20.
Much has been written and said about positive self-talk― 🚕연결사 [for example ], 🍓repeat [ing ] to ourselves “I am wonderful” when we feel down, “I am strong” when 🍓go [ing ] 🍡전치사 [through메롱 ] a difficult time, or “I am 🍓gett [ing ] better every day in every way” each morning in front of the mirror.
The evidence 💊접속사 [that ] this sort of pep talk works is weak, and there are psychologists who suggest 💊접속사 [that ] it 🦄누구지? __________________ can actually hurt more 💊접속사 [than ] it 🦄누구지? __________________ can help.
Little, unfortunately, has been written about real self-talk, 🍓acknowledg [ing ] honestly 💊접속사 [what ] we are 🍓feel [ing ] at a given point.
When 🍓feel [ing ] down, 🍓say [ing ] “I am really sad” or “I feel so torn”―to ourselves or to someone we trust―is much more helpful 💊접속사 [than ] 🍓declar [ing ] “I am tough” or “I am happy.”
21.
The word sin itself is an 🍓interest [ing ] concept.
It’s actually a term from archery, and it 🦄누구지? __________________ means “to miss the mark.”
When we commit the “sin” of 🍓fail [ing ] to take care of our bodies 🍡전치사 [through메롱 ] proper nutrition, exercise, and rest, we’re 🍓miss [ing ] the mark of 💊접속사 [what ] life is all about.
Businesspeople will tell you 💊접속사 [that ] the individual who is in the best physical shape often wins in negotiations, because he has the physical stamina to see the deal 🍡전치사 [through메롱 ].
One of the reasons world-class golfers are head and shoulders above the other golfers of their 🦄누구지? __________________ era is 💊접속사 [that ] they 🦄누구지? __________________ are in so much better shape 💊접속사 [than ] the others are.
They work out not just 🍡전치사 [on메롱 ] the practice range but in the weight room, 💊접속사 [which ] means 💊접속사 [that ] they 🦄누구지? __________________ have the strength and stamina to win not just the physical game but the mental game in order to close out their 🦄누구지? __________________ opponents in major tournaments.
22.
🍓Introduc [ing ] recovery in all aspects of my life 🍋완료+transform __________________ my overall experience.
In four or five intensive hour-and-a half sessions, each 🍓 follow[ed과거/수동 ] by at least fifteen minutes of recovery, I get just about as much done as I did previously in a twelve-hour marathon day.
🍓Tak [ing ] one full day off every week makes me more productive overall rather 💊접속사 [than ] less so.
And 🚕연결사 [finally ], I have come to see vacations as a good investment.
Today, like a sprinter, I get as much work done as I did previously like a marathon runner―in a lot less time and 🍡전치사 [with메롱 ] a lot more energy and positive emotions.
I spend more time 🍡전치사 [with메롱 ] my family and friends, and when I do, I am more present.
There is no magic here; I am simply 🍓pay [ing ] better attention to my human needs.
23.
Children sometimes see and say things to please adults; teachers must realize this and the power it 🦄누구지? __________________ implies.
Teachers who prefer 💊접속사 [that ] children see beauty as they 🦄누구지? __________________ themselves do are not 🍓encourag [ing ] a sense of aesthetics in children.
They are 🍓foster [ing ] uniformity and obedience.
Only children who choose and evaluate for themselves can truly develop their 🦄누구지? __________________ own aesthetic taste.
Just as 🍓becom [ing ] literate is a basic goal of education, one of the key goals of all creative early childhood programs is to help young children develop the ability to speak freely about their 🦄누구지? __________________ own attitudes, feelings, and ideas about art.
Each child has a right to a personal choice of beauty, joy, and wonder.
Aesthetic development takes place in secure settings free of competition and adult judgment.
25.
Victor Frankl, a famous psychiatrist, 🍓 remain[ed과거/수동 ] head of the neurology department at the Vienna Policlinic Hospital for twenty-five years.
He wrote more 💊접속사 [than ] thirty books for both professionals and general readers.
He met 🍡전치사 [with메롱 ] politicians, world leaders such as Pope Paul VI, philosophers, students, teachers, and numerous individuals who had read and been 🍓 inspir[ed과거/수동 ] by his books.
He 🍓 lectur[ed과거/수동 ] widely in Europe, the Americas, Australia, Asia, and Africa; and held professorships at Harvard, Stanford, and the University of Pittsburgh.
Even in his nineties, Frankl 🍓 continu[ed과거/수동 ] to engage in dialogue 🍡전치사 [with메롱 ] visitors from all over the world and to respond personally to some of the hundreds of letters he 🍓 receiv[ed과거/수동 ] every week.
Twenty-nine universities 🍓 award[ed과거/수동 ] him honorary degrees, and the American Psychiatric Association 🍓 honor[ed과거/수동 ] him 🍡전치사 [with메롱 ] the Oskar Pfister Award.
28.
The competition to sell manuscripts to publishers is fierce.
I would estimate 💊접속사 [that ] less 💊접속사 [than ] one percent of the material sent to publishers is ever 🍓 publish[ed과거/수동 ].
Since so much material is being written, publishers can be very selective.
The material they 🦄누구지? __________________ choose to publish must 💊접속사 [not only ] have commercial value, but be very competently written and free of 🍓edit [ing ] and factual errors.
Any manuscript 💊접속사 [that ] contains errors stands little chance at being 🍓 accept[ed과거/수동 ] for publication.
Most publishers will not want to waste time 🍡전치사 [with메롱 ] writers whose material contains too many mistakes.
29.
Sometimes our judgments of ourselves are unreasonably negative.
This is especially true for people 🍡전치사 [with메롱 ] low self-esteem.
Several studies have shown 💊접속사 [that ] such people tend to magnify the importance of their 🦄누구지? __________________ failures.
They often underestimate their 🦄누구지? __________________ abilities.
And when they 🦄누구지? __________________ get negative feedback, such as a bad evaluation at work or a disrespectful remark from someone they 🦄누구지? __________________ know, they 🦄누구지? __________________ are likely to believe 💊접속사 [that ] it 🦄누구지? __________________ accurately reflects their 🦄누구지? __________________ self-worth.
People 🍡전치사 [with메롱 ] low self-esteem also have a higher-💊접속사 [than ]-average risk of being 🍓 depress[ed과거/수동 ].
This hurts 💊접속사 [not only ] an individual’s mental and emotional well-being but also his or her physical health and the quality of his or her social relationships.
30.
The nurse 🍓 show[ed과거/수동 ] Lina an 🍓open [ing ] in the side of the incubator.
Lina 🍓 slipp[ed과거/수동 ] her hand in and 🍓 touch[ed과거/수동 ] her daughter’s hand.
She lightly 🍓 rubb[ed과거/수동 ] the baby’s wrist and fingers.
Then she 🍓 turn[ed과거/수동 ] to the nurse as tears 🍓 stream[ed과거/수동 ] down her cheeks.
“When can I hold her?”
🍓 ask[ed과거/수동 ] Lina.
“Probably later today.
After the doctor checks her,” said the nurse.
“It is important 💊접속사 [that ] you bond 🍡전치사 [with메롱 ] her.
The more you are around her, the better it 🦄누구지? __________________ will be for the baby.”
Lina 🍓 wip[ed과거/수동 ] the tears from her cheeks 🍡전치사 [with메롱 ] the back of her free hand.
“You don’t have to worry, my little 🍓darl [ing ],” Lina 🍓 whisper[ed과거/수동 ].
“I’m 🍓go [ing ] to be right here 🍡전치사 [with메롱 ] you.
I can hardly wait to take you home.”
To her surprise, the baby 🍓 open[ed과거/수동 ] her eyes and 🍓 grasp[ed과거/수동 ] Lina’s finger.
A surge of joy shot 🍡전치사 [through메롱 ] her.
31.
When Charles Darwin 🍓 develop[ed과거/수동 ] his theory of natural selection, he 🍓 creat[ed과거/수동 ] a picture of the evolutionary process 💊접속사 [in which ] organismic adaptation was ultimately 🍓 caus[ed과거/수동 ] by competition for survival and reproduction.
This biological “struggle for existence” bears considerable resemblance to the human struggle between businessmen who are 🍓striv [ing ] for economic success in competitive markets.
Long before Darwin 🍓 publish[ed과거/수동 ] his work, social scientist Adam Smith had already 🍓 consider[ed과거/수동 ] 💊접속사 [that ] in business life, competition is the 🍓driv [ing ] force behind economic efficiency and adaptation.
It 🌄수동+inde __________________ very 🍓strik [ing ] 💊접속사 [how ] similar the ideas are 🍡전치사 [on메롱 ] 💊접속사 [which ] the founders of modern theory in evolutionary biology and economics 🍓 bas[ed과거/수동 ] their 🦄누구지? __________________ main thoughts.
32.
In 1944 the German rocket-bomb attacks 🍡전치사 [on메롱 ] London suddenly 🍓 escalat[ed과거/수동 ].
Over two thousand V1 🍓fly [ing ] bombs fell 🍡전치사 [on메롱 ] the city, 🍓kill [ing ] more 💊접속사 [than ] five thousand people and 🍓wound [ing ] many more.
Some💊접속사 [how ], 🚕연결사 [💊접속사 [however ] ], the Germans consistently 🍓 miss[ed과거/수동 ] their 🦄누구지? __________________ targets.
Bombs 💊접속사 [that ] 🌄수동+intend __________________ for Tower Bridge, or Piccadilly, would fall well short of the city, 🍓land [ing ] in the less 🍓 populat[ed과거/수동 ] suburbs.
This was because, in 🍓fix [ing ] their 🦄누구지? __________________ targets, the Germans 🍓 reli[ed과거/수동 ] 🍡전치사 [on메롱 ] secret agents they 🦄누구지? __________________ 🍋완료+plant __________________ in England.
They did not know 💊접속사 [that ] these agents 🍋완료수동+discover __________________, and 💊접속사 [that ] in their 🦄누구지? __________________ place, English-🍓 controll[ed과거/수동 ] agents were 🍓giv [ing ] them 🦄누구지? __________________ subtly deceptive information.
The bombs would hit farther and farther from their 🦄누구지? __________________ targets every time they 🦄누구지? __________________ fell.
By the end of the attack they 🦄누구지? __________________ were 🍓land [ing ] 🍡전치사 [on메롱 ] cows in the country.
By 🍓🍓 fe[ed과거/수동 ] [ing ] the enemy wrong information, the English army 🍓 gain[ed과거/수동 ] a strong advantage.
33.
Most people interact 🍡전치사 [with메롱 ] commodities 🍡전치사 [on메롱 ] a daily basis.
If you really stop and think about it 🦄누구지? __________________, most of 💊접속사 [what ] average people spend their 🦄누구지? __________________ money 🍡전치사 [on메롱 ] revolves around the consumption of commodities.
When you wake up in the morning, you might drink a cup of coffee.
🍡전치사 [On메롱 ] the way to work, you might put gasoline in your car.
When you pay your electric bills, buy a car, buy clothes, or even bake a cake, you are 🍓spend [ing ] money 🍡전치사 [on메롱 ] commodity-🍓 relat[ed과거/수동 ] expenses.
The prices of these items are dependent 🍡전치사 [on메롱 ] the prices of the physical commodities.
🚕연결사 [For instance ], when crude oil prices rise 🍡전치사 [because of메롱 ] 🍓 increas[ed과거/수동 ] tensions in the Middle East, you can easily see this in gasoline prices.
When excessive heat drives up demand for natural gas, you can also see this in your utility bill.
34.
Our sense of 💊접속사 [how ] 🍓 depriv[ed과거/수동 ] we are is relative.
This is an observation 💊접속사 [that ] is both obvious and (upon exploration) deeply profound, and it 🦄누구지? __________________ explains all kinds of otherwise 🍓puzzl [ing ] observations.
💊접속사 [Which ] do you think, 🚕연결사 [for example ], has a higher suicide rate: countries whose citizens declare themselves to be very happy, such as Switzerland, Denmark, Iceland, the Netherlands, and Canada, or countries like Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain, whose citizens describe themselves as not very happy at all?
Answer: the so-🍓 call[ed과거/수동 ] happy countries.
If you 🌄수동+depress __________________ in a place 💊접속사 [where ] most people are pretty unhappy, you compare yourself to those around you and you don’t feel all 💊접속사 [that ] bad.
But can you imagine 💊접속사 [how ] difficult it 🦄누구지? __________________ must be to be 🍓 depress[ed과거/수동 ] in a country 💊접속사 [where ] everyone else has a big smile 🍡전치사 [on메롱 ] their 🦄누구지? __________________ face?
35.
Companies would like to enhance employee contentment 🍡전치사 [on메롱 ] the job for several reasons.
Job satisfaction increases productivity because happy employees work harder, 🍓allow [ing ] them 🦄누구지? __________________ to produce more at a lower cost.
🚕연결사 [Moreover ], in many service organizations, client satisfaction often depends directly 🍡전치사 [on메롱 ] the attitudes of employees, who are the company’s face for customers.
Because people’s 🍓purchas [ing ] patterns 🌄수동+affect __________________ by 💊접속사 [how ] they 🦄누구지? __________________ feel 🍓dur [ing ] the 🍓buy [ing ] experience, happy employees matter.
When workers 🌄수동+dissatisfi __________________, their 🦄누구지? __________________ unhappiness makes the customer’s experience worse; 🚕연결사 [as a result ], consumers buy less, and company performance suffers.
Clearly, it 🦄누구지? __________________ is important for companies to know 💊접속사 [what ] makes their 🦄누구지? __________________ employees 🍓 satisfi[ed과거/수동 ] 🍡전치사 [with메롱 ] their 🦄누구지? __________________ jobs.
36.
James Francis was born in England and 🍓 emigrat[ed과거/수동 ] to the 🍓 Unit[ed과거/수동 ] States at age 18.
One of his first contributions to water 🍓engineer [ing ] was the invention of the sprinkler system now widely 🍓 us[ed과거/수동 ] in buildings for fire protection.
(B)Francis’s design 🍓 involv[ed과거/수동 ] a series of 🍓 perforat[ed과거/수동 ] pipes 🍓runn [ing ] throughout the 🍓build [ing ].
It had two defects: it 🦄누구지? __________________ had to be 🍓 turn[ed과거/수동 ] 🍡전치사 [on메롱 ] manually, and it 🦄누구지? __________________ had only one valve.
(A)Once the system 🌄수동+activat __________________ by 🍓open [ing ] the valve, water would flow out every💊접속사 [where ].
If the 🍓build [ing ] did not burn down, it 🦄누구지? __________________ would certainly be completely 🍓 flood[ed과거/수동 ].
(C)Only some years later, when other engineers 🍓 perfect[ed과거/수동 ] the kind of sprinkler heads in use nowadays, did the concept become popular.
They 🍓 turn[ed과거/수동 ] 🍡전치사 [on메롱 ] automatically and 🌄수동+activat __________________ only 💊접속사 [where ] actually needed.
37.
The difference between 🍓sell [ing ] and 🍓market [ing ] is very simple.
🍓Sell [ing ] focuses mainly 🍡전치사 [on메롱 ] the firm’s desire to sell products for revenue.
(B)Salespeople and other forms of promotion 🌄수동+us __________________ to create demand for a firm’s current products.
Clearly, the needs of the seller are very strong.
(C)🍓Market [ing ], 🚕연결사 [💊접속사 [however ] ], focuses 🍡전치사 [on메롱 ] the needs of the consumer, ultimately 🍓benefit [ing ] the seller as well.
When a product or service is truly 🍓 market[ed과거/수동 ], the needs of the consumer 🌄수동+consider __________________ from the very 🍓beginn [ing ] of the new product development process, and the product-service mix 🌄수동+design __________________ to meet the 🍓 unsatisfi[ed과거/수동 ] needs of the 🍓consum [ing ] public.
(A)When a product or service 🌄수동+market __________________ in the proper manner, very little 🍓sell [ing ] is necessary because the consumer need already exists and the product or service is merely being 🍓 produc[ed과거/수동 ] to satisfy the need.
38.
If you apply all your extra money to 🍓pay [ing ] off debt 🍡전치사 [without메롱 ] 🍓sav [ing ] for the things 💊접속사 [that ] 🌄수동+guarante __________________ to happen, you will feel like you’ve 🍓 fail[ed과거/수동 ] when 🍓someth [ing ] does happen.
You will end up 🍓go [ing ] further into debt.
Let’s use an example of an 🍓 unexpect[ed과거/수동 ] auto repair bill of $500.
If you don’t save for this, you’ll end up 🍡전치사 [with메롱 ] another debt to pay off.
You’ll feel 🍓 frustrat[ed과거/수동 ] 💊접속사 [that ] you have been 🍓work [ing ] so hard to pay things off and yet you just 🍓 add[ed과거/수동 ] more debt to your list.
🚕연결사 [🍡전치사 [On메롱 ] the other hand ], if you are 🍓sav [ing ] for auto repairs and pay down your debt a little slower, you will feel proud 💊접속사 [that ] you 🍓 plann[ed과거/수동 ] for the auto repair.
You will have cash to pay for it 🦄누구지? __________________, and you are still 🍓pay [ing ] down your debt 🍓 uninterrupt[ed과거/수동 ] and 🍡전치사 [on메롱 ] schedule.
Instead of frustration and disappointment from the 🍓 unexpect[ed과거/수동 ] auto repair, you feel proud and 🍓 excit[ed과거/수동 ].
39.
A dramatic example of 💊접속사 [how ] culture can influence our biological processes 🌄수동+provid __________________ by anthropologist Clyde Kluckhohn, who spent much of his career in the American Southwest 🍓study [ing ] the Navajo culture.
Kluckhohn tells of a nonNavajo woman he knew in Arizona who took a some💊접속사 [what ] perverse pleasure in 🍓caus [ing ] a cultural response to food.
At luncheon parties she often 🍓 serv[ed과거/수동 ] sandwiches 🍓 fill[ed과거/수동 ] 🍡전치사 [with메롱 ] a light meat 💊접속사 [that ] 🍓 resembl[ed과거/수동 ] tuna or chicken but had a distinctive taste.
Only after everyone 🍋완료+finish __________________ lunch would the hostess inform her guests 💊접속사 [that ] 💊접속사 [what ] they 🦄누구지? __________________ had just eaten was 💊접속사 [neither ] tuna salad nor chicken salad but rather rattlesnake salad.
Invariably, someone would vomit upon 🍓learn [ing ] 💊접속사 [what ] they 🦄누구지? __________________ had eaten.
Here, then, is an excellent example of 💊접속사 [how ] the biological process of digestion 🌄수동+influenc __________________ by a cultural idea.
💊접속사 [Not only ] was the process 🍓 influenc[ed과거/수동 ], it 🦄누구지? __________________ 🌄수동+revers __________________: the culturally 🍓 bas[ed과거/수동 ] idea 💊접속사 [that ] rattlesnake meat is a 🍓disgust [ing ] 🍓th [ing ] to eat 🍓 trigger[ed과거/수동 ] a violent reversal of the normal digestive process.
40.
Sometimes animals seem 🍓 unconcern[ed과거/수동 ] even when 🍓 approach[ed과거/수동 ] closely, whereas other times they 🦄누구지? __________________ disappear in a flash when you come in sight.
Animals tend to be 🍓 disturb[ed과거/수동 ] by 🍓 unexpect[ed과거/수동 ] and unpredictable events; quick movements and loud noises are particularly stressful.
Animals 💊접속사 [that ] are regularly 🍓 disturb[ed과거/수동 ] by visitors are more likely to tolerate your intrusion 💊접속사 [than ] those 💊접속사 [that ] have had little previous contact 🍡전치사 [with메롱 ] humans.
In Yellowstone National Park, 🚕연결사 [for example ], elk 💊접속사 [that ] live close to the town of Mammoth Hot Springs typically do not flee until cross-country skiers get within fifty feet.
In more remote parts of the park, 🚕연결사 [💊접속사 [however ] ], elk take flight when skiers are as much as a quarter mile away.
⇒ The degree of animals’ tolerance for the human disturbance depends 🍡전치사 [on메롱 ] the frequency of their 🦄누구지? __________________ exposure to humans.
