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1992 21년07월26일 | Since 2005 임희재 | 블루티쳐학원 영어 | 010-3338-3436 | 10,000시간의 연구

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1992-18

 

① To whom it may concern, We are students from St. Andrew's College who are currently taking a Media Studies class that requires us to film a short video. ② We would like to film at Sunbury Park on November 14th, 2019, from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. After looking for several days to find good locations, we decided on filming at Sunbury because it is not overly populated during this time of day. ③ Our team will not cause any issues to public services or other park visitors. ④ We would therefore like to request permission to film at Sunbury Park at the time above. ⑤ If you need to contact our Media Studies teacher, Damien Matthews, for further information, he can be reached at damien@st_andrews.ac.uk.



① 관계자님께, 저희는 St. Andrew's 대학 학생으로 현재 Media Studies 강좌를 수강하고 있으며 단편 영상을 촬영해야 합니다. ② 2019년 11월 14일 오전 9시부터 오후 3시까지 Sunbury Park에서 촬영하고자 합니다. ③ 적당한 장소를 며칠에 걸쳐 찾아본 후, 하루 중 이 시간이 지나치게 붐비지 않기에 저희는 Sunbury에서 촬영하기로 결정하였습니다. ④ 저희 팀은 공공 시설물이나 다른 공원 방문객들에게 어떠한 문제도 일으키지 않을 것입니다. ⑤ 그러므로 저희는 위 시간에 Sunbury Park에서의 촬영 허가를 요청하고자 합니다. ⑥ 추가 정보를 위해서 Media Studies 선생님 Damien Matthews에게 연락이 필요하다면, damien@st_andrews.ac.uk로 연락해 주십시오. 


1992-19

 

① The rain was more than a quick spring shower because in the last ten minutes, it had only gotten louder and heavier. ② The thunder was getting even closer. ③ Sadie and Lauren were out there with no rain gear. ④ No shelter. ⑤ And standing in the midst of too many tall trees ― or lightning rods. ⑥ Sadie looked up, trying to see if the black cloud was moving. ⑦ But it was no longer just one cloud. ⑧ It appeared as though the entire sky had turned dark. ⑨ Their innocent spring shower had turned into a raging thunderstorm. ⑩ "Maybe we should go back the direction we came from," Sadie said, panicked. ⑪ "Do you know which way we came?" ⑫ Lauren asked, her eyes darting around. ⑬ Sadie's heart fell. ⑭ Sadie realized with anxiety that she didn't even know where she'd taken her last ten steps from. ⑮ Every angle looked exactly the same. ⑯ Every tree a twin to the one beside it. ⑰ Every fallen limb mimicking ten others.



① 지난 10분 동안 더 요란해지고 강해진 비는 잠깐 내리는 봄 소나기 이상이었다. ② 천둥소리가 점점 더 가까워졌다. ③ Sadie와 Lauren은 우비도 없이 밖에 있었다. ④ 비를 피할 곳이 없었다. ⑤ 그리고 지나치게 많은 키 큰 나무들, 즉 피뢰침들의 한 가운데에 서 있었다. ⑥ Sadie는 먹구름이 움직이는지를 확인하려 위를 올려다보았다. ⑦ 그러나 더 이상 구름 한 점이 아니었다. ⑧ 마치 하늘 전체가 검게 변한 것처럼 보였다. ⑨ 온순한 봄 소나기가 맹렬한 뇌우로 바뀌었다. ⑩ "아마도 우리가 왔던 방향으로 돌아가야 할 것 같아," Sadie는 겁에 질려 말했다. ⑪ "우리가 어떤 길로 왔는지 알고 있어?" ⑫ Lauren이 시선을 여기저기 던지며 물었다. ⑬ Sadie의 심장이 철렁했다. ⑭ Sadie는 열 발자국 전이 어디인지조차 알지 못했음을 불안해하며 깨달았다. ⑮ 사방이 너무나 똑같아 보였다. ⑯ 모든 나무가 그 옆 나무와 똑같아 보였다. ⑰ 늘어진 큰 가지들은 모두 다른 열 개의 가지들과 똑같아 보였다. 


1992-20

 

 These days, electric scooters have quickly become a campus staple. ② Their rapid rise to popularity is thanks to the convenience they bring, but it isn't without problems. ③ Scooter companies provide safety regulations, but the regulations aren't always followed by the riders. ④ Students can be reckless while they ride, some even having two people on one scooter at a time. ⑤ Universities already have certain regulations, such as walk-only zones, to restrict motorized modes of transportation. ⑥ However, they need to do more to target motorized scooters specifically. ⑦ To ensure the safety of students who use electric scooters, as well as those around them, officials should look into reinforcing stricter regulations, such as having traffic guards flagging down students and giving them warning when they violate the regulations.



① 요즘 들어 전동 스쿠터가 빠르게 캠퍼스의 주요한 것이 되고 있다. ② 그들의 빠른(가파른) 인기 상승은 스쿠터가 가져다주는 편리함 덕분이지만, 문제가 없는 것은 아니다. ③ 스쿠터 회사는 안전 규정을 제공하고 있지만 탑승자들에 의해 이 규정들이 항상 지켜지는 것은 아니다. ④ 학생들은 탑승하는 동안 무모할 수 있고, 일부는 한 대의 스쿠터에 두 명이 한꺼번에 탑승하기도 한다. ⑤ 대학들은 이미 전동 교통수단을 제한하기 위해 보행자 전용 구역과 같은 특정한 규정들을 두고 있다. ⑥ 그러나 그들은 특정하여 전동 스쿠터를 대상으로 더 많은 규정을 두어야 한다. ⑦ 전동 스쿠터를 이용하는 학생들과 그들 주변의 사람들의 안전을 지키기 위하여 관계자들은 학생들이 규정을 위반했을 때 신호로 정지시키고 경고를 주는 교통정리원을 두는 등 더 엄격한 규정을 강화할 것을 검토해야 한다. 


1992-21

 

① Humans are omnivorous, meaning that they can consume and digest a wide selection of plants and animals found in their surroundings. ② The primary advantage to this is that they can adapt to nearly all earthly environments. ③ The disadvantage is that no single food provides the nutrition necessary for survival. ④ Humans must be flexible enough to eat a variety of items sufficient for physical growth and maintenance, yet cautious enough not to randomly ingest foods that are physiologically harmful and, possibly, fatal. ⑤ This dilemma, the need to experiment combined with the need for conservatism, is known as the omnivore's paradox. ⑥ It results in two contradictory psychological impulses regarding diet. ⑦ The first is an attraction to new foods; the second is a preference for familiar foods.



① 인간은 주변 환경에서 발견된 다양한 식물과 동물을 먹고 소화할 수 있는 잡식성이다. ② 이것의 주된 이점은 그들이 거의 모든 지구의 환경에 적응할 수 있다는 것이다. ③ 불리한 점은 단 한가지의 음식만으로는 생존에 필요한 영양분을 제공하지 못한다는 것이다. ④ 인간은 신체적 성장과 유지에 충분한 다양한 것들을 먹을 수 있을 만큼 충분히 융통성 있어야 하지만, 생리학적으로 해롭고 어쩌면 치명적인 음식을 무작위로 섭취하지 않을 만큼 충분히 조심스러워야 한다. ⑤ 이 딜레마, 즉 보수성에 대한 필요와 결합된 실험의 필요는 잡식 동물의 역설이라고 알려져 있다. ⑥ 그것은 음식과 관련된 두 가지의 모순된 심리적 충동을 낳는다. ⑦ 첫 번째는 새로운 음식에 대한 끌림이고, 두 번째는 익숙한 음식에 대한 선호이다. 


1992-22

 

① Recording an interview is easier and more thorough, and can be less unnerving to an interviewee than seeing someone scribbling in a notebook. ② But using a recorder has some disadvantages and is not always the best solution. ③ If the interview lasts a while, listening to it again to select the quotes you wish to use can be time-consuming, especially if you are working to a tight deadline. ④ It is often more efficient to develop the technique (using a recorder as backup if you wish) of selective note-taking. ⑤ Thisinvolves writing down the key answers from an interview so that they can be transcribed easily afterwards. ⑥ It is sensible to take down more than you think you'll need, but try to get into the habit of editing out the material you are not going to need as the interview proceeds. ⑦ It makes the material much easier and quicker to handle afterwards.



① 인터뷰를 녹음하는 것은 더 쉽고 더 면밀하며 누군가가 수첩에 급히 글을 쓰는 것을 보는 것보다 인터뷰 대상에게는 덜 불안하게 만드는 것일 수 있다. ② 그러나 녹음기를 사용하는 것은 일부 단점이 있으며 항상 최고의 해결책은 아니다. ③ 인터뷰가 어느 정도 지속된다면, 여러분이 사용하고자 하는 인용구를 고르기 위해 인터뷰를 다시 듣는 것은 시간이 많이 걸릴 수 있고, 빠듯한 마감 시간에 맞추어야 한다면 특히 그렇다. ④ (원한다면 예비로 녹음기를 사용하며) 선별적 필기 기술을 발달시키는 것이 흔히 더 효율적이다. ⑤ 이 기술은 인터뷰 이후 전사(轉寫)하는 것이 용이하도록 인터뷰에서 핵심 답변을 적는 것을 포함한다. ⑥ 여러분이 필요할 것이라고 생각하는 것 이상을 적는 것이 합리적이나 인터뷰가 진행되는 동안, 필요하지 않을 자료를 걸러내는 습관을 들이도록 노력하라. ⑦ 이 방법은 인터뷰 이후에 자료를 훨씬 더 쉽고 빠르게 다루게 한다. 


1992-23

 

① The original idea of a patent, remember, was not to reward inventors with monopoly profits, but to encourage them to share their inventions. ② A certain amount of intellectual property law is plainly necessary to achieve this. ③ But it has gone too far. ④ Most patents are now as much about defending monopoly and discouraging rivals as about sharing ideas. ⑤ And that disrupts innovation. ⑥ Many firms use patents as barriers to entry, suing upstart innovators who trespass on their intellectual property even on the way to some other goal. ⑦ In the years before World War I, aircraft makers tied each other up in patent lawsuits and slowed down innovation until the US government stepped in. ⑧ Much the same has happened with smartphones and biotechnology today. ⑨ New entrants have to fight their way through "patent thickets" if they are to build on existing technologies to make new ones.



① 특허권의 원래 목적은 발명가에게 독점 이익을 보상하는 것이 아니라 그들이 발명품을 공유하도록 장려하는 것임을 기억하라. ② 어느 정도의 지적재산권법은 이 목적을 이루기 위해 분명히 필요하다. ③ 하지만 그것은 도를 넘어섰다. ④ 대부분의 특허권은 이제 아이디어를 공유하는 것만큼 독점을 보호하고 경쟁자들을 단념시키고 있다. ⑤ 그리고 그것은 혁신을 막는다. ⑥ 많은 회사들은 특허권을 진입 장벽으로 사용하여, 다른 목표를 향해가는 도중에도 지적재산을 침해하는 신흥 혁신가들을 고소한다. ⑦ 제1차 세계 대전 이전에는 항공기 제조사들이 특허권 소송에 서로를 묶어 놓아 미국 정부가 개입할 때까지 혁신을 늦추었다. ⑧ 오늘날 스마트폰과 생명공학에서도 동일한 상황이 생기고 있다. ⑨ 기존 기술을 바탕으로 새로운 기술을 만들려고 한다면 새로운 업체들은 '특허 덤불'을 헤쳐 나가야 한다. 


1992-24

 

① The earliest challenges and contests to solve important problems in mathematics date back to the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. ② Some of these problems have continued to challenge mathematicians until modern times. ③ For example, Pierre de Fermat issued a set of mathematical challenges in 1657, many on prime numbers and divisibility. ④ The solution to what is now known as Fermat's Last Theorem was not established until the late 1990s by Andrew Wiles. ⑤ David Hilbert, a German mathematician, identified 23 unsolved problems in 1900 with the hope that theseproblems would be solved in the twenty-first century. ⑥ Although some of the problems were solved, others remain unsolved to this day. ⑦ More recently, in 2000, the Clay Mathematics Institute named seven mathematical problems that had not been solved with the hope that they could be solved in the twenty-first century. ⑧ A $1 million prize will be awarded for solving each of these seven problems.



① 수학의 중요한 문제를 풀려는 가장 초기의 도전과 경쟁은 16세기와 17세기로 거슬러 올라간다. ② 일부 문제들은 계속해서 현대까지 수학자들을 시험하고 있다. ③ 예를 들어, Pierre de Fermat는 1657년에 일련의 수학적 과제들을 제시했는데, 그 중 다수는 소수와 가분성에 관한 것이었다. ④ 현재 Fermat의 Last Theorem이라고 알려진 것에 대한 해답은 1990년대 후반이 되어서야 Andrew Wiles에 의해 밝혀졌다. ⑤ 독일 수학자인 David Hilbert는 21세기에는 풀릴 것이라는 희망으로 1900년에 23개의 풀리지 않는 문제를 규정했다. ⑥ 이 문제들 중 일부는 풀렸으나, 나머지들은 오늘 날에도 풀리지 않고 있다. ⑦ 더 최근인 2000년에 Clay Mathematics Institute는 21세기에 풀릴 것이라는 희망을 가지고 풀리지 않는 7개의 수학 문제를 지정했다. ⑧ 이 7개 문제를 해결하는 것에 각각 100만 달러의 상금이 주어질 것이다. 


1992-25

 

① The table above shows the trends in renewable energy worldwide from 2014 to 2017. ② The total amount of installed capacity of renewable energy technologies was on the rise during the given period. ③ While the percentage of hydropower energy steadily decreased from 2014 to 2017, the technologies of both onshore wind and solar energy took increasing shares during the same period. ④ The percentage of solar energy in particular shows the sharpest increase rate among the given renewable energy technologies from 10.0 percent in 2014 to 17.6 percent in 2017. ⑤ Still, however, the combined share of onshore wind and solar energy was less than a third of the total amount of installed capacity in 2014 but was more than a third of the total amount of installed capacity from 2015 to 2017. ⑥ The category of Others accounted for less than 10 percent of the total amount of installed capacity every year during the given period.



① 위 표는 2014년부터 2017년까지 전 세계의 재생 가능한 에너지의 추세를 보여 준다. ② 재생 가능 에너지 기술의 설비 용량의 총량은 주어진 기간 동안에 증가했다. ③ 2014년부터 2017년까지 수력 에너지의 비율은 꾸준히 감소한 반면에, 같은 기간 동안 내륙풍력 및 태양 에너지 기술은 비중이 증가했다. ④ 특히 태양 에너지의 비율은 2014년에는 10.0퍼센트에서 2017년에는 17.6퍼센트로 주어진 재생 가능 에너지 기술 중 가장 급격한 증가율을 보여준다. ⑤ 하지만 여전히 내륙풍력과 태양 에너지를 합친 비중은 2014년에는 설비 용량 총량의 3분의 1 미만이었지만, 2015년에서 2017년까지는 3분의 1을 초과했다. ⑥ 기타 에너지 범주는 주어진 기간 동안 매년 설비 용량 총량의 10퍼센트 미만을 차지했다. 


1992-26

 

 Born in 1917, Cleveland Amory was an author, an animal advocate, and an animal rescuer. ② During his childhood, he had a great affection for his aunt Lucy, who was instrumental in helping Amory get his first puppy as a child, an event that Amory remembered seventy years later as the most memorable moment of his childhood. ③ He graduated from Harvard College in 1939 and later became the youngest editor ever hired by The Saturday Evening Post. ④ Amory wrote three instant bestselling books, including The Best Cat Ever, based on his love of animals. ⑤ He founded The Fund for Animals in 1967, and he served as its president, without pay, until his death in 1998. ⑥ He always dreamed of a place where animals could roam free and live in caring conditions. ⑦ Inspired by Anna Sewell's novel Black Beauty, Amory established Black Beauty Ranch, a 1,460 acre area that shelters various abused animals including chimpanzees and elephants. ⑧ Today, a stone monument to Amory stands at Black Beauty Ranch.



① 1917년에 태어난 Cleveland Amory는 작가이며 동물 옹호자이자 동물 구조자였다. ② 어린 시절 그는 Lucy 아주머니에 대한 엄청난 애정을 가지고 있었는데, 그녀는 Amory가 어린 시절 처음으로 강아지를 갖게 되는 데 도움을 주었고, 이는 70년이 지난 후 그가 가장 기억에 남는 순간으로 기억하는 일이었다. ③ 그는 1939년에 Harvard College를 졸업했고, 후에 'The Saturday Evening Post'에 고용된 최연소 편집자가 되었다. ④ 그의 동물에 대한 애정을 바탕으로 Amory는 'The Best Cat Ever'를 포함한 세 권의 출간되자마자 베스트 셀러가 된 책을 썼다. ⑤ 그는 1967년 The Fund for Animals를 설립했고 1998년에 죽을 때까지 보수를 받지 않고 회장으로 일했다. ⑥ 그는 돌봐주는 환경에서 동물들이 자유롭게 돌아다니고 살 수 있는 장소를 항상 꿈꿨다. ⑦ Anna Sewell의 소설 'Black Beauty'에 영감을 얻어 Amory는 침팬지와 코끼리를 포함하여 다양한 학대받은 동물들을 보호하는 1,460에이커의 Black Beauty Ranch를 만들었다. ⑧ 현재 Amory의 석조 기념비가 Black Beauty Ranch에 세워져 있다. 


1992-29

 

① Not only are humans unique in the sense that they began to use an ever-widening tool set, we are also the only species on this planet that has constructed forms of complexity that use external energy sources. ② This was a fundamental new development, for which there were no precedents in big history. ③ This capacity may first have emerged between 1.5 and 0.5 million years ago, when humans began to control fire. ④ From at least 50,000 years ago, some of the energy stored in air and water flows was used for navigation and, much later, also for powering the first machines. ⑤ Around 10,000 years ago, humans learned to cultivate plants and tame animals and thus control these important matter and energy flows. ⑥ Very soon, they also learned to use animal muscle power. ⑦ About 250 years ago, fossil fuels began to be used on a large scale for powering machines of many different kinds, thereby creating the virtually unlimited amounts of artificial complexity that we are familiar with today.



① 인간은 점점 확장되는 도구 세트를 이용하기 시작했다는 점에서 유일무이할 뿐만 아니라 외부 에너지원을 이용하는 복잡한 형태를 만들어 낸 지구상 유일한 종이다. ② 이것은 근본적인 새로운 발전이었는데 거대한 역사에서 (그 발전과 같은) 전례가 없었다. ③ 이러한 능력은 인간이 불을 통제하기 시작했던 150만 년 전에서 50만 년 전 사이에 처음으로 생겨났을지도 모른다. ④ 기류 및 수류에 저장된 에너지의 일부가 적어도 5만 년 전부터 운항에, 그리고 훨씬 후에, 최초의 기계에 동력을 제공하는 데에도 사용되었다. ⑤ 1만 년 전 즈음에, 인간은 식물을 경작하고 동물을 길들여서 이런 중요한 물질 및 에너지 흐름을 통제하는 법을 배웠다. ⑥ 곧 인간은 동물의 근력을 이용하는 법도 배우게 되었다. ⑦ 약 250년 전에는, 많은 다양한 종류의 기계에 동력을 공급하는 데 화석 연료가 대규모로 사용되기 시작하였고, 그렇게 함으로써 오늘날 우리에게 익숙한 사실상 무한한 양의 인공적인 복잡성을 만들어내었다. 


1992-30

 

① A champion of free speech and religious toleration, Voltaire was a controversial figure. ② He is, for instance, supposed to have declared, "I hate what you say, but will defend to the death your right to say it," a powerful defense of the idea that even views that you despise deserve to be heard. ③ In eighteenth-century Europe, however, the Catholic Church strictly controlled what could be published. ④ Many of Voltaire's plays and books were censored and burned in public, and he was even imprisoned in the Bastille in Paris because he had insulted a powerful aristocrat. ⑤ But none of thisstopped him challenging the prejudices and pretensions of those around him. ⑥ In his short philosophical novel, Candide, he completely undermined the kind of religious optimism about humanity and the universe that other contemporary thinkers had expressed, and he did it in such an entertaining way that the book became an instant bestseller. ⑦ Wisely, Voltaire left his name off the title page, otherwise its publication would have landed him in prison again for making fun of religious beliefs.



① 언론의 자유와 종교적 관용의 옹호자인 Voltaire는 논란이 많았던 인물이었다. ② 예를 들어 그는 "나는 여러분이 하는 말을 싫어하지만 그것을 말할 여러분의 권리를 사력을 다해 옹호할 것이다,"라고 말했다고 여겨지는데, 그것은 여러분이 경멸하는 의견조차도 들을 자격이 있다는 생각에 대한 강력한 변론이었다. ③ 하지만 18세기 유럽에서는 가톨릭 교회가 무엇이 출판될 수 있는지를 엄격히 통제하였다. ④ Voltaire의 많은 희곡과 책이 검열을 받았고 공개적으로 불태워졌으며, 세력이 있는 귀족을 모욕했기 때문에 파리의 Bastille 감옥에 수감되기까지 하였다. ⑤ 하지만 이 중 어떤 것도 그가 그의 주변 사람들의 편견과 가식에 도전하는 것을 멈추게 하지 못했다. ⑥ 그의 철학 단편 소설인 'Candide'에서, 그는 당대의 다른 사상가들이 표명했던 인류와 우주에 대한 종교적인 낙관론을 완전히 훼손했고, 이를 매우 재미있는 방식으로 하여 그 책은 즉시 베스트셀러가 되었다. ⑦ 현명하게도, Voltaire는 속표지에서 자신의 이름을 지웠는데, 만약 그렇지 않았다면 그 책의 출판은 종교적 신념을 조롱한 이유로 다시 그를 감옥에 갇히게 했을지도 모른다 


1992-31

 

① Children develop the capacity for solitude in the presence of an attentive other. ② Consider the silences that fall when you take a young boy on a quiet walk in nature. ③ The child comes to feel increasingly aware of what it is to be alone in nature, supported by being "with" someone who is introducing him to this experience. ④ Gradually, the child takes walks alone. ⑤ Or imagine a mother giving her two-year-old daughter a bath, allowing the girl's reverie with her bath toys as she makes up stories and learns to be alone with her thoughts, all the while knowing her mother is present and available to her. ⑥ Gradually, the bath, taken alone, is a time when the child is comfortable with her imagination. ⑦ Attachment enables solitude.



① 아이들은 관심을 가져주는 타인이 있을 때 혼자 있을 수 있는 능력을 발달시킨다. ② 여러분이 어린 아이를 자연에서 조용히 산책시킬 때 다가오는 고요를 생각해 보아라. ③ 그 아이는, 그에게 이러한 경험을 처음으로 하게 한 누군가와 '함께' 있다는 것에 의해 도움을 받아, 자연 속에서 혼자 있는 것이 어떤 것인지에 대해 점점 알아 가는 것을 느끼게 된다. ④ 점차적으로, 그 아이는 혼자 산책한다. ⑤ 또는 두 살짜리 딸아이를 목욕시키는 엄마가, 딸이 엄마와 함께 있고 엄마가 자신에게 시간을 내어줄 수 있다는 것을 알고 있는 내내, 이야기를 만들고 생각을 하며 혼자 있는 법을 배우면서 목욕 장난감을 가지고 공상에 잠길 수 있게 하는 것을 생각해 보아라. ⑥ 점차적으로, 혼자서 하는 목욕은 그 아이가 상상을 하며 편안해 하는 시간이 된다. ⑦ 애착은 혼자 있는 것을 가능하게 한다. 


1992-32

 

① Much of the spread of fake news occurs through irresponsible sharing. ② A 2016 study from Columbia University in New York City and Inria, a French technology institute, found that 59 percent of the news from links shared on social media wasn't read first. ③ People see an intriguing headline or photo in their news feed or on another website and then click the Share button to repost the item to their social media friends ― without ever clicking through to the full article. ④ Then they may be sharing fake news. ⑤ To stop the spread of fake news, read stories before you share them. ⑥ Respect your social media friends enough to know what information you are sending their way. ⑦ You may discover, on close inspection, that an article you were about to share is obviously fraudulent, that it doesn't really say what the headline promises, or that you actually disagree with it.



① 가짜 뉴스 확산의 많은 부분은 무책임한 공유를 통해 일어난다. ② 2016년 뉴욕시의 Columbia University와 프랑스의 기술원인 Inria의 연구는 소셜 미디어에서 공유된 링크로부터의 뉴스 중 59퍼센트가 먼저 읽히지 않았음을 밝혀 냈다. ③ 그러면 그들은 가짜 뉴스를 공유하고 있는지도 모른다. ④ 가짜 뉴스의 확산을 막기 위해, 기사를 공유하기 전에 그것을 읽어보아라. ⑤ 여러분이 그들에게 어떤 정보를 보내고 있는지 알 만큼 충분히 여러분의 소셜 미디어 친구들을 존중하라. 


1992-33

 

① New technology tends to come from new ventures ― startups. ② From the Founding Fathers in politics to the Royal Society in science to Fairchild Semiconductor's "traitorous eight" in business, small groups of people bound together by a sense of mission have changed the world for the better. ③ The easiest explanation for this is negative: it's hard to develop new things in big organizations, and it's even harder to do it by yourself. ④ Bureaucratic hierarchies move slowly, and entrenched interests shy away from risk. ⑤ In the most dysfunctional organizations, signaling that work is being done becomes a better strategy for career advancement than actually doing work. ⑥ At the other extreme, a lone genius might create a classic work of art or literature, but he could never create an entire industry. ⑦ Startups operate on the principle that you need to work with other people to get stuff done, but you also need to stay small enough so that you actually can.



① 신기술은 새로운 벤처 기업, 즉 스타트업에서 비롯되는 경향이 있다. ② 정치 분야의 Founding Fathers부터 과학 분야의 Royal Society와 경영 분야의 Fairchild Semiconductor의 '8명의 배신자'에 이르기까지, 사명감에 의해 함께 뭉쳐진 소집단의 사람들이 세상을 더 나은 방향으로 변화시켜 왔다. ③ 이것에 대한 가장 쉬운 설명은 부정적인 것인데, 큰 규모의 조직에서는 새로운 것을 개발하기가 어렵고, 혼자 힘으로 해내기는 훨씬 더 어렵다는 것이다. ④ 관료적인 계급 구조는 느리게 움직이고, 굳어진 이해관계는 위험을 피하려 한다. ⑤ 가장 제대로 기능을 하지 않는 조직에서는, 일이 진행되고 있음을 알리는 것이 실제로 일을 진행하는 것보다 승진을 위한 더 나은 전략이 된다. ⑥ 반대 극단에서는, 혼자인 천재는 최고 수준의 예술이나 문학 작품을 만들어 낼지는 모르지만, 절대 전체 산업을 창출해 낼 수는 없다. ⑦ 스타트업은 일을 끝내기 위해 여러분이 다른 사람들과 함께 일해야 하지만, 또한 실제로 그렇게 할 수 있도록 충분히 작은 규모를 유지할 필요가 있다는 원칙에 따라 작동한다. 


1992-34

 

① If you want to use the inclined plane to help you move an object (and who wouldn't? ② ), then you have to move the object over a longer distance to get to the desired height than if you had started from directly below and moved upward. ③ This is probably already clear to you from a lifetime of stair climbing. ④ Consider all the stairs you climb compared to the actual height you reach from where you started. ⑤ This height is always less than the distance you climbed in stairs. ⑥ In other words, more distance in stairs is traded for less force to reach the intended height. ⑦ Now, if we were to pass on the stairs altogether and simply climb straight up to your destination (from directly below it), it would be a shorter climb for sure, but the needed force to do so would be greater. ⑧ Therefore, we have stairs in our homes rather than ladders.



① 여러분이 물체를 이동시키는 데 도움이 되도록 경사면을 이용하기를 원한다면(그리고 누가 안 그러겠는가? ② ), 여러분은 그 물체를 원하는 높이에 도달하게 하기 위해서는 바로 아래에서 시작해서 위로 이동시키는 것보다 더 긴 거리로 이동 시켜야 한다. ③ 이것은 아마도 평생 계단을 오르는 것으로부터 이미 여러분에게 명백할 것이다. ④ 여러분이 출발한 곳으로부터 도달하는 실제 높이와 비교하여 여러분이 오르는 모든 계단을 고려해 봐라. ⑤ 이 높이는 항상 계단으로 오르는 거리보다 짧다. ⑥ 다시 말해, 의도한 높이에 도달하기 위해서 계단을 이용했을 때의 더 먼 거리는 더 작은 힘과 교환된다. ⑦ 이제 우리가 계단을 완전히 지나쳐 단순히 여러분의 목적지까지 곧바로 올라가려고 한다면(바로 그것 아래로부터), 확실히 더 짧은 거리를 오르는 것이지만, 그렇게 하는 데 필요한 힘은 더 커질 것이다. ⑧ 그러므로 우리는 집에 사다리가 아닌 계단을 가지고 있는 것이다. 


1992-35

 

① The first commercial train service began operating between Liverpool and Manchester in 1830. ② Ten years later, the first train timetable was issued. ③ The trains were much faster than the old carriages, so the peculiar differences in local hours became a severe nuisance. ④ In 1847, British train companies put their heads together and agreed that henceforth all train timetables would be adjusted to Greenwich Observatory time, rather than the local times of Liverpool, Manchester, or Glasgow. ⑤ More and more institutions followed the lead of the train companies. ⑥ Finally, in 1880, the British government took the unprecedented step of legislating that all timetables in Britain must follow Greenwich. ⑦ For the first time in history, a country adopted a national time and obliged its population to live according to an artificial clock rather than local ones or sunrise-to-sunset cycles.



① 최초의 상업용 철도 서비스는 1830년 Liverpool과 Manchester 간 운행을 시작했다. ② 10년 후, 최초의 열차 운행 시간표가 발표되었다. ③ 기차가 낡은 마차보다 훨씬 더 빨라서, 지역 시간의 고유한 차이는 심각한 골칫거리가 되었다. ④ 1847년에 영국 철도 회사들은 머리를 맞대어 논의했고, 그 이후 모든 열차 운행 시간표를 Liverpool, Manchester 또는 Glasgow의 지역 시간 대신, Greenwich 천문대 시간에 맞춰 조정할 것에 동의했다. ⑤ 점점 더 많은 기관들이 열차 회사들의 선례를 따랐다. ⑥ 마침내, 1880년에 영국 정부는 영국의 모든 시간표가 Greenwich 시간을 따라야 한다는 것을 입법화하는 전례 없는 조치를 취했다. ⑦ 역사상 최초로, 한 국가가 국가 지정 시간을 채택하고 국민들이 지역 시간이나 일출 일몰 주기 대신에 인위적인 시간에 따라서 생활하도록 의무화했다. 


1992-36

 

① You know that forks don't fly off to the Moon and that neither apples nor anything else on Earth cause the Sun to crash down on us. ② The reason these things don't happen is that the strength of gravity's pull depends on two things. ③ The first is the mass of the object. ④ The apple is very small, and doesn't have much mass, so its pull on the Sun is absolutely tiny, certainly much smaller than the pull of all the planets. ⑤ The Earth has more mass than tables, trees, or apples, so almost everything in the world is pulled towards the Earth. ⑥ That's why apples fall from trees. ⑦ Now, you might know that the Sun is much bigger than Earth and has much more mass. ⑧ So why don't apples fly off towards the Sun? ⑨ The reason is that the pull of gravity also depends on the distance to the object doing the pulling. ⑩ Although the Sun has much more mass than the Earth, we are much closer to the Earth, so we feel its gravity more.



① 여러분은 포크가 달로 날아가지 않으며 사과나 지구상의 그 어떤 것도 태양이 우리에게 추락하도록 하지 않는다는 것을 알고 있다. ② 이런 일들이 일어나지 않는 이유는 중력의 당기는 힘의 강도가 두 가지에 따라 달라지기 때문이다. ③ 첫째는 물체의 질량이다. ④ 사과는 매우 작고 큰 질량을 가지고 있지 않아서 이것이 태양에 작용하는 인력은 분명히 작은데, 확실히 모든 행성의 인력보다 훨씬 작다. ⑤ 지구는 탁자, 나무, 또는 사과보다 더 큰 질량을 가지고 있어서 지구상의 거의 모든 것이 지구를 향해 당겨진다. ⑥ 그것이 나무에서 사과가 떨어지는 이유다. ⑦ 이제 여러분은 태양이 지구보다 훨씬 크고 훨씬 더 많은 질량을 가지고 있다는 것을 알고 있을 것이다. ⑧ 그렇다면 왜 사과는 태양을 향해 날아가지 않을까? ⑨ 이유는 중력의 당기는 힘이 잡아당기는 물체와의 거리에 따라 또한 달라지기 때문이다. ⑩ 태양이 지구보다 훨씬 더 많은 질량을 가지고 있지만 우리가 지구에 훨씬 가까워서 지구의 중력을 더 많이 느낀다. 


1992-37

 

① Testing strategies relating to direct assessment of content knowledge still have their value in an inquiry-driven classroom. ② Let's pretend for a moment that we wanted to ignore content and only assess a student's skill with investigations. ③ The problem is that the skills and the content are interconnected. ④ When a student fails at pattern analysis, it could be because they do not understand how to do the pattern analysis properly. ⑤ However, it also could be that they did not understand the content that they were trying to build patterns with. ⑥ Sometimes students will understand the processes of inquiry well, and be capable of skillfully applying social studies disciplinary strategies, yet fail to do so because they misinterpret the content. ⑦ For these reasons, we need a measure of a student's content understanding. ⑧ To do this right, we need to make sure our assessment is getting us accurate measures of whether our students understand the content they use in an inquiry.



① 내용 지식에 대한 직접 평가와 관련된 테스트 전략은 여전히 탐구 주도형 교실에서 그 가치를 지닌다. ② 우리가 내용을 무시하고 관찰을 통해 학생의 기술만을 평가하기를 원한다고 잠시 가정해 보자. ③ 문제는 기술과 내용이 서로 연결되어 있다는 것이다. ④ 학생이 패턴분석에 실패하면 그것은 학생이 패턴분석을 올바르게 수행하는 방법을 이해하지 못하기 때문일 수 있다. ⑤ 그러나 또한 패턴을 만들려고 하는 내용을 이해하지 못한 것일 수도 있다. ⑥ 때때로 학생들은 탐구 과정을 잘 이해하고 사회 교과의 전략을 능숙하게 적용할 수 있지만 내용을 잘못 해석하기 때문에 그렇게 하지 못할 것이다. ⑦ 이러한 이유로 우리는 학생의 내용 이해에 대한 측정이 필요하다. ⑧ 이것을 올바르게 하기 위해서 우리의 평가가 학생들이 탐구에서 사용하는 내용을 이해했는지 여부에 대한 정확한 측정을 하게 하는지 확실하게 할 필요가 있다. 


1992-38

 

① Open international online access is understood using the metaphor "flat earth." ② It represents a world where information moves across the globe as easily as a hockey puck seems to slide across an ice rink's flat surface. ③ This framework, however, can be misleading ― especially if we extend the metaphor. ④ As anyone who has crossed an ice rink can confirm, just because the surface of the rink appears flat and open does not necessarily mean that surface is smooth or even. ⑤ Rather, such surfaces tend to be covered by a wide array of dips and cracks and bumps that create a certain degree of pull or drag or friction on any object moving across it. ⑥ In much the same way, an array of technological, political, economic, cultural, and linguistic factors can exist and create a similar kind of pull or drag or friction. ⑦ They affect how smoothly or directly information can move from point to point in global cyberspace. ⑧ Thus, while the earth might appear to be increasingly flat from the perspective of international online communication, it is far from frictionless.



① 국제적인 온라인 오픈 액세스는 '평평한 지구'라는 은유를 사용하여 이해된다. ② 그것은 하키 퍽이 아이스 링크의 평평한 표면을 미끄러져 가는 것만큼 쉽게 정보가 전 세계로 이동하는 세상을 나타낸다. ③ 그러나 이러한 사고방식은 오해하게 만드는 것일 수 있다, 특히 우리가 그 은유를 확장해보면. ④ 아이스 링크를 건너 본 사람은 누구든 확인할 수 있듯이, 단지 링크 표면이 평평하고 탁 트인 듯 보인다는 것이 그 표면이 반드시 매끄럽고 고르다는 것을 의미하지는 않는다. ⑤ 오히려, 그러한 표면은 링크를 가로질러 이동하는 물체에 가해지는 어느 정도의 인력, 저항력 또는 마찰력을 만들어 내는 수많은 움푹 들어간 부분과 갈라지고 솟아오른 부분들로 덮여 있는 경향이 있다. ⑥ 이와 매우 유사한 방식으로, 수많은 기술적, 정치적, 경제적, 문화적 그리고 언어적 요소들이 존재할 수 있고, 유사한 종류의 인력, 저항력 또는 마찰력을 만들어 낼 수 있다. ⑦ 그 요소들은 정보가 전 세계 사이버 공간에서 지점 간에 얼마나 원활하게, 또는 곧바로 이동할 수 있는가에 영향을 미친다. ⑧ 그러므로 국제적인 온라인 의사소통이라는 관점에서 지구가 점차 평평하게 보일지는 모르지만 결코 마찰이 없지 않다. 


1992-39

 

① In physics, the principle of relativity requires that all equations describing the laws of physics have the same form regardless of inertial frames of reference. ② The formulas should appear identical to any two observers and to the same observer in a different time and space. ③ Attitudes and values, however, are subjective to begin with, and therefore they are easily altered to fit our ever-changing circumstances and goals. ④ Thus, the same task can be viewed as boring one moment and engaging the next. ⑤ Divorce, unemployment, and cancer can seem devastating to one person but be perceived as an opportunity for growth by another person, depending on whether or not the person is married, employed, and healthy. ⑥ It is not only beliefs, attitudes, and values that are subjective. ⑦ Our brains comfortably change our perceptions of the physical world to suit our needs. ⑧ We will never see the same event and stimuli in exactly the same way at different times.



① 물리학에서, 상대성 이론은 물리 법칙들을 설명하는 모든 방정식이 관성좌표계에 관계없이 동일한 형태를 가져야 한다고 요구한다. ② 그 공식들은 두 관찰자와 다른 시공간에 있는 같은 관찰자에게 동일하게 보여야 한다. ③ 그러나 태도나 가치관은 원래 주관적이어서 끊임없이 변화하는 우리의 상황과 목표에 맞게 쉽게 바뀐다. ④ 그러므로 동일한 일이 한 순간에는 지루하게 여겨질 수 있고 다음 순간에는 매력적으로 보일 수 있다. ⑤ 이혼, 실직, 그리고 암이 한 사람에게는 엄청나게 충격적으로 보일 수 있지만 그 사람이 결혼했는지, 취직을 했는지, 그리고 건강한지에 따라 또 다른 사람에게는 성장의 기회로 인식될 수 있다. ⑥ 주관적인 것은 신념, 태도, 가치관만이 아니다. ⑦ 우리의 뇌는 우리의 필요에 맞게 물리적 세계에 대한 우리의 인식을 수월하게 바꾼다. ⑧ 우리는 동일한 사건과 자극을 다른 시간에 정확히 똑같은 방식으로는 절대 볼 수 없을 것이다. 


1992-40

 

① When we see an adorable creature, we must fight an overwhelming urge to squeeze that cuteness. ② And pinch it, and cuddle it, and maybe even bite it. ③ This is a perfectly normal psychological tick ― an oxymoron called "cute aggression" ― and even though it sounds cruel, it's not about causing harm at all. ④ In fact, strangely enough, this compulsion may actually make us more caring. ⑤ The first study to look at cute aggression in the human brain has now revealed that this is a complex neurological response, involving several parts of the brain. ⑥ The researchers propose that cute aggression may stop us from becoming so emotionally overloaded that we are unable to look after things that are super cute. ⑦ "Cute aggression may serve as a tempering mechanism that allows us to function and actually take care of something we might first perceive as overwhelmingly cute," explains the lead author, Stavropoulos.



① 우리가 귀여운 생명체를 볼 때, 우리는 그 귀여운 것을 꽉 쥐고자 하는 압도적인 충동과 싸워야 한다. ② 그리고 꼬집고, 꼭 껴안고, 심지어 깨물고 싶을 수도 있다. ③ 이것은 완전히 정상적인 심리학적 행동, 즉 '귀여운 공격성'이라 불리는 모순 어법이며, 비록 이것이 잔인하게 들리기는 하지만, 이것은 해를 끼치는 것에 관한 것은 결코 아니다. ④ 사실, 충분히 이상하게도, 이러한 충동은 실제로는 우리로 하여금 (남을) 더 잘 보살피게 한다. ⑤ 인간 뇌에서 귀여운 공격성을 살펴본 최초의 연구가 이것이 뇌의 여러 부분과 관련된 복잡한 신경학적인 반응이라는 것을 이제 드러냈다. ⑥ 연구자들은 귀여운 공격성이 우리가 너무 감정적으로 과부하 되어서 정말 귀여운 것들을 돌볼 수 없게 만드는 것을 막을지도 모른다고 제시한다. ⑦ "귀여운 공격성은 우리가 제대로 기능하도록 해 주고, 우리가 처음에 압도적으로 귀엽다고 인지하는 것을 실제로 돌볼 수 있도록 해 주는 조절 기제로 기능할지도 모른다"라고 주 저자인 Stavropoulos는 설명한다. 


1992-4142

 

① It is not uncommon to hear talk about how lucky we are to live in this age of scientific and medical advancement where antibiotics and vaccinations keep us living longer, while our poor ancient ancestors were lucky to live past the age of 35. ② Well, this is not quite true. ③ At best, it oversimplifies a complex issue, and at worst, it is an obvious misrepresentation of statistics. ④ Did ancient humans really just drop dead as they were entering their prime, or did some live long enough to see a wrinkle on their face? ⑤ It would appear that as time went on, conditions improved and so did the length of people's lives. ⑥ But it is not so simple. ⑦ What is commonly known as "average life expectancy" is technically "life expectancy at birth." ⑧ But life expectancy at birth is an unhelpful statistic if the goal is to compare the health and longevity of adults. ⑨ That is because a major determinant of life expectancy at birth is the child mortality rate which, in our ancient past, was extremely high, and this skews the life expectancy rate dramatically downward. ⑩ If we look again at the estimated maximum life expectancy for prehistoric humans, which is 35 years, we can see that this does not mean that the average person living at this time died at the age of 35. ⑪ Rather, it means that for every child that died in infancy, another person might have lived to be 70. ⑫ The life expectancy statistic is, therefore, a deeply flawed way to think about the quality of life of our ancient ancestors.



① 우리의 불쌍한 조상들이 35세를 넘겨 살면 운이 좋았던 반면에, 항생제와 예방 접종이 우리를 더 오래 살게 하는 과학과 의학이 발달된 시대에 살아서 얼마나 운이 좋은지에 관한 이야기를 듣는 것은 드물지 않다. ② 이것은 그다지 사실이 아니다. ③ 아무리 잘 봐 주어도, 이것은 복잡한 문제를 지나치게 단순화시키는 것이고, 최악의 경우에는 통계에 대한 명백히 잘못된 설명이다. ④ 고대 인간이 그들이 한창 때에 접어들면서 정말로 급사한 것일까, 아니면 어떤 사람들은 얼굴에 주름이 있는 것을 볼 수 있을 정도로 충분히 오래 살았을까? ⑤ 시간이 흐를수록 여건이 개선되고 사람들의 수명도 길어진 것으로 보일 것이다. ⑥ 그러나 이것은 그렇게 간단하지 않다. ⑦ 흔히 '평균 기대 수명'이라고 알려진 것은 엄밀히 말하면 '출생 당시의 기대 수명'이다. ⑧ 그러나 그 목적이 성인의 건강과 장수를 비교하는 것이라면 출생 당시의 기대 수명은 도움이 되지 않는 통계이다. ⑨ 그것은 출생 당시 기대 수명의 주요 결정 요인이 고대에 상당히 높았던 아동 사망률이고, 이것이 기대 수명을 극적으로 하향하도록 왜곡하기 때문이다. ⑩ 만약 우리가 35세라는 선사시대 사람들의 추정된 최대 기대 수명을 다시 살펴보면, 우리는 이 당시에 사는 보통 사람이 35세에 죽었다는 것을 의미하지 않음을 알 수 있다. ⑪ 오히려, 그것은 유아기에 죽은 아이 한 명 당 또 다른 한 명이 70세까지 살았을지도 모른다는 것을 의미한다. ⑫ 그러므로 기대 수명 통계는 우리 고대 조상들의 삶의 질에 대해 생각하는 매우 결함이 있는 방법이다. 


1992-4345

 

① It was an unbearably hot Chicago day when the emergency call came over the radio for Jacob's firefighting crew to handle a fire in a downtown apartment building. ② When they arrived, the roaring fire was spreading through the whole building. ③ Jacob thought it was already looking pretty hopeless. ④ But suddenly, a woman came running up to him yelling at the top of her lungs, "My baby, my Kris is on the fifth floor!" ⑤ Her desperate and urgent voice made Jacob decide to enter the building instantly. ⑥ He made his way up to the fifth floor with another firefighter. ⑦ By the time they made it up to the fifth floor, the fire had grown so fierce, neither could see more than a few feet in front of them. ⑧ Jacob's partner looked at him and gave him the thumbs-down. ⑨ As a fireman, he knew his partner was right, but he just kept seeing that mother's face in his head. ⑩ Impulsively, Jacob ran down the hall without his partner, disappearing into the flames. ⑪ As flames shot out of the apartment like fireballs he could see a little boy lying on the floor in just about the only spot that wasn't on fire. ⑫ He didn't even have time to figure out if he was alive or dead. ⑬ He just grabbed him and rushed out. ⑭ Jacob and the boy cleared the fifth floor landing just as the fireman could hear the sound of the floor above collapsing. ⑮ The tense crowd below broke into cheers as they saw Jacob emerge from the building with the boy. ⑯ Holding Kris against his chest, Jacob could feel the boy's heart pounding, and when he coughed from the smoke, Jacob knew Kris would survive. ⑰ Paramedics tended to the boy while Jacob himself fell to the ground. ⑱ Two weeks after the rescue, two people visited Jacob at the station ― Kris and his mother. ⑲ They came to thank him and told him they were forever in his debt.



① 무전을 통해 Jacob의 소방관들에게 시내 아파트의 화재를 진압하라는 긴급 호출이 온 것은 견딜 수 없을 정도로 더운 시카고의 어느 날이었다. ② 그들이 도착했을 때, 맹렬히 타오르는 불은 건물 전체로 퍼지고 있었다. ③ Jacob은 이미 매우 절망적인 것처럼 보인다고 생각했다. ④ 그러나 갑자기 한 여자가 "우리 아기, Kris가 5층에 있어요! ⑤ "라고 목청껏 소리를 지르며 그에게 달려왔다. ⑥ 그녀의 절박하고 다급한 목소리는 Jacob이 즉시 건물로 진입하는 것을 결심하게 만들었다. ⑦ 그는 또 다른 소방관과 함께 5층을 향해 올라갔다. ⑧ 그들이 5층에 다다랐을 때, 불은 너무나도 사나워졌고, 그들 앞 몇 피트만 넘어도 볼 수 없었다. ⑨ Jacob의 동료는 그를 바라보며 안 된다고 했다. ⑩ 소방관으로서 그는 그의 동료가 옳다는 것을 알았지만, 그의 머릿속에는 계속해서 그 엄마의 얼굴이 떠올랐다. ⑪ 충동적으로, Jacob은 그의 동료 없이 복도를 달려가 화염 속으로 사라졌다. ⑫ 화염이 불덩어리처럼 아파트로부터 내뿜어졌을 때 그는 불이 붙지 않은 거의 유일한 곳에서 바닥에 누워 있는 어린 소년을 볼 수 있었다. ⑬ 그는 심지어 그가 살았는지 죽었는지 확인할 시간조차 없었다. ⑭ 그는 바로 그를 껴안고 밖으로 뛰어나왔다. ⑮ 그 소방관(Jacob)이 위층 바닥이 무너져 내리는 소리를 막 들었을 때 Jacob과 그 소년은 5층 층계참을 지나갔다. ⑯ 아래쪽에 있던 긴장한 군중들은 Jacob이 그 소년과 함께 건물에서 나오는 것을 보고 환호성을 터뜨렸다. ⑰ Kris를 그의 가슴에 안고 있는 동안 Jacob은 그 소년의 심장이 뛰고 있는 것을 느낄 수 있었고, 그가 연기 때문에 기침했을 때, Jacob은 Kris가 살 것을 알았다. ⑱ 응급 구조대원들이 그 소년을 돌보았고 Jacob은 바닥에 쓰러졌다. ⑲ 구조 2주 후, Kris와 그의 엄마 두 사람은 소방서에 있는 Jacob을 방문했다. ⑳ 그들은 그에게 감사하러 왔고 그에게 평생 빚을 졌다고 말했다. 

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2073 21년07월18일 | Since 2005 임희재 | 블루티쳐학원 영어 | 010-3338-3436 | 10,000시간의 연구

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1 19.0 This raises the interesting question as to how many of the diminishing band of contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures are in fact the descendents of farmers who have only secondarily readopted hunter-gathering as a more useful lifestyle, perhaps after suffering from crop failures, dietary deficiencies, or climatic changes. [2073-31]


 


 


 


2 16.7 Some theorists view it as a body of knowledge that developed to provide accurate information to people that helps them adjust to the many demands of life, whether that means obtaining food and shelter, defending against rival outgroups, and so on. [2073-4142]


 


 


 


3 16.7 Research on primate behavior indicates that even our closest cousins, the chimpanzees, lack this ability (although they possess some self-reflective abilities, like being able to identify themselves in a mirror instead of thinking the reflection is another chimp). [2073-29]


 


 


 


4 15.5 In the longer term, by bringing together enough data and enough computing power, the data-giants could hack the deepest secrets of life, and then use this knowledge not just to make choices for us or manipulate us, but also to re-engineer organic life and to create inorganic life forms. [2073-34]


 


 


 


5 14.7 But while parents can be counted on to assess how the well-being of their household is affected by additional offspring, they overlook other impacts of population growth, such as diminished per capita food supplies for other people. [2073-30]


 


 


 


6 14.4 Both the acquisition and subsequent rejection of agriculture are becoming increasingly recognized as adaptive strategies to local conditions that may have occurred repeatedly over the past ten millennia. [2073-31]


 


 


 


7 14.399999999999999 From the existential perspective, the adaptive utility of accurate worldviews is tempered by the adaptive value of anxiety-buffering illusions. [2073-4142]


 


 


8 14.2 In other words, the reduction in capacity of territorial borders to separate and defend against others often elicits adverse reactions in numerous populations. [2073-24]


 


 


9 13.9 The borderless-world thesis has been vigorously criticized by many geographers on the grounds that it presents a simplistic and idealized vision of globalization. [2073-24]


 


 


10 13.4 Much of this loss has been driven by habitat destruction from logging and the rapid spread of vast plantations of oil palm, the fruit of which is sold to make oil used in cooking and in many food products. [2073-37]


 


 


 


11 12.9 Hunter-gatherer cultures across the world, from midwestern Amerindians to !Kung in the African Kalahari, have adopted and subsequently discarded agriculture, possibly on several occasions over their history, in response to factors such as game abundance, climatic change, and so on. [2073-31]


 


 


 


12 12.6 At a time when concerns about overpopulation and famine were reaching their highest peak, Garrett Hardin did not blame these problems on human ignorance ― a failure to take note of dwindling per capita food supplies, for example. [2073-30]


 


 


 


13 12.4 So far, the consumption-dominated rhetoric of globalization has done little to uncouple the feeling of difference that borders create from the formation of people's territorial identities. [2073-24]


 


 


14 11.3 So if adaptation to physical and social environments were all that cultures were designed to facilitate, perhaps cultures would always strive toward an accurate understanding of the world. [2073-4142]


 


 


 


15 11.3 Selling advertisements may be necessary to sustain the giants in the short term, but they often evaluate apps, products and companies according to the data they harvest rather than according to the money they generate. [2073-34]


 


 


 


16 11.2 From 1905, he began a long collaboration with fellow Hungarian Zoltán Kodály in trying to popularize Hungarian folk songs and gained a practical knowledge of string writing from both folk and classical musicians. [2073-26]


 


 


 


17 11.0 To understand excessive reproduction as a tragedy of the commons, bear in mind that a typical household stands to gain from bringing another child into the world ― in terms of the net contributions he or she makes to household earnings, for example. [2073-30]


 


 


 


18 11.0 Overall, electric car sales are expected to be on the rise for the next 20 years until 2040 while IC car sales are anticipated to reach their peak in 2025 and decrease afterwards. [2073-25]


 


 


 


19 11.0 One of the positive features of interpersonal arguments is that they are comprised of exchanges between two people who feel powerful enough to set forth reasons for their beliefs. [2073-35]


 


 


 


20 10.8 Typically, people report roaming dogs for pickup by animal control authorities, who take the dog to the local shelter. [2073-23]


 


 


21 10.8 The ability is a double-edged sword, because while it allows us to evaluate why we are thinking what we are thinking, it also puts us in touch with difficult existential questions that can easily become obsessions. [2073-29]


 


 


 


22 10.8 But new weapons like the atlatl (a spearthrower) and the bow effectively stored muscle-generated energy, which meant that hunters could kill big game without big biceps and robust skeletons. [2073-39]


 


 


 


23 10.3 We have this ability because the most recently developed part of the human brain ― the prefrontal cortex ― enables self-reflective, abstract thought. [2073-29]


 


 


24 10.3 Therefore, the process of what may be termed the 'agriculturalization' of human societies was not necessarily irreversible, at least on a local level. [2073-31]


 


 


25 10.3 Released pets not captured and sheltered suffer from weather, wild predators, and a lack of adequate food. [2073-23]


 


 


26 10.3 I mentally recalled some of my own journeys with wiggly ones on my lap, especially the day my own toddler cried the entire trip from Chicago to Florida, which was something of a nightmare. [2073-4345]


 


 


 


27 10.1 Some people believe the animal has a better chance to survive roaming free than at a shelter, a false belief formed to salve the pet abandoner's conscience. [2073-23]


 


 


 


28 10.1 Our ability to stand high on a ladder above our normal thinking processes and evaluate why we are thinking as we are thinking is an evolutionary marvel. [2073-29]


 


 


 


29 9.8 Until 2035, IC cars are projected to still sell more than electric cars, but the story changes in 2040 when electric car sales are predicted to outnumber those of IC cars. [2073-25]


 


 


 


30 9.8 A question can be raised about the basic notion that sensitivity to problems is critical in setting the creative process in motion. [2073-22]


 


 


31 9.7 Try to specify the necessary and sufficient condition for something qualifying as art and you'll always find an exception to your criteria. [2073-32]


 


 


32 9.7 Our outline of the school is at a primitive stage currently, and its execution and extension are hugely dependent on your donations. [2073-18]


 


 


33 9.6 Otherwise, politicians promise higher spending during an election, and the post-election excess of spending over revenue is resolved by inflation. [2073-33]


 


 


34 9.6 Difference between people and places may be socially constructed through the erection of boundaries, but this does not mean that it is not deeply internalized by the members of a society. [2073-24]


 


 


 


35 9.5 It is no doubt true that many people are motivated to carry out creative activities because of problems they sense in their personal or professional environments. [2073-22]


 


 


36 9.3 When heated, these long molecules disintegrate into smaller units, some of which are so small that they evaporate (which accounts for the lovely smell). [2073-36]


 


 


37 9.3 Truth tellers also talk about themselves more than liars, because people telling the truth are more focused on their own memories than liars are (who are also thinking about how their story is being perceived by others). [2073-38]


 


 


 


38 9.3 A society that succeeds in generating many obligations can be more generous and harmonious than one relying only on rights. [2073-33]


 


 


39 9.1 In most cases, the free rat proceeded to help her trapped companion, and after several attempts usually succeeded in opening the cage and liberating the prisoner. [2073-40]


 


 


40 9.1 If philosophy were to admit defeat in its search for some immutable essence of art, it is hardly through lack of trying. [2073-32]


 


 


41 9.0 Even if you don't know how to cash in on the data today, it is worth having it because it might hold the key to controlling and shaping life in the future. [2073-34]


 


 


 


42 8.9 Many rats preferred to first free their companion and share the chocolate (though a few behaved more selfishly, proving perhaps that some rats are meaner than others). [2073-40]


 


 


 


43 8.8 We exchanged a few pleasantries after which I suggested that she let me hold her sleeping darling while she attended to the wiggly one. [2073-4345]


 


 


44 8.8 Because overwhelming fear can get in the way of many types of adaptive action, it sometimes is adaptive for cultures to provide "rose-colored glasses" with which to understand reality and our place in it. [2073-4142]


 


 


 


45 8.6 Sugars are carbohydrates, which is to say that they are made of carbon ("carbo-"), hydrogen ("hydr-"), and oxygen ("-ate") atoms. [2073-36]


 


 


46 8.6 It appears that the more territorial borders fall apart, the more various groups around the world cling to place, nation, and religion as markers of their identity. [2073-24]


 


 


 


47 8.5 Geographic expansion (which placed us in new environments) and cultural innovation both changed the selective pressures humans experienced. [2073-39]


 


 


48 8.5 Further roasting will turn some of the sugar into pure carbon (double bonds all round), which creates a burnt flavor and a dark-brown color. [2073-36]


 


 


49 8.3 Instead, his explanation focused on the discrepancy between the interests of individual households and those of society as a whole. [2073-30]


 


 


50 8.2 Western electorates have mostly learned that discussion of public spending must balance its benefits against how it would be financed. [2073-33]


 


 


51 8.2 However, there is historical evidence that the creative process can be set in motion without necessity, even in the domain of invention. [2073-22]


 


 


52 8.1 Cats and exotic or unusual animals, unless confined to a small area, are not usually discovered or reported. [2073-23]


 


 


53 7.9 Lack of argument, in fact, may show that one of the parties feels so powerless that he or she avoids engaging directly with the other. [2073-35]


 


 


54 7.8 Just as new obligations are similar to extra revenue, so the creation of rights is similar to extra spending. [2073-33]


 


 


55 7.7 In 2035, the sales gap between IC and electric cars is expected to be smaller compared to that of 2030, with electric cars selling over 40 million units. [2073-25]


 


 


 


56 7.5 I don't know for certain that the data-giants explicitly think about it in such terms, but their actions indicate that they value the accumulation of data more than mere dollars and cents. [2073-34]


 


 


 


57 7.5 Bartók had a successful career as a pianist, performing throughout Europe and in the United States with musicians such as the jazz clarinetist Benny Goodman. [2073-26]


 


 


58 7.4 The above graph shows the global sales expectations of internal combustion (IC) cars and electric cars from 2020 through 2040. [2073-25]


 


 


59 7.4 As a nonprofit organization, the school will be run only on your contributions and resources as gifts to the children we hope to help. [2073-18]


 


 


60 7.4 A popular app may lack a business model and may even lose money in the short term, but as long as it sucks data, it could be worth billions. [2073-34]


 


 


 


61 7.3 In other words, the costs of reproduction are largely shared, rather than being shouldered entirely by individual households. [2073-30]


 


 


62 7.2 In recent years I've come to see that, amazingly, the key to almost all of our problems is faulty storytelling, because it's storytelling that drives the way we gather and spend our energy. [2073-21]


 


 


 


63 7.1 It's appropriate and praiseworthy to associate with people whose lives would be improved if they saw your life improve. [2073-20]


 


 


64 7.1 If two people are arguing, it is because they are balanced enough in power (or in their desire to reestablish a power balance) to proceed. [2073-35]


 


 


65 7.1 However, adaptation to the metaphysical environment suggests that people do not live by truth and accuracy alone. [2073-4142]


 


 


66 7.0 Sometimes it is more adaptive for cultural worldviews to distort the truth about life and our role in it. [2073-4142]


 


 


67 7.0 I offered to help the children into their stroller on the jet way, but the mother assured she could manage quite well on her own. [2073-4345]


 


 


68 6.9 They locked a rat in a tiny cage, placed the cage within a much larger cell and allowed another rat to roam freely through that cell. [2073-40]


 


 


69 6.9 The rights may well be appropriate, but this can only be determined by a public discussion of the corresponding obligations. [2073-33]


 


 


70 6.8 There are several broad differences in the way that liars and truth tellers discuss events. [2073-38]


 


71 6.7 The higher figures come thanks to improved survey methods and the discovery of previously unknown populations, not because the actual numbers have increased. [2073-37]


 


 


72 6.7 The caged rat gave out distress signals, which caused the free rat also to exhibit signs of anxiety and stress. [2073-40]


 


 


73 6.6 If she had had to hold the baby on her lap and entertain the wiggly one it would have been much more difficult. [2073-4345]


 


 


74 6.6 I let the metro move which moves quickly and is almost out of sight when I realise that one of my expensive shoes is missing! [2073-19]


 


 


75 6.6 Culture also tells us how groups of people work together to achieve mutually beneficial goals, and how to live our lives so that others will like and accept us ― and maybe even fall in love with us. [2073-4142]


 


 


 


76 6.5 On the whole, it is the carbon-rich molecules that are larger, so these get left behind, and within these there is a structure called a carbon-carbon double bond. [2073-36]


 


 


 


77 6.2 A short metro carriage runs through this place carrying executives. [2073-19]


 


78 6.1 The payoff of many traits changed, and so did optimal life strategy. [2073-39]


 


79 6.1 Argument is "reason giving", trying to convince others of your side of the issue. [2073-35]


 


80 6.0 Sometimes it seems that contemporary art isn't doing its job unless it provokes the question, 'But is it art?' [2073-32]


 


 


81 6.0 Rather than face the stress of turning the pet in to a shelter, owners drive pets far from their home range and abandon them. [2073-23]


 


 


82 6.0 At that time, there was no need for such a machine; only gradually, after the Wright brothers were successful in inventing the airplane, did the broader implications of that invention become apparent. [2073-22]


 


 


 


83 5.9 Interpersonal argumentation, then, has a place in our everyday conflicts and negotiations. [2073-35]


 


84 5.8 The arguer tries to get others to "recognize the rightness" of his or her beliefs or actions. [2073-35]


 


 


85 5.8 Rights imply obligations, but obligations need not imply rights. [2073-33]


 


86 5.8 In these cases, the survivor pets become an invasive species and the environment suffers. [2073-23]


 


87 5.8 He later studied at the Royal Hungarian Academy of Music, following the lead of another eminent Hungarian composer, Ernö Dohnányi. [2073-26]


 


 


88 5.5 We respond to a child drowning in a pond because of her plight, not her rights. [2073-33]


 


89 5.5 One difference is that liars say less overall than truth tellers. [2073-38]


 


90 5.4 Such attacks were highly dangerous and physically demanding, so in those days, hunters had to be heavily muscled and have thick bones. [2073-39]


 


 


91 5.4 Some things about life are too emotionally devastating to face head on, such as the inevitability of death. [2073-4142]


 


 


92 5.3 At the end of the nineteenth century a number of research projects were underway whose purpose was the invention of a flying machine. [2073-22]


 


 


93 5.2 Participate in your story rather than observing it from afar. [2073-21]


 


94 5.2 Many thousands more orangutans are now known to exist than were recognized at the turn of the millennium. [2073-37]


 


 


95 5.2 In fact, the overall population of orangutans has fallen by at least 80 percent in the past 75 years. [2073-37]


 


 


96 5.2 Art seems to be a paradigmatic example of a Wittgensteinian 'family resemblance' concept. [2073-32]


 


97 5.1 We hope that you will be a part of our project and look forward to further support and encouragement. [2073-18]


 


 


98 5.0 That is because when you recall a real memory, you begin to reexperience some of the emotion from that event. [2073-38]


 


 


99 4.9 The reason why any sugar molecule ― whether in cocoa bean or pan or anywhere else ― turns brown when heated is to do with the presence of carbon. [2073-36]


 


 


 


100 4.8 Obligations are to rights what taxation is to public spending ― the bit that is demanding. [2073-33]


 


101 4.8 Metacognition simply means "thinking about thinking," and it is one of the main distinctions between the human brain and that of other species. [2073-29]


 


 


102 4.6 It is a great disappointment that such a young population of our community is wasted and cannot see the light of education. [2073-18]


 


 


103 4.6 I stop the metro and tell them that I need to check for my bag in their glass bag carriage. [2073-19]


 


 


104 4.6 "The most erroneous stories are those we think we know best ― and therefore never scrutinize or question," said paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould. [2073-21]


 


 


105 4.5 You are not morally obliged to support someone who is making the world a worse place. [2073-20]


 


106 4.5 In the 1980s and '90s, some conservationists predicted that orangutans would go extinct in the wild within 20 or 30 years. [2073-37]


 


 


107 4.5 In 2040, 65 million electric cars are anticipated to be sold globally, which is ten million more than IC car sales. [2073-25]


 


 


108 4.4 Once that happened, lightly built people, who were better runners and did not need as much food, became competitively superior. [2073-39]


 


 


109 4.4 As a result, that emotion feels obvious to you (and would be obvious to anyone watching you). [2073-38]


 


 


110 4.3 Sure enough, no one had chosen the aisle seat by the threesome. [2073-4345]


 


111 4.3 In the terminal stood a young father waiting for his family to return from baby's first visit to far away grandparents. [2073-4345]


 


 


112 4.2 Kindly look at our plan on our website dreamproject and donate at your convenience. [2073-18]


 


113 4.2 It's indicative of the difficulty of orangutan research that scientist Erik Meijaard is willing to say only that between 40,000 and 100,000 live on Borneo. [2073-37]


 


 


114 4.2 Interestingly, truth tellers talk less about their emotions than liars do. [2073-38]


 


115 4.2 In 2025, IC and electric car sales are each expected to grow by five million units compared to 2020. [2073-25]


 


 


116 4.1 The researchers then repeated the experiment, this time placing chocolate in the cell. [2073-40]


 


117 4.1 I am well dressed in a charcoal colour suit with a matching tie and black shoes. [2073-19]


 


118 4.0 With the rise of fascism, he refused to play in Germany after 1933. [2073-26]


 


119 4.0 We are planning to open a school for the underprivileged students of the locality at Norristown. [2073-18]


 


120 4.0 So the driving force behind the invention of the airplane seems not to have been necessity. [2073-22]


 


121 4.0 I must have left it in the cabin while looking for the bag and the metro has left. [2073-19]


 


 


122 3.9000000000000004 For example, in a recent study of the Mlabri, a modern hunter-gatherer group from northern Thailand, it was found that these people had previously been farmers, but had abandoned agriculture about 500 years ago. [2073-31]


 


 


 


123 3.8 The hotel lobby was elegant and well lit. [2073-19]


124 3.8 Born in Nagyszentmiklos, Hungary, Béla Bartók began composing music at the age of nine. [2073-26]


 


125 3.8 Arguably, we have very good reasons for thinking that this has been one of the biggest wild goose chases in the history of ideas. [2073-32]


 


 


126 3.7 The performance included a composition of his own. [2073-26]


127 3.7 Nor do the duties of rescue need to be matched by rights. [2073-33]


 


128 3.6 Releasing your pet, whether a cat, rabbit, or bearded dragon, is not the answer. [2073-23]


 


129 3.6 If you have a friend whose friendship you wouldn't recommend to your sister, or your father, or your son, why would you have such a friend for yourself? [2073-20]


 


 


 


130 3.6 How easy it was to entertain this contented baby! [2073-4345]


 


131 3.5 These children that we hope to help are often seen working in factories and cafes due to their family's financial difficulties. [2073-18]


 


 


132 3.5 The obligations of parents to our children go way beyond their legal rights. [2073-33]


 


133 3.5 Pet owners sometimes tire of their animals or become overwhelmed by caring for a large number of pets or a difficult pet. [2073-23]


 


 


134 3.5 It was then I noticed the young mother with her toddler and infant. [2073-4345]


 


135 3.5 I feel great thinking I am fitted out to charm any crowd. [2073-19]


 


136 3.3 Worse, as the various art forms ― poetry, drama, sculpture, painting, fiction, dance, etc. [2073-32]


 


137 3.3 The book I had planned to read remained in my bag under the seat. [2073-4345]


 


138 3.3 So, you'd better examine your story, especially this one that's supposedly the most familiar of all. [2073-21]


 


139 3.1 The free rat now had to choose between either liberating the prisoner, or enjoying the chocolate all by herself. [2073-40]


 


 


140 3.1 Conservationists on Sumatra estimate that only 14,000 survive there. [2073-37]


 


141 3.0 ― are so different, I'm not sure why we should expect to be able to come up with a single definition that can capture their variety. [2073-32]


 


 


142 3.0 I wanted to be early in line for my boarding section so I could get a choice seat near the front. [2073-4345]


 


 


143 3.0 He was easily identified from his wife's description. [2073-4345]


144 3.0 Culture is a uniquely human form of adaptation. [2073-4142]


145 2.9000000000000004 That kind of body had its disadvantages ― if nothing else, it required more food ― but on the whole, it was the best solution in that situation. [2073-39]


 


 


 


146 2.9000000000000004 I believe that stories ― not the ones people tell us but the ones we tell ourselves ― determine nothing less than our personal and professional destinies. [2073-21]


 


 


 


147 2.9 "Nobody is going to want to sit next to that wiggly boy," I thought to myself. [2073-4345]


 


148 2.7 Now she opened her big blue eyes and smiled at me, unafraid. [2073-4345]


 


149 2.7 If you are telling the truth, the details of what happened are obvious. [2073-38]


 


150 2.7 If you are lying, it is not easy to conjure up lots of details. [2073-38]


 


151 2.6 If you are lying, though, you don't really experience that emotion, so you describe it instead. [2073-38]


 


152 2.5999999999999996 Tell yourself the right story ― the rightness of which only you can really determine. [2073-21]


 


153 2.5 For example, when humans hunted big game 100,000 years ago, they relied on close-in attacks with thrusting spears. [2073-39]


 


 


154 2.4000000000000004 If you're finally living the story you want, then it needn't ― it shouldn't and won't ― be an ordinary one. [2073-21]


 


 


155 2.4 I find all sorts of bags except mine. [2073-19]


156 2.4 But I forget where I've left my briefcase and laptop. [2073-19]


 


157 2.3 As I passed him I smiled and lifted up a prayer for God's blessing on this lovely young family. [2073-4345]


 


 


158 2.2 At least neither of these children was crying or being difficult. [2073-4345]


 


159 2.1 The sleeping baby seemed to get heavier as time went on. [2073-4345]


 


160 2.1 At eleven Bartók played in public for the first time. [2073-26]


 


161 2.0999999999999996 In small amounts it gives the caramelizing sugar a yellow-brown color. [2073-36]


 


162 2.0 Make sure it's a story that compels you. [2073-21]


163 2.0 It's a good thing, not a selfish thing, to choose people who are good for you. [2073-20]


 


164 2.0 As one example, consider the invention of the airplane. [2073-22]


 


165 1.9 I doubt whether I have brought it with me to this country at all. [2073-19]


 


166 1.6 In 1940, he left Budapest for the United States and died there in 1945. [2073-26]


 


167 1.6 I'm not sure the question is worth asking. [2073-32]


168 1.6 And the most important story you will ever tell about yourself is the story you tell to yourself. [2073-21]


 


 


169 1.6 All of the sugar has become carbon, which is black. [2073-36]


 


170 1.5 You should choose people who want things to be better, not worse. [2073-20]


 


171 1.5 Then we could see the snow on Mt Hood, and I knew the flight would soon end. [2073-4345]


 


 


172 1.5 After all, you're not just the author of your story but also its main character, the hero. [2073-21]


 


 


173 1.3 Mr. nice guy that I am, I don't like to keep others waiting. [2073-19]


 


174 1.2999999999999998 People were gathering in the boarding area for the cross-country flight from Chicago to Portland. [2073-4345]


 


175 1.2999999999999998 It seems to me that the line between art and not-art is never going to be a sharp one. [2073-32]


 


 


176 1.0 The little boy was well-behaved, but constantly moving. [2073-4345]


177 0.9 We can think about ourselves as if we are not part of ourselves. [2073-29]


 


178 0.9 The baby sister had slept all the way across the country. [2073-4345]


 


179 0.8 This doesn't mean that all is well in the orangutans' world. [2073-37]


 


180 0.7 Then it was my turn to play little games with her. [2073-4345]


 


181 0.6000000000000001 A heavy build was yesterday's solution: expensive, but no longer necessary. [2073-39]


 


182 0.6 I might even be able to help the lady." [2073-4345]


 


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