strengthen boost embolden reassure
① design motif arrangement trim motive diagram figure impression ② subject matter of document idea wording theme passage ③ annoy bother provoke irritate pester needle nag exasperate ④ stimulate spiritually restore inspire strengthen boost embolden reassure ⑤ knowledge apprehension sensibility alertness awareness recognition mindfulness regard
What does 'equality' mean?similarity balance egalitarianism parity civil rights impartiality identity
① pliable bendable soft malleable flexile adjustable bending ductile ② calm moderate levelheaded balmy pleasant mild sober agreeable ③ clever brilliant imaginative inventive sly skillful shrewd creative ④ lie on the surface swim hover glide hang ⑤ similarity balance egalitarianism parity civil rights impartiality identity
What does 'equally' mean?evenly fairly uniformly justly equitably coequally coordinately correspondingly
① evenly fairly uniformly justly equitably coequally coordinately correspondingly ② not adequate helpless unfit ineffective inadequate naive weak ③ addition growth development raise merger hike rise upsurge ④ vouch for give testimony depose assert indicate swear ⑤ achieve accomplish earn secure reach obtain gain promote
What does 'essence' mean?heart significance core substance nature root basis character
① exhaust weary annoy depress dishearten exasperate dispirit displease ② agreement mutual understanding pact reconciliation deal correspondence congruence ③ hardworking productive energetic diligent conscientious active assiduous burning ④ heart significance core substance nature root basis character ⑤ notice see feel recognize regard grasp observe identify
What does 'essential' mean?important vital necessary indispensable crucial needed imperative fundamental
① innocent naive guileless childish artless credulous immature ingenuous ② important vital necessary indispensable crucial needed imperative fundamental ③ ignoring negligence disdain inattention apathy disrespect scorn indifference ④ convention colloquium forum discussion consultation seminar interview symposium ⑤ having movement operating alive effective rapid progressive working
What does 'estate' mean?extensive manor and its property parcel area farm
① insignificant small petty slight inconsequential lesser unimportant negligible ② extensive manor and its property parcel area farm ③ basically necessarily originally approximately truly permanently virtually substantially ④ forever continually regularly constantly consistently repeatedly invariably ever ⑤ physical energy power violence effort strength enforcement fury
What does 'estimate' mean?approximate calculation educated guess guess evaluation projection assessment
① stable fixed constant solid reliable safe substantial durable ② familiarize conform align adjust adapt locate direct acclimatize ③ convey advice plan desire offer propose advocate submit ④ approximate calculation educated guess guess evaluation projection assessment ⑤ turn orbit gyration circle revolution circumvolution circumrotation noun
What does 'exposure' mean?uncovering putting in view or danger disclosure publicity
① go up against in contest contend play wrestle ② impressive great noble grandiose awe-inspiring stately marvelous sumptuous ③ uncovering putting in view or danger disclosure publicity ④ sweet treat sweet confection candy fruit cookie pastry ⑤ move down lower a go down plunge crash
What does 'failure' mean?lack of success breakdown loss misstep collapse decline
① confine limit situation or ability to participate inhibit ② live or exist in locate lie squat populate ③ go up take off escalate climb soar fly ④ lack of success breakdown loss misstep collapse decline ⑤ effective powerful vigorous energetic convincing vehement persuasive dynamic
What does 'fate' mean?predetermined course destiny circumstance effect chance future consequence
① read out loud narrate declaim repeat communicate perform ② progress breakthrough evolution advancement development advance amelioration boost ③ inheritance heritage tradition gift estate birthright heirloom devise ④ ready to bear produce productive lush fruitful rich ⑤ predetermined course destiny circumstance effect chance future consequence
What does 'figure' mean?numeral numeric value price character rate number symbol
① sociable person exhibitionist character show-off showboat gregarious person ② semantic grammatical dialectal phonetic lingual etymological lexemic lexical ③ error goof lapse blunder misstep mistake fluff omission ④ numeral numeric value price character rate number symbol ⑤ hard try fight to win trial attempt combat
What does 'force' mean?physical energy power violence effort strength enforcement fury
① sell or trade abroad ship dump smuggle transport ② physical energy power violence effort strength enforcement fury ③ belief reaction sentiment viewpoint impression judgment point of ④ person who opposes in competition competitor contender competition ⑤ variety difference diversification unlikeness variegation diverseness multiplicity divergence
What does 'fundamental' mean?basic important major paramount integral crucial indispensable constitutional
① basic important major paramount integral crucial indispensable constitutional ② creating of goods result manufacture management construction manufacturing ③ band music orchestra concert harmony var synonyms document.getElementsByClassName ④ a still picture taken with a camera picture ⑤ description interpretation explanation solution rationale answer translation comment
What does 'hardship' mean?personal burden grief misfortune peril disaster danger oppression
① wrong idea impression delusion misunderstanding misinterpretation fallacy fault ② availability usefulness useful thing amenity advantage service facility ③ midway average intermediate par commonplace fair normal median ④ personal burden grief misfortune peril disaster danger oppression ⑤ volume limit of volume held scope space quantity
What does 'hypothesis' mean?theory proposition conjecture inference thesis explanation guess supposition
① state of mind climate humor mood attitude disposition ② physical energy power violence effort strength enforcement fury ③ volume limit of volume held scope space quantity ④ theory proposition conjecture inference thesis explanation guess supposition ⑤ a still picture taken with a camera picture
What does 'ideal' mean?model perfect optimal fitting quintessential excellent classical classic
① religious otherworldly divine metaphysical sacred intangible holy devotional ② suggestion presentation for action proposition motion overture outline ③ abridgement of something written compendium sketch condensation abstract ④ person willing to enter contest rival favorite competition ⑤ model perfect optimal fitting quintessential excellent classical classic
What does 'illusion' mean?false appearance false belief semblance deception myth confusion
① goal aim motive plan objective hope purpose end ② explanation interpretation resolution description illumination exposition elucidation solution ③ religious theory or belief dogma creed belief doctrine ④ concerning life organic life living ⑤ false appearance false belief semblance deception myth confusion
What does 'improvement' mean?bettering something bettered development advance upgrade recovery rise
① adeptness effectiveness readiness productivity ability energy talent capability ② lawyer counsel mouthpiece barrister advocate lip proxy front ③ help enhance advance pay assist serve favor further ④ proposal asking bid request encouragement summons overture proposition ⑤ bettering something bettered development advance upgrade recovery rise
What does 'incentive' mean?lure inducement motivation stimulus impetus encouragement reason enticement
① scrutiny examination audit study analysis check sample inquiry ② graduated system ratio proportion rate system range extent ③ lure inducement motivation stimulus impetus encouragement reason enticement ④ study of the mind emotional and mental constitution ⑤ share cut ration serving lot fragment chunk excerpt
What does 'induce' mean?cause to happen encourage urge activate prompt coax
① counseling direction management intelligence advice instruction supervision leadership ② promising likely hidden possible probable budding future conceivable ③ cause to happen encourage urge activate prompt coax ④ satisfactory agreeable fair decent sufficient respectable common adequate ⑤ save protect preserve safeguard maintain sustain hoard skimp
What does 'inevitable' mean?certain cannot be avoided inexorable necessary imminent unavoidable
① certain cannot be avoided inexorable necessary imminent unavoidable ② lucky chance favorable circumstances freedom moment time event ③ association federation conference group society club company union ④ determination strong will decision settlement verdict resoluteness perseverance ⑤ ready for use accessible usable convenient vacant possible
What does 'inevitable' mean?certain cannot be avoided inexorable necessary imminent unavoidable
① hurt harm shock loss cramp cut bruise burn ② short compressed pithy concise terse abrupt succinct blunt ③ disregard neglect ignore discount omit forget overpass disdain ④ make assumption believe count on guess assume pretend ⑤ certain cannot be avoided inexorable necessary imminent unavoidable
What does 'interpersonal' mean?between persons social mutual relational civil communal
① between persons social mutual relational civil communal ② indefinite obscured unreal ethereal hypothetical slight abstract impalpable ③ impressive splendid august awesome ceremonious cool courtly dignified ④ melt from solid to liquid mix in soften ⑤ male or female colleague friend lecturer associate assistant
What does 'interpret' mean?make sense of define portray depict read illustrate
① bacterium microorganism microbe virus disease infection germ bacillus ② make sense of define portray depict read illustrate ③ care for keep up preserve control protect finance ④ carry on carry through persevere go on recur ⑤ old ancient aged elderly superannuated obsolescent obsolete out-of-date
What does 'invest' mean?contribute money to make money provide devote supply
① skillful adept experienced able proficient expert ② development progress prosperity success advance hike rise advancement ③ something done over duplicate repetition reiteration recapitulation reproduction ④ contribute money to make money provide devote supply ⑤ very bad troublesome ominous hostile objectionable calamitous negative
What does 'logic' mean?science of reasoning sanity philosophy rationale sense argumentation
① ability competency capacity suitability proficiency savvy expertise qualification ② science of reasoning sanity philosophy rationale sense argumentation ③ foreign acquired alien exotic exterior external extraneous imported ④ stipulate action to be taken require impose determine ⑤ need want lack desire wish crave miss depend
What does 'lying' mean?dishonest misleading double-dealing wrong two-timing deceitful deceptive delusive
① top crowning point culmination head pinnacle zenith acme ② dishonest misleading double-dealing wrong two-timing deceitful deceptive delusive ③ established orderly precise academic solemn explicit legal strict ④ inspire upset annoy work up disturb thrill energize ⑤ one who collects specimens connoisseur fancier authority antiquarian
What does 'mental' mean?concerning the mind subjective spiritual cerebral psychic intellectual
① displease insult annoy disturb exasperate aggrieve horrify sicken ② concerning the mind subjective spiritual cerebral psychic intellectual ③ declaration made in advance guess indicator forecast prognosis ④ motion as communication nod signal sign token indication ⑤ friendly sociable sympathetic affectionate warmhearted welcoming cozy jovial
What does 'modest' mean?shy prudent simple humble quiet unassuming moderate bashful
① punishment discipline forfeiture cost fine retribution rap handicap ② appropriate to the purpose pertinent suited germane consistent ③ mental state love shame anger sympathy happiness concern ④ shy prudent simple humble quiet unassuming moderate bashful ⑤ extend augment bolster widen broaden swell enlarge increase
What does 'motivation' mean?ambition inspiration desire impetus interest wish incentive motive
① group with common interest or pursuit club league ② sudden excitement fun pleasure inspiration adventure wallop upper ③ conclusion resolution reached accord settlement arrangement determination judgment ④ ambition inspiration desire impetus interest wish incentive motive ⑤ painful rough distressing troublesome harsh awkward hard annoying
What does 'motive' mean?reason purpose emotion motivation impulse influence idea aim
① reason purpose emotion motivation impulse influence idea aim ② projecting mass of land headland cape neck point ③ span of animate being's existence career life period ④ guide along route often over water maneuver handle ⑤ beyond reach invulnerable imperceptible sacrosanct intangible impalpable inviolable
What does 'navigation' mean?traveling guiding along route often over water exploration
① wrong made up fake untrue distorted mistaken improper ② make assumption believe count on guess assume pretend ③ character disposition humor description quality essence personality type ④ traveling guiding along route often over water exploration ⑤ admission means of entry approach entry connection approach
What does 'nervousness' mean?anxious state tension stress impatience agitation sensitivity disquiet
① experience or circumstances training practice upbringing environment culture ② tool usually for eating fork instrument gadget appliance ③ person who writes about factual events for a ④ dryness shortage of supply lack scarcity insufficiency dearth ⑤ anxious state tension stress impatience agitation sensitivity disquiet
What does 'noble' mean?aristocratic patrician imperial gentle kingly highborn queenly titled
① make cultured develop ennoble acquaint sophisticate tame humanize ② aristocratic patrician imperial gentle kingly highborn queenly titled ③ belief in one way partiality intolerance favoritism tilt ④ ally fight contend squabble disagree quibble dispute quarrel ⑤ lucky chance favorable circumstances freedom moment time event
What does 'nutrition' mean?food nourishment victuals menu nutriment diet sustenance subsistence
① food nourishment victuals menu nutriment diet sustenance subsistence ② person native of country voter civilian resident national ③ pain due to exertion tension stress anxiety bruise ④ ⑤ situation condition case status accident occurrence fate thing
What does 'official' mean?authorized legitimate precise authoritative definite fitting valid proper
① surroundings atmosphere status climate habitat surroundings setting situation ② difference alternative deviation abnormality diversity variety fluctuation innovation ③ disappear die melt evaporate fade dissolve evanesce clear ④ shy prudent simple humble quiet unassuming moderate bashful ⑤ authorized legitimate precise authoritative definite fitting valid proper
What does 'ordinary' mean?common regular traditional typical natural everyday normal familiar
① well-known favorite fashionable favored famous attractive beloved trendy ② crisis difficulty predicament dilemma distress mystification pass perplexity ③ common regular traditional typical natural everyday normal familiar ④ eruption discharge burst outbreak blast detonation outburst combustion ⑤ state of having positive beliefs confidence anticipation certainty
What does 'painful' mean?physically or mentally agonizing distressing tedious troublesome hurtful
① moderate tolerable fair cheap plausible proper humane honest ② physically or mentally agonizing distressing tedious troublesome hurtful ③ instructional academic cultural scholarly didactic informative instructive informational ④ study of the s and planets other than ⑤ bad horrible atrocious ghastly horrendous disturbing dreadful horrid
What does 'passion' mean?strong emotion temper sentiment rage zeal joy resentment
① down payment money saved security warranty stake pledge ② sign stamp trademark name autograph impression indication designation ③ crazy insane maniacal irrational distracted unhinged demented crazed ④ feed care for cultivate tend sustain cherish foster ⑤ strong emotion temper sentiment rage zeal joy resentment
What does 'perception' mean?understanding idea viewpoint impression concept knowledge consciousness taste
① lucky chance favorable circumstances freedom moment time event ② emptiness void gap vacuity nothingness exhaustion space rarefaction ③ concerning the direction to the east east easterly ④ correctly exactly precisely scrupulously meticulously flawlessly veraciously ⑤ understanding idea viewpoint impression concept knowledge consciousness taste
What does 'persuade' mean?cause to believe convince to do satisfy urge
① ability competency capacity suitability proficiency savvy expertise qualification ② civic community local governmental domestic national civilian home ③ tell the difference discriminate divide separate recognize characterize ④ cause to believe convince to do satisfy urge ⑤ arrange systematize run formulate form set up create
What does 'philosophical' mean?reflective profound abstract metaphysical logical thoughtful rational calm
① rush usually of liquid deluge flow swell rise ② tightness pressure stress strain force rigidity stiffness balance ③ drive resolve desire thought motivation whim wish influence ④ reflective profound abstract metaphysical logical thoughtful rational calm ⑤ carefulness preventative measure protection caution safeguard provision insurance
What does 'pleasant' mean?acceptable friendly cordial likable sweet cheerful mild bland
① proposal suggestion overture action bid attempt essay hit ② manner way status style fashion tone form process ③ abundant generous productive fertile prolific ample sufficient bountiful ④ difficulty entanglement embarrassment quandary crisis connection Synonyms ⑤ acceptable friendly cordial likable sweet cheerful mild bland
What does 'plenty' mean?much abundance wealth plethora enough luxury torrent quantity
① support buttress column pillar coating prop brace beefing ② neighborhood outside of but reliant on nearby large ③ preferred favored beloved popular main sweetheart intimate pet ④ disagree rece decline refuse revoke refute contradict withhold ⑤ much abundance wealth plethora enough luxury torrent quantity
What does 'preparation' mean?development readiness training groundwork establishment study arrangement rehearsal
① something done over duplicate repetition reiteration recapitulation reproduction ② development readiness training groundwork establishment study arrangement rehearsal ③ advancement gain development advance evolution stride process rise ④ person who sells goods shopkeeper trafficker vendor trader ⑤ unduly protective protective protecting shielding grandmotherly nannyish vigilant
What does 'preserve' mean?care for maintain continue perpetuate protect save secure
① dishonest tricky ambiguous underhanded deceitful sneaky slick fraudulent ② surprising tling accidental unforeseen wonderful amazing astonishing unpredictable ③ request for help claim bid suit question overture ④ care for maintain continue perpetuate protect save secure ⑤ authorization charter go-ahead license permission patent consent grant
What does 'pressure' mean?physical force weight tension stress strength strain burden
① funny drawing often with dialogue or caption sketch ② wealth possessions prosperity substance estate inheritance treasure riches ③ physical force weight tension stress strength strain burden ④ against the law unwarranted wrongful irregular unauthorized banned ⑤ established practice ethic practice folklore belief myth habit
What does 'privacy' mean?solitude secrecy seclusion isolation solitude quiet sequestration aloofness
① go up against in contest contend play wrestle ② written matter both fictional and nonfictional essay drama ③ regimen training control development restraint practice self-restraint will ④ solitude secrecy seclusion isolation solitude quiet sequestration aloofness ⑤ cost payment loan rate insurance price tag sum
What does 'process' mean?method series of actions to achieve result development
① have printed issue disclose put out distribute promulgate ② steps in walking step clip measure lick tread ③ exist reside dwell subsist lie be repose inhere ④ method series of actions to achieve result development ⑤ one who carries or transmits something shipper transporter
What does 'process' mean?method series of actions to achieve result development
① concerning farming land rural gardening ranch rustic horticultural ② consume exhaust supply drain bankrupt lessen reduce expend ③ method series of actions to achieve result development ④ move travel to another place trek shift drift ⑤ introduction preamble foreword prologue prelude explanation overture prolegomenon
What does 'production' mean?creating of goods result manufacture management construction manufacturing
① person being paid for working for another or ② challenge frustrate resist spurn thwart violate withstand confront ③ skillful adept experienced able proficient expert ④ chance random occasional spontaneous offhand accidental adventitious by ⑤ creating of goods result manufacture management construction manufacturing
What does 'profit' mean?gain product goods saving surplus revenue turnout receipt
① difference mixture diversity variation range collection assortment array ② researcher analyst expert examiner prober physicist chemist tester ③ gain product goods saving surplus revenue turnout receipt ④ agreement deal pact pledge bargain commitment arrangement record ⑤ blow up collapse mushroom burst shatter detonate erupt
What does 'pursue' mean?chase follow seek bait fish haunt tag hound
① class variety sort category kind group description division ② chase follow seek bait fish haunt tag hound ③ all the same remaining the same tedious repetitious ④ language of a person or people glossary jargon ⑤ find again regain restore retrieve rescue resume get
What does 'pursuit' mean?chase search hunt quest inquiry hunting reaching seeking
① be in unison assent with another set concur ② chase search hunt quest inquiry hunting reaching seeking ③ consequence effect reaction result issue event conclusion end ④ feeling perception emotion impression sensitivity passion sense susceptibility ⑤ believe strongly anticipate foresee predict await forecast suppose
What does 'radiation' mean?dissemination emission diffusion circulation transmission divergence broadcast dispersion
① suitable good useful decent fitting appropriate legitimate convenient ② everyday dull mundane prosaic humdrum banal mediocre flat ③ dissemination emission diffusion circulation transmission divergence broadcast dispersion ④ upright steep plumb erect perpendicular sheer up-and-down upward ⑤ founder inventor administrator architect author builder creator dean
What does 'random' mean?haphazard chance aimless unplanned irregular accidental incidental indiscriminate
① adeptness effectiveness readiness productivity ability energy talent capability ② develop in mind or physically spawn organize devise ③ haphazard chance aimless unplanned irregular accidental incidental indiscriminate ④ error goof lapse blunder misstep mistake fluff omission ⑤ component of concoction factor additive piece element fixing
What does 'regulate' mean?manage organize control readjust standardize monitor rectify oversee
① manage organize control readjust standardize monitor rectify oversee ② delivery of freight freight transit conveyance transportation transport ③ commit one's energies thoughts give dedicate give away ④ prominence limelight leading edge vanguard fore cutting edge ⑤ artistic imaginative ingenious inventive gifted visionary productive innovative
What does 'relevant' mean?appropriate to the purpose pertinent suited germane consistent
① effective powerful vigorous energetic convincing vehement persuasive dynamic ② see-through clear thin translucent diaphanous filmy gauzy glassy ③ liquid flowing running fluent juicy melted molten watery ④ concentrate draw toward a point consolidate integrate unify ⑤ appropriate to the purpose pertinent suited germane consistent
What does 'responsibility' mean?accountability blame duty power importance restraint authority liability
① gain the confidence of satisfy prompt prove get ② analyst interpreter pundit expert cartoonist authority judge reviewer ③ make depth greater expand dredge dig excavate extend ④ accountability blame duty power importance restraint authority liability ⑤ in the background in the dark sub rosa
What does 'reward' mean?payment prize accolade premium bonus compensation award honor
① payment prize accolade premium bonus compensation award honor ② friendly association agreement concord concurrence partnership collusion affiliation ③ order succession streak set run string sequence list ④ vouch for give testimony depose assert indicate swear ⑤ unfeeling uninterested disinterested diffident impervious haughty impartial callous
What does 'scared' mean?frightened afraid fearful anxious tled panicky petrified shaken
① extreme maximum sheer all-out ultimate unconditional absolute uttermost ② shared feeling empathy compassion sensitivity understanding tenderness unity ③ frightened afraid fearful anxious tled panicky petrified shaken ④ present propose for acceptance give extend grant provide ⑤ person who loves his or her country partisan
What does 'secure' mean?safe protected guarded sheltered defended immune impregnable unassailable
① bigger dominant large-scale big primary large sizable leading ② down payment money saved security warranty stake pledge ③ safe protected guarded sheltered defended immune impregnable unassailable ④ authorized legitimate precise authoritative definite fitting valid proper ⑤ shoreline indentation sound inlet gulf harbor anchorage estuary
What does 'sensitive' mean?impressionable tricky precise tense keen susceptible nervous receptive
① adventure undertaking firm business company trade project program ② disconnected independent sovereign free isolated abstracted distributed divided ③ crowd of people group club community team party ④ impressionable tricky precise tense keen susceptible nervous receptive ⑤ measure of temperature instrument regulator indicator thermostat var
What does 'signal' mean?extraordinary outstanding noticeable salient conspicuous momentous noteworthy pronounced
① extraordinary outstanding noticeable salient conspicuous momentous noteworthy pronounced ② effective powerful vigorous energetic convincing vehement persuasive dynamic ③ settler pilgrim pioneer colonial homesteader ④ come into being proceed emerge begin derive appear ⑤ hateful communication shame disgrace affront slight blasphemy taunt
What does 'simplify' mean?make easy intelligible facilitate reduce clarify shorten cut
① sign of illness or problem syndrome manifestation index ② make easy intelligible facilitate reduce clarify shorten cut ③ far-reaching thorough pervasive huge lengthy large-scale comprehensive protracted ④ made-up story drama novel myth imagination fable yarn ⑤ educational instructional gossipy descriptive enlightening instructive explanatory illuminating
What does 'spare' mean?extra reserve unused unoccupied option emergency over lagniappe
① division portion category sector zone district area region ② cameraperson paparazzo photojournalist shutterbug freelance photographer var synonyms ③ regal royal stately sovereign domineering kingly lordly magisterial ④ extra reserve unused unoccupied option emergency over lagniappe ⑤ investigation inquest study scrutiny exploration examination inquiry research
What does 'stimulate' mean?excite provoke prompt inspire trigger vitalize encourage arouse
① send away remove free decline expel disband reject ② make or become ready prepared enable score certify ③ very smart imaginative inventive wise brilliant knowledgeable resourceful ④ living thing structure animal creature being person plant ⑤ excite provoke prompt inspire trigger vitalize encourage arouse
What does 'strategy' mean?plan of action planning blueprint scenario game plan
① wild untamed ferocious harsh turbulent vicious brutal crude ② pitch volume strength timbre inflection accent emphasis resonance ③ mass destruction annihilation devastation cataclysm catastrophe holocaust end ④ point of communication upshot gist core substance meat ⑤ plan of action planning blueprint scenario game plan
What does 'structure' mean?makeup form network format system arrangement framework complex
① disregard disrespect carelessness indifference oversight inadvertence slight laxness ② stroke massage rasping pat swab smear swipe attrition ③ meaning construction point heart interpretation gist purport bearing ④ makeup form network format system arrangement framework complex ⑤ rewording interpretation explanation rendering version adaptation rendition reading
What does 'struggle' mean?hard try fight to win trial attempt combat
① peer equivalent competitor like rival complement duplicate companion ② adeptness effectiveness readiness productivity ability energy talent capability ③ hard try fight to win trial attempt combat ④ beginning point of supply origin cause authority expert ⑤ method style capacity art facility means system capability
What does 'sufficient' mean?enough adequate plentiful satisfactory acceptable ample tolerable agreeable
① person with whom one competes enemy competitor candidate ② innumerable uncounted myriad untold endless heap immeasurable incalculable ③ politic tactful gracious polite conciliatory strategic adept arch ④ precious irreplaceable incalculable valuable rare invaluable expensive costly ⑤ enough adequate plentiful satisfactory acceptable ample tolerable agreeable
What does 'suitable' mean?appropriate acceptable satisfactory relevant useful reasonable convenient sufficient
① think highly of venerate revere treasure love prize ② appropriate acceptable satisfactory relevant useful reasonable convenient sufficient ③ matter or business to be taken care of ④ apparent understandable accessible proced discernible evident noticeable overt ⑤ same similar identical comparable corresponding equal proportionate tantamount
What does 'temperature' mean?hotness coldness of some degree heat cold climate
① hotness coldness of some degree heat cold climate ② determinant circumstance influence point component element thing part ③ remember awaken waken retrospect recall flash mind revive ④ final deadly lethal fatal incurable last latter lag ⑤ instructional academic cultural scholarly didactic informative instructive informational
What does 'temperature' mean?hotness coldness of some degree heat cold climate
① issuance diffusion discharge radiation emanation transmission utterance ejection ② person supporting an idea or cause publicly promoter ③ hotness coldness of some degree heat cold climate ④ supplies gear for activity furnishings material machinery apparatus ⑤ person who waits on another assistant attendant slave
What does 'track' mean?mark print made by something path step record
① charitable kind generous philanthropic compassionate benign humane altruistic ② mark print made by something path step record ③ bad horrible atrocious ghastly horrendous disturbing dreadful horrid ④ order succession streak set run string sequence list ⑤ group observing an entertainment or sporting event gathering
What does 'traditional' mean?usual established conventional old classical classic universal time-honored
① apparent understandable accessible proced discernible evident noticeable overt ② burning brightness bloom radiance glare blossom light brilliance ③ determination strong will decision settlement verdict resoluteness perseverance ④ usual established conventional old classical classic universal time-honored ⑤ language rules alphabet syntax stratification rudiments structure linguistics
What does 'transportation' mean?conveyance transit transport shipment passage moving shipping conveying
① skeleton casing body fabric physique framework cage structure ② conveyance transit transport shipment passage moving shipping conveying ③ extent of time term span stretch season age ④ indefinite obscured unreal ethereal hypothetical slight abstract impalpable ⑤ aloneness isolation loneliness emptiness seclusion silence retirement wilderness
What does 'tricky' mean?complicated difficult rocky touchy problematic precarious sticky sensitive
① acceptable friendly cordial likable sweet cheerful mild bland ② manner of conducting oneself style management nature practice ③ small amount of food or drink snack pick-me-up ④ ready for use accessible usable convenient vacant possible ⑤ complicated difficult rocky touchy problematic precarious sticky sensitive
What does 'urge' mean?very strong desire longing itch weakness lust yearning
① memorable part climax focal point feature focus peak ② the shortest route straight precisely direct beeline dead ③ infrequently scarcely sometimes occasionally sporadically rarely hardly every ④ very strong desire longing itch weakness lust yearning ⑤ decision determination boldness willpower will intention courage firmness
What does 'value' mean?financial worth profit price rate amount cost expense
① anticipate predict perceive forecast foretell understand expect presage ② part article information component feature element thing piece ③ dig up unearth uncover shovel scrape gouge cut ④ financial worth profit price rate amount cost expense ⑤ leisure activity fun hobby diversion recreation amusement play
What does 'vital' mean?essential necessary key integral needed fundamental indispensable crucial
① prominence limelight leading edge vanguard fore cutting edge ② without limit sheer full unqualified complete unadulterated simple ③ basically necessarily originally approximately truly permanently virtually substantially ④ tool usually for eating fork instrument gadget appliance ⑤ essential necessary key integral needed fundamental indispensable crucial

Hello World! This is ⌘ SentenceMakingPractice!
21 요지.The effects of [change / not / be / will / climate] equally distributed [globe, / the / and / there / across] are likely to [winners / and / be / to / likely] losers as the [planet / warms.]
climate change will not be / across the globe, and there / likely to be winners and / planet warms.

/ / /
Regarding climate effects [developing / countries / in / are / general,] likely to [effects / experience / negative / more / of] global warming. [warming.]
in general, developing countries are / experience more negative effects of / warming. /

/ / /
Not only do [developing / countries / have / many / naturally] warmer climates [developed / than / the / in / those] world, they also [they / rely / more / heavily / also] on climate sensitive [forestry, / sectors / such / as / agriculture, / and] tourism.
many developing countries have naturally / than those in the developed / they also rely more heavily / sectors such as agriculture, forestry, and

/ / /
As temperatures rise [Africa / further, / regions / such / as] will face [will / crop / and / declining / yields] struggle to produce [for / produce / sufficient / food / to] domestic consumption, while [likely / will / major / exports / their / fall] in volume.
further, regions such as Africa / declining crop yields and will / to produce sufficient food for / their major exports will likely fall

/ / /
This effect will [these / worse / for / be / made] regions if [able / countries / developed / to / are] make up for [fall / up / the / for / in] agricultural output with [sources, / their / new / own / from / potentially] domestic economies as their land becomes more suitable for growing crops.
be made worse for these / developed countries are able to / up for the fall in / new sources, potentially from their own

/ / /
22 요지.Nervousness about public [one / the / speaking / of / is] most common [fears / among / people.]
speaking is one of the / fears among people. / /

/ / /
It can serve [a / real / as / significant / and] barrier to [ultimately / to / effective / communication / and] academic and professional [success. / professional / and]
as a real and significant / effective communication and ultimately to / and professional success. /

/ / /
Debate is an [develop / setting / coping / ideal / to] strategies that [manage / to / allow / their / people] speech anxiety. [anxiety.]
ideal setting to develop coping / allow people to manage their / anxiety. /

/ / /
Because debate both [allows / requires / and / a / for] lot of [preparation, / develop / individuals / confidence / in] their materials and [the / and / passion / for / materials] ideas they support.
requires and allows for a / preparation, individuals develop confidence in / materials and passion for the /

/ / /
Debate provides a [content / focus / the / over / on] style, so [the / is / the / attention / on] arguments, not on [the / on / person. / not]
focus on the content over / the attention is on the / not on the person. /

/ / /
Participants may forget [as / nervous / they / to / be] have so [much / about. / else / to / think]
to be nervous as they / much else to think about. / /

/ / /
And repetition of [experience / helps / build / confidence / them] and learn [their / cope / with / inevitable / to] nervousness in such [as / in / a / way / such] to prevent it [objectives. / their / from / interfering / with]
experience helps them build confidence / to cope with their inevitable / in such a way as / from interfering with their objectives.

/ / /
23 주제.Many parents who [personal / desire / hardship / experienced / have] a better [children. / life / their / for]
have experienced personal hardship desire / life for their children. / /

/ / /
To want to [spare / to / children / having / from] go through [noble / a / is / experiences / unpleasant] aim, and it [naturally / stems / it / from / and] love and concern [child. / the / for]
spare children from having to / unpleasant experiences is a noble / and it naturally stems from / for the child.

/ / /
What these parents [realize, / don’t / is / that / however,] while in [term / may / the / they / short] be making the [making / their / of / lives / the] children more pleasant, [long / term / may / they / in / the] be preventing their children from acquiring self­confidence, mental strength, and important interpersonal skills.
don’t realize, however, is that / the short term they may / making the lives of their / in the long term they may

/ / /
Samuel Smiles, a [English / “It / nineteenth­century / author, / wrote,] is doubtful [curse / heavier / could / whether / any] be forced on [forced / than / on / the / man] complete gratification of [all / his / without / effort / on / wishes] his part, leaving nothing for his hopes, desires, or struggles.”
nineteenth­century English author, wrote, “It / whether any heavier curse could / forced on man than the / all his wishes without effort on

/ / /
For healthy development, [to / child / the / needs / deal] with some [difficult / through / some / failure, / struggle] periods, and experience [and / painful / experience / some / emotions.]
the child needs to deal / failure, struggle through some difficult / and experience some painful emotions. /

/ / /
24 제목.In 1947, when [Sea / were / Dead / the / Scrolls] discovered, archaeologists [fee / a / finder’s / for / set] each new document. [new / document.]
the Dead Sea Scrolls were / set a finder’s fee for / new document. /

/ / /
Instead of lots [scrolls / found, / of / extra / being] they were [increase / apart / torn / simply / to] the reward. [reward.]
of extra scrolls being found, / simply torn apart to increase / reward. /

/ / /
Similarly, in China [century, / nineteenth / an / the / in] incentive was [finding / for / dinosaur / bones. / offered]
in the nineteenth century, an / offered for finding dinosaur bones. / /

/ / /
Farmers located a [few / land, / on / their / broke] them into [a / pieces, / lot / and / made] of money. [money.]
few on their land, broke / pieces, and made a lot / money. /

/ / /
Modern incentives are [Company / no / better: / boards / promise] bonuses for [achieved / targets.]
no better: Company boards promise / achieved targets. / /

/ / /
And what happens?
/ / /

/ / /
Managers invest more [energy / trying / in / to / lower] the targets [growing / in / than / the / business.]
energy in trying to lower / than in growing the business. / /

/ / /
People respond to [doing / what / incentives / by / is] in their [interests. / best]
incentives by doing what is / best interests. / /

/ / /
What is noteworthy [first, / and / is, / quickly / how] radically people’s [incentives / come / behavior / when / changes] into play, and [the / play, / and / fact / second,] that people respond [not / and / the / themselves, / incentives / to] the higher intentions behind them.
is, first, how quickly and / behavior changes when incentives come / play, and second, the fact / to the incentives themselves, and not

/ / /
26 내용.
/ / /
일치 Ole Bull [Bergen, / Norway, / born / was / in] in 1810.
was born in Bergen, Norway, / / /

/ / /
He was a [known / violinist / composer / and / for] his unique [performance / method.]
violinist and composer known for / performance method. / /

/ / /
His father wished [to / him / a / for / become] minister of [desired / he / the / but / church,] a musical career. [career. / musical]
for him to become a / the church, but he desired / musical career. /

/ / /
At the age [could / play / he / of / five,] all of [the / he / heard / had / songs] his mother play [play / mother / the / on / violin.]
of five, he could play / the songs he had heard / mother play on the violin. /

/ / /
At age nine, [in / played / first / violin / he] the orchestra [theater. / of / Bergen’s]
he played first violin in / of Bergen’s theater. / /

/ / /
His debut as [came / soloist / 1819, / in / a] and by [made / he / was / 1828 / conductor] of the Musical [Musical / Lyceum. / the]
a soloist came in 1819, / 1828 he was made conductor / the Musical Lyceum. /

/ / /
He is believed [to / composed / have / than / more] 70 works, [only / 10 / but / remain / about] today.
to have composed more than / but only about 10 remain / /

/ / /
In 1850, caught [a / rising / in / up / tide] of Norwegian [the / Bull / romantic / co­founded / nationalism,] first theater in [performed / actors / theater / in / which] in Norwegian rather [than / Danish.]
up in a rising tide / romantic nationalism, Bull co­founded the / theater in which actors performed / than Danish.

/ / /
Bull died from [home / cancer / in / his / in] 1880.
cancer in his home in / / /

/ / /
He had held [concert / in / Chicago / last / his] the same [year, / his / illness. / despite]
his last concert in Chicago / year, despite his illness. / /

/ / /
29 어법.English speakers have [of / one / simplest / systems / the] for describing [relationships. / familial]
one of the simplest systems / familial relationships. / /

/ / /
Many African language [would / absurd / it / speakers / consider] to use [like / word / single / “cousin” / a] to describe both [male / female / and / describe / both] relatives, or not [to / described / whether / person / the / distinguish] is related by blood to the speaker’s father or to his mother.
speakers would consider it absurd / a single word like “cousin” / describe both male and female / to distinguish whether the person described

/ / /
To be unable [to / a / brother­in­law / distinguish / as] the brother [wife / of / or / the / one’s] husband of one’s [sister / seem / one’s / of / would] confusing within the [structure / relationships / of / personal / in / existing] many cultures.
to distinguish a brother­in­law as / of one’s wife or the / of one’s sister would seem / structure of personal relationships existing in

/ / /
Similarly, how is [it / make / possible / sense / to] of a [situation / “uncle” / inwhicha / word / single] applies to the [of / to / the / one’s / brother] father and to [one’s / brother / mother? / of / the]
it possible to make sense / situation inwhicha single word “uncle” / to the brother of one’s / the brother of one’s mother?

/ / /
The Hawaiian language [uses / to / term / the / same] refer to [and / to / one’s / the / father] father’s brother. [brother.]
uses the same term to / one’s father and to the / brother. /

/ / /
People of Northern [the / Burma, / who / in / think] Jinghpaw language, [eighteen / have / basic / terms / for] describing their kin. [kin. / their]
Burma, who think in the / have eighteen basic terms for / their kin. /

/ / /
Not one of [be / them / directly / translated / can] into English.
them can be directly translated / / /

/ / /
30 문맥.Dworkin suggests a [a / certain / classic / for / argument] kind of [opportunity. / of / equality]
classic argument for a certain / equality of opportunity. / /

/ / /
From Dworkin’s view, [justice / requires / person’s / a / that] fate be [things / by / that / determined / are] within that person’s [not / person’s / that / by / control,] luck.
justice requires that a person’s / determined by things that are / that person’s control, not by /

/ / /
If differences in [well­being / by / determined / circumstances / are] lying outside [control, / they / individual’s / of / an] are unjust. [unjust.]
well­being are determined by circumstances / of an individual’s control, they / unjust. /

/ / /
According to this [of / argument, / well­being / inequality / that] is driven [individual / in / by / differences / choices] or tastes is [tastes / acceptable. / is]
argument, inequality of well­being that / by differences in individual choices / tastes is acceptable. /

/ / /
But we should [of / inequality / to / eliminate / seek] well­being that [is / driven / factors / that / by] are not an [responsibility / and / individual’s / not / an] which prevent an [from / or / individual / achieving / what / he] she values.
seek to eliminate inequality of / is driven by factors that / not an individual’s responsibility and / individual from achieving what he or

/ / /
We do so [ensuringequality / or / of / opportunity / by] equality of [fundamental / to / resources. / access]
by ensuringequality of opportunity or / access to fundamental resources. / /

/ / /
31 빈칸.We are the [of / CEOs / our / own / lives.]
CEOs of our own lives. / / /

/ / /
We work hard [to / ourselves / urge / get / to] up and [to / work / go / do / and] what we must [we / must / after / day / do] day.
to urge ourselves to get / go to work and do / we must do day after /

/ / /
We also try [to / the / working / encourage / people] for and [those / us, / are / who / with] doing business with [with / business / even / and / us,] those who regulate [us.]
to encourage the people working / with us, those who are / business with us, and even / us.

/ / /
We do this [in / too: / our / lives, / personal] From a [age, / very / young / kids / try] to persuade their [persuade / do / parents / their / to] things for them [to / too / (“Dad, / I’m / do / scared] this!”) with varying degrees of success.
in our personal lives, too: / very young age, kids try / persuade their parents to do / (“Dad, I’m too scared to do

/ / /
As adults, we [our / try / encourage / to / significant] others to [(“Sweetie, / us / for / do / things] I had such [day / stressful / a / had / such] today, can you [to / the / put / bed / please / kids] and do the dishes?”).
try to encourage our significant / do things for us (“Sweetie, / had such a stressful day / please put the kids to bed

/ / /
We attempt to [clean / to / our / kids / get] up their [rooms.]
get our kids to clean / rooms. / /

/ / /
We try to [induce / to / our / neighbors / help] out with [party. / neighborhood / a]
induce our neighbors to help / a neighborhood party. / /

/ / /
Whatever our official [all / are / job / we / descriptions,] part­time motivators.
job descriptions, we are all / / /

/ / /
32 빈칸.In many regions [of / people / native / America, / Central] can but [green / grow / not / vegetables / do] packed with vital [nutrients / such / with / vital / as] vitamin A.
of Central America, native people / do not grow green vegetables / with vital nutrients such as /

/ / /
Generally speaking, the [people / have / a / do / not] tradition of [crops. / these / raising]
people do not have a / raising these crops. / /

/ / /
They often have [limited / in / and / education / general] almost no [nutrition / exposure / to / health / and] advice, and they [what / grow / feeds / and / they] the most people.
limited education in general and / exposure to health and nutrition / and they grow what feeds /

/ / /
They often have [tortillas / beans, / plenty / and / of] so they [have / sufficient / protein, / and / they] eat until full. [full. / until]
plenty of tortillas and beans, / have sufficient protein, and they / until full. /

/ / /
Yet the lack [leads / micronutrients / their / of / to] children developing [blindness, / iron / and / other / deficiency,] growth disorders. [disorders.]
of micronutrients leads to their / blindness, iron deficiency, and other / disorders. /

/ / /
In these situations, [be / to / families / have / educated] about nutrition, [encouraged / their / diversify / diets, / to] plant more green [sometimes / more / green / vegetables, / and] receive nutritional assistance [to / imbalances. / correct]
families have to be educated / encouraged to diversify their diets, / more green vegetables, and sometimes / to correct imbalances.

/ / /
33 빈칸.
/ / /
One of the [curious / paintings / of / the / most] Renaissance is [a / of / depiction / a / careful] weedy patch of [Albrecht / by / of / ground / patch] Dürer.
most curious paintings of the / a careful depiction of a / patch of ground by Albrecht /

/ / /
Dürer extracts design [an / from / and / apparently / harmony] random collection [weeds / and / that / grasses / of] we would normally [not / would / twice / think / normally] to look at.
and harmony from an apparently / of weeds and grasses that / would normally not think twice /

/ / /
By taking such [is / he / an / thing, / ordinary] able to [in / artistry / a / convey / his] pure form. [form.]
an ordinary thing, he is / convey his artistry in a / form. /

/ / /
In a similar [scientists / way, / choose / to / often] study humble [trying / subjects / understand / to / when] the essence of [a / of / essence / problem.]
way, scientists often choose to / subjects when trying to understand / essence of a problem. /

/ / /
Studying relatively simple [unnecessary / systems / avoids / complications, / and] can allow [deeper / be / obtained. / insights / to]
systems avoids unnecessary complications, and / deeper insights to be obtained. / /

/ / /
This is particularly [true / we / trying / are / when] to understand [our / as / as / problematic / something] ability to learn. [to / learn.]
true when we are trying / something as problematic as our / to learn. /

/ / /
Human reactions are [that / they / can / complex / so] be difficult [to / objectively. / interpret]
so complex that they can / to interpret objectively. / /

/ / /
It sometimes helps [and / to / consider / step / back] how more [modest / or / like / bacteria / creatures,] weeds, deal with [deal / with / they / challenges / the] face.
to step back and consider / modest creatures, like bacteria or / deal with the challenges they /

/ / /
34 빈칸.
/ / /
This true story [is / government­owned / shoe / a / about] factory in [the / when / days / in / Poland] the country had [much / country / a / had / more] socialist economy.
is about a government­owned shoe / Poland in the days when / country had a much more /

/ / /
Every month, the [Polish / government / gave / factory / the] materials, and [to / was / manager / told / the] produce a fixed [of / a / shoes. / fixed / number]
Polish government gave the factory / the manager was told to / a fixed number of shoes. /

/ / /
Because there was [involved, / no / motive / the / profit] manager’s basic [the / meet / goal / to / was] quota in the [way―by / in / possible / the / easiest] producing only small [shoes.]
no profit motive involved, the / goal was to meet the / in the easiest possible way―by / shoes.

/ / /
This production strategy [for / created / problem / people / a] who had [the / feet, / so / big / and] government revised the [the / revised / system.]
created a problem for people / big feet, and so the / revised the system. /

/ / /
Now the factory [same / amount / the / of / received] materials, but [a / of / producing / instead / fixed] number of shoes, [was / of / shoes, / factory / the] expected to produce [tons / a / of / of / fixed / number] shoes.
received the same amount of / instead of producing a fixed / of shoes, the factory was / a fixed number of tons of

/ / /
In other words, [would / the / output / now / factory’s] be weighed [rather / counted. / than]
the factory’s output would now / rather than counted. / /

/ / /
And again, the [in / the / responded / factory’s / manager] most efficient [by / but / nothing / producing / way,] huge shoes. [shoes.]
factory’s manager responded in the / way, by producing nothing but / shoes. /

/ / /
In either situation, [not / strategy / government’s / the / did] provide any [motivation / shoes / to / in / produce] various sizes that [met / that / sizes / people’s / needs.]
the government’s strategy did not / motivation to produce shoes in / sizes that met people’s needs. /

/ / /
35 무관한.
/ / /
The use of [has / drones / in / been / science] increasing.
drones in science has been / / /

/ / /
Drones may be [kinds / all / to / useful / collect] of research [data.]
useful to collect all kinds / data. / /

/ / /
For instance, in [data / drones / can / collect / meteorology] on humidity, [temperature, / radiation, / wind / pressure, / force,] etc.
meteorology drones can collect data / pressure, temperature, wind force, radiation, / /

/ / /
In case of [people / or / hurricanes, / nearing / tornados] can seek [the / help / with / of / safety] the data gathered [gathered / drones. / data / by]
nearing tornados or hurricanes, people / safety with the help of / data gathered by drones. /

/ / /
Drones can gather [data / in / that / places / relevant] were previously [difficult / reach―data / costly / to / or] that may provide [new / knowledge / provide / scientific / may] about the atmosphere [climate. / and / the]
relevant data in places that / difficult or costly to reach―data / may provide new scientific knowledge / and the climate.

/ / /
Such knowledge may [models / and / improve / climate / existing] provide more [accurate / predictions.]
improve existing climate models and / accurate predictions. / /

/ / /
36 순서.
/ / /
Crossing the street [is / Los / Angeles / in / a] tricky business, [luckily, / at / the / press / but] of a button, [a / button, / stop / can / we] traffic.
in Los Angeles is a / but luckily, at the press / a button, we can stop /

/ / /
Or can we?
/ / /

/ / /
The button’s real [make / purpose / is / to / us] believe we [influence / an / the / on / have] traffic lights, and [and / better / thus / lights, / we’re] able to endure [to / for / signal / the / the / wait] change with more patience.
purpose is to make us / have an influence on the / lights, and thus we’re better / the wait for the signal to

/ / /
The same goes [and / buttons / “door­open” / “door­close” / for] in elevators: [Many / connected / are / not / even] to the electrical [electrical / the / panel.]
for “door­open” and “door­close” buttons / Many are not even connected / the electrical panel. /

/ / /
Such tricks are [in / designed / also / offices: / For] some people [it / will / always / too / be] hot, for others, [for / cold. / too / others,]
also designed in offices: For / it will always be too / for others, too cold. /

/ / /
Clever technicians create [the / control / illusion / of / by] installing fake [temperature / dials.]
the illusion of control by / temperature dials. / /

/ / /
This reduces energy [complaints. / bills―and]
bills―and complaints. / / /

/ / /
Such tricks are [and / “placebo / they / buttons” / called] are being [sorts / of / all / pushed / in] contexts.
called “placebo buttons” and they / pushed in all sorts of / /

/ / /
37 순서.
/ / /
Both taxi and [drivers / part / a / bus / use] of their [hippocampus / brain / to / the / called] navigate routes that [be / sometimes / routes / can / that] very complicated.
bus drivers use a part / brain called the hippocampus to / routes that can sometimes be /

/ / /
Who would you [larger / the / hippocampus: / has / guess] the taxi [driver? / bus / or / driver]
guess has the larger hippocampus: / driver or bus driver? / /

/ / /
The answer is [driver. / taxi / the]
the taxi driver. / / /

/ / /
This is because [need / take / taxi / drivers / to] new routes [quite / often.]
taxi drivers need to take / quite often. / /

/ / /
To do this, [intensively / they / use / their / hippocampus] to memorize [of / routes / and / all / kinds] figure out the [out / way / to / the / quickest] reach their destinations.
they use their hippocampus intensively / all kinds of routes and / out the quickest way to /

/ / /
In contrast, most [same / drivers / the / bus / follow] route every [not / day / and / do / therefore] stimulate their hippocampus [as / their / hippocampus / much.]
bus drivers follow the same / day and therefore do not / their hippocampus as much. /

/ / /
Over time, the [driver’s / taxi / a / role / triggers] growth of [neurons / and / the / synapses / in] hippocampus, resulting in [size. / increased / in / resulting / its]
taxi driver’s role triggers a / neurons and synapses in the / resulting in its increased size. /

/ / /
Brain changes like [this / basis / the / are / for] seeing improvement [in / performance. / mental]
this are the basis for / in mental performance. / /

/ / /
So if you [navigation / put / your / away / satellite] system and [use / instead, / memory / regularly / your] you may end [end / up / with / a / may] larger hippocampus and [too. / better / perhaps / a / memory,]
put away your satellite navigation / regularly use your memory instead, / may end up with a / perhaps a better memory, too.

/ / /
38 삽입.
/ / /
Emotion plays an [all / in / our / essential / role] pursuits―including our [pursuit / happiness. / of]
essential role in all our / pursuit of happiness. / /

/ / /
It is nearly [impossible / imagine / to / us / for] a life [emotion. / without]
impossible for us to imagine / without emotion. / /

/ / /
Think of an [other / that, / emotionless / robot / than] the capacity [exactly / emotions, / for / has / the] same physical and [characteristics / as / cognitive / and / physical] humans.
emotionless robot that, other than / for emotions, has exactly the / physical and cognitive characteristics as /

/ / /
The robot thinks [behaves / in / and / the / same] way that [do. / humans]
and behaves in the same / humans do. / /

/ / /
It can discuss [and / issues / deep / follow / philosophical] complex logic; [it / and / tunnels / can / dig] build skyscrapers. [skyscrapers.]
deep philosophical issues and follow / it can dig tunnels and / skyscrapers. /

/ / /
Yet, although the [sophisticated, / is / lacks / it / robot] all motivation [to / act.]
robot is sophisticated, it lacks / to act. / /

/ / /
This is because [most / even / basic / desires / the] are dependent [emotions―the / on / thing / one / this] robot lacks. [lacks.]
even the most basic desires / on emotions―the one thing this / lacks. /

/ / /
39 삽입.Favorite websites sometimes [like / greet / users / old / friends.]
greet users like old friends. / / /

/ / /
Online bookstores welcome [their / and / name / customers / by] suggest new [to / books / they / might / like] read.
their customers by name and / books they might like to / /

/ / /
Real estate sites [their / new / tell / visitors / about] properties that [on / come / market. / have / the]
tell their visitors about new / have come on the market. / /

/ / /
These tricks are [cookies, / small / possible / by / made] files that [an / server / inside / Internet / stores] individuals’ web browsers [so / web / it / can / browsers] remember them.
made possible by cookies, small / an Internet server stores inside / web browsers so it can /

/ / /
Therefore, cookies can [greatly / individuals. / benefit]
greatly benefit individuals. / / /

/ / /
For example, cookies [save / of / the / chore / users] having to [into / names / enter / addresses / and] e­commerce websites every [websites / every / they / make / time] a purchase.
save users the chore of / enter names and addresses into / websites every time they make /

/ / /
However, concerns have [cookies, / raised / which / that / been] can track [people / what / may / online, / do] be violating privacy [by / companies / helping / violating / privacy] or government agencies [accumulate / personal / information.]
been raised that cookies, which / what people do online, may / violating privacy by helping companies / accumulate personal information.

/ / /
Security is another [shared / computers / Cookies / make / concern:] far less [secure / many / and / hackers / offer] ways to break [into / to / break / systems.]
concern: Cookies make shared computers / secure and offer hackers many / to break into systems. /

/ / /
40 요약문.We often assume [see / our / physical / we / surroundings] as they [are. / actually]
we see our physical surroundings / actually are. / /

/ / /
But new research [how / see / that / suggests / we] the world [we / depends / on / want / what] from it. [it.]
suggests that how we see / depends on what we want / it. /

/ / /
When a group [people / psychologists / of / to / asked] estimate how [of / away / a / bottle / far] water was, those [who / was, / those / thirsty / were] guessed it was [did. / than / people / closer / nonthirsty]
of psychologists asked people to / far away a bottle of / was, those who were thirsty / closer than nonthirsty people did.

/ / /
This difference in [perception / in / a / showed / up] physical challenge, [too.]
perception showed up in a / too. / /

/ / /
When people were [beanbag / told / to / toss / a] at a [gift / and / that / card, / $25] the closest would [closest / it, / people / win / would] threw their beanbags [inches / short / on / nine / average.]
told to toss a beanbag / $25 gift card, and that / closest would win it, people / nine inches short on average.

/ / /
But when the [was / $0, / card’s / gift / value] people threw [their / beanbags / past / card / the] by an inch. [inch. / an]
gift card’s value was $0, / their beanbags past the card / an inch. /

/ / /
As the brain [distances / saw / who / evolved, / people] to goals [gone / might / as / shorter / have] after what they [often. / wanted / more / what / they]
evolved, people who saw distances / as shorter might have gone / what they wanted more often. /

/ / /
This error in [was / advantage, / an / actually / perception] leading people [to / needed. / what / get / they]
perception was actually an advantage, / to get what they needed. / /