2018 11 고3 수능 2019학년도 원문제
고등모의 [워크북]/고32019. 11. 14. 15:25
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고등모의 [워크북]/고32019. 10. 30. 18:46
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THE BLUET 1093 | Since 2005 임희재 블루티쳐 | 01033383436 | wayne.tistory.com | wayne36@daum.net | 191030 18:45:32
단어의 뜻
1093-18
1. academic ① 학업의 ② 학문적인
2. consistently ① 시종일관하여 ② 견실히
3. demonstrate ① 증명하다 ② 입증하다
4. leadership ① 리더십 ② 지도력
5. reference ① 참고 ② 기준
6. request ① 요청 ② 요구
7. scholarship ① 장학금 ② 학문
8. semester 학기
1093-19
1. attendant ① 승무원 ② 종업원
2. cash ① 현금 ② 돈
3. glancing ① 빗나간 ② 비스듬한
4. handed ① 손잡이가 있는 ② 손이 있는
5. piling ① 말뚝 ② 말뚝 박기
6. purse ① 지갑 ② 가방
7. rang ① 양보하다 ② 옆으로 피하다
8. register ① 등록하다 ② 기록하다
9. reminded ① 생각나게 하다 ② 생각나게 하다
10. suppose ① 생각하다 ② ~해야만 하다
11. toll ① 대가 ② 피해
1093-20
1. appointed ① 임명된 ② 정해진
2. claim ① 주장하다 ② 말하다
3. clients ① 고객 ② 클라이언트
4. countless ① 많은 ② 셀 수 없는
5. doubtful ① 의심스러운 ② 회의적인
6. efficiency ① 효율 ② 능률
7. evident ① 명백한 ② 분명한
8. impart ① 주다 ② 알리다
9. industrial ① 산업의 ② 공업의
10. knowledgeable ① 박식한 ② 정통해 있는
11. limited ① 한정된 ② 제한을 받은
12. manufacturing ① 제조 ② 생산
13. phrase ① 말 ② 구절
14. practical ① 실용적인 ② 실제적인
15. proficient ① 능숙한 ② 숙달한
16. refers ① 조회하다 ② 지시하다
17. revolution ① 혁명 ② 혁신
18. substantial ① 상당한 ② 실질적인
19. trade ① 무역 ② 거래
20. version ① 버전 ② 판
1093-21
1. accommodations ① 숙박 ② 수용
2. cabin 1.객실 2.오두막
3. judging ① 재판관 ② 심사원
4. liners 안창을 깔다
5. occupy ① 점령하다 ② 차지하다
6. passenger ① 승객 ② 여객
7. privilege ① 특권 ② 영광
8. remarked ① 감상을 말하다 ② 한마디하다
9. trustworthy 신뢰할 수 있는
1093-22
1. absorbs ① 흡수하다 ② 받아들이다
2. constant ① 일정한 ② 지속적인
3. cycle ① 주기 ② 사이클
4. depth ① 깊이 ② 심도
5. loop ① 루프 ② 고리
1093-23
1. annual ① 연간의 ② 연례의
2. colleagues 동료
3. comparing ① beyond compare 로 씀 ② …을 비교하다
4. envy ① 부러워하다 ② 질투하다
5. firm ① 기업 ② 회사
6. increase ① 증가하다 ② 늘리다
7. lessened ① 적어지다 ② ~을 적게 하다
8. measuring 계측용의
9. motivational ① 동기부여 ② 참여
10. perceived ① 감지하다 ② 알아차리다
11. resentment ① 분노 ② 적의
12. rival ① 경쟁하는 ② 라이벌
13. salesperson ① 판매원 ② 점원
14. strengths ① 힘 ② 정신력
15. threatened ① 위협당한 ② 협박당한
1093-24
1. attempts ① ~을 시도하다 ② 노리다
2. avail ① 소용되다 ② 쓸모있다
3. cautioned ① 경고를 주다 ② 경고하다
4. consume ① 소비하다 ② 먹어치우다
5. futile ① 헛된 ② 헛수고
6. nerve ① 신경 ② 용기
7. otherwise ① 그렇지 않으면 ② 다른
8. shadow ① 그림자 ② 그늘
9. slammed ① 쾅 닫다 ② ~을 내던지다
10. uneasy ① 불안한 ② 불편한
1093-25
1. circuits ① 순회하다 ② 한 바퀴 돌다
2. component ① 성분 ② 구성 요소
3. corrupt ① 부패한 ② 타락한
4. ecosystem 생태계
5. error ① 오차 ② 오류
6. estimated ① 추정된다 ② 약
7. impact ① 영향 ② 충격
8. indeed ① 정말로 ② 사실은
9. meteorite 운석
10. surviving ① 살아남아 있는 ② 잔존하고 있는
11. tow ① 토우 ② 견인차
12. vanish ① 사라지다 ② 자취를 감추다
13. wiring ① 배선 ② 배선의
1093-26
1. acceptance ① 수용 ② 받아들임
2. alienated 소외된
3. antisocial ① 반사회적인 ② 비사교적인
4. committed ① 헌신적인 ② 빠져 있는
5. conformity ① 일치 ② 적합
6. contribute ① 기여하다 ② 공헌하다
7. deviance ① 일탈 ② 이상
8. deviant ① 벗어난 ② 비정상적인 사람
9. enacted ① 제정하다 ② 상연하다
10. grounded ① 근거가 있는 ② 기초를 둔
11. increase ① 증가하다 ② 늘리다
12. involves ① 말려들게 하다 ② ~을 수반하다
13. muscle 근육
14. norms ① 표준 ② 기준
15. occur ① 발생하다 ② 일어나다
16. reject ① 거부하다 ② 거절하다
17. slogans ① 슬로건 ② 구호
18. strength ① 힘 ② 강함
1093-27
1. consequently ① 결과적으로 ② 그에 따른
2. depression ① 우울 ② 침체
3. extent ① 정도 ② 범위
4. frustrated ① 낙담한 ② 좌절된
5. frustration ① 좌절 ② 분노
6. increase ① 증가하다 ② 늘리다
7. narrower ① 폭이 좁은 ② 여유가 적은
8. pervasive ① 퍼지는 ② 스며드는
9. phenomenon ① 현상 ② 장관
10. rates ① 비율 ② 요금
11. richness ① 풍부함 ② 호화로움
12. squeeze ① 압착하다 ② 짜내다
13. unaware ① 모르는 ② 알지 못하는
1093-28
1. approach ① 접근하다 ② 접근법
2. attempt ① 시도하다 ② 노력
3. critical ① 비판적인 ② 중요한
4. determined ① 결정된 ② 결심한
5. entails ① ~을 수반하다 ② 상속인을 한정하다
6. equals ① 동등한 사람 ② 동배
7. esteem ① 존중하다 ② 평가하다
8. gratified ① 만족하고 있는 ② 만족한
9. hints ① ~을 암시하다 ② hint at A 넌지시 비치다
10. humiliation ① 창피를 주기 ② 굴욕
11. illustrates ① 실례로써 명확히 하다 ② …을 설명하다
12. latter ① 후자의 ② 하반기의
13. ratio ① 비율 ② ~률
1093-29
1. agricultural ① 농업의 ② 농산의
2. defined 정의된
3. definition ① 정의 ② 개념
4. ecosystems 생태계
5. extension ① 확장 ② 연장
6. extinction ① 소멸 ② 멸종
7. humankind ① 인류 ② 인간
8. installing ① 설치하다 ② 맡게 하다
9. interference ① 간섭 ② 방해
10. mammals ① 포유류 ② 포유동물
11. prehistoric ① 선사시대의 ② 유사 이전의
12. processes ① 걷다 ② 과정
13. profoundly ① 깊은 곳에서 ② 절실히
14. realms ① 영역 ② 왕국
15. regions ① 전지역
16. rot ① 썩다 ② 낡다
17. shift ① 변화 ② 전환
18. surrounding ① 둘러싸는 ② 주변의
19. synthetic ① 합성의 ② 종합의
20. wildfires ① 도깨비불 ② 들에 난 불
1093-30
1. affect ① 영향을 주다 ② 작용하다
2. agency ① 기관 ② 소속사
3. agent ① 에이전트 ② 요원
4. capacity ① 능력 ② 용량
5. feature ① 특징 ② 출연하다
6. flesh ① 살 ② 피부
7. idealized 이상화된
8. incapable ① 무능한 ② 불가능한
9. individual ① 개인의 ② 개별의
10. moral ① 도덕의 ② 윤리의
11. multiple ① 다_ ② 다수의
12. opposed ① 대항하는 ② 반대의
13. perspectives ① 관점 ② 시각
14. rational ① 합리적인 ② 이성적인
15. reasoned ① 도리에 의거한 ② 조리가 선
16. salient ① 현저한 ② 두드러진
1093-31
1. bulk ① 산적 화물선 ② 대부분
2. carbohydrates ① 탄수화물 ② 함수 탄소
3. dense ① 밀집한 ② 고밀도의
4. imposed ① 지우다 ② 강요하다
5. intentionally ① 의도적으로 ② 고의로
6. lettuce ① 상추 ② 쌈채소
7. moderately ① 적당하게 ② 온건하게
8. overload ① 과부하 ② ~에 너무 짐을 많이 싣다
9. overweight ① 과체중 ② 초과 중량
10. particularly ① 특히 ② 특별하게
11. portions ① 부분 ② 일부
12. proteins 단백질
13. slim ① 슬림 ② 날씬한
14. teenage 13세부터 19세까지의
15. vulnerable ① 취약한 ② 영향받기 쉬운
1093-32
1. assumptions ① 가정 ② 추측
2. attempts ① ~을 시도하다 ② 노리다
3. enormously ① 막대하게 ② 터무니없이
4. guaranteed ① 보장하다 ② 보증
5. involve ① 관련되다 ② 참여하다
6. jokes ① 농담 ② 장난
7. necessarily ① 반드시 ② 꼭
8. noticeable ① 눈에 띄는 ② 주목할 만한
9. occasions ① ~의 유인이 되다 ② 일어나게 하다
10. particularly ① 특히 ② 특별하게
11. regarded ① ~을 간주하다 ② ~을 보다
12. reliance ① 신뢰 ② 의존
13. societies ① 상류 사회의 ② 회
14. stares ① 빤히 쳐다보기 ② 응시
15. translate ① 번역하다 ② 옮기다
16. vary ① 다양하다 ② 달라지다
1093-33
1. absorbing ① 마음을 빼앗는 ② 열중시키는
2. biodegradable 생물 분해성이 있는
3. carbon 탄소
4. component ① 성분 ② 구성 요소
5. dioxide 이산화물
6. economically 경제적으로
7. emits ① 방출하다 ② 내뿜다
8. grocery ① 식료품 ② 잡화류
9. indefinitely ① 무기한으로 ② 무한정
10. instinctively ① 본능적으로 ② 직관적으로
11. landfills ① 쓰레기 매립지 ② 매립식 쓰레기 처리
12. manufactured ① 제조에 종사하다 ② 제조업
13. option ① 선택 ② 옵션
14. pollutants ① 오염 물질 ② 오염원
15. production ① 생산 ② 제작
16. specifically ① 특히 ② 구체적으로
17. theoretically ① 이론적으로는 ② 이론상
1093-34
1. assignments ① 과제 ② 숙제
2. bilingual ① 두 나라 말을 하는 ② 이중 언어를 구사하는
3. certainty ① 확실 ② 확신
4. complex ① 복잡한 ② 복합의
5. conventions 1.(정식) 집회 2.(정당간의) 협정(agreement) 3.(사회·예술상의) 관습
6. ethnic ① 민족의 ② 혈통의
7. immigrants ① 이민 ② 이민자
8. interactions ① 상호 작용 ② 관련
9. intercultural ① 문화간의 ② 이 문화간의
10. minorities ① 소수당의 ② 소수 민족의
11. overseas ① 해외의 ② 외국의
12. prediction ① 예측 ② 추정
13. propose ① 제안하다 ② 제시하다
14. refugees 피난민에게 숙소를 제공하다
15. relate ① 관련시키다 ② 관계시키다
1093-35
1. applies ① 적용하다 ② 지원하다
2. colleagues 동료
3. enable ① 가능하게 하다 ② 할 수 있게 하다
4. evoked ① 불러일으키다 ② ~을 생생하게 재현하다
5. formula ① 공식 ② 방식
6. initiative ① 새로운 계획 ② 주도권
7. minded ① ~한 마음을 가진 ② ~에 흥미가 있는
8. openness ① 개방성 ② 솔직
9. psychiatrist 정신과 의사
10. reveal ① 보여주다 ② 드러내다
11. revelation ① 계시 ② 폭로
12. session ① 회의 ② 회기
13. symposium ① 토론회 ② 심포지엄
14. technique ① 기법 ② 기술
1093-36
1. familiarity ① 친밀함 ② 잘 알고 있음
2. increase ① 증가하다 ② 늘리다
3. prominent ① 유명한 ② 두드러진
4. respondents ① 응하는 ② 응답자
1093-37
1. applied ① 적용된 ② 응용의
2. applying ① 적용하다 ② 지원하다
3. associated ① 연관된 ② 관계가 있는
4. circumstances ① 상황 ② 환경
5. confirmed ① 확인된 ② 승인된
6. detects ① 찾아내다 ② 정체를 간파하다
7. explanation ① 설명 ② 해명
8. frontiers ① 변경 ② 영역
9. intervals ① 간격 ② 구간
10. stimuli stimulus의 복수형
1093-38
1. biased ① 치우친 ② 편견을 가진
2. botanical ① 식물의 ② 식물로 만들어진
3. comprehensive ① 종합적인 ② 포괄적인
4. criticized ① 비평하다 ② 흠을 찾다
5. diminished ① 감소된 ② 권위가 떨어진
6. domesticated 1.가축화한 2.길들인 3.가정에 익숙한
7. expanded ① 확장된 ② 확대된
8. monarch ① 군주 ② 거물
9. reign ① 통치하다 ② 재임하다
10. severely ① 심하게 ② 엄하게
11. stocked ① 재고 ② 가축
12. vigor ① 활력 ② 활기
13. zoologist 동물학자
1093-39
1. afterward ① 그후 ② 곧 이어
2. amplified ① 상세히 논하다 ② ~을 확대하다
3. anticipation ① 기대 ② 예상
4. colleagues 동료
5. components ① 성분 ② 구성 요소
6. desired ① 훌륭한 ② 바랐던
7. fades 염색이 바래다
8. fondly ① 상냥하게 ② 사랑스럽게
9. intensify ① ~을 격렬하게 하다 ② ~의 정도를 더하다
10. intermediate ① 중간의 ② 중급의
11. outcome ① 결과 ② 성과
12. overall ① 전반적으로 ② 전체에 걸친
13. participants ① 참가자 ② 참여자
14. pleasurable ① 즐거운 ② 유쾌한
15. seldom ① 거의~않다 ② 드물게
1093-40
1. conduct ① 실시하다 ② 수행하다
2. meaningful ① 의미 있는 ② 의미심장한
3. passive ① 수동적인 ② 소극적인
4. prominent ① 유명한 ② 두드러진
5. response ① 반응 ② 대응
6. skeptical ① 회의적인 ② 의심하는
7. sort ① 분류하다 ② 정렬하다
8. tendency ① 경향 ② 추세
9. unfortunate ① 불행한 ② 유감스러운
1093-41
1. basis ① 기초 ② 근거
2. export ① 수출 ② 수출액
3. indicates ① 나타내다 ② 가리키다
4. infer ① 추론하다 ② 추측하다
5. mimic ① 흉내내다 ② 흉내쟁이
6. optimistic ① 낙관적인 ② 긍정적인
7. pottery ① 도자기 ② 도예
8. prosperity ① 번영 ② 번창
9. realism ① 현실주의 ② 사실주의
10. rituals ① 의례적인 ② 의식의
11. trade ① 무역 ② 거래
12. transported ① 수송하다 ② 추방하다
1093-42
1. analysis ① 분석 ② 해석
2. announced ① ~을 공시하다 ② ~을 알리다
3. assumed ① 가장한 ② 꾸민
4. climatic ① 기후의 ② 기후에 의한
5. continent ① 대륙 ② 육지대
6. genetic 유전적인
7. individuals ① 개개의 ② 특정한 사람의
8. isolated ① 고립된 ② 절연된
9. proceeded ① 결과 ② 매상고
10. route ① 길 ② 방법
11. southeast ① 동남 ② 남동
12. underway ① 진행 중인 ② 항행 중인
13. via ① 통하여 ② 이용한
1093-43
1. absolutely ① 절대적으로 ② 완전히
2. assume ① 가정하다 ② 생각하다
3. briefcase 서류 가방
4. coincidence ① 우연 ② 동시
5. error ① 오차 ② 오류
6. fallacy ① 오류 ② 착오
7. leap ① 도약하다 ② 건너 뛰다
8. logic ① 논리 ② 생각
9. suppose ① 생각하다 ② ~해야만 하다
10. suspicion ① 의혹 ② 의심
11. tends ① 경향이 있다 ② 도움이 되다
1093-44
1. annually ① 매년 ② 연간
2. ceremonies ① 의식 ② 예의
3. charge ① 혐의 ② 충전
4. consists ① consist of A 이루어지다 ② consist in A 존재하다
5. duties ① 의무 ② 임무
6. dwelling ① 주거 ② 주택
7. likewise ① 마찬가지로 ② 똑같이
8. passes ① 지나가다 ② ~을 통과시키다
9. religion ① 종교 ② 신앙
10. religious ① 종교의 ② 신앙의
11. represented ① ~을 나타내다 ② ~의 대리를 하다
12. ritual ① 의식 ② 제사
13. sacred ① 신성한 ② 성스러운
14. senior ① 선임 ② 고령자
1093-45
1. admire ① 존경하다 ② 감탄하다
2. agricultural ① 농업의 ② 농산의
3. analysis ① 분석 ② 해석
4. attributes ① 기인한다고 생각하다 ② 속한다고 생각하다
5. characteristics ① 특성 ② 독특한
6. circumstances ① 상황 ② 환경
7. consequently ① 결과적으로 ② 그에 따른
8. contemporary ① 현대의 ② 동시대의
9. context ① 문맥 ② 상황
10. emphasis ① 강조 ② 중점
11. emphasizes ① 강조하다 ② 강세를 두다
12. hardships ① 고난 ② 어려움
13. impact ① 영향 ② 충격
14. independent ① 독립한 ② 무소속의
15. orientation ① 지향 ② 경향
16. rational ① 합리적인 ② 이성적인
17. societies ① 상류 사회의 ② 회
18. techniques ① 기법 ② 기술
19. universally ① 도처에 ② 널리
20. vital ① 중요한 ② 필수적인
21. wilderness ① 황야 ② 자연
1093-4647
1. acquaintance ① 아는 사람 ② 인물
2. appointments ① 임명 ② 약속
3. authentic ① 진정한 ② 진짜의
4. charming ① 매력적인 ② 멋진
5. companion ① 동반자 ② 친구
6. freshness ① 신선미 ② 생생함
7. immense ① 굉장한 ② 막대한
8. impact ① 영향 ② 충격
9. inevitably ① 불가피하게 ② 필연적으로
10. launched ① 수면에 내려놓다 ② 내보내다
11. naked ① 벌거벗은 ② 나체의
12. perception ① 인식 ② 지각
13. proved ① 진위를 증명하다 ② 시험하다
14. shock ① 충격 ② 놀라게 하다
15. sociable ① 사교적인 ② 붙임성 있는
16. solitude ① 고독 ② 외로움
1093-4850
1. abundance ① 풍부 ② 대량
2. accumulated ① 쌓아 올리다 ② 쌓이다
3. caution ① 주의 ② 경고
4. cupboard ① 찬장 ② 벽장
5. edges ① 가장자리 ② 끝
6. eldest ① 장남 ② 장녀
7. firmly ① 확고하게 ② 강하게
8. informed ① 견문이 넓은 ② 세련된
9. occasionally ① 가끔 ② 때때로
10. overflowing ① 넘칠 듯한 ② 넘친
11. reminded ① 생각나게 하다 ② 생각나게 하다
12. response ① 반응 ② 대응
13. satisfaction ① 만족 ② 충족
14. shock ① 충격 ② 놀라게 하다
15. soothe ① 진정시키다 ② 완화하다
16. sponge ① 스펀지 ② 해면
17. sufficient ① 충분한 ② 만족스러운
1093-18
1. academic ① 학업의 ② 학문적인
2. consistently ① 시종일관하여 ② 견실히
3. demonstrate ① 증명하다 ② 입증하다
4. leadership ① 리더십 ② 지도력
5. reference ① 참고 ② 기준
6. request ① 요청 ② 요구
7. scholarship ① 장학금 ② 학문
8. semester 학기
1093-19
1. attendant ① 승무원 ② 종업원
2. cash ① 현금 ② 돈
3. glancing ① 빗나간 ② 비스듬한
4. handed ① 손잡이가 있는 ② 손이 있는
5. piling ① 말뚝 ② 말뚝 박기
6. purse ① 지갑 ② 가방
7. rang ① 양보하다 ② 옆으로 피하다
8. register ① 등록하다 ② 기록하다
9. reminded ① 생각나게 하다 ② 생각나게 하다
10. suppose ① 생각하다 ② ~해야만 하다
11. toll ① 대가 ② 피해
1093-20
1. appointed ① 임명된 ② 정해진
2. claim ① 주장하다 ② 말하다
3. clients ① 고객 ② 클라이언트
4. countless ① 많은 ② 셀 수 없는
5. doubtful ① 의심스러운 ② 회의적인
6. efficiency ① 효율 ② 능률
7. evident ① 명백한 ② 분명한
8. impart ① 주다 ② 알리다
9. industrial ① 산업의 ② 공업의
10. knowledgeable ① 박식한 ② 정통해 있는
11. limited ① 한정된 ② 제한을 받은
12. manufacturing ① 제조 ② 생산
13. phrase ① 말 ② 구절
14. practical ① 실용적인 ② 실제적인
15. proficient ① 능숙한 ② 숙달한
16. refers ① 조회하다 ② 지시하다
17. revolution ① 혁명 ② 혁신
18. substantial ① 상당한 ② 실질적인
19. trade ① 무역 ② 거래
20. version ① 버전 ② 판
1093-21
1. accommodations ① 숙박 ② 수용
2. cabin 1.객실 2.오두막
3. judging ① 재판관 ② 심사원
4. liners 안창을 깔다
5. occupy ① 점령하다 ② 차지하다
6. passenger ① 승객 ② 여객
7. privilege ① 특권 ② 영광
8. remarked ① 감상을 말하다 ② 한마디하다
9. trustworthy 신뢰할 수 있는
1093-22
1. absorbs ① 흡수하다 ② 받아들이다
2. constant ① 일정한 ② 지속적인
3. cycle ① 주기 ② 사이클
4. depth ① 깊이 ② 심도
5. loop ① 루프 ② 고리
1093-23
1. annual ① 연간의 ② 연례의
2. colleagues 동료
3. comparing ① beyond compare 로 씀 ② …을 비교하다
4. envy ① 부러워하다 ② 질투하다
5. firm ① 기업 ② 회사
6. increase ① 증가하다 ② 늘리다
7. lessened ① 적어지다 ② ~을 적게 하다
8. measuring 계측용의
9. motivational ① 동기부여 ② 참여
10. perceived ① 감지하다 ② 알아차리다
11. resentment ① 분노 ② 적의
12. rival ① 경쟁하는 ② 라이벌
13. salesperson ① 판매원 ② 점원
14. strengths ① 힘 ② 정신력
15. threatened ① 위협당한 ② 협박당한
1093-24
1. attempts ① ~을 시도하다 ② 노리다
2. avail ① 소용되다 ② 쓸모있다
3. cautioned ① 경고를 주다 ② 경고하다
4. consume ① 소비하다 ② 먹어치우다
5. futile ① 헛된 ② 헛수고
6. nerve ① 신경 ② 용기
7. otherwise ① 그렇지 않으면 ② 다른
8. shadow ① 그림자 ② 그늘
9. slammed ① 쾅 닫다 ② ~을 내던지다
10. uneasy ① 불안한 ② 불편한
1093-25
1. circuits ① 순회하다 ② 한 바퀴 돌다
2. component ① 성분 ② 구성 요소
3. corrupt ① 부패한 ② 타락한
4. ecosystem 생태계
5. error ① 오차 ② 오류
6. estimated ① 추정된다 ② 약
7. impact ① 영향 ② 충격
8. indeed ① 정말로 ② 사실은
9. meteorite 운석
10. surviving ① 살아남아 있는 ② 잔존하고 있는
11. tow ① 토우 ② 견인차
12. vanish ① 사라지다 ② 자취를 감추다
13. wiring ① 배선 ② 배선의
1093-26
1. acceptance ① 수용 ② 받아들임
2. alienated 소외된
3. antisocial ① 반사회적인 ② 비사교적인
4. committed ① 헌신적인 ② 빠져 있는
5. conformity ① 일치 ② 적합
6. contribute ① 기여하다 ② 공헌하다
7. deviance ① 일탈 ② 이상
8. deviant ① 벗어난 ② 비정상적인 사람
9. enacted ① 제정하다 ② 상연하다
10. grounded ① 근거가 있는 ② 기초를 둔
11. increase ① 증가하다 ② 늘리다
12. involves ① 말려들게 하다 ② ~을 수반하다
13. muscle 근육
14. norms ① 표준 ② 기준
15. occur ① 발생하다 ② 일어나다
16. reject ① 거부하다 ② 거절하다
17. slogans ① 슬로건 ② 구호
18. strength ① 힘 ② 강함
1093-27
1. consequently ① 결과적으로 ② 그에 따른
2. depression ① 우울 ② 침체
3. extent ① 정도 ② 범위
4. frustrated ① 낙담한 ② 좌절된
5. frustration ① 좌절 ② 분노
6. increase ① 증가하다 ② 늘리다
7. narrower ① 폭이 좁은 ② 여유가 적은
8. pervasive ① 퍼지는 ② 스며드는
9. phenomenon ① 현상 ② 장관
10. rates ① 비율 ② 요금
11. richness ① 풍부함 ② 호화로움
12. squeeze ① 압착하다 ② 짜내다
13. unaware ① 모르는 ② 알지 못하는
1093-28
1. approach ① 접근하다 ② 접근법
2. attempt ① 시도하다 ② 노력
3. critical ① 비판적인 ② 중요한
4. determined ① 결정된 ② 결심한
5. entails ① ~을 수반하다 ② 상속인을 한정하다
6. equals ① 동등한 사람 ② 동배
7. esteem ① 존중하다 ② 평가하다
8. gratified ① 만족하고 있는 ② 만족한
9. hints ① ~을 암시하다 ② hint at A 넌지시 비치다
10. humiliation ① 창피를 주기 ② 굴욕
11. illustrates ① 실례로써 명확히 하다 ② …을 설명하다
12. latter ① 후자의 ② 하반기의
13. ratio ① 비율 ② ~률
1093-29
1. agricultural ① 농업의 ② 농산의
2. defined 정의된
3. definition ① 정의 ② 개념
4. ecosystems 생태계
5. extension ① 확장 ② 연장
6. extinction ① 소멸 ② 멸종
7. humankind ① 인류 ② 인간
8. installing ① 설치하다 ② 맡게 하다
9. interference ① 간섭 ② 방해
10. mammals ① 포유류 ② 포유동물
11. prehistoric ① 선사시대의 ② 유사 이전의
12. processes ① 걷다 ② 과정
13. profoundly ① 깊은 곳에서 ② 절실히
14. realms ① 영역 ② 왕국
15. regions ① 전지역
16. rot ① 썩다 ② 낡다
17. shift ① 변화 ② 전환
18. surrounding ① 둘러싸는 ② 주변의
19. synthetic ① 합성의 ② 종합의
20. wildfires ① 도깨비불 ② 들에 난 불
1093-30
1. affect ① 영향을 주다 ② 작용하다
2. agency ① 기관 ② 소속사
3. agent ① 에이전트 ② 요원
4. capacity ① 능력 ② 용량
5. feature ① 특징 ② 출연하다
6. flesh ① 살 ② 피부
7. idealized 이상화된
8. incapable ① 무능한 ② 불가능한
9. individual ① 개인의 ② 개별의
10. moral ① 도덕의 ② 윤리의
11. multiple ① 다_ ② 다수의
12. opposed ① 대항하는 ② 반대의
13. perspectives ① 관점 ② 시각
14. rational ① 합리적인 ② 이성적인
15. reasoned ① 도리에 의거한 ② 조리가 선
16. salient ① 현저한 ② 두드러진
1093-31
1. bulk ① 산적 화물선 ② 대부분
2. carbohydrates ① 탄수화물 ② 함수 탄소
3. dense ① 밀집한 ② 고밀도의
4. imposed ① 지우다 ② 강요하다
5. intentionally ① 의도적으로 ② 고의로
6. lettuce ① 상추 ② 쌈채소
7. moderately ① 적당하게 ② 온건하게
8. overload ① 과부하 ② ~에 너무 짐을 많이 싣다
9. overweight ① 과체중 ② 초과 중량
10. particularly ① 특히 ② 특별하게
11. portions ① 부분 ② 일부
12. proteins 단백질
13. slim ① 슬림 ② 날씬한
14. teenage 13세부터 19세까지의
15. vulnerable ① 취약한 ② 영향받기 쉬운
1093-32
1. assumptions ① 가정 ② 추측
2. attempts ① ~을 시도하다 ② 노리다
3. enormously ① 막대하게 ② 터무니없이
4. guaranteed ① 보장하다 ② 보증
5. involve ① 관련되다 ② 참여하다
6. jokes ① 농담 ② 장난
7. necessarily ① 반드시 ② 꼭
8. noticeable ① 눈에 띄는 ② 주목할 만한
9. occasions ① ~의 유인이 되다 ② 일어나게 하다
10. particularly ① 특히 ② 특별하게
11. regarded ① ~을 간주하다 ② ~을 보다
12. reliance ① 신뢰 ② 의존
13. societies ① 상류 사회의 ② 회
14. stares ① 빤히 쳐다보기 ② 응시
15. translate ① 번역하다 ② 옮기다
16. vary ① 다양하다 ② 달라지다
1093-33
1. absorbing ① 마음을 빼앗는 ② 열중시키는
2. biodegradable 생물 분해성이 있는
3. carbon 탄소
4. component ① 성분 ② 구성 요소
5. dioxide 이산화물
6. economically 경제적으로
7. emits ① 방출하다 ② 내뿜다
8. grocery ① 식료품 ② 잡화류
9. indefinitely ① 무기한으로 ② 무한정
10. instinctively ① 본능적으로 ② 직관적으로
11. landfills ① 쓰레기 매립지 ② 매립식 쓰레기 처리
12. manufactured ① 제조에 종사하다 ② 제조업
13. option ① 선택 ② 옵션
14. pollutants ① 오염 물질 ② 오염원
15. production ① 생산 ② 제작
16. specifically ① 특히 ② 구체적으로
17. theoretically ① 이론적으로는 ② 이론상
1093-34
1. assignments ① 과제 ② 숙제
2. bilingual ① 두 나라 말을 하는 ② 이중 언어를 구사하는
3. certainty ① 확실 ② 확신
4. complex ① 복잡한 ② 복합의
5. conventions 1.(정식) 집회 2.(정당간의) 협정(agreement) 3.(사회·예술상의) 관습
6. ethnic ① 민족의 ② 혈통의
7. immigrants ① 이민 ② 이민자
8. interactions ① 상호 작용 ② 관련
9. intercultural ① 문화간의 ② 이 문화간의
10. minorities ① 소수당의 ② 소수 민족의
11. overseas ① 해외의 ② 외국의
12. prediction ① 예측 ② 추정
13. propose ① 제안하다 ② 제시하다
14. refugees 피난민에게 숙소를 제공하다
15. relate ① 관련시키다 ② 관계시키다
1093-35
1. applies ① 적용하다 ② 지원하다
2. colleagues 동료
3. enable ① 가능하게 하다 ② 할 수 있게 하다
4. evoked ① 불러일으키다 ② ~을 생생하게 재현하다
5. formula ① 공식 ② 방식
6. initiative ① 새로운 계획 ② 주도권
7. minded ① ~한 마음을 가진 ② ~에 흥미가 있는
8. openness ① 개방성 ② 솔직
9. psychiatrist 정신과 의사
10. reveal ① 보여주다 ② 드러내다
11. revelation ① 계시 ② 폭로
12. session ① 회의 ② 회기
13. symposium ① 토론회 ② 심포지엄
14. technique ① 기법 ② 기술
1093-36
1. familiarity ① 친밀함 ② 잘 알고 있음
2. increase ① 증가하다 ② 늘리다
3. prominent ① 유명한 ② 두드러진
4. respondents ① 응하는 ② 응답자
1093-37
1. applied ① 적용된 ② 응용의
2. applying ① 적용하다 ② 지원하다
3. associated ① 연관된 ② 관계가 있는
4. circumstances ① 상황 ② 환경
5. confirmed ① 확인된 ② 승인된
6. detects ① 찾아내다 ② 정체를 간파하다
7. explanation ① 설명 ② 해명
8. frontiers ① 변경 ② 영역
9. intervals ① 간격 ② 구간
10. stimuli stimulus의 복수형
1093-38
1. biased ① 치우친 ② 편견을 가진
2. botanical ① 식물의 ② 식물로 만들어진
3. comprehensive ① 종합적인 ② 포괄적인
4. criticized ① 비평하다 ② 흠을 찾다
5. diminished ① 감소된 ② 권위가 떨어진
6. domesticated 1.가축화한 2.길들인 3.가정에 익숙한
7. expanded ① 확장된 ② 확대된
8. monarch ① 군주 ② 거물
9. reign ① 통치하다 ② 재임하다
10. severely ① 심하게 ② 엄하게
11. stocked ① 재고 ② 가축
12. vigor ① 활력 ② 활기
13. zoologist 동물학자
1093-39
1. afterward ① 그후 ② 곧 이어
2. amplified ① 상세히 논하다 ② ~을 확대하다
3. anticipation ① 기대 ② 예상
4. colleagues 동료
5. components ① 성분 ② 구성 요소
6. desired ① 훌륭한 ② 바랐던
7. fades 염색이 바래다
8. fondly ① 상냥하게 ② 사랑스럽게
9. intensify ① ~을 격렬하게 하다 ② ~의 정도를 더하다
10. intermediate ① 중간의 ② 중급의
11. outcome ① 결과 ② 성과
12. overall ① 전반적으로 ② 전체에 걸친
13. participants ① 참가자 ② 참여자
14. pleasurable ① 즐거운 ② 유쾌한
15. seldom ① 거의~않다 ② 드물게
1093-40
1. conduct ① 실시하다 ② 수행하다
2. meaningful ① 의미 있는 ② 의미심장한
3. passive ① 수동적인 ② 소극적인
4. prominent ① 유명한 ② 두드러진
5. response ① 반응 ② 대응
6. skeptical ① 회의적인 ② 의심하는
7. sort ① 분류하다 ② 정렬하다
8. tendency ① 경향 ② 추세
9. unfortunate ① 불행한 ② 유감스러운
1093-41
1. basis ① 기초 ② 근거
2. export ① 수출 ② 수출액
3. indicates ① 나타내다 ② 가리키다
4. infer ① 추론하다 ② 추측하다
5. mimic ① 흉내내다 ② 흉내쟁이
6. optimistic ① 낙관적인 ② 긍정적인
7. pottery ① 도자기 ② 도예
8. prosperity ① 번영 ② 번창
9. realism ① 현실주의 ② 사실주의
10. rituals ① 의례적인 ② 의식의
11. trade ① 무역 ② 거래
12. transported ① 수송하다 ② 추방하다
1093-42
1. analysis ① 분석 ② 해석
2. announced ① ~을 공시하다 ② ~을 알리다
3. assumed ① 가장한 ② 꾸민
4. climatic ① 기후의 ② 기후에 의한
5. continent ① 대륙 ② 육지대
6. genetic 유전적인
7. individuals ① 개개의 ② 특정한 사람의
8. isolated ① 고립된 ② 절연된
9. proceeded ① 결과 ② 매상고
10. route ① 길 ② 방법
11. southeast ① 동남 ② 남동
12. underway ① 진행 중인 ② 항행 중인
13. via ① 통하여 ② 이용한
1093-43
1. absolutely ① 절대적으로 ② 완전히
2. assume ① 가정하다 ② 생각하다
3. briefcase 서류 가방
4. coincidence ① 우연 ② 동시
5. error ① 오차 ② 오류
6. fallacy ① 오류 ② 착오
7. leap ① 도약하다 ② 건너 뛰다
8. logic ① 논리 ② 생각
9. suppose ① 생각하다 ② ~해야만 하다
10. suspicion ① 의혹 ② 의심
11. tends ① 경향이 있다 ② 도움이 되다
1093-44
1. annually ① 매년 ② 연간
2. ceremonies ① 의식 ② 예의
3. charge ① 혐의 ② 충전
4. consists ① consist of A 이루어지다 ② consist in A 존재하다
5. duties ① 의무 ② 임무
6. dwelling ① 주거 ② 주택
7. likewise ① 마찬가지로 ② 똑같이
8. passes ① 지나가다 ② ~을 통과시키다
9. religion ① 종교 ② 신앙
10. religious ① 종교의 ② 신앙의
11. represented ① ~을 나타내다 ② ~의 대리를 하다
12. ritual ① 의식 ② 제사
13. sacred ① 신성한 ② 성스러운
14. senior ① 선임 ② 고령자
1093-45
1. admire ① 존경하다 ② 감탄하다
2. agricultural ① 농업의 ② 농산의
3. analysis ① 분석 ② 해석
4. attributes ① 기인한다고 생각하다 ② 속한다고 생각하다
5. characteristics ① 특성 ② 독특한
6. circumstances ① 상황 ② 환경
7. consequently ① 결과적으로 ② 그에 따른
8. contemporary ① 현대의 ② 동시대의
9. context ① 문맥 ② 상황
10. emphasis ① 강조 ② 중점
11. emphasizes ① 강조하다 ② 강세를 두다
12. hardships ① 고난 ② 어려움
13. impact ① 영향 ② 충격
14. independent ① 독립한 ② 무소속의
15. orientation ① 지향 ② 경향
16. rational ① 합리적인 ② 이성적인
17. societies ① 상류 사회의 ② 회
18. techniques ① 기법 ② 기술
19. universally ① 도처에 ② 널리
20. vital ① 중요한 ② 필수적인
21. wilderness ① 황야 ② 자연
1093-4647
1. acquaintance ① 아는 사람 ② 인물
2. appointments ① 임명 ② 약속
3. authentic ① 진정한 ② 진짜의
4. charming ① 매력적인 ② 멋진
5. companion ① 동반자 ② 친구
6. freshness ① 신선미 ② 생생함
7. immense ① 굉장한 ② 막대한
8. impact ① 영향 ② 충격
9. inevitably ① 불가피하게 ② 필연적으로
10. launched ① 수면에 내려놓다 ② 내보내다
11. naked ① 벌거벗은 ② 나체의
12. perception ① 인식 ② 지각
13. proved ① 진위를 증명하다 ② 시험하다
14. shock ① 충격 ② 놀라게 하다
15. sociable ① 사교적인 ② 붙임성 있는
16. solitude ① 고독 ② 외로움
1093-4850
1. abundance ① 풍부 ② 대량
2. accumulated ① 쌓아 올리다 ② 쌓이다
3. caution ① 주의 ② 경고
4. cupboard ① 찬장 ② 벽장
5. edges ① 가장자리 ② 끝
6. eldest ① 장남 ② 장녀
7. firmly ① 확고하게 ② 강하게
8. informed ① 견문이 넓은 ② 세련된
9. occasionally ① 가끔 ② 때때로
10. overflowing ① 넘칠 듯한 ② 넘친
11. reminded ① 생각나게 하다 ② 생각나게 하다
12. response ① 반응 ② 대응
13. satisfaction ① 만족 ② 충족
14. shock ① 충격 ② 놀라게 하다
15. soothe ① 진정시키다 ② 완화하다
16. sponge ① 스펀지 ② 해면
17. sufficient ① 충분한 ② 만족스러운
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고등모의 [워크북]/고32019. 10. 30. 18:45
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THE BLUET 1093 | Since 2005 임희재 블루티쳐 | 01033383436 | wayne.tistory.com | wayne36@daum.net | 191030 18:44:46
다음 단어의 뜻을 쓰세요.
1093-18
1. academic
2. consistently
3. demonstrate
4. leadership
5. reference
6. request
7. scholarship
8. semester
1093-19
9. attendant
10. cash
11. glancing
12. handed
13. piling
14. purse
15. rang
16. register
17. reminded
18. suppose
19. toll
1093-20
20. appointed
21. claim
22. clients
23. countless
24. doubtful
25. efficiency
26. evident
27. impart
28. industrial
29. knowledgeable
30. limited
31. manufacturing
32. phrase
33. practical
34. proficient
35. refers
36. revolution
37. substantial
38. trade
39. version
1093-21
40. accommodations
41. availed
42. cabin
43. inquired
44. judging
45. liners
46. occupy
47. passenger
48. privilege
49. purser
50. remarked
51. transatlantic
52. trustworthy
1093-22
53. absorbs
54. constant
55. cycle
56. depth
57. geothermal
58. loop
1093-23
59. annual
60. colleagues
61. comparing
62. envy
63. firm
64. increase
65. lessened
66. measuring
67. motivational
68. perceived
69. resentment
70. rival
71. salesperson
72. strengths
73. threatened
74. ungenerous
1093-24
75. attempts
76. avail
77. cautioned
78. consume
79. creaked
80. futile
81. gloom
82. nerve
83. otherwise
84. shadow
85. slammed
86. swung
87. uneasy
1093-25
88. circuits
89. component
90. corrupt
91. drastic
92. ecosystem
93. error
94. estimated
95. extinctions
96. impact
97. indeed
98. insensitivity
99. meteorite
100. surviving
101. tow
102. vanish
103. wiring
104. yucatan
1093-26
105. acceptance
106. alienated
107. antisocial
108. committed
109. conformity
110. contribute
111. deviance
112. deviant
113. enacted
114. grounded
115. increase
116. involves
117. muscle
118. norms
119. occur
120. overdoing
121. reject
122. slogans
123. strength
124. unquestioned
1093-27
125. consequently
126. depression
127. extent
128. frustrated
129. frustration
130. increase
131. narrower
132. pervasive
133. phenomenon
134. rates
135. richness
136. squeeze
137. unaware
1093-28
138. actualities
139. approach
140. attempt
141. critical
142. determined
143. entails
144. equals
145. esteem
146. gratified
147. hints
148. humiliation
149. illustrates
150. latter
151. potentialities
152. pretensions
153. ratio
1093-29
154. agricultural
155. defined
156. definition
157. ecosystems
158. extension
159. extinction
160. humankind
161. installing
162. interference
163. mammals
164. orchards
165. prehistoric
166. processes
167. profoundly
168. realms
169. regions
170. rot
171. shift
172. surrounding
173. synthetic
174. unhindered
175. uninfluenced
176. wildfires
1093-30
177. affect
178. agency
179. agent
180. capacity
181. feature
182. flesh
183. idealized
184. incapable
185. individual
186. moral
187. multiple
188. opposed
189. perspectives
190. rational
191. reasoned
192. ridiculously
193. salient
194. uncontested
195. uncontroversial
1093-31
196. bulk
197. carbohydrates
198. dense
199. devour
200. imposed
201. intentionally
202. lettuce
203. moderately
204. overload
205. overweight
206. particularly
207. portions
208. proteins
209. slim
210. teenage
211. vulnerable
1093-32
212. amusing
213. assumptions
214. attempts
215. enormously
216. guaranteed
217. involve
218. jokes
219. necessarily
220. noticeable
221. occasions
222. particularly
223. regarded
224. reliance
225. societies
226. stares
227. translate
228. vary
1093-33
229. absorbing
230. biodegradable
231. biodegrade
232. carbon
233. component
234. dioxide
235. economically
236. emits
237. grocery
238. indefinitely
239. instinctively
240. landfills
241. manufactured
242. municipal
243. option
244. pollutants
245. production
246. recyclable
247. specifically
248. theoretically
1093-34
249. affirmative
250. assignments
251. bilingual
252. certainty
253. complex
254. conventions
255. ethnic
256. immigrants
257. interactions
258. intercultural
259. minorities
260. overseas
261. prediction
262. propose
263. refugees
264. relate
1093-35
265. applies
266. colleagues
267. enable
268. evoked
269. formula
270. initiative
271. maskless
272. minded
273. openness
274. psychiatrist
275. reveal
276. revelation
277. session
278. symposium
279. technique
1093-36
280. blogging
281. familiarity
282. increase
283. podcasting
284. prominent
285. respondents
286. wikis
1093-37
287. applied
288. applying
289. associated
290. circumstances
291. confirmed
292. detects
293. explanation
294. frontiers
295. intervals
296. nylon
297. stimuli
298. ticklish
1093-38
299. biased
300. botanical
301. botanist
302. buffon
303. comprehensive
304. criticized
305. diminished
306. domesticated
307. expanded
308. monarch
309. reign
310. severely
311. stocked
312. versailles
313. vigor
314. xvi
315. zoologist
1093-39
316. afterward
317. amplified
318. anticipation
319. colleagues
320. components
321. desired
322. dominates
323. fades
324. fondly
325. intensify
326. intermediate
327. minimized
328. outcome
329. overall
330. participants
331. pleasurable
332. retrospection
333. rosy
334. seldom
335. unpleasantness
1093-40
336. apologizing
337. conduct
338. indiscretion
339. meaningful
340. passive
341. prominent
342. relinquishes
343. response
344. skeptical
345. sort
346. tendency
347. unfortunate
348. wrongdoer
1093-41
349. basis
350. blackened
351. choral
352. export
353. indicates
354. infer
355. mimic
356. optimistic
357. pottery
358. prosperity
359. realism
360. rituals
361. trade
362. transported
1093-42
363. analysis
364. announced
365. assumed
366. australasia
367. climatic
368. continent
369. descendants
370. exodus
371. genetic
372. individuals
373. isolated
374. jawbone
375. mtdna
376. northerly
377. proceeded
378. route
379. southeast
380. southerly
381. underway
382. via
1093-43
383. absolutely
384. assume
385. briefcase
386. coincidence
387. error
388. fallacy
389. hoc
390. leap
391. logic
392. suppose
393. suspicion
394. tends
1093-44
395. adjoining
396. annually
397. ceremonies
398. charge
399. clan
400. clanhouse
401. consists
402. duties
403. dwelling
404. likewise
405. passes
406. religion
407. religious
408. represented
409. ritual
410. sacred
411. senior
1093-45
412. admire
413. agricultural
414. analysis
415. attributes
416. characteristics
417. circumstances
418. consequently
419. contemporary
420. context
421. cree
422. emphasis
423. emphasizes
424. hardships
425. impact
426. independent
427. ojibway
428. orientation
429. rational
430. societies
431. techniques
432. universally
433. vital
434. wilderness
1093-4647
435. acquaintance
436. appointments
437. authentic
438. charming
439. companion
440. freshness
441. immense
442. impact
443. inevitably
444. launched
445. naked
446. perception
447. personhood
448. proved
449. shock
450. sociable
451. solitude
452. startlingly
453. unexplored
454. whitney
1093-4850
455. absentminded
456. abundance
457. accumulated
458. befriending
459. caution
460. cuddle
461. cupboard
462. edges
463. eldest
464. firmly
465. impermanent
466. informed
467. occasionally
468. overflowing
469. reminded
470. response
471. satisfaction
472. shock
473. soothe
474. sponge
475. sufficient
476. unopened
1. academic
2. consistently
3. demonstrate
4. leadership
5. reference
6. request
7. scholarship
8. semester
1093-19
9. attendant
10. cash
11. glancing
12. handed
13. piling
14. purse
15. rang
16. register
17. reminded
18. suppose
19. toll
1093-20
20. appointed
21. claim
22. clients
23. countless
24. doubtful
25. efficiency
26. evident
27. impart
28. industrial
29. knowledgeable
30. limited
31. manufacturing
32. phrase
33. practical
34. proficient
35. refers
36. revolution
37. substantial
38. trade
39. version
1093-21
40. accommodations
41. availed
42. cabin
43. inquired
44. judging
45. liners
46. occupy
47. passenger
48. privilege
49. purser
50. remarked
51. transatlantic
52. trustworthy
1093-22
53. absorbs
54. constant
55. cycle
56. depth
57. geothermal
58. loop
1093-23
59. annual
60. colleagues
61. comparing
62. envy
63. firm
64. increase
65. lessened
66. measuring
67. motivational
68. perceived
69. resentment
70. rival
71. salesperson
72. strengths
73. threatened
74. ungenerous
1093-24
75. attempts
76. avail
77. cautioned
78. consume
79. creaked
80. futile
81. gloom
82. nerve
83. otherwise
84. shadow
85. slammed
86. swung
87. uneasy
1093-25
88. circuits
89. component
90. corrupt
91. drastic
92. ecosystem
93. error
94. estimated
95. extinctions
96. impact
97. indeed
98. insensitivity
99. meteorite
100. surviving
101. tow
102. vanish
103. wiring
104. yucatan
1093-26
105. acceptance
106. alienated
107. antisocial
108. committed
109. conformity
110. contribute
111. deviance
112. deviant
113. enacted
114. grounded
115. increase
116. involves
117. muscle
118. norms
119. occur
120. overdoing
121. reject
122. slogans
123. strength
124. unquestioned
1093-27
125. consequently
126. depression
127. extent
128. frustrated
129. frustration
130. increase
131. narrower
132. pervasive
133. phenomenon
134. rates
135. richness
136. squeeze
137. unaware
1093-28
138. actualities
139. approach
140. attempt
141. critical
142. determined
143. entails
144. equals
145. esteem
146. gratified
147. hints
148. humiliation
149. illustrates
150. latter
151. potentialities
152. pretensions
153. ratio
1093-29
154. agricultural
155. defined
156. definition
157. ecosystems
158. extension
159. extinction
160. humankind
161. installing
162. interference
163. mammals
164. orchards
165. prehistoric
166. processes
167. profoundly
168. realms
169. regions
170. rot
171. shift
172. surrounding
173. synthetic
174. unhindered
175. uninfluenced
176. wildfires
1093-30
177. affect
178. agency
179. agent
180. capacity
181. feature
182. flesh
183. idealized
184. incapable
185. individual
186. moral
187. multiple
188. opposed
189. perspectives
190. rational
191. reasoned
192. ridiculously
193. salient
194. uncontested
195. uncontroversial
1093-31
196. bulk
197. carbohydrates
198. dense
199. devour
200. imposed
201. intentionally
202. lettuce
203. moderately
204. overload
205. overweight
206. particularly
207. portions
208. proteins
209. slim
210. teenage
211. vulnerable
1093-32
212. amusing
213. assumptions
214. attempts
215. enormously
216. guaranteed
217. involve
218. jokes
219. necessarily
220. noticeable
221. occasions
222. particularly
223. regarded
224. reliance
225. societies
226. stares
227. translate
228. vary
1093-33
229. absorbing
230. biodegradable
231. biodegrade
232. carbon
233. component
234. dioxide
235. economically
236. emits
237. grocery
238. indefinitely
239. instinctively
240. landfills
241. manufactured
242. municipal
243. option
244. pollutants
245. production
246. recyclable
247. specifically
248. theoretically
1093-34
249. affirmative
250. assignments
251. bilingual
252. certainty
253. complex
254. conventions
255. ethnic
256. immigrants
257. interactions
258. intercultural
259. minorities
260. overseas
261. prediction
262. propose
263. refugees
264. relate
1093-35
265. applies
266. colleagues
267. enable
268. evoked
269. formula
270. initiative
271. maskless
272. minded
273. openness
274. psychiatrist
275. reveal
276. revelation
277. session
278. symposium
279. technique
1093-36
280. blogging
281. familiarity
282. increase
283. podcasting
284. prominent
285. respondents
286. wikis
1093-37
287. applied
288. applying
289. associated
290. circumstances
291. confirmed
292. detects
293. explanation
294. frontiers
295. intervals
296. nylon
297. stimuli
298. ticklish
1093-38
299. biased
300. botanical
301. botanist
302. buffon
303. comprehensive
304. criticized
305. diminished
306. domesticated
307. expanded
308. monarch
309. reign
310. severely
311. stocked
312. versailles
313. vigor
314. xvi
315. zoologist
1093-39
316. afterward
317. amplified
318. anticipation
319. colleagues
320. components
321. desired
322. dominates
323. fades
324. fondly
325. intensify
326. intermediate
327. minimized
328. outcome
329. overall
330. participants
331. pleasurable
332. retrospection
333. rosy
334. seldom
335. unpleasantness
1093-40
336. apologizing
337. conduct
338. indiscretion
339. meaningful
340. passive
341. prominent
342. relinquishes
343. response
344. skeptical
345. sort
346. tendency
347. unfortunate
348. wrongdoer
1093-41
349. basis
350. blackened
351. choral
352. export
353. indicates
354. infer
355. mimic
356. optimistic
357. pottery
358. prosperity
359. realism
360. rituals
361. trade
362. transported
1093-42
363. analysis
364. announced
365. assumed
366. australasia
367. climatic
368. continent
369. descendants
370. exodus
371. genetic
372. individuals
373. isolated
374. jawbone
375. mtdna
376. northerly
377. proceeded
378. route
379. southeast
380. southerly
381. underway
382. via
1093-43
383. absolutely
384. assume
385. briefcase
386. coincidence
387. error
388. fallacy
389. hoc
390. leap
391. logic
392. suppose
393. suspicion
394. tends
1093-44
395. adjoining
396. annually
397. ceremonies
398. charge
399. clan
400. clanhouse
401. consists
402. duties
403. dwelling
404. likewise
405. passes
406. religion
407. religious
408. represented
409. ritual
410. sacred
411. senior
1093-45
412. admire
413. agricultural
414. analysis
415. attributes
416. characteristics
417. circumstances
418. consequently
419. contemporary
420. context
421. cree
422. emphasis
423. emphasizes
424. hardships
425. impact
426. independent
427. ojibway
428. orientation
429. rational
430. societies
431. techniques
432. universally
433. vital
434. wilderness
1093-4647
435. acquaintance
436. appointments
437. authentic
438. charming
439. companion
440. freshness
441. immense
442. impact
443. inevitably
444. launched
445. naked
446. perception
447. personhood
448. proved
449. shock
450. sociable
451. solitude
452. startlingly
453. unexplored
454. whitney
1093-4850
455. absentminded
456. abundance
457. accumulated
458. befriending
459. caution
460. cuddle
461. cupboard
462. edges
463. eldest
464. firmly
465. impermanent
466. informed
467. occasionally
468. overflowing
469. reminded
470. response
471. satisfaction
472. shock
473. soothe
474. sponge
475. sufficient
476. unopened
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고등모의 [워크북]/고32019. 10. 30. 18:44
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THE BLUET 1093 | Since 2005 임희재 블루티쳐 | 01033383436 | wayne.tistory.com | wayne36@daum.net | 191030 18:43:35
1093-18
① I was pleased to receive your letter requesting a letter of reference for a Future Leaders scholarship. ② As your physics teacher, I can certainly speak highly of your academic abilities. ③ Your grades have consistently been A's and B's in my class. ④ Since this is the first semester that I have had you in class, however, I do not feel that I am the right person to provide information on your leadership skills. ⑤ I would encourage you to request a reference letter from those teachers with whom you have had the most opportunity to demonstrate those skills. ⑥ I am sure many teachers would be willing to provide letters for you. ⑦ Good luck with your scholarship.
① Future Leaders 장학금 신청용 추천서를 써 달라고 요구하는 당신의 편지를 받고 반가웠습니다. ② 당신의 물리 교사로서 나는 당신의 학문적 능력에 대해 분명히 높이 평가하여 말할 수 있습니다. ③ 내가 담당하는 학급에서 당신의 성적은 일관되게 A와 B를 기록하였습니다. ④ 그렇지만, 이번이 내가 당신을 학급에서 가르친 첫 번째 학기이므로, 내가 당신의 지도력에 대한 정보를 제공할 적절한 사람이라고 생각하지는 않습니다. ⑤ 당신이 그러한 능력을 보여줄 기회가 가장 많았던 교사들에게 추천서를 써 달라고 요청할 것을 권하고 싶습니다. ⑥ 많은 교사들이 기꺼이 당신을 위해서 추천서를 써 줄 것이라고 확신합니다. ⑦ 당신의 장학금 신청에 좋은 결과가 있기를 바랍니다.
1093-19
① There was a girl who grew flowers in New Jersey and sometimes took flowers to customers on Staten Island. ② To get there, she had to go over a bridge paying a toll of $2.50. ③ One day, as she was approaching the toll booth, she saw a toll booth attendant who reminded her of her mother. ④ As she reached in her pocket, she found she had no money but a half dollar. ⑤ Not knowing what to do, she handed the coin to her and asked nervously, "Want to buy a fresh red rose?" ⑥ The attendant looked surprised at first, but glancing at the cars piling up behind her, she took two dollars from her purse and rang it up on the cash register. ⑦ "Yes, I'll take it," she said with a smile. ⑧ "And I suppose the price is two dollars even, right?"
① New Jersey에서 꽃을 기르며 때때로 Staten Island에 있는 고객들에게 꽃을 가져다주는 어떤 소녀가 있었다. ② 그곳으로 가려면, 그녀는 2달러 50센트의 통행료를 지불하고 다리를 건너가야 했다. ③ 어느 날 그녀가 통행료 징수소에 가까워지고 있을 때, 그녀는 그녀에게 자신의 어머니가 생각나게 하는 통행료 징수소 직원을 보았다. ④ 그녀가 그녀의 주머니를 뒤져 보았을 때, 그녀는 자신에게 돈이 50센트밖에 없다는 것을 발견했다. ⑤ 어찌할 바를 모르고, 그녀는 그 동전을 그녀에게 주고, 불안해하면서 다음과 같이 물었다, "싱싱한 빨간 장미를 사시겠어요?" ⑥ 처음에 그 직원은 놀랐으나, 그녀 뒤에 차들이 줄지어 밀려 있는 것을 보고서, 그녀는 자신의 지갑에서 2달러를 꺼내서 현금 등록기에 넣었다. ⑦ "예, 사겠어요", 그녀는 미소를 지으며 말했다. ⑧ "그런데 내 생각에 가격이 딱 2달러이겠군요, 맞죠?"
1093-20
① The phrase, 'jack-of-all-trades' is a shortened version of 'jack of all trades and master of none.' ② It refers to those who claim to be proficient at countless tasks, but cannot perform a single one of them well. ③ The phrase was first used in England at the start of the Industrial Revolution. ④ A large number of efficiency experts set up shop in London, advertising themselves as knowledgeable about every type of new manufacturing process, trade, and business. ⑤ For a substantial fee, they would impart their knowledge to their clients. ⑥ But it soon became evident that their knowledge was limited and of no practical value. ⑦ Doubtful industrialists started calling these self-appointed experts 'jacks of all trades and masters of none.' ⑧ These experts are still with us, and as a result so is the phrase.
① 'jack-of-all-trades(만물박사)'라는 말은 'jack of all trades and master of none(모든 일을 다 잘하지만 정말 잘하는 것은 없는 사람)'이 축약된 형태이다. ② 그것은 수많은 업무에 능숙하다고 주장하지만, 그것들 중 한 가지도 잘 수행하지 못하는 사람들을 가리킨다. ③ 이 말은 산업혁명이 시작될 때에 영국에서 처음 사용되었다. ④ 많은 수의 효율성 전문가들이 모든 유형의 새로운 제조 과정, 무역, 사업에 대해 잘 알고 있다고 자신들을 광고하면서 런던에 사무소를 차렸다. ⑤ 상당한 액수의 비용을 받고, 그들은 자신들의 지식을 고객들에게 알려주곤 했다. ⑥ 하지만 얼마 안 가서 그들의 지식은 제한되어 있으며 현실적으로 아무런 가치가 없다는 사실이 분명해졌다. ⑦ 의심을 품게 된 생산업자들은 이러한 자칭 전문가라고 주장하는 사람들을 'jacks of all trades and masters of none'이라고 부르기 시작했다. ⑧ 이러한 전문가들은 아직도 우리 주변에 있으며, 그 결과 이 말 또한 우리 곁에 있다.
1093-21
① Mr. Potter was sailing for Europe on one of the greatest transatlantic ocean liners. ② When he went on board, he found another passenger was to share the cabin with him. ③ After going to see the accommodations, he came up to the purser's desk and inquired if he could leave his valuables in the ship's safe. ④ Mr. Potter explained that ordinarily he never availed himself of that privilege, but he had been to his cabin and had met the man who was to occupy the other bed. ⑤ Judging from his appearance, he was afraid that he might not be a very trustworthy person. ⑥ The purser accepted the responsibility for the valuables and remarked , "It's all right. ⑦ I'll be very glad to take care of them for you. ⑧ The other man has been up here and left his valuables for the same reason!"
① Potter 씨가 아주 큰 대서양 횡단 정기 여객선을 타고 유럽으로 가고 있었다. ② 배에 탔을 때, 그는 다른 한 명의 승객이 자신과 선실을 함께 사용하게 될 거라는 사실을 알게 되었다. ③ 숙박시설을 살펴본 후에, 그는 선박의 사무장의 자리로 와서 자신의 귀중품들을 배의 금고에 보관해 둘 수 있겠느냐고 물었다. ④ Potter 씨는 평소에는 그러한 특권을 전혀 이용하지 않지만, 자신의 선실에 갔었는데 다른 한 쪽 침대를 사용할 남자를 만났다고 설명했다. ⑤ 그의 외모로 판단하건대, 그다지 신뢰할 만한 사람이 아닐지도 모른다는 사실이 그는 두려웠다. ⑥ 선박의 사무장은 귀중품 보관 책임을 받아들이면서 다음과 같이 말했다, "괜찮습니다. ⑦ 손님을 위해서 기꺼이 그것들을 보관해 드릴게요. ⑧ 다른 한 분도 여기에 와서 그와 똑같은 이유로 자신의 귀중품들을 맡겨 놓았답니다."
1093-22
① Geothermal heat, generated inside the Earth, helps keep the temperature of the ground at a depth of several meters at a nearly constant temperature of about 10°C to 20°C. ② This constant temperature can be used to cool and heat buildings by using a heat pump. ③ A heat pump contains a water-filled loop of pipe, which is buried to a depth where the temperature is nearly constant. ④ In summer, warm water from the building is pumped through the pipe down into the ground, since the underground temperature is lower than the air temperature. ⑤ The water cools and then is pumped back to the building where it absorbs more heat, and the cycle is repeated.
① 지구 내부에서 발생하는 지열은 수 미터 깊이 땅의 온도를 10℃에서 20℃ 정도의 거의 일정한 온도로 유지하는 데 도움이 된다. ② 열펌프를 사용함으로써 이러한 일정한 온도가 건물을 시원하게 하거나 따뜻하게 하는 데 이용될 수 있다. ③ 열펌프는 물로 채워진 고리 모양의 파이프를 포함하는데, 이러한 파이프가 온도가 거의 일정한 깊이에 묻히게 된다. ④ 여름에는 땅 속의 온도가 공기의 온도보다 더 낮으므로, 건물에서 나온 따뜻한 물이 펌프를 통해 땅 속으로 보내진다. ⑤ 물이 냉각되고 그런 다음에 펌프에 의해 다시 건물로 보내지는데, 거기서 물은 더 많은 열을 흡수하게 되며, 순환 주기가 되풀이된다.
1093-23
① Comparing yourself with others is natural and can be motivational. ② However, too much of it leads to envy, especially if you're ungenerous toward yourself. ③ Instead, try measuring your present self against your past self. ④ When I asked a salesperson to map his sales performance, he was amazed to see that he had achieved a 5% to 10% annual increase in sales while at his firm. ⑤ This made him feel more self-confident and lessened his resentment toward his colleagues. ⑥ If you feel threatened every time a perceived rival does well, remind yourself of your own strengths and successes.
① 당신 자신을 다른 사람들과 비교하는 것은 자연스러운 일이며 동기 유발이 될 수 있다. ② 그렇지만, 그것이 너무 지나치면, 특히 자신에 대해 관대하지 않은 경우에는 질투심이 생기게 될 수 있다. ③ 대신에, 현재의 당신 자신을 과거의 자신과 대비하여 측정해 보라. ④ 내가 어떤 영업사원에게 그의 판매 실적을 조사해 보라고 요청했을 때, 그는 회사에 근무하는 동안에 자신의 판매 실적이 해마다 5퍼센트에서 10퍼센트 정도 증가했다는 사실을 알고는 놀랐다. ⑤ 이것으로 인해 그는 더 많은 자신감을 갖게 되었으며, 자신의 동료들에 대한 적개심을 줄이게 되었다. ⑥ 라이벌로 생각하는 사람이 잘 해낼 때마다 위협을 느낀다면, 당신의 장점들과 당신이 거둔 성공들에 대해 생각하라.
1093-24
① Michael dared to look inside the window, but from the deep shadow of the trees and the gloom within, he could not clearly make out the objects within. ② Although every nerve in his body cautioned otherwise, he slowly pushed open the door. ③ The door creaked as it swung back. ④ As he carefully took a step inside, the door slammed shut. ⑤ Michael's futile attempts to open the door only increased his panic. ⑥ He tried to calm his thundering heart by repeating to himself, "I am not afraid. ⑦ I am not afraid," but to no avail. ⑧ He suddenly felt an uneasy darkness consume him from within. ⑨ He opened his mouth to call for help, but his words failed him.
① Michael은 용기를 내어 창문 안을 들여다보았지만 짙은 나무 그림자와 내부의 어둠으로 인하여 내부의 사물을 명확하게 판별할 수 없었다. ② 그의 몸의 모든 신경이 그러지 말라고 경고를 하고 있음에도 불구하고 그는 천천히 문을 열었다. ③ 문은 삐걱거리는 소리를 내며 돌았다. ④ 그가 조심스럽게 안으로 한 발짝 들어가자 문은 세게 닫혔다. ⑤ Michael의 문을 열고자 했던 헛된 노력은 그에게 공포심을 증가시킬 뿐이었다. ⑥ 그는 "난 두렵지 않아. ⑦ 두렵지 않다고"라고 혼잣말을 되풀이함으로써 쿵쾅거리는 마음을 진정시키려고 노력했으나, 헛된 일이었다. ⑧ 그는 갑자기 불안한 어둠이 그의 마음을 속으로부터 빼앗아 가고 있다는 느낌을 받았다. ⑨ 그는 도움을 요청하기 위해 입을 열었으나, 말이 나오질 않았다.
1093-25
① Errors and failures typically corrupt all human designs. ② Indeed, the failure of a single component of your car's engine could force you to call for a tow truck. ③ Similarly, a tiny wiring error in your computer's circuits can mean throwing the whole computer out. ④ Natural systems are different, though. ⑤ Throughout Earth's history, an estimated 3 million to 100 million species have disappeared, which means that this year somewhere between three and a hundred species will vanish. ⑥ However, such natural extinctions appear to cause little harm. ⑦ Over millions of years the ecosystem has developed an amazing insensitivity to errors and failures, surviving even such drastic events as the impact of the Yucatan meteorite, which killed tens of thousands of species.
① 일반적으로 실수와 실패는 인간의 모든 설계들을 못 쓰게 만든다. ② 실제로 자동차 엔진 부품 중 단 하나만이라도 고장 나면 당신은 견인트럭을 불러야 할 것이다. ③ 마찬가지로 컴퓨터 회로의 배선에 있어서 작은 실수 때문에 컴퓨터 전체를 내버려야 할 수 있다. ④ 하지만 자연계는 다르다. ⑤ 지구 역사 전체에 걸쳐서 300만에서 1억에 이르는 종이 사라졌다고 추측되며, 이는 올해 어딘가에서 3에서 100에 이르는 종이 사라질 것임을 의미한다. ⑥ 그러나 그러한 자연의 멸종은 거의 해를 끼치지 않는 것 같다. ⑦ 수백 만 년 이상 동안 생태계는 실수와 잘못에 대한 놀라울 정도의 무감각을 발휘하여, 수만 종을 파멸시켰던 유카탄에 떨어진 운석의 충격 같은 극단적인 사건에서도 살아남았다.
1093-26
① Unlike deviance in other settings, deviance in sports often involves an unquestioned acceptance of and extreme conformity to norms and expectations. ② For example, most North Americans see playing football as a positive activity. ③ Young men are encouraged to 'be all they can be' as football players and to live by slogans such as There is no 'I' in t-e-a-m. ④ They are encouraged to increase their weight and strength, so that they can play more effectively and contribute to the success of their teams. ⑤ When young men go too far in their acceptance of expectations to become bigger and stronger, when they are so committed to playing football and improving their skills on the field that they use muscle-building drugs, they become deviant. ⑥ This type of 'overdoing-it-deviance' is dangerous, but it is grounded in completely different social dynamics from the dynamics that occur in the 'antisocial deviance' enacted by alienated young people who reject commonly accepted rules and expectations.
① 다른 분야에서의 일탈과는 달리 스포츠에서의 일탈은 종종 규범과 기대에 대한 아무런 의심 없는 수용과 극단적인 순응을 수반한다. ② 예를 들어, 대부분의 북아메리카 인들은 미식축구 경기에 참여하는 것을 적극적 활동으로 간주한다. ③ 젊은 사람들은 미식축구 선수로서 자신의 최고의 모습을 보이고, "팀에 '나'라는 존재는 없다"라는 말과 같은 슬로건으로 살아가도록 격려 받는다. ④ 그들은 체중과 힘을 증가시켜서 좀 더 효과적으로 경기를 하고 팀의 성공에 기여하라고 격려 받는다. ⑤ 젊은 사람들이 좀 더 몸집이 커지고 힘이 세어지리라는 기대를 지나칠 정도로 수용하게 될 때, 그들이 경기장에서 미식축구 경기를 하는 것과 기술을 향상시키는 것에 지나칠 정도로 전념하여 근육을 형성하는 약물을 복용하게 될 때, 그들은 일탈하게 된다. ⑥ 이러한 유형의 '과잉 행동 일탈'은 위험한 것이지만, 그것은 일반적으로 받아들여지는 규칙과 기대를 거부하는 소외된 젊은 사람들에 의해 이루어지는 '반사회적 일탈'에서 발생하는 역학과는 완전히 다른 사회적 역학에 근거한다.
1093-27
① Time pressure leads to frustration, and when we are frustrated or experience other negative emotions, our thinking becomes narrower and less creative. ② However, people are unaware of this phenomenon and live under the illusion that when they are experiencing time pressure, they are also more creative. ③ This explains why time pressure is pervasive and to some extent accounts for the increase in rates of depression. ④ We are generally too busy trying to squeeze more and more activities into less and less time. ⑤ Consequently, we fail to enjoy potential sources of happiness that may be all around us. ⑥ To enjoy the richness that life has to offer, we need to take our time.
① 시간적 압박은 좌절감을 가져오며, 우리가 좌절감을 느끼거나 다른 부정적 감정을 경험할 때 우리의 사고는 점점 더 좁아지고 창의력이 떨어지게 된다. ② 그러나 사람들은 이러한 현상을 지각하지 못하여, 시간적 압박을 느끼고 있을 때 창의력이 높아진다는 허상을 갖고 살아간다. ③ 이는 시간적 압박이 널리 퍼지게 된 이유를 설명하고, 우울함의 속도 상승을 어느 정도 설명해 준다. ④ 전체적으로 우리는 보다 짧은 시간에 보다 많은 활동을 짜내려고 애쓰느라 너무나도 바쁘다. ⑤ 그 결과 우리는 우리 주변 어디에나 있을 수 있는 행복의 잠재적 출처들을 누리지 못한다. ⑥ 삶이 제공해야 하는 풍요로움을 누리기 위해 우리는 시간적 여유를 가질 필요가 있다.
1093-28
① With no attempt there can be no failure and with no failure no humiliation. ② So our self-esteem in this world depends entirely on what we back ourselves to be and do. ③ It is determined by the ratio of our actualities to our supposed potentialities. ④ Thus, success divided by pretensions equals self-esteem. ⑤ This illustrates how every rise in our levels of expectation entails a rise in the dangers of humiliation. ⑥ What we understand to be normal is critical in determining our chances of happiness. ⑦ It also hints at two ways for raising our self-esteem. ⑧ On the one hand, we may try to achieve more; and on the other, we may reduce the number of things we want to achieve. ⑨ The advantages of the latter approach lie in the following statement: To give up pretensions is as blessed a relief as to get them gratified.
① 아무런 시도가 없으면 어떠한 실패도 없으며, 아무런 실패가 없으면 어떠한 굴욕도 있을 수 없다. ② 그러므로 이 세상에서의 우리의 자부심은 전적으로 우리가 스스로에게 되라고 그리고 하라고 후원하는 것에 달려있다. ③ 그것은 우리가 가상하는 잠재력에 대한 우리의 현실의 비율에 의해 결정된다. ④ 그러므로 성공을 가식으로 나눈 것이 자부심과 같은 것이다. ⑤ 이는 우리의 기대 수준의 모든 상승이 굴욕의 위험성의 상승을 가져오는 방식을 설명한다. ⑥ 우리가 평범하다고 이해하는 것이 우리의 행복 가능성을 결정함에 있어서 중요한 것이다. ⑦ 한편으로 우리는 보다 많은 것을 성취하려고 노력할 수 있고, 다른 한편으로 우리는 성취하기를 바라는 것들의 수를 줄일 수 있다. ⑧ 후자의 접근방식이 갖는 장점은 다음과 같이 "가식을 포기하는 것이 만족감을 느끼게 하는 것만큼이나 행복한 위안이 된다. ⑨ "는 말에 들어 있다.
1093-29
① For many people 'nature' is defined as a negative: It exists where people do not. ② Nature lies outside the urban and agricultural realms, in regions of Earth where natural processes are unhindered. ③ Nature is where fallen logs rot and acorns grow, wildfires turn woodlands into meadows, and barrier islands shift with the currents ― all without human interference. ④ By extension, this definition suggests that nature is best protected by keeping humans far away, so that it can continue to run itself. ⑤ But there is a serious problem with this view. ⑥ If nature is defined as a landscape uninfluenced by humankind, then there is no nature on the planet at all. ⑦ Prehistoric peoples changed their surrounding ecosystems, whether by installing orchards in the Amazon or by hunting many large mammals to extinction in North America. ⑧ And modern humans are changing the global environment even more profoundly, whether through planet-wide climate change, or by the worldwide movement of synthetic chemicals through the food chain.
① 많은 사람들에게 '자연'은 부정적인 것으로 규정되어, 그것은 사람이 존재하지 않는 곳에 존재한다. ② 자연은 도시와 농촌 지역 외부에, 다시 말해 자연의 과정이 방해받지 않는 지구의 지역에 존재한다. ③ 자연은 쓰러진 통나무가 썩는 곳과 도토리가 자라는 곳, 산불이 삼림지대를 초원으로 바꾸는 곳, 그리고 보초 섬이 해류와 함께 이동하는 곳―인간의 간섭이 없는 모든 곳―에 존재한다. ④ 더 나아가 이러한 정의는 자연은 인간을 멀리 떨어지게 하여 계속 자체의 모습을 유지하게 함으로써 가장 잘 보호될 수 있음을 암시한다. ⑤ 그러나 이러한 관점에는 심각한 문제가 있다. ⑥ 자연이 인류에 의해 영향을 받지 않는 경치로 정의된다면, 지구상에 자연은 전혀 존재하지 않게 된다. ⑦ 선사시대의 사람들은 아마존에 과수원을 조성하는 방식으로든 또는 북아메리카에서 많은 커다란 포유동물을 사냥하여 멸종시키는 방식으로든 자신을 에워싸는 생태계를 변화시켰다. ⑧ 그리고 현대 인류는 지구 전역의 기후 변화를 통해서든 인공 화합물을 먹이사슬을 통해 세계 전역으로 이동시킴에 의해서든 지구의 환경을 훨씬 더 깊이 변화시키고 있다.
1093-30
① The most obvious salient feature of moral agents is a capacity for rational thought. ② This is an uncontested necessary condition for any form of moral agency, since we all accept that people who are incapable of reasoned thought cannot be held morally responsible for their actions. ③ However, if we move beyond this uncontroversial salient feature of moral agents, then the most salient feature of actual flesh-and-blood (as opposed to ridiculously idealized) individual moral agents is surely the fact that every moral agent brings multiple perspectives to bear on every moral problem situation. ④ That is, there is no one-size-fits-all answer to the question "What are the basic ways in which moral agents wish to affect others?" ⑤ Rather, moral agents wish to affect 'others' in different ways depending upon who these 'others' are.
① 도덕적 행위자로서의 인간의 가장 명백한 두드러진 특징은 이성적인 사고를 할 수 있는 능력이다. ② 이성적인 사고를 할 수 없는 사람들은 그들의 행동에 대해 도덕적인 책임을 질 수 없다고 우리 모두 받아들이기 때문에 이것은 어떤 유형의 도덕적 행위자로서의 인간에게 있어서도 논쟁의 여지가 없이 필요한 조건이다. ③ 하지만 이렇게 논란의 여지가 없는 두드러진 특징을 넘어서면, (터무니없이 이상적인 것과는 대조적으로) 실제로 현재 살아 있는 도덕적 행위자로서의 인간 각자의 가장 두드러진 특징은 분명히 어떤 도덕적인 문제가 있는 상황에서도 도덕적 행위자로서의 인간이라면 누구든지 지니고 있는 다양한 견해를 제시한다는 사실이다. ④ 즉, "도덕적 행위자로서의 인간이 다른 사람들에게 영향을 미치는 기본적인 방법은 무엇인가"라는 질문에 대해 두루 적용되도록 만들어진 답은 없다. ⑤ 오히려, 도덕적 행위자로서의 인간은 이러한 "다른 사람들이" 누구냐에 따라서 다른 방식으로 "다른 사람들"에게 영향을 미치기를 바란다.
1093-31
① When it comes to food choices, young people are particularly vulnerable to peer influences. ② A teenage girl may eat nothing but a lettuce salad for lunch, even though she will become hungry later, because that is what her friends are eating. ③ A slim boy who hopes to make the wrestling team may routinely overload his plate with foods that are dense in carbohydrates and proteins to 'bulk up' like the wrestlers of his school. ④ An overweight teen may eat moderately while around his friends but then devour huge portions when alone. ⑤ Few young people are completely free of food-related pressures from peers, whether or not these pressures are imposed intentionally.
① 음식을 선택하는 데 있어서 젊은 사람들은 특히 또래의 영향에 취약하다. ② 십대의 소녀는 상추 샐러드가 그녀의 친구들이 먹는 것이기 때문에 나중에 배가 고플지라도 점심으로 상추 샐러드만 먹을지도 모른다. ③ 레슬링 팀을 만들고 싶어 하는 호리호리한 소년은 자기 학교의 레슬링 선수들처럼 '몸집을 불리기' 위해 판에 박힌 듯이 자기 접시를 탄수화물과 단백질이 많은 음식으로 가득 채울지 모른다. ④ 과체중의 십대는 주변에 친구들이 있을 때는 적당히 먹을지 모르지만, 혼자 있게 되면 많은 양을 게걸스럽게 먹게 된다. ⑤ 음식과 관련된 압박이 의도적으로 강요된 것이든 혹은 그렇지 않든 또래들로부터 그러한 압박에서 완전히 자유로운 젊은 사람들은 거의 없다.
1093-32
① It is said that although people laugh in the same way, they don't necessarily laugh at the same things. ② If this is true of a single community, it is even more true of people who live in different societies, because the topics that people find amusing, and the occasions that are regarded as appropriate for joking, can vary enormously from one society to the next. ③ Some styles of humor with silly actions are guaranteed to raise a laugh everywhere. ④ But because of their reliance on shared assumptions, most jokes travel very badly. ⑤ This is particularly noticeable in the case of jokes that involve a play on words. ⑥ They are difficult, and in some cases virtually impossible to translate into other languages. ⑦ Therefore, this is why people's attempts to tell jokes to foreigners are so often met with blank stares.
① 사람들이 똑같은 방식으로 웃지만, 그들이 반드시 똑같은 것에 대해 웃는 것은 아니라고 이야기된다. ② 이것이 단일 공동체에 적용된다면, 그것은 다양한 사회에서 사는 사람들에게는 훨씬 더 많이 적용된다, 왜냐하면 사람들이 재미있다고 느끼는 주제와 농담을 하기에 적절하다고 여기는 경우가 문화마다 매우 다양할 수 있기 때문이다. ③ 바보 같아 보이는 행동과 관련된 어떤 스타일의 유머는 어느 곳에서든지 웃음을 자아내는 것으로 보장된다. ④ 그러나 공유되는 가정에 대한 의존 때문에 대부분의 농담은 매우 잘(→ 형편없이) 전해진다. ⑤ 이것은 특히 언어의 유희가 포함된 농담의 경우에서 눈에 띈다. ⑥ 그러한 농담은 어려운데, 사실 어떤 경우에는 다른 언어로 번역하기가 불가능하다. ⑦ 그래서 이러한 이유 때문에 외국인에게 농담을 말하려는 사람들의 시도가 아주 종종 멍하니 응시하는 것에 부딪치게 된다.
1093-33
① Many grocery stores give the shopper the option of paper or plastic grocery bags. ② Many people instinctively say that paper is less harmful to the environment ― after all, paper is biodegradable and recyclable. ③ In contrast, most plastic is manufactured using oil by-products and natural gas. ④ Plastic is not always easily or economically recyclable, and once manufactured, plastic may last virtually indefinitely. ⑤ Yet in the United States, paper products are the single largest component of municipal waste. ⑥ Even though paper products may theoretically be biodegradable, in most landfills, they do not biodegrade. ⑦ Furthermore, paper production emits air pollution, specifically 70 percent more pollution than the production of plastic bags. ⑧ And consider that making paper uses trees that could be absorbing carbon dioxide. ⑨ The paper bag making process also results in three times more water pollutants than making plastic bags.
① 많은 식료품점에는 쇼핑객들에게 식료품용으로 종이봉투나 비닐봉투를 선택하도록 한다. ② 많은 사람들은 종이가 환경에 덜 해롭다고 본능적으로 말한다 - 결국 종이는 생물 분해성이 있고 재활용할 수 있다. ③ 대조적으로, 대부분의 비닐은 석유 부산물과 천연 가스를 사용해서 제조된다. ④ 비닐은 항상 쉽게 경제적으로 재활용할 수 있는 것은 아니며 일단 제조되면 사실상 영구적이다. ⑤ 하지만 미국에서 종이 제품은 도시 쓰레기 중에서 단일 구성 요소로는 가장 많다. ⑥ 종이 제품이 이론적으로는 생물 분해성이 있다고 할지라도, 대부분의 쓰레기 매립지에서 그것이 자연 분해되는 것은 아니다. ⑦ 더욱이, 종이 생산에는 특히 비닐 봉투를 생산할 때보다 70퍼센트 더 많은 공기 오염이 수반된다. ⑧ 그리고 종이를 만드는 데는 이산화탄소를 흡수할 수 있는 나무를 사용한다는 점을 고려하라. ⑨ 종이봉투 제작 과정에는 또한 비닐봉투 제작보다 세 배나 더 많은 수질 오염 물질이 생긴다.
1093-34
① While predictions about the future are always difficult, one can be made with certainty. ② People will find themselves in large numbers of interactions where intercultural communication skills will be essential. ③ There are several reasons for such prediction. ④ Some reasons include increasing amounts of contact brought on by overseas assignments in the business world, the movement of college students spending time in other countries, and increasing amounts of international travel among tourists. ⑤ Others relate to social changes within any one large and complex nation: affirmative action, the movement of immigrants and refugees, bilingual education programs, and movement away from the goal that ethnic minorities become a part of a 'melting pot.' ⑥ Therefore, it is essential that people research the cultures and communication conventions of those whom they propose to meet in the future.
① 미래에 대한 예측은 항상 어렵지만 한 가지는 확실히 할 수 있다. ② 사람들은 이종(異種) 문화 간의 의사소통이 필수적인 수많은 상호작용 속에서 스스로를 발견할 것이다. ③ 그러한 예측에는 몇 가지 이유가 있다. ④ 몇 가지 이유에는 비즈니스 세계에서 해외 업무로 인해 생기는 계약의 증가, 다른 나라에서 시간을 보내는 대학생들의 이동, 여행객들 사이에서 해외여행의 증가 등이 포함된다. ⑤ 다른 이유들은 크고 복잡한 어떤 한 나라에서의 소수민족 차별 철폐 조치, 이주자와 난민의 이동, 2개 언어 병용 교육 프로그램, 소수 민족 집단이 '용광로'의 한 부분이 되는 목표로부터 멀어지는 움직임과 같은 사회적인 변화와 관련된다. ⑥ 그러므로 사람들이 미래에 만나려고 꾀하는 사람들의 문화와 의사소통상의 관습을 연구하는 것은 필수적이다.
1093-35
① A famous psychiatrist was leading a symposium on the methods of getting patients to open up about themselves. ② The psychiatrist challenged his colleagues with a boast: "I'll bet that my technique will enable me to get a new patient to talk about the most private things during the first session without my having to ask a question." ③ What was his magic formula? ④ Simply this: He began the session by revealing to the patient something personal about himself ― secrets with which the patient might damage the doctor by breaking the confidence. ⑤ As he was 'maskless,' patients began to talk about their lives. ⑥ They opened themselves up to him because he had become an open-minded person himself, and openness evoked openness. ⑦ The same principle applies to all human relationships. ⑧ If you dare to take the initiative in self-revelation, the other person is much more likely to reveal secrets to you.
① 한 유명한 정신과 의사가 환자들로 하여금 자기 자신에 대해 마음을 터놓게 하는 방법에 관한 심포지엄을 이끌고 있었다. ② 그 정신과 의사는 "내가 내 기술로, 질문할 필요도 없이 첫 번째 세션 중에 새로운 한 환자로 하여금 가장 사적인 것들에 대해 이야기하도록 할 수 있다고 확신합니다"라고 큰소리를 치면서 동료들의 도전 의식을 북돋았다. ③ 그의 마법의 공식은 무엇인가? ④ 간단히 하면 다음과 같다: 그는 자신에 관한 사적인 것 즉, 그 환자가 신뢰를 깸으로써 그에게 해를 입힐 수도 있는 비밀을 그 환자에게 드러냄으로써 세션을 시작했다. ⑤ 그가 '가면을 벗으면서' 환자들은 자기들의 삶에 대해 이야기하기 시작했다. ⑥ 그 스스로가 허심탄회한 사람이 되어 있었기 때문에 그들은 그에게 마음을 터놓았고, 마음이 열림으로써 더더욱 마음이 열렸다. ⑦ 동일한 원칙이 모든 인간관계에 적용된다. ⑧ 당신이 용기를 내어 솔선하여 자기 자신을 드러내면, 다른 사람도 당신에게 비밀을 훨씬 더 잘 드러낼 것이다.
1093-36
① The bar graph above shows the familiarity of the respondents with five prominent social media in 2007 and 2008. ② According to the graph, the social media that was the most familiar in 2007 was blogging. ③ In the following year, social networking became the most familiar social media. ④ Video blogging, which was the least familiar social media in 2007, showed the biggest increase in familiarity among the three media that showed an increase from 2007 to 2008. ⑤ Wikis showed a bigger decrease in familiarity than podcasting from 2007 to 2008. ⑥ In 2008, podcasting and wikis were the least familiar social media.
① 위 막대그래프는 2007년과 2008년에 다섯 개의 유명한 소셜 매체에 대한 응답자의 친숙도를 보여준다. ② 위 그래프에 의하면, 2007년에 가장 친숙했던 소셜 매체는 블로깅이었다. ③ 다음 해에, 소셜 네트워킹이 가장 친숙한 소셜 매체가 되었다. ④ 2007년에 가장 덜 친숙한 소셜 매체였던 영상 블로깅은 2007년에서 2008년까지 증가를 보여주었던 세 매체 중에서 가장 큰 친숙도의 증가를 보여주었다. ⑤ 위키스는 친숙도에 있어서 2007년에서 2008년까지 팟캐스팅보다 더 큰 감소를 보여주었다. ⑥ 2008년에 팟캐스팅과 위키스는 가장 덜 친숙한 소셜 매체였다.
1093-37
① During the early 1980s, a team of Italian scientists carried out a series of studies under a variety of circumstances on the ticklishness of people. ② The researchers found that people seem to have one foot that is more ticklish than the other ― and for most people it is the right. ③ The experiment was repeated in 1998 using a special way that a pointed nylon rod was stroked across the bottom of the foot three times at intervals of a second. ④ After applying it to thirty-four people, the researchers confirmed the original finding and pushed back the frontiers of knowledge still further by showing that males were more ticklish than females. ⑤ One suggested explanation is that the left side of the brain, which detects stimuli applied to the right foot, is associated with positive emotions such as laughter.
① 1980년대 초반, 한 이탈리아 과학자 팀이 다양한 상황 하에서의 사람들의 간지럼에 대한 일련의 연구를 수행했다. ② 연구원들은 사람들이 다른 발보다 더 간지럼을 타는 발이 있는 것 같아 보이며, 대부분의 사람들에게 있어서 그것은 오른발이라는 것을 발견했다. ③ 그 실험은 뾰족한 나일론 막대가 1초씩 간격을 두고 세 번 발바닥을 가로질러 쓰다듬어지는 특별한 방법을 사용하여 1998년에 반복되었다. ④ 34명에게 그것을 적용한 후, 연구원들은 원래의 발견을 확인했고, 남성이 여성보다 더 간지럼을 탄다는 것을 보여줌으로써 그 정보의 지평을 한층 더 확장했다. ⑤ 제안된 한 설명은 오른발에 적용되는 자극을 감지하는 뇌의 왼쪽 면이 웃음과 같은 긍정적인 감정과 연관되어 있다는 것이다.
1093-38
① Buffon was a famous zoologist and botanist during the reign of the French monarch Louis XVI. ② Buffon stocked the park at Versailles with wild animals. ③ He also expanded the botanical garden on the Left Bank in Paris. ④ And with the confidence that goes with being a great collector, he began writing a comprehensive natural history of the world. ⑤ In that work, Buffon expressed the biased opinion that native animals of the New World are smaller than those of Europe, that there are fewer species of animals in America, and that even domesticated species of European animals diminished in size and vigor upon crossing the Atlantic. ⑥ Obviously, his opinions were not well-received and were severely criticized in America.
① Buffon은 프랑스의 루이 16세 군주 통치시절의 유명한 동물학자이자 식물학자이다. ② Buffon은 베르사유의 공원에 야생 동물들을 들여놓았다. ③ 그는 또한 파리의 Left Bank에 있는 식물원을 확장했다. ④ 그리고 그는 위대한 수집가라는 사실에 어울리는 자신감으로 종합적인 세계 자연사에 관해 글을 쓰기 시작했다. ⑤ 그 작품에서 Buffon은 신세계(아메리카 대륙)의 토착 동물들은 유럽의 토착 동물보다 작으며, 아메리카의 동물 종의 수가 더 적고, 심지어 유럽의 길들여진 동물 종들도 대서양을 건너면서 크기와 힘이 줄어들었다는 편향된 의견을 표명했다. ⑥ 분명히, 그의 의견들은 환영받지 않았고 아메리카에서 혹독하게 비판을 받았다.
1093-39
① After an event, all one has are memories of it. ② Because most waits expect a desired outcome, it is the memory of the outcome that dominates, not the intermediate components. ③ If the overall outcome is pleasurable enough, any unpleasantness suffered along the way is minimized. ④ Terence Mitchell and Leigh Thompson call this 'rosy retrospection.' ⑤ Mitchell and his colleagues studied participants in a 12-day tour of Europe, students going home for Thanksgiving vacation and a three-week bicycle tour across California. ⑥ In all of these cases, the results were similar. ⑦ Before an event, people looked forward with positive anticipation. ⑧ Afterward, they remembered fondly. ⑨ During? ⑩ Well, reality seldom lives up to expectations, so plenty of things go wrong. ⑪ As memory takes over, however, the unpleasantness fades and the good parts remain, perhaps to intensify, and even get amplified beyond reality.
① 한 사건이 일어난 후에, 사람이 가지고 있는 모든 것은 그것에 대한 기억이다. ② 대부분의 기다림은 희망했던 결과를 예상하므로, 지배하는 것은 중간의 구성 요소가 아니라 결과에 대한 기억이다. ③ 만약 전반적인 결과가 충분히 유쾌하다면, 중간에 겪었던 어떠한 불쾌함은 최소화된다. ④ Terence Mitchell과 Leigh Thompson은 이것을 '장밋빛 회상'이라고 부른다. ⑤ Mitchell과 그의 동료들은 12일간의 유럽여행 참가자들과 추수감사절 휴가로 집에 가는 학생들, 그리고 캘리포니아를 가로지르는 3주간의자전거 여행을 연구했다. ⑥ 이 모든 경우에서, 결과는 비슷했다. ⑦ 사건이 일어나기 전에, 사람들은 긍정적인 기대로 미래를 바라보았다. ⑧ 나중에, 그들은 좋게 기억을 했다. ⑨ 도중에는? ⑩ 음, 현실은 좀처럼 기대에 부응하지 않으며, 너무 많은 것들이 어긋난다. ⑪ 그러나 기억이 장악하게 되면, 그 불쾌함은 사라지고 좋은 부분이 남으며, 그것은 아마도 더욱 강렬해져서, 심지어 현실을 넘어 확대가 된다.
1093-40
① Every day, it seems, we learn of an apology from a prominent figure in response to an indiscretion of some sort. ② Those in the public eye have an unfortunate tendency to apologize only after they have been found with a hand in the cookie jar. ③ When this happens, it is only natural for a skeptical public to wonder, "Are they apologizing for their conduct, or simply because they were caught?" ④ To make matters worse, the wrongdoer will often use the passive voice in his or her apology: "Mistakes were made," rather than, "I made a mistake." ⑤ It is more comfortable to use the passive voice here, but doing so relinquishes any sense of personal responsibility. ⑥ It is a non-apology and is not very meaningful.
① 매일, 우리는 저명인사들로부터 일종의 무분별함에 대한 반응으로 사과를 배우는 것 같다. ② 사람들의 주목을 받는 그들은 현장에서 들킨 이후에만 사과하는 유감스러운 경향을 가지고 있다. ③ 이런 일이 일어나면, 회의적인 일반인이 "그들이 그들의 행위에 대해 사과하고 있는 것일까, 아니면 단지 그들이 걸렸기 때문일까" 하고 궁금해 하는 것은 지극히 당연하다. ④ 설상가상으로, 그 옳지 못한 사람은 흔히 사과할 때, "내가 실수를 저질렀다"라기보다는 "실수란 만들어지는 것이다" 하는 식으로 수동적인 목소리를 사용할 것이다. ⑤ 여기서는 수동적인 목소리를 사용하는 것이 더 편안하지만, 그렇게 하는 것은 어떤 개인적인 책임감을 저버리는 것이다. ⑥ 그것은 사과가 아니며 그다지 큰 의미도 없다.
1093-41
① We can infer that there was prosperity in ancient Athens because this was a time that saw the planting of many olive trees. ② Since olive trees do not produce their fruits for about thirty years, their planting indicates that people were optimistic about the future. ③ The growth in the export of olive oil also encouraged the development of pottery, in which the oil was transported. ④ About 535 BC came the invention of red-figure vase painting. ⑤ Now the whole surface of the vase was blackened, with figures picked out in the natural red. ⑥ This allowed much more variety and realism. ⑦ And the prosperity brought about by the international trade in olive oil spread to the peasants and it was their rituals, with choral song and mimic dancing, that formed the basis of early theater.
① 고대 아테네는 많은 올리브 나무를 심었던 시기였기 때문에 우리는 고대 아테네에는 번영이 있었다고 추론할 수 있다. ② 올리브 나무는 약 30년 동안 열매를 맺지 않기 때문에, 그것을 심는 것은 사람들이 미래에 대해서 낙관적이라는 것을 나타낸다. ③ 올리브유 수출의 증가 또한 그 기름이 운송된 곳의 도기류 발달을 촉진했다. ④ 기원전 535년경에 붉은 형상의 꽃병 그림의 발명이 있었다. ⑤ 이제 그 꽃병의 모든 표면이 자연스러운 붉은 색 속에서 쪼아낸 형상과 함께 검게 되었다. ⑥ 이는 훨씬 많은 다양함과 현실주의를 가능하게 했다. ⑦ 그리고 국제적인 올리브유 거래가 가져온 번영은 농민들에게도 퍼졌고, 초창기 극장의 토대를 형성한 것은 합창곡과 함께 흉내며 추는 단체 무용이 있는 그들의 의식이었다.
1093-42
① Until recently, it was generally assumed that the first humans took a northerly route to leave the African continent, walking into the Middle East and then spreading out from there. ② However, mtDNA analysis now suggests the exodus may have proceeded via a more southerly route. ③ In 2005, an international team of researchers announced that an isolated group living in Malaysia appeared to be the descendants of humans who left Africa around 65,000 years ago. ④ According to the researchers, climatic change underway at the time would have made a southerly route easier. ⑤ The genetic evidence suggests perhaps as few as several hundred individuals went first to India, then Southeast Asia and Australasia. ⑥ If correct, this would explain why humans appear to have reached Australia around 50,000 years ago, while the oldest human remains in Europe ― a jawbone found in Romania―are only around 35,000 years old.
① 최근까지 최초의 인류는 아프리카 대륙을 떠나기 위해 북쪽으로 가는 길을 택했고, 중동으로 걸어 들어가 거기서 뻗어 나갔다고 일반적으로 추정되었다. ② 하지만 현재 미토콘드리아 DNA 분석은 그 이동이 더 남쪽으로 가는 길을 통해 진행되었을지도 모른다는 것을 시사한다. ③ 2005년에 한 국제 연구 팀이 말레이시아에 사는 한 고립된 부족이 약 65,000년 전에 아프리카를 떠났던 인간들의 후손인 것처럼 보인다고 발표했다. ④ 그 연구원들에 의하면, 그 당시 진행 중이던 기후 변화가 남쪽으로 가는 길을 더 쉽게 만들었을 것이라고 한다. ⑤ 그 유전학적 증거는 아마도 겨우 몇 백 명 정도가 처음에 인도로, 그리고 동남아시아로, 그리고 호주로 갔을 것이라는 것을 시사한다. ⑥ 만약 이것이 옳다면, 이는 유럽에 있는 가장 오래된 인간의 유적인 루마니아에서 발견된 턱뼈가 약 35,000년 밖에 되지 않는 데 반해, 왜 인간이 약 50,000년 전에 호주에 도착했던 것처럼 보이는지를 설명해 줄 것이다.
1093-43
① Even worse than reaching a conclusion with just a little evidence is the fallacy of reaching a conclusion without any evidence at all. ② Sometimes people mistake a separate event for a cause-and-effect relationship. ③ They see that 'A' happened before 'B', so they mistakenly assume that 'A' caused 'B'. ④ This is an error known in logic as a post hoc fallacy. ⑤ For example, suppose you see a man in a black jacket hurry into a bank. ⑥ You notice that he is nervously carrying his briefcase, and a few moments later you hear a siren. ⑦ You therefore leap to the conclusion that the man in the black jacket has robbed the bank. ⑧ However, such a leap tends to land far from the truth of the matter. ⑨ You have absolutely no evidence ― only a suspicion based on coincidence. ⑩ This is a post hoc fallacy.
① 단지 약간의 증거만을 가지고 결론에 도달하는 것보다 훨씬 더 나쁜 것은 전혀 어떤 증거도 없이 결론에 이르는 오류이다. ② 때때로 사람들은 분리된 사건을 인과관계로 오해한다. ③ (B) 그들은 A가 B보다 먼저 일어난 것을 보고, A가 B의 원인이었다는 잘못된 가정을 한다. ④ 이것은 논리학에서 인과 설정의 오류('이것 다음에, 그러므로 이것 때문에')라고 알려진 오류이다. ⑤ (C) 예를 들어, 당신은 검은 웃옷을 입은 사람이 은행으로 급히 들어가는 것을 본다고 가정해보자. ⑥ 당신은 그가 그의 가방을 초조하게 가지고 가는 것을 주시하고, 몇 분 있다가 사이렌 소리를 듣는다. ⑦ (A) 따라서 당신은 그 불길한 검은 웃옷을 입은 사람이 은행에서 강도질을 했다고 속단한다. ⑧ 그러나 그러한 비약은 그 문제의 진실과 거리가 먼 경향이 있다. ⑨ 당신은 단지 우연의 일치에 기초한 의심만 있을 뿐 증거가 전혀 없다. ⑩ 이것이 인과 설정의 오류이다.
1093-44
① Hopi religion features a ritual calendar that includes a large number of annually required ceremonies. ② In most cases, each ceremony is 'owned' by the members of a certain clan. ③ Every clan represented in a village has a clanhouse in which the masks and other sacred items used in the ceremonies are kept when not in use. ④ The clanhouse usually consists of a room adjoining the dwelling of the senior female member of the clan. ⑤ This woman is in charge of storing ritual equipment and of seeing to it that they are treated with the proper respect. ⑥ There is also a male head of each clan whose duties likewise are partly religious because he is in charge of the performance of ceremonies owned by his clan. ⑦ A male clan head passes his position down to either his younger brother or his sister's son. ⑧ In this way, culturally important ritual knowledge is kept within the clan.
① 호피족의 종교는 해마다 요구되는 많은 의식이 기재된 종교의식 달력으로 특징지어진다. ② 대부분의 경우, 각 의식은 특정 씨족의 일원들에 의해 주관된다. ③ 마을에 있는 모든 씨족은, 의식에 사용되는 가면과 다른 신성한 도구들을 쓰지 않을 때 보관해두는 씨족회관을 보유한다. ④ 씨족회관은 대개 씨족의 고참 여성이 사는 곳과 인접해 있는 방으로 이루어져 있다. ⑤ 이 여성은 제사 도구를 보관하고, 그 도구들이 적절한 경의를 받으며 다뤄지고 있는지를 보는 임무를 맡고 있다. ⑥ 또한 각 씨족의 남성 우두머리의 임무는 마찬가지로 부분적으로 종교적인데, 그 이유는 그가 씨족에 의해 주관되는 종교의식을 수행할 책임이 있기 때문이다. ⑦ 씨족의 남성 우두머리는 자신의 지위를 남동생이나 혹은 누이의 아들에게 물려준다. ⑧ 이런 식으로, 문화적으로 중요한 종교의식에 관련된 지식이 씨족 내에서 보존된다.
1093-45
① The information processing model emphasizes rational analysis for solving problems, with an emphasis on techniques for quickly arriving at a solution. ② Culturally, this orientation fits well with the kinds of mental attributes which are normally valued by contemporary Western societies. ③ For example, Westerners tend to admire someone who is independent and quick-thinking. ④ But these characteristics are not universally valued. ⑤ Agricultural African societies, for example, valued looking at the problem in the context of the whole society, noting its impact on various features of life. ⑥ In most situations, speed in arriving at a solution was not a vital issue. ⑦ This is also found with the Cree and Ojibway in Canada. ⑧ These groups historically lived in wilderness areas and faced many hardships;. ⑨ in these circumstances, they would rarely get a second chance at solving problems. ⑩ Consequently, these Native people value taking time to reflect on a problem and mentally walk through possible solutions before any action is taken.
① 정보처리 모델은 해결 방안에 빨리 도달하기 위한 기교에 역점을 두고, 문제 해결에 이성적 분석을 강조한다. ② 문화적으로는, 이러한 방향이 보통 현대 서구사회가 중요시하는 정신적 속성들과 잘 맞는다. ③ 예를 들어, 서양인들은 자립적이고 사고가 빠른 사람을 존경하는 경향이 있다. ④ 그러나 이러한 특징들은 어디에서나 중요시되지는 않는다. ⑤ 예를 들면 농경 아프리카 사회는 삶의 다양한 면에 끼치는 영향에 주목하면서, 사회 전체의 맥락에서 문제를 보는 것을 중요시한다. ⑥ 대부분의 상황에서는 해결방안에 도달하는 속도가 중요한 문제는 아니었다. ⑦ 이것은 캐나다의 크리 족과 오지브웨이 족에게서 또한 발견된다. ⑧ 이러한 부족들은 역사적으로 황무지에서 살았고 많은 역경을 겪었다. ⑨ 이러한 환경에서 그들은 문제 해결에 좀처럼 두 번의 기회를 거의 얻지 못했다. ⑩ 결과적으로 이러한 원주민들은 시간을 갖고 문제에 대해 심사숙고하고, 어떠한 조치가 취해지기 전에 가능한 해결책들을 마음속으로 검토해 보는 것을 중요시 한다.
1093-4647
① The other day an acquaintance of mine, a sociable and charming man, told me he had found himself unexpectedly 'alone' in New York for an hour or two between appointments. ② He went to the Whitney Museum and spent the 'empty' time looking at things by himself. ③ For him it proved to be a shock nearly as great as falling in love to discover that he could enjoy himself so much alone. ④ What had he been afraid of ? ⑤ I asked myself . ⑥ That, suddenly alone, he would discover that he bored himself, or that there was, quite simply, no self there to meet? ⑦ But having taken the first step into this new world, he is now about to begin a new adventure;. ⑧ he is about to be launched into his own inner space, space as immense, unexplored, and sometimes frightening as outer space to the astronaut. ⑨ His every perception will come to him with a new freshness and, for a time, seem startlingly original. ⑩ For anyone who can see things for himself with a naked eye becomes, for a moment or two, something of a genius. ⑪ With another human being present vision becomes double vision, inevitably. ⑫ We are busy wondering, what does my companion see or think of this, and what do I think of it? ⑬ The original impact gets lost. ⑭ "Music I heard with you was more than music." ⑮ Exactly. ⑯ And therefore music 'itself' can only be heard alone. ⑰ Solitude is the salt of personhood. ⑱ It brings out the authentic flavor of every experience.
① 일전에 내가 알고 지내던 사교적이고 매력적인 남자가 내게 약속 시간 사이에 한두 시간 동안 뉴욕에서 뜻밖에 '홀로' 있는 자신을 발견했다고 말했다. ② 그는 Whitney Museum에 가서 혼자 전시물을 보면서 '비어 있는' 시간을 보냈다. ③ 그에게 있어서, 혼자서도 충분히 즐거울 수 있다는 것을 알게 된 것은 거의 사랑에 빠지는 것만큼이나 큰 충격이었다. ④ 그는 무엇을 두려워했던가? ⑤ 나는 자신에게 물었다. ⑥ 돌연히 혼자서, 그가 자신을 지루해 한다는 것 또는 거기에는 충족시킬 자아가 전혀 없다는 것을 알게 되는 것? ⑦ 하지만 그는 이러한 새로운 세상에 첫걸음을 내디디면서, 이제 새로운 모험을 막 시작했다. ⑧ 그는 우주비행사에게 우주만큼이나 광대하고, 탐험되지 않았으며, 때로는 무시무시한 공간인 자신의 정신세계로 막 진출하게 되었다. ⑨ 그의 모든 지각은 그에게 새로운 신선함으로 다가올 것이며 잠시 동안은 놀랍게도 독창적인 것처럼 보일 것이다. ⑩ 육안으로 혼자서 사물을 볼 수 있는 사람은 누구나 잠시 동안은 어느 정도 천재가 되기 때문이다. ⑪ 다른 사람이 있으면, 시야는 불가피하게 이중이 된다. ⑫ 우리는 내 동료가 무엇을 보는지 또는 이것에 관해 어떻게 생각하는지, 그리고 내가 그것에 관해 어떻게 생각하는지를 궁금해 하느라 분주해진다. ⑬ 독창적인 효과는 사라진다. ⑭ "당신과 함께 들은 음악은 음악 이상이었어요." ⑮ 정말 맞는 말이다. ⑯ 그리고 따라서 음악 '그 자체'는 혼자서만 (제대로) 들을 수 있다. ⑰ 고독이 개성을 잘 드러내 준다. ⑱ 그것은 모든 경험의 진정한 맛을 이끌어 낸다.
1093-4850
① My grandmother's kitchen was overflowing with food. ② She raised her daughters to keep an extra box and bottle unopened in the cupboard for every bottle and box that was in use. ③ Although she died before I was born, I was raised by her eldest daughter to do this same thing. ④ Absentminded as I am, I often find I have accumulated two or even three extras of anything in my house. ⑤ But this abundance did not mean that things were to be wasted. ⑥ Everything was always used to the full. ⑦ Even the tea bags were used twice. ⑧ There is a family story told about my grandmother's refrigerator. ⑨ Her refrigerator was always full to the very edges and every shelf was put to use. ⑩ Occasionally when someone, usually a child, opened it without sufficient caution, an egg would fall out and break on the kitchen floor. ⑪ My grandmother's response was always the same. ⑫ She would look at the broken egg with satisfaction. ⑬ "Aha," she would say, "today we have a sponge cake!" ⑭ Befriending life is not always about having things your own way. ⑮ Life is impermanent and full of broken eggs. ⑯ But what is true of eggs is even more true of pain and loss and suffering. ⑰ Certain things are too important to be wasted. ⑱ When I was sixteen, just after the doctor came and informed me that I had a disease that no one knew how to cure, my mother had reminded me of this. ⑲ I had turned toward her in shock, but she did not cuddle or soothe. ⑳ Instead she reached out and took me by the hand. ㉑ "We will make a sponge cake," she told me firmly. ㉒ It has taken many years to find the recipe, the one that is my own, but I knew in that moment that this was what I needed to do.
① 내 할머니의 부엌은 음식으로 넘쳐났다. ② 그녀는 사용하는 모든 병과 통을 위해 찬장에는 개봉하지 않은 여분의 통과 병을 보관하도록 딸들을 키웠다. ③ 그녀는 내가 태어나기도 전에 돌아가셨지만, 나는 그녀의 장녀에 의해서 똑같이 하도록 (배우면서) 자라났다. ④ 비록 내가 별 생각이 없을 때에도, 나는 때로 집에 둘 또는 심지어 세 개의 여분의 것들을 모아놓고 있었다는 것을 알게 된다. ⑤ 하지만 이러한 풍부함이 물건들을 낭비되게 하는 것을 의미하지는 않았다. ⑥ 모든 것은 항상 최대한도로 사용되었다. ⑦ 심지어 티백들도 두번 사용되어졌다. ⑧ 나의 할머니 냉장고에 대해 전해지는 가족 이야기가 있다. ⑨ 그녀의 냉장고는 항상 아주 구석까지 가득 차 있었으며 모든 선반이 활용되었다. ⑩ 가끔 누군가가, 보통은 어린아이지만, 충분히 주의를 기울이지 않고 그것을 열 때, 계란 하나가 떨어져서 부엌 바닥에 깨지곤 하였다. ⑪ (그에 대한) 할머니의 반응은 항상 같았다. ⑫ 그녀는 만족스럽게 깨진 계란을 바라보곤 하셨다. ⑬ 그녀는 "아, 오늘 우리는 스펀지케이크를 먹는단다"라고 말씀하셨다. ⑭ 삶을 돌보는 것이 항상 자신의 방식으로 일을 하는 것은 아니다. ⑮ 삶은 일시적이며, 깨진 계란들로 가득 차 있다. ⑯ 계란에 적용되는 것은 고통과 상실, 그리고 아픔에도 훨씬 더 잘 적용된다. ⑰ 어떤 것들은 헛되이 낭비하기에는 너무도 중요하다. ⑱ 내가 열여섯 살 때, 의사가 와서 아무도 치료법을 모르는 질병에 내가 걸렸다는 것을 내게 알려준 직후에, 어머니께서는 내게 이것을 깨닫게 해주셨다. ⑲ 나는 충격을 받아 그녀를 향해 돌아봤지만, 그녀는 꼭 껴안아 주거나 위로해 주지도 않았다. ⑳ 대신, 그녀는 (손을) 뻗어 내 손을 잡았다. ㉑ "우리는 스펀지케이크를 만들 거란다"라고 그녀는 내게 단호한 어조로 말했다. ㉒ 내 자신의 조리법을 발견하는 데는 많은 시간이 걸렸지만, 나는 그 순간 이것이 내가 할 필요가 있는 것이라는 것을 알았다.
① I was pleased to receive your letter requesting a letter of reference for a Future Leaders scholarship. ② As your physics teacher, I can certainly speak highly of your academic abilities. ③ Your grades have consistently been A's and B's in my class. ④ Since this is the first semester that I have had you in class, however, I do not feel that I am the right person to provide information on your leadership skills. ⑤ I would encourage you to request a reference letter from those teachers with whom you have had the most opportunity to demonstrate those skills. ⑥ I am sure many teachers would be willing to provide letters for you. ⑦ Good luck with your scholarship.
① Future Leaders 장학금 신청용 추천서를 써 달라고 요구하는 당신의 편지를 받고 반가웠습니다. ② 당신의 물리 교사로서 나는 당신의 학문적 능력에 대해 분명히 높이 평가하여 말할 수 있습니다. ③ 내가 담당하는 학급에서 당신의 성적은 일관되게 A와 B를 기록하였습니다. ④ 그렇지만, 이번이 내가 당신을 학급에서 가르친 첫 번째 학기이므로, 내가 당신의 지도력에 대한 정보를 제공할 적절한 사람이라고 생각하지는 않습니다. ⑤ 당신이 그러한 능력을 보여줄 기회가 가장 많았던 교사들에게 추천서를 써 달라고 요청할 것을 권하고 싶습니다. ⑥ 많은 교사들이 기꺼이 당신을 위해서 추천서를 써 줄 것이라고 확신합니다. ⑦ 당신의 장학금 신청에 좋은 결과가 있기를 바랍니다.
1093-19
① There was a girl who grew flowers in New Jersey and sometimes took flowers to customers on Staten Island. ② To get there, she had to go over a bridge paying a toll of $2.50. ③ One day, as she was approaching the toll booth, she saw a toll booth attendant who reminded her of her mother. ④ As she reached in her pocket, she found she had no money but a half dollar. ⑤ Not knowing what to do, she handed the coin to her and asked nervously, "Want to buy a fresh red rose?" ⑥ The attendant looked surprised at first, but glancing at the cars piling up behind her, she took two dollars from her purse and rang it up on the cash register. ⑦ "Yes, I'll take it," she said with a smile. ⑧ "And I suppose the price is two dollars even, right?"
① New Jersey에서 꽃을 기르며 때때로 Staten Island에 있는 고객들에게 꽃을 가져다주는 어떤 소녀가 있었다. ② 그곳으로 가려면, 그녀는 2달러 50센트의 통행료를 지불하고 다리를 건너가야 했다. ③ 어느 날 그녀가 통행료 징수소에 가까워지고 있을 때, 그녀는 그녀에게 자신의 어머니가 생각나게 하는 통행료 징수소 직원을 보았다. ④ 그녀가 그녀의 주머니를 뒤져 보았을 때, 그녀는 자신에게 돈이 50센트밖에 없다는 것을 발견했다. ⑤ 어찌할 바를 모르고, 그녀는 그 동전을 그녀에게 주고, 불안해하면서 다음과 같이 물었다, "싱싱한 빨간 장미를 사시겠어요?" ⑥ 처음에 그 직원은 놀랐으나, 그녀 뒤에 차들이 줄지어 밀려 있는 것을 보고서, 그녀는 자신의 지갑에서 2달러를 꺼내서 현금 등록기에 넣었다. ⑦ "예, 사겠어요", 그녀는 미소를 지으며 말했다. ⑧ "그런데 내 생각에 가격이 딱 2달러이겠군요, 맞죠?"
1093-20
① The phrase, 'jack-of-all-trades' is a shortened version of 'jack of all trades and master of none.' ② It refers to those who claim to be proficient at countless tasks, but cannot perform a single one of them well. ③ The phrase was first used in England at the start of the Industrial Revolution. ④ A large number of efficiency experts set up shop in London, advertising themselves as knowledgeable about every type of new manufacturing process, trade, and business. ⑤ For a substantial fee, they would impart their knowledge to their clients. ⑥ But it soon became evident that their knowledge was limited and of no practical value. ⑦ Doubtful industrialists started calling these self-appointed experts 'jacks of all trades and masters of none.' ⑧ These experts are still with us, and as a result so is the phrase.
① 'jack-of-all-trades(만물박사)'라는 말은 'jack of all trades and master of none(모든 일을 다 잘하지만 정말 잘하는 것은 없는 사람)'이 축약된 형태이다. ② 그것은 수많은 업무에 능숙하다고 주장하지만, 그것들 중 한 가지도 잘 수행하지 못하는 사람들을 가리킨다. ③ 이 말은 산업혁명이 시작될 때에 영국에서 처음 사용되었다. ④ 많은 수의 효율성 전문가들이 모든 유형의 새로운 제조 과정, 무역, 사업에 대해 잘 알고 있다고 자신들을 광고하면서 런던에 사무소를 차렸다. ⑤ 상당한 액수의 비용을 받고, 그들은 자신들의 지식을 고객들에게 알려주곤 했다. ⑥ 하지만 얼마 안 가서 그들의 지식은 제한되어 있으며 현실적으로 아무런 가치가 없다는 사실이 분명해졌다. ⑦ 의심을 품게 된 생산업자들은 이러한 자칭 전문가라고 주장하는 사람들을 'jacks of all trades and masters of none'이라고 부르기 시작했다. ⑧ 이러한 전문가들은 아직도 우리 주변에 있으며, 그 결과 이 말 또한 우리 곁에 있다.
1093-21
① Mr. Potter was sailing for Europe on one of the greatest transatlantic ocean liners. ② When he went on board, he found another passenger was to share the cabin with him. ③ After going to see the accommodations, he came up to the purser's desk and inquired if he could leave his valuables in the ship's safe. ④ Mr. Potter explained that ordinarily he never availed himself of that privilege, but he had been to his cabin and had met the man who was to occupy the other bed. ⑤ Judging from his appearance, he was afraid that he might not be a very trustworthy person. ⑥ The purser accepted the responsibility for the valuables and remarked , "It's all right. ⑦ I'll be very glad to take care of them for you. ⑧ The other man has been up here and left his valuables for the same reason!"
① Potter 씨가 아주 큰 대서양 횡단 정기 여객선을 타고 유럽으로 가고 있었다. ② 배에 탔을 때, 그는 다른 한 명의 승객이 자신과 선실을 함께 사용하게 될 거라는 사실을 알게 되었다. ③ 숙박시설을 살펴본 후에, 그는 선박의 사무장의 자리로 와서 자신의 귀중품들을 배의 금고에 보관해 둘 수 있겠느냐고 물었다. ④ Potter 씨는 평소에는 그러한 특권을 전혀 이용하지 않지만, 자신의 선실에 갔었는데 다른 한 쪽 침대를 사용할 남자를 만났다고 설명했다. ⑤ 그의 외모로 판단하건대, 그다지 신뢰할 만한 사람이 아닐지도 모른다는 사실이 그는 두려웠다. ⑥ 선박의 사무장은 귀중품 보관 책임을 받아들이면서 다음과 같이 말했다, "괜찮습니다. ⑦ 손님을 위해서 기꺼이 그것들을 보관해 드릴게요. ⑧ 다른 한 분도 여기에 와서 그와 똑같은 이유로 자신의 귀중품들을 맡겨 놓았답니다."
1093-22
① Geothermal heat, generated inside the Earth, helps keep the temperature of the ground at a depth of several meters at a nearly constant temperature of about 10°C to 20°C. ② This constant temperature can be used to cool and heat buildings by using a heat pump. ③ A heat pump contains a water-filled loop of pipe, which is buried to a depth where the temperature is nearly constant. ④ In summer, warm water from the building is pumped through the pipe down into the ground, since the underground temperature is lower than the air temperature. ⑤ The water cools and then is pumped back to the building where it absorbs more heat, and the cycle is repeated.
① 지구 내부에서 발생하는 지열은 수 미터 깊이 땅의 온도를 10℃에서 20℃ 정도의 거의 일정한 온도로 유지하는 데 도움이 된다. ② 열펌프를 사용함으로써 이러한 일정한 온도가 건물을 시원하게 하거나 따뜻하게 하는 데 이용될 수 있다. ③ 열펌프는 물로 채워진 고리 모양의 파이프를 포함하는데, 이러한 파이프가 온도가 거의 일정한 깊이에 묻히게 된다. ④ 여름에는 땅 속의 온도가 공기의 온도보다 더 낮으므로, 건물에서 나온 따뜻한 물이 펌프를 통해 땅 속으로 보내진다. ⑤ 물이 냉각되고 그런 다음에 펌프에 의해 다시 건물로 보내지는데, 거기서 물은 더 많은 열을 흡수하게 되며, 순환 주기가 되풀이된다.
1093-23
① Comparing yourself with others is natural and can be motivational. ② However, too much of it leads to envy, especially if you're ungenerous toward yourself. ③ Instead, try measuring your present self against your past self. ④ When I asked a salesperson to map his sales performance, he was amazed to see that he had achieved a 5% to 10% annual increase in sales while at his firm. ⑤ This made him feel more self-confident and lessened his resentment toward his colleagues. ⑥ If you feel threatened every time a perceived rival does well, remind yourself of your own strengths and successes.
① 당신 자신을 다른 사람들과 비교하는 것은 자연스러운 일이며 동기 유발이 될 수 있다. ② 그렇지만, 그것이 너무 지나치면, 특히 자신에 대해 관대하지 않은 경우에는 질투심이 생기게 될 수 있다. ③ 대신에, 현재의 당신 자신을 과거의 자신과 대비하여 측정해 보라. ④ 내가 어떤 영업사원에게 그의 판매 실적을 조사해 보라고 요청했을 때, 그는 회사에 근무하는 동안에 자신의 판매 실적이 해마다 5퍼센트에서 10퍼센트 정도 증가했다는 사실을 알고는 놀랐다. ⑤ 이것으로 인해 그는 더 많은 자신감을 갖게 되었으며, 자신의 동료들에 대한 적개심을 줄이게 되었다. ⑥ 라이벌로 생각하는 사람이 잘 해낼 때마다 위협을 느낀다면, 당신의 장점들과 당신이 거둔 성공들에 대해 생각하라.
1093-24
① Michael dared to look inside the window, but from the deep shadow of the trees and the gloom within, he could not clearly make out the objects within. ② Although every nerve in his body cautioned otherwise, he slowly pushed open the door. ③ The door creaked as it swung back. ④ As he carefully took a step inside, the door slammed shut. ⑤ Michael's futile attempts to open the door only increased his panic. ⑥ He tried to calm his thundering heart by repeating to himself, "I am not afraid. ⑦ I am not afraid," but to no avail. ⑧ He suddenly felt an uneasy darkness consume him from within. ⑨ He opened his mouth to call for help, but his words failed him.
① Michael은 용기를 내어 창문 안을 들여다보았지만 짙은 나무 그림자와 내부의 어둠으로 인하여 내부의 사물을 명확하게 판별할 수 없었다. ② 그의 몸의 모든 신경이 그러지 말라고 경고를 하고 있음에도 불구하고 그는 천천히 문을 열었다. ③ 문은 삐걱거리는 소리를 내며 돌았다. ④ 그가 조심스럽게 안으로 한 발짝 들어가자 문은 세게 닫혔다. ⑤ Michael의 문을 열고자 했던 헛된 노력은 그에게 공포심을 증가시킬 뿐이었다. ⑥ 그는 "난 두렵지 않아. ⑦ 두렵지 않다고"라고 혼잣말을 되풀이함으로써 쿵쾅거리는 마음을 진정시키려고 노력했으나, 헛된 일이었다. ⑧ 그는 갑자기 불안한 어둠이 그의 마음을 속으로부터 빼앗아 가고 있다는 느낌을 받았다. ⑨ 그는 도움을 요청하기 위해 입을 열었으나, 말이 나오질 않았다.
1093-25
① Errors and failures typically corrupt all human designs. ② Indeed, the failure of a single component of your car's engine could force you to call for a tow truck. ③ Similarly, a tiny wiring error in your computer's circuits can mean throwing the whole computer out. ④ Natural systems are different, though. ⑤ Throughout Earth's history, an estimated 3 million to 100 million species have disappeared, which means that this year somewhere between three and a hundred species will vanish. ⑥ However, such natural extinctions appear to cause little harm. ⑦ Over millions of years the ecosystem has developed an amazing insensitivity to errors and failures, surviving even such drastic events as the impact of the Yucatan meteorite, which killed tens of thousands of species.
① 일반적으로 실수와 실패는 인간의 모든 설계들을 못 쓰게 만든다. ② 실제로 자동차 엔진 부품 중 단 하나만이라도 고장 나면 당신은 견인트럭을 불러야 할 것이다. ③ 마찬가지로 컴퓨터 회로의 배선에 있어서 작은 실수 때문에 컴퓨터 전체를 내버려야 할 수 있다. ④ 하지만 자연계는 다르다. ⑤ 지구 역사 전체에 걸쳐서 300만에서 1억에 이르는 종이 사라졌다고 추측되며, 이는 올해 어딘가에서 3에서 100에 이르는 종이 사라질 것임을 의미한다. ⑥ 그러나 그러한 자연의 멸종은 거의 해를 끼치지 않는 것 같다. ⑦ 수백 만 년 이상 동안 생태계는 실수와 잘못에 대한 놀라울 정도의 무감각을 발휘하여, 수만 종을 파멸시켰던 유카탄에 떨어진 운석의 충격 같은 극단적인 사건에서도 살아남았다.
1093-26
① Unlike deviance in other settings, deviance in sports often involves an unquestioned acceptance of and extreme conformity to norms and expectations. ② For example, most North Americans see playing football as a positive activity. ③ Young men are encouraged to 'be all they can be' as football players and to live by slogans such as There is no 'I' in t-e-a-m. ④ They are encouraged to increase their weight and strength, so that they can play more effectively and contribute to the success of their teams. ⑤ When young men go too far in their acceptance of expectations to become bigger and stronger, when they are so committed to playing football and improving their skills on the field that they use muscle-building drugs, they become deviant. ⑥ This type of 'overdoing-it-deviance' is dangerous, but it is grounded in completely different social dynamics from the dynamics that occur in the 'antisocial deviance' enacted by alienated young people who reject commonly accepted rules and expectations.
① 다른 분야에서의 일탈과는 달리 스포츠에서의 일탈은 종종 규범과 기대에 대한 아무런 의심 없는 수용과 극단적인 순응을 수반한다. ② 예를 들어, 대부분의 북아메리카 인들은 미식축구 경기에 참여하는 것을 적극적 활동으로 간주한다. ③ 젊은 사람들은 미식축구 선수로서 자신의 최고의 모습을 보이고, "팀에 '나'라는 존재는 없다"라는 말과 같은 슬로건으로 살아가도록 격려 받는다. ④ 그들은 체중과 힘을 증가시켜서 좀 더 효과적으로 경기를 하고 팀의 성공에 기여하라고 격려 받는다. ⑤ 젊은 사람들이 좀 더 몸집이 커지고 힘이 세어지리라는 기대를 지나칠 정도로 수용하게 될 때, 그들이 경기장에서 미식축구 경기를 하는 것과 기술을 향상시키는 것에 지나칠 정도로 전념하여 근육을 형성하는 약물을 복용하게 될 때, 그들은 일탈하게 된다. ⑥ 이러한 유형의 '과잉 행동 일탈'은 위험한 것이지만, 그것은 일반적으로 받아들여지는 규칙과 기대를 거부하는 소외된 젊은 사람들에 의해 이루어지는 '반사회적 일탈'에서 발생하는 역학과는 완전히 다른 사회적 역학에 근거한다.
1093-27
① Time pressure leads to frustration, and when we are frustrated or experience other negative emotions, our thinking becomes narrower and less creative. ② However, people are unaware of this phenomenon and live under the illusion that when they are experiencing time pressure, they are also more creative. ③ This explains why time pressure is pervasive and to some extent accounts for the increase in rates of depression. ④ We are generally too busy trying to squeeze more and more activities into less and less time. ⑤ Consequently, we fail to enjoy potential sources of happiness that may be all around us. ⑥ To enjoy the richness that life has to offer, we need to take our time.
① 시간적 압박은 좌절감을 가져오며, 우리가 좌절감을 느끼거나 다른 부정적 감정을 경험할 때 우리의 사고는 점점 더 좁아지고 창의력이 떨어지게 된다. ② 그러나 사람들은 이러한 현상을 지각하지 못하여, 시간적 압박을 느끼고 있을 때 창의력이 높아진다는 허상을 갖고 살아간다. ③ 이는 시간적 압박이 널리 퍼지게 된 이유를 설명하고, 우울함의 속도 상승을 어느 정도 설명해 준다. ④ 전체적으로 우리는 보다 짧은 시간에 보다 많은 활동을 짜내려고 애쓰느라 너무나도 바쁘다. ⑤ 그 결과 우리는 우리 주변 어디에나 있을 수 있는 행복의 잠재적 출처들을 누리지 못한다. ⑥ 삶이 제공해야 하는 풍요로움을 누리기 위해 우리는 시간적 여유를 가질 필요가 있다.
1093-28
① With no attempt there can be no failure and with no failure no humiliation. ② So our self-esteem in this world depends entirely on what we back ourselves to be and do. ③ It is determined by the ratio of our actualities to our supposed potentialities. ④ Thus, success divided by pretensions equals self-esteem. ⑤ This illustrates how every rise in our levels of expectation entails a rise in the dangers of humiliation. ⑥ What we understand to be normal is critical in determining our chances of happiness. ⑦ It also hints at two ways for raising our self-esteem. ⑧ On the one hand, we may try to achieve more; and on the other, we may reduce the number of things we want to achieve. ⑨ The advantages of the latter approach lie in the following statement: To give up pretensions is as blessed a relief as to get them gratified.
① 아무런 시도가 없으면 어떠한 실패도 없으며, 아무런 실패가 없으면 어떠한 굴욕도 있을 수 없다. ② 그러므로 이 세상에서의 우리의 자부심은 전적으로 우리가 스스로에게 되라고 그리고 하라고 후원하는 것에 달려있다. ③ 그것은 우리가 가상하는 잠재력에 대한 우리의 현실의 비율에 의해 결정된다. ④ 그러므로 성공을 가식으로 나눈 것이 자부심과 같은 것이다. ⑤ 이는 우리의 기대 수준의 모든 상승이 굴욕의 위험성의 상승을 가져오는 방식을 설명한다. ⑥ 우리가 평범하다고 이해하는 것이 우리의 행복 가능성을 결정함에 있어서 중요한 것이다. ⑦ 한편으로 우리는 보다 많은 것을 성취하려고 노력할 수 있고, 다른 한편으로 우리는 성취하기를 바라는 것들의 수를 줄일 수 있다. ⑧ 후자의 접근방식이 갖는 장점은 다음과 같이 "가식을 포기하는 것이 만족감을 느끼게 하는 것만큼이나 행복한 위안이 된다. ⑨ "는 말에 들어 있다.
1093-29
① For many people 'nature' is defined as a negative: It exists where people do not. ② Nature lies outside the urban and agricultural realms, in regions of Earth where natural processes are unhindered. ③ Nature is where fallen logs rot and acorns grow, wildfires turn woodlands into meadows, and barrier islands shift with the currents ― all without human interference. ④ By extension, this definition suggests that nature is best protected by keeping humans far away, so that it can continue to run itself. ⑤ But there is a serious problem with this view. ⑥ If nature is defined as a landscape uninfluenced by humankind, then there is no nature on the planet at all. ⑦ Prehistoric peoples changed their surrounding ecosystems, whether by installing orchards in the Amazon or by hunting many large mammals to extinction in North America. ⑧ And modern humans are changing the global environment even more profoundly, whether through planet-wide climate change, or by the worldwide movement of synthetic chemicals through the food chain.
① 많은 사람들에게 '자연'은 부정적인 것으로 규정되어, 그것은 사람이 존재하지 않는 곳에 존재한다. ② 자연은 도시와 농촌 지역 외부에, 다시 말해 자연의 과정이 방해받지 않는 지구의 지역에 존재한다. ③ 자연은 쓰러진 통나무가 썩는 곳과 도토리가 자라는 곳, 산불이 삼림지대를 초원으로 바꾸는 곳, 그리고 보초 섬이 해류와 함께 이동하는 곳―인간의 간섭이 없는 모든 곳―에 존재한다. ④ 더 나아가 이러한 정의는 자연은 인간을 멀리 떨어지게 하여 계속 자체의 모습을 유지하게 함으로써 가장 잘 보호될 수 있음을 암시한다. ⑤ 그러나 이러한 관점에는 심각한 문제가 있다. ⑥ 자연이 인류에 의해 영향을 받지 않는 경치로 정의된다면, 지구상에 자연은 전혀 존재하지 않게 된다. ⑦ 선사시대의 사람들은 아마존에 과수원을 조성하는 방식으로든 또는 북아메리카에서 많은 커다란 포유동물을 사냥하여 멸종시키는 방식으로든 자신을 에워싸는 생태계를 변화시켰다. ⑧ 그리고 현대 인류는 지구 전역의 기후 변화를 통해서든 인공 화합물을 먹이사슬을 통해 세계 전역으로 이동시킴에 의해서든 지구의 환경을 훨씬 더 깊이 변화시키고 있다.
1093-30
① The most obvious salient feature of moral agents is a capacity for rational thought. ② This is an uncontested necessary condition for any form of moral agency, since we all accept that people who are incapable of reasoned thought cannot be held morally responsible for their actions. ③ However, if we move beyond this uncontroversial salient feature of moral agents, then the most salient feature of actual flesh-and-blood (as opposed to ridiculously idealized) individual moral agents is surely the fact that every moral agent brings multiple perspectives to bear on every moral problem situation. ④ That is, there is no one-size-fits-all answer to the question "What are the basic ways in which moral agents wish to affect others?" ⑤ Rather, moral agents wish to affect 'others' in different ways depending upon who these 'others' are.
① 도덕적 행위자로서의 인간의 가장 명백한 두드러진 특징은 이성적인 사고를 할 수 있는 능력이다. ② 이성적인 사고를 할 수 없는 사람들은 그들의 행동에 대해 도덕적인 책임을 질 수 없다고 우리 모두 받아들이기 때문에 이것은 어떤 유형의 도덕적 행위자로서의 인간에게 있어서도 논쟁의 여지가 없이 필요한 조건이다. ③ 하지만 이렇게 논란의 여지가 없는 두드러진 특징을 넘어서면, (터무니없이 이상적인 것과는 대조적으로) 실제로 현재 살아 있는 도덕적 행위자로서의 인간 각자의 가장 두드러진 특징은 분명히 어떤 도덕적인 문제가 있는 상황에서도 도덕적 행위자로서의 인간이라면 누구든지 지니고 있는 다양한 견해를 제시한다는 사실이다. ④ 즉, "도덕적 행위자로서의 인간이 다른 사람들에게 영향을 미치는 기본적인 방법은 무엇인가"라는 질문에 대해 두루 적용되도록 만들어진 답은 없다. ⑤ 오히려, 도덕적 행위자로서의 인간은 이러한 "다른 사람들이" 누구냐에 따라서 다른 방식으로 "다른 사람들"에게 영향을 미치기를 바란다.
1093-31
① When it comes to food choices, young people are particularly vulnerable to peer influences. ② A teenage girl may eat nothing but a lettuce salad for lunch, even though she will become hungry later, because that is what her friends are eating. ③ A slim boy who hopes to make the wrestling team may routinely overload his plate with foods that are dense in carbohydrates and proteins to 'bulk up' like the wrestlers of his school. ④ An overweight teen may eat moderately while around his friends but then devour huge portions when alone. ⑤ Few young people are completely free of food-related pressures from peers, whether or not these pressures are imposed intentionally.
① 음식을 선택하는 데 있어서 젊은 사람들은 특히 또래의 영향에 취약하다. ② 십대의 소녀는 상추 샐러드가 그녀의 친구들이 먹는 것이기 때문에 나중에 배가 고플지라도 점심으로 상추 샐러드만 먹을지도 모른다. ③ 레슬링 팀을 만들고 싶어 하는 호리호리한 소년은 자기 학교의 레슬링 선수들처럼 '몸집을 불리기' 위해 판에 박힌 듯이 자기 접시를 탄수화물과 단백질이 많은 음식으로 가득 채울지 모른다. ④ 과체중의 십대는 주변에 친구들이 있을 때는 적당히 먹을지 모르지만, 혼자 있게 되면 많은 양을 게걸스럽게 먹게 된다. ⑤ 음식과 관련된 압박이 의도적으로 강요된 것이든 혹은 그렇지 않든 또래들로부터 그러한 압박에서 완전히 자유로운 젊은 사람들은 거의 없다.
1093-32
① It is said that although people laugh in the same way, they don't necessarily laugh at the same things. ② If this is true of a single community, it is even more true of people who live in different societies, because the topics that people find amusing, and the occasions that are regarded as appropriate for joking, can vary enormously from one society to the next. ③ Some styles of humor with silly actions are guaranteed to raise a laugh everywhere. ④ But because of their reliance on shared assumptions, most jokes travel very badly. ⑤ This is particularly noticeable in the case of jokes that involve a play on words. ⑥ They are difficult, and in some cases virtually impossible to translate into other languages. ⑦ Therefore, this is why people's attempts to tell jokes to foreigners are so often met with blank stares.
① 사람들이 똑같은 방식으로 웃지만, 그들이 반드시 똑같은 것에 대해 웃는 것은 아니라고 이야기된다. ② 이것이 단일 공동체에 적용된다면, 그것은 다양한 사회에서 사는 사람들에게는 훨씬 더 많이 적용된다, 왜냐하면 사람들이 재미있다고 느끼는 주제와 농담을 하기에 적절하다고 여기는 경우가 문화마다 매우 다양할 수 있기 때문이다. ③ 바보 같아 보이는 행동과 관련된 어떤 스타일의 유머는 어느 곳에서든지 웃음을 자아내는 것으로 보장된다. ④ 그러나 공유되는 가정에 대한 의존 때문에 대부분의 농담은 매우 잘(→ 형편없이) 전해진다. ⑤ 이것은 특히 언어의 유희가 포함된 농담의 경우에서 눈에 띈다. ⑥ 그러한 농담은 어려운데, 사실 어떤 경우에는 다른 언어로 번역하기가 불가능하다. ⑦ 그래서 이러한 이유 때문에 외국인에게 농담을 말하려는 사람들의 시도가 아주 종종 멍하니 응시하는 것에 부딪치게 된다.
1093-33
① Many grocery stores give the shopper the option of paper or plastic grocery bags. ② Many people instinctively say that paper is less harmful to the environment ― after all, paper is biodegradable and recyclable. ③ In contrast, most plastic is manufactured using oil by-products and natural gas. ④ Plastic is not always easily or economically recyclable, and once manufactured, plastic may last virtually indefinitely. ⑤ Yet in the United States, paper products are the single largest component of municipal waste. ⑥ Even though paper products may theoretically be biodegradable, in most landfills, they do not biodegrade. ⑦ Furthermore, paper production emits air pollution, specifically 70 percent more pollution than the production of plastic bags. ⑧ And consider that making paper uses trees that could be absorbing carbon dioxide. ⑨ The paper bag making process also results in three times more water pollutants than making plastic bags.
① 많은 식료품점에는 쇼핑객들에게 식료품용으로 종이봉투나 비닐봉투를 선택하도록 한다. ② 많은 사람들은 종이가 환경에 덜 해롭다고 본능적으로 말한다 - 결국 종이는 생물 분해성이 있고 재활용할 수 있다. ③ 대조적으로, 대부분의 비닐은 석유 부산물과 천연 가스를 사용해서 제조된다. ④ 비닐은 항상 쉽게 경제적으로 재활용할 수 있는 것은 아니며 일단 제조되면 사실상 영구적이다. ⑤ 하지만 미국에서 종이 제품은 도시 쓰레기 중에서 단일 구성 요소로는 가장 많다. ⑥ 종이 제품이 이론적으로는 생물 분해성이 있다고 할지라도, 대부분의 쓰레기 매립지에서 그것이 자연 분해되는 것은 아니다. ⑦ 더욱이, 종이 생산에는 특히 비닐 봉투를 생산할 때보다 70퍼센트 더 많은 공기 오염이 수반된다. ⑧ 그리고 종이를 만드는 데는 이산화탄소를 흡수할 수 있는 나무를 사용한다는 점을 고려하라. ⑨ 종이봉투 제작 과정에는 또한 비닐봉투 제작보다 세 배나 더 많은 수질 오염 물질이 생긴다.
1093-34
① While predictions about the future are always difficult, one can be made with certainty. ② People will find themselves in large numbers of interactions where intercultural communication skills will be essential. ③ There are several reasons for such prediction. ④ Some reasons include increasing amounts of contact brought on by overseas assignments in the business world, the movement of college students spending time in other countries, and increasing amounts of international travel among tourists. ⑤ Others relate to social changes within any one large and complex nation: affirmative action, the movement of immigrants and refugees, bilingual education programs, and movement away from the goal that ethnic minorities become a part of a 'melting pot.' ⑥ Therefore, it is essential that people research the cultures and communication conventions of those whom they propose to meet in the future.
① 미래에 대한 예측은 항상 어렵지만 한 가지는 확실히 할 수 있다. ② 사람들은 이종(異種) 문화 간의 의사소통이 필수적인 수많은 상호작용 속에서 스스로를 발견할 것이다. ③ 그러한 예측에는 몇 가지 이유가 있다. ④ 몇 가지 이유에는 비즈니스 세계에서 해외 업무로 인해 생기는 계약의 증가, 다른 나라에서 시간을 보내는 대학생들의 이동, 여행객들 사이에서 해외여행의 증가 등이 포함된다. ⑤ 다른 이유들은 크고 복잡한 어떤 한 나라에서의 소수민족 차별 철폐 조치, 이주자와 난민의 이동, 2개 언어 병용 교육 프로그램, 소수 민족 집단이 '용광로'의 한 부분이 되는 목표로부터 멀어지는 움직임과 같은 사회적인 변화와 관련된다. ⑥ 그러므로 사람들이 미래에 만나려고 꾀하는 사람들의 문화와 의사소통상의 관습을 연구하는 것은 필수적이다.
1093-35
① A famous psychiatrist was leading a symposium on the methods of getting patients to open up about themselves. ② The psychiatrist challenged his colleagues with a boast: "I'll bet that my technique will enable me to get a new patient to talk about the most private things during the first session without my having to ask a question." ③ What was his magic formula? ④ Simply this: He began the session by revealing to the patient something personal about himself ― secrets with which the patient might damage the doctor by breaking the confidence. ⑤ As he was 'maskless,' patients began to talk about their lives. ⑥ They opened themselves up to him because he had become an open-minded person himself, and openness evoked openness. ⑦ The same principle applies to all human relationships. ⑧ If you dare to take the initiative in self-revelation, the other person is much more likely to reveal secrets to you.
① 한 유명한 정신과 의사가 환자들로 하여금 자기 자신에 대해 마음을 터놓게 하는 방법에 관한 심포지엄을 이끌고 있었다. ② 그 정신과 의사는 "내가 내 기술로, 질문할 필요도 없이 첫 번째 세션 중에 새로운 한 환자로 하여금 가장 사적인 것들에 대해 이야기하도록 할 수 있다고 확신합니다"라고 큰소리를 치면서 동료들의 도전 의식을 북돋았다. ③ 그의 마법의 공식은 무엇인가? ④ 간단히 하면 다음과 같다: 그는 자신에 관한 사적인 것 즉, 그 환자가 신뢰를 깸으로써 그에게 해를 입힐 수도 있는 비밀을 그 환자에게 드러냄으로써 세션을 시작했다. ⑤ 그가 '가면을 벗으면서' 환자들은 자기들의 삶에 대해 이야기하기 시작했다. ⑥ 그 스스로가 허심탄회한 사람이 되어 있었기 때문에 그들은 그에게 마음을 터놓았고, 마음이 열림으로써 더더욱 마음이 열렸다. ⑦ 동일한 원칙이 모든 인간관계에 적용된다. ⑧ 당신이 용기를 내어 솔선하여 자기 자신을 드러내면, 다른 사람도 당신에게 비밀을 훨씬 더 잘 드러낼 것이다.
1093-36
① The bar graph above shows the familiarity of the respondents with five prominent social media in 2007 and 2008. ② According to the graph, the social media that was the most familiar in 2007 was blogging. ③ In the following year, social networking became the most familiar social media. ④ Video blogging, which was the least familiar social media in 2007, showed the biggest increase in familiarity among the three media that showed an increase from 2007 to 2008. ⑤ Wikis showed a bigger decrease in familiarity than podcasting from 2007 to 2008. ⑥ In 2008, podcasting and wikis were the least familiar social media.
① 위 막대그래프는 2007년과 2008년에 다섯 개의 유명한 소셜 매체에 대한 응답자의 친숙도를 보여준다. ② 위 그래프에 의하면, 2007년에 가장 친숙했던 소셜 매체는 블로깅이었다. ③ 다음 해에, 소셜 네트워킹이 가장 친숙한 소셜 매체가 되었다. ④ 2007년에 가장 덜 친숙한 소셜 매체였던 영상 블로깅은 2007년에서 2008년까지 증가를 보여주었던 세 매체 중에서 가장 큰 친숙도의 증가를 보여주었다. ⑤ 위키스는 친숙도에 있어서 2007년에서 2008년까지 팟캐스팅보다 더 큰 감소를 보여주었다. ⑥ 2008년에 팟캐스팅과 위키스는 가장 덜 친숙한 소셜 매체였다.
1093-37
① During the early 1980s, a team of Italian scientists carried out a series of studies under a variety of circumstances on the ticklishness of people. ② The researchers found that people seem to have one foot that is more ticklish than the other ― and for most people it is the right. ③ The experiment was repeated in 1998 using a special way that a pointed nylon rod was stroked across the bottom of the foot three times at intervals of a second. ④ After applying it to thirty-four people, the researchers confirmed the original finding and pushed back the frontiers of knowledge still further by showing that males were more ticklish than females. ⑤ One suggested explanation is that the left side of the brain, which detects stimuli applied to the right foot, is associated with positive emotions such as laughter.
① 1980년대 초반, 한 이탈리아 과학자 팀이 다양한 상황 하에서의 사람들의 간지럼에 대한 일련의 연구를 수행했다. ② 연구원들은 사람들이 다른 발보다 더 간지럼을 타는 발이 있는 것 같아 보이며, 대부분의 사람들에게 있어서 그것은 오른발이라는 것을 발견했다. ③ 그 실험은 뾰족한 나일론 막대가 1초씩 간격을 두고 세 번 발바닥을 가로질러 쓰다듬어지는 특별한 방법을 사용하여 1998년에 반복되었다. ④ 34명에게 그것을 적용한 후, 연구원들은 원래의 발견을 확인했고, 남성이 여성보다 더 간지럼을 탄다는 것을 보여줌으로써 그 정보의 지평을 한층 더 확장했다. ⑤ 제안된 한 설명은 오른발에 적용되는 자극을 감지하는 뇌의 왼쪽 면이 웃음과 같은 긍정적인 감정과 연관되어 있다는 것이다.
1093-38
① Buffon was a famous zoologist and botanist during the reign of the French monarch Louis XVI. ② Buffon stocked the park at Versailles with wild animals. ③ He also expanded the botanical garden on the Left Bank in Paris. ④ And with the confidence that goes with being a great collector, he began writing a comprehensive natural history of the world. ⑤ In that work, Buffon expressed the biased opinion that native animals of the New World are smaller than those of Europe, that there are fewer species of animals in America, and that even domesticated species of European animals diminished in size and vigor upon crossing the Atlantic. ⑥ Obviously, his opinions were not well-received and were severely criticized in America.
① Buffon은 프랑스의 루이 16세 군주 통치시절의 유명한 동물학자이자 식물학자이다. ② Buffon은 베르사유의 공원에 야생 동물들을 들여놓았다. ③ 그는 또한 파리의 Left Bank에 있는 식물원을 확장했다. ④ 그리고 그는 위대한 수집가라는 사실에 어울리는 자신감으로 종합적인 세계 자연사에 관해 글을 쓰기 시작했다. ⑤ 그 작품에서 Buffon은 신세계(아메리카 대륙)의 토착 동물들은 유럽의 토착 동물보다 작으며, 아메리카의 동물 종의 수가 더 적고, 심지어 유럽의 길들여진 동물 종들도 대서양을 건너면서 크기와 힘이 줄어들었다는 편향된 의견을 표명했다. ⑥ 분명히, 그의 의견들은 환영받지 않았고 아메리카에서 혹독하게 비판을 받았다.
1093-39
① After an event, all one has are memories of it. ② Because most waits expect a desired outcome, it is the memory of the outcome that dominates, not the intermediate components. ③ If the overall outcome is pleasurable enough, any unpleasantness suffered along the way is minimized. ④ Terence Mitchell and Leigh Thompson call this 'rosy retrospection.' ⑤ Mitchell and his colleagues studied participants in a 12-day tour of Europe, students going home for Thanksgiving vacation and a three-week bicycle tour across California. ⑥ In all of these cases, the results were similar. ⑦ Before an event, people looked forward with positive anticipation. ⑧ Afterward, they remembered fondly. ⑨ During? ⑩ Well, reality seldom lives up to expectations, so plenty of things go wrong. ⑪ As memory takes over, however, the unpleasantness fades and the good parts remain, perhaps to intensify, and even get amplified beyond reality.
① 한 사건이 일어난 후에, 사람이 가지고 있는 모든 것은 그것에 대한 기억이다. ② 대부분의 기다림은 희망했던 결과를 예상하므로, 지배하는 것은 중간의 구성 요소가 아니라 결과에 대한 기억이다. ③ 만약 전반적인 결과가 충분히 유쾌하다면, 중간에 겪었던 어떠한 불쾌함은 최소화된다. ④ Terence Mitchell과 Leigh Thompson은 이것을 '장밋빛 회상'이라고 부른다. ⑤ Mitchell과 그의 동료들은 12일간의 유럽여행 참가자들과 추수감사절 휴가로 집에 가는 학생들, 그리고 캘리포니아를 가로지르는 3주간의자전거 여행을 연구했다. ⑥ 이 모든 경우에서, 결과는 비슷했다. ⑦ 사건이 일어나기 전에, 사람들은 긍정적인 기대로 미래를 바라보았다. ⑧ 나중에, 그들은 좋게 기억을 했다. ⑨ 도중에는? ⑩ 음, 현실은 좀처럼 기대에 부응하지 않으며, 너무 많은 것들이 어긋난다. ⑪ 그러나 기억이 장악하게 되면, 그 불쾌함은 사라지고 좋은 부분이 남으며, 그것은 아마도 더욱 강렬해져서, 심지어 현실을 넘어 확대가 된다.
1093-40
① Every day, it seems, we learn of an apology from a prominent figure in response to an indiscretion of some sort. ② Those in the public eye have an unfortunate tendency to apologize only after they have been found with a hand in the cookie jar. ③ When this happens, it is only natural for a skeptical public to wonder, "Are they apologizing for their conduct, or simply because they were caught?" ④ To make matters worse, the wrongdoer will often use the passive voice in his or her apology: "Mistakes were made," rather than, "I made a mistake." ⑤ It is more comfortable to use the passive voice here, but doing so relinquishes any sense of personal responsibility. ⑥ It is a non-apology and is not very meaningful.
① 매일, 우리는 저명인사들로부터 일종의 무분별함에 대한 반응으로 사과를 배우는 것 같다. ② 사람들의 주목을 받는 그들은 현장에서 들킨 이후에만 사과하는 유감스러운 경향을 가지고 있다. ③ 이런 일이 일어나면, 회의적인 일반인이 "그들이 그들의 행위에 대해 사과하고 있는 것일까, 아니면 단지 그들이 걸렸기 때문일까" 하고 궁금해 하는 것은 지극히 당연하다. ④ 설상가상으로, 그 옳지 못한 사람은 흔히 사과할 때, "내가 실수를 저질렀다"라기보다는 "실수란 만들어지는 것이다" 하는 식으로 수동적인 목소리를 사용할 것이다. ⑤ 여기서는 수동적인 목소리를 사용하는 것이 더 편안하지만, 그렇게 하는 것은 어떤 개인적인 책임감을 저버리는 것이다. ⑥ 그것은 사과가 아니며 그다지 큰 의미도 없다.
1093-41
① We can infer that there was prosperity in ancient Athens because this was a time that saw the planting of many olive trees. ② Since olive trees do not produce their fruits for about thirty years, their planting indicates that people were optimistic about the future. ③ The growth in the export of olive oil also encouraged the development of pottery, in which the oil was transported. ④ About 535 BC came the invention of red-figure vase painting. ⑤ Now the whole surface of the vase was blackened, with figures picked out in the natural red. ⑥ This allowed much more variety and realism. ⑦ And the prosperity brought about by the international trade in olive oil spread to the peasants and it was their rituals, with choral song and mimic dancing, that formed the basis of early theater.
① 고대 아테네는 많은 올리브 나무를 심었던 시기였기 때문에 우리는 고대 아테네에는 번영이 있었다고 추론할 수 있다. ② 올리브 나무는 약 30년 동안 열매를 맺지 않기 때문에, 그것을 심는 것은 사람들이 미래에 대해서 낙관적이라는 것을 나타낸다. ③ 올리브유 수출의 증가 또한 그 기름이 운송된 곳의 도기류 발달을 촉진했다. ④ 기원전 535년경에 붉은 형상의 꽃병 그림의 발명이 있었다. ⑤ 이제 그 꽃병의 모든 표면이 자연스러운 붉은 색 속에서 쪼아낸 형상과 함께 검게 되었다. ⑥ 이는 훨씬 많은 다양함과 현실주의를 가능하게 했다. ⑦ 그리고 국제적인 올리브유 거래가 가져온 번영은 농민들에게도 퍼졌고, 초창기 극장의 토대를 형성한 것은 합창곡과 함께 흉내며 추는 단체 무용이 있는 그들의 의식이었다.
1093-42
① Until recently, it was generally assumed that the first humans took a northerly route to leave the African continent, walking into the Middle East and then spreading out from there. ② However, mtDNA analysis now suggests the exodus may have proceeded via a more southerly route. ③ In 2005, an international team of researchers announced that an isolated group living in Malaysia appeared to be the descendants of humans who left Africa around 65,000 years ago. ④ According to the researchers, climatic change underway at the time would have made a southerly route easier. ⑤ The genetic evidence suggests perhaps as few as several hundred individuals went first to India, then Southeast Asia and Australasia. ⑥ If correct, this would explain why humans appear to have reached Australia around 50,000 years ago, while the oldest human remains in Europe ― a jawbone found in Romania―are only around 35,000 years old.
① 최근까지 최초의 인류는 아프리카 대륙을 떠나기 위해 북쪽으로 가는 길을 택했고, 중동으로 걸어 들어가 거기서 뻗어 나갔다고 일반적으로 추정되었다. ② 하지만 현재 미토콘드리아 DNA 분석은 그 이동이 더 남쪽으로 가는 길을 통해 진행되었을지도 모른다는 것을 시사한다. ③ 2005년에 한 국제 연구 팀이 말레이시아에 사는 한 고립된 부족이 약 65,000년 전에 아프리카를 떠났던 인간들의 후손인 것처럼 보인다고 발표했다. ④ 그 연구원들에 의하면, 그 당시 진행 중이던 기후 변화가 남쪽으로 가는 길을 더 쉽게 만들었을 것이라고 한다. ⑤ 그 유전학적 증거는 아마도 겨우 몇 백 명 정도가 처음에 인도로, 그리고 동남아시아로, 그리고 호주로 갔을 것이라는 것을 시사한다. ⑥ 만약 이것이 옳다면, 이는 유럽에 있는 가장 오래된 인간의 유적인 루마니아에서 발견된 턱뼈가 약 35,000년 밖에 되지 않는 데 반해, 왜 인간이 약 50,000년 전에 호주에 도착했던 것처럼 보이는지를 설명해 줄 것이다.
1093-43
① Even worse than reaching a conclusion with just a little evidence is the fallacy of reaching a conclusion without any evidence at all. ② Sometimes people mistake a separate event for a cause-and-effect relationship. ③ They see that 'A' happened before 'B', so they mistakenly assume that 'A' caused 'B'. ④ This is an error known in logic as a post hoc fallacy. ⑤ For example, suppose you see a man in a black jacket hurry into a bank. ⑥ You notice that he is nervously carrying his briefcase, and a few moments later you hear a siren. ⑦ You therefore leap to the conclusion that the man in the black jacket has robbed the bank. ⑧ However, such a leap tends to land far from the truth of the matter. ⑨ You have absolutely no evidence ― only a suspicion based on coincidence. ⑩ This is a post hoc fallacy.
① 단지 약간의 증거만을 가지고 결론에 도달하는 것보다 훨씬 더 나쁜 것은 전혀 어떤 증거도 없이 결론에 이르는 오류이다. ② 때때로 사람들은 분리된 사건을 인과관계로 오해한다. ③ (B) 그들은 A가 B보다 먼저 일어난 것을 보고, A가 B의 원인이었다는 잘못된 가정을 한다. ④ 이것은 논리학에서 인과 설정의 오류('이것 다음에, 그러므로 이것 때문에')라고 알려진 오류이다. ⑤ (C) 예를 들어, 당신은 검은 웃옷을 입은 사람이 은행으로 급히 들어가는 것을 본다고 가정해보자. ⑥ 당신은 그가 그의 가방을 초조하게 가지고 가는 것을 주시하고, 몇 분 있다가 사이렌 소리를 듣는다. ⑦ (A) 따라서 당신은 그 불길한 검은 웃옷을 입은 사람이 은행에서 강도질을 했다고 속단한다. ⑧ 그러나 그러한 비약은 그 문제의 진실과 거리가 먼 경향이 있다. ⑨ 당신은 단지 우연의 일치에 기초한 의심만 있을 뿐 증거가 전혀 없다. ⑩ 이것이 인과 설정의 오류이다.
1093-44
① Hopi religion features a ritual calendar that includes a large number of annually required ceremonies. ② In most cases, each ceremony is 'owned' by the members of a certain clan. ③ Every clan represented in a village has a clanhouse in which the masks and other sacred items used in the ceremonies are kept when not in use. ④ The clanhouse usually consists of a room adjoining the dwelling of the senior female member of the clan. ⑤ This woman is in charge of storing ritual equipment and of seeing to it that they are treated with the proper respect. ⑥ There is also a male head of each clan whose duties likewise are partly religious because he is in charge of the performance of ceremonies owned by his clan. ⑦ A male clan head passes his position down to either his younger brother or his sister's son. ⑧ In this way, culturally important ritual knowledge is kept within the clan.
① 호피족의 종교는 해마다 요구되는 많은 의식이 기재된 종교의식 달력으로 특징지어진다. ② 대부분의 경우, 각 의식은 특정 씨족의 일원들에 의해 주관된다. ③ 마을에 있는 모든 씨족은, 의식에 사용되는 가면과 다른 신성한 도구들을 쓰지 않을 때 보관해두는 씨족회관을 보유한다. ④ 씨족회관은 대개 씨족의 고참 여성이 사는 곳과 인접해 있는 방으로 이루어져 있다. ⑤ 이 여성은 제사 도구를 보관하고, 그 도구들이 적절한 경의를 받으며 다뤄지고 있는지를 보는 임무를 맡고 있다. ⑥ 또한 각 씨족의 남성 우두머리의 임무는 마찬가지로 부분적으로 종교적인데, 그 이유는 그가 씨족에 의해 주관되는 종교의식을 수행할 책임이 있기 때문이다. ⑦ 씨족의 남성 우두머리는 자신의 지위를 남동생이나 혹은 누이의 아들에게 물려준다. ⑧ 이런 식으로, 문화적으로 중요한 종교의식에 관련된 지식이 씨족 내에서 보존된다.
1093-45
① The information processing model emphasizes rational analysis for solving problems, with an emphasis on techniques for quickly arriving at a solution. ② Culturally, this orientation fits well with the kinds of mental attributes which are normally valued by contemporary Western societies. ③ For example, Westerners tend to admire someone who is independent and quick-thinking. ④ But these characteristics are not universally valued. ⑤ Agricultural African societies, for example, valued looking at the problem in the context of the whole society, noting its impact on various features of life. ⑥ In most situations, speed in arriving at a solution was not a vital issue. ⑦ This is also found with the Cree and Ojibway in Canada. ⑧ These groups historically lived in wilderness areas and faced many hardships;. ⑨ in these circumstances, they would rarely get a second chance at solving problems. ⑩ Consequently, these Native people value taking time to reflect on a problem and mentally walk through possible solutions before any action is taken.
① 정보처리 모델은 해결 방안에 빨리 도달하기 위한 기교에 역점을 두고, 문제 해결에 이성적 분석을 강조한다. ② 문화적으로는, 이러한 방향이 보통 현대 서구사회가 중요시하는 정신적 속성들과 잘 맞는다. ③ 예를 들어, 서양인들은 자립적이고 사고가 빠른 사람을 존경하는 경향이 있다. ④ 그러나 이러한 특징들은 어디에서나 중요시되지는 않는다. ⑤ 예를 들면 농경 아프리카 사회는 삶의 다양한 면에 끼치는 영향에 주목하면서, 사회 전체의 맥락에서 문제를 보는 것을 중요시한다. ⑥ 대부분의 상황에서는 해결방안에 도달하는 속도가 중요한 문제는 아니었다. ⑦ 이것은 캐나다의 크리 족과 오지브웨이 족에게서 또한 발견된다. ⑧ 이러한 부족들은 역사적으로 황무지에서 살았고 많은 역경을 겪었다. ⑨ 이러한 환경에서 그들은 문제 해결에 좀처럼 두 번의 기회를 거의 얻지 못했다. ⑩ 결과적으로 이러한 원주민들은 시간을 갖고 문제에 대해 심사숙고하고, 어떠한 조치가 취해지기 전에 가능한 해결책들을 마음속으로 검토해 보는 것을 중요시 한다.
1093-4647
① The other day an acquaintance of mine, a sociable and charming man, told me he had found himself unexpectedly 'alone' in New York for an hour or two between appointments. ② He went to the Whitney Museum and spent the 'empty' time looking at things by himself. ③ For him it proved to be a shock nearly as great as falling in love to discover that he could enjoy himself so much alone. ④ What had he been afraid of ? ⑤ I asked myself . ⑥ That, suddenly alone, he would discover that he bored himself, or that there was, quite simply, no self there to meet? ⑦ But having taken the first step into this new world, he is now about to begin a new adventure;. ⑧ he is about to be launched into his own inner space, space as immense, unexplored, and sometimes frightening as outer space to the astronaut. ⑨ His every perception will come to him with a new freshness and, for a time, seem startlingly original. ⑩ For anyone who can see things for himself with a naked eye becomes, for a moment or two, something of a genius. ⑪ With another human being present vision becomes double vision, inevitably. ⑫ We are busy wondering, what does my companion see or think of this, and what do I think of it? ⑬ The original impact gets lost. ⑭ "Music I heard with you was more than music." ⑮ Exactly. ⑯ And therefore music 'itself' can only be heard alone. ⑰ Solitude is the salt of personhood. ⑱ It brings out the authentic flavor of every experience.
① 일전에 내가 알고 지내던 사교적이고 매력적인 남자가 내게 약속 시간 사이에 한두 시간 동안 뉴욕에서 뜻밖에 '홀로' 있는 자신을 발견했다고 말했다. ② 그는 Whitney Museum에 가서 혼자 전시물을 보면서 '비어 있는' 시간을 보냈다. ③ 그에게 있어서, 혼자서도 충분히 즐거울 수 있다는 것을 알게 된 것은 거의 사랑에 빠지는 것만큼이나 큰 충격이었다. ④ 그는 무엇을 두려워했던가? ⑤ 나는 자신에게 물었다. ⑥ 돌연히 혼자서, 그가 자신을 지루해 한다는 것 또는 거기에는 충족시킬 자아가 전혀 없다는 것을 알게 되는 것? ⑦ 하지만 그는 이러한 새로운 세상에 첫걸음을 내디디면서, 이제 새로운 모험을 막 시작했다. ⑧ 그는 우주비행사에게 우주만큼이나 광대하고, 탐험되지 않았으며, 때로는 무시무시한 공간인 자신의 정신세계로 막 진출하게 되었다. ⑨ 그의 모든 지각은 그에게 새로운 신선함으로 다가올 것이며 잠시 동안은 놀랍게도 독창적인 것처럼 보일 것이다. ⑩ 육안으로 혼자서 사물을 볼 수 있는 사람은 누구나 잠시 동안은 어느 정도 천재가 되기 때문이다. ⑪ 다른 사람이 있으면, 시야는 불가피하게 이중이 된다. ⑫ 우리는 내 동료가 무엇을 보는지 또는 이것에 관해 어떻게 생각하는지, 그리고 내가 그것에 관해 어떻게 생각하는지를 궁금해 하느라 분주해진다. ⑬ 독창적인 효과는 사라진다. ⑭ "당신과 함께 들은 음악은 음악 이상이었어요." ⑮ 정말 맞는 말이다. ⑯ 그리고 따라서 음악 '그 자체'는 혼자서만 (제대로) 들을 수 있다. ⑰ 고독이 개성을 잘 드러내 준다. ⑱ 그것은 모든 경험의 진정한 맛을 이끌어 낸다.
1093-4850
① My grandmother's kitchen was overflowing with food. ② She raised her daughters to keep an extra box and bottle unopened in the cupboard for every bottle and box that was in use. ③ Although she died before I was born, I was raised by her eldest daughter to do this same thing. ④ Absentminded as I am, I often find I have accumulated two or even three extras of anything in my house. ⑤ But this abundance did not mean that things were to be wasted. ⑥ Everything was always used to the full. ⑦ Even the tea bags were used twice. ⑧ There is a family story told about my grandmother's refrigerator. ⑨ Her refrigerator was always full to the very edges and every shelf was put to use. ⑩ Occasionally when someone, usually a child, opened it without sufficient caution, an egg would fall out and break on the kitchen floor. ⑪ My grandmother's response was always the same. ⑫ She would look at the broken egg with satisfaction. ⑬ "Aha," she would say, "today we have a sponge cake!" ⑭ Befriending life is not always about having things your own way. ⑮ Life is impermanent and full of broken eggs. ⑯ But what is true of eggs is even more true of pain and loss and suffering. ⑰ Certain things are too important to be wasted. ⑱ When I was sixteen, just after the doctor came and informed me that I had a disease that no one knew how to cure, my mother had reminded me of this. ⑲ I had turned toward her in shock, but she did not cuddle or soothe. ⑳ Instead she reached out and took me by the hand. ㉑ "We will make a sponge cake," she told me firmly. ㉒ It has taken many years to find the recipe, the one that is my own, but I knew in that moment that this was what I needed to do.
① 내 할머니의 부엌은 음식으로 넘쳐났다. ② 그녀는 사용하는 모든 병과 통을 위해 찬장에는 개봉하지 않은 여분의 통과 병을 보관하도록 딸들을 키웠다. ③ 그녀는 내가 태어나기도 전에 돌아가셨지만, 나는 그녀의 장녀에 의해서 똑같이 하도록 (배우면서) 자라났다. ④ 비록 내가 별 생각이 없을 때에도, 나는 때로 집에 둘 또는 심지어 세 개의 여분의 것들을 모아놓고 있었다는 것을 알게 된다. ⑤ 하지만 이러한 풍부함이 물건들을 낭비되게 하는 것을 의미하지는 않았다. ⑥ 모든 것은 항상 최대한도로 사용되었다. ⑦ 심지어 티백들도 두번 사용되어졌다. ⑧ 나의 할머니 냉장고에 대해 전해지는 가족 이야기가 있다. ⑨ 그녀의 냉장고는 항상 아주 구석까지 가득 차 있었으며 모든 선반이 활용되었다. ⑩ 가끔 누군가가, 보통은 어린아이지만, 충분히 주의를 기울이지 않고 그것을 열 때, 계란 하나가 떨어져서 부엌 바닥에 깨지곤 하였다. ⑪ (그에 대한) 할머니의 반응은 항상 같았다. ⑫ 그녀는 만족스럽게 깨진 계란을 바라보곤 하셨다. ⑬ 그녀는 "아, 오늘 우리는 스펀지케이크를 먹는단다"라고 말씀하셨다. ⑭ 삶을 돌보는 것이 항상 자신의 방식으로 일을 하는 것은 아니다. ⑮ 삶은 일시적이며, 깨진 계란들로 가득 차 있다. ⑯ 계란에 적용되는 것은 고통과 상실, 그리고 아픔에도 훨씬 더 잘 적용된다. ⑰ 어떤 것들은 헛되이 낭비하기에는 너무도 중요하다. ⑱ 내가 열여섯 살 때, 의사가 와서 아무도 치료법을 모르는 질병에 내가 걸렸다는 것을 내게 알려준 직후에, 어머니께서는 내게 이것을 깨닫게 해주셨다. ⑲ 나는 충격을 받아 그녀를 향해 돌아봤지만, 그녀는 꼭 껴안아 주거나 위로해 주지도 않았다. ⑳ 대신, 그녀는 (손을) 뻗어 내 손을 잡았다. ㉑ "우리는 스펀지케이크를 만들 거란다"라고 그녀는 내게 단호한 어조로 말했다. ㉒ 내 자신의 조리법을 발견하는 데는 많은 시간이 걸렸지만, 나는 그 순간 이것이 내가 할 필요가 있는 것이라는 것을 알았다.
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10년 9월 고3 영어 모의고사 한문장해석 영+한
고등모의 [워크북]/고32019. 10. 30. 18:42
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THE BLUET 1093 | Since 2005 임희재 블루티쳐 | 01033383436 | wayne.tistory.com | wayne36@daum.net | 191030 18:42:06
한 문장씩 자세히 보기-영한
1093-18
1. I was pleased to receive your letter requesting a letter of reference for a Future Leaders scholarship.
Future Leaders 장학금 신청용 추천서를 써 달라고 요구하는 당신의 편지를 받고 반가웠습니다.
2. As your physics teacher, I can certainly speak highly of your academic abilities.
당신의 물리 교사로서 나는 당신의 학문적 능력에 대해 분명히 높이 평가하여 말할 수 있습니다.
3. Your grades have consistently been A's and B's in my class.
내가 담당하는 학급에서 당신의 성적은 일관되게 A와 B를 기록하였습니다.
4. Since this is the first semester that I have had you in class, however, I do not feel that I am the right person to provide information on your leadership skills.
그렇지만, 이번이 내가 당신을 학급에서 가르친 첫 번째 학기이므로, 내가 당신의 지도력에 대한 정보를 제공할 적절한 사람이라고 생각하지는 않습니다.
5. I would encourage you to request a reference letter from those teachers with whom you have had the most opportunity to demonstrate those skills.
당신이 그러한 능력을 보여줄 기회가 가장 많았던 교사들에게 추천서를 써 달라고 요청할 것을 권하고 싶습니다.
6. I am sure many teachers would be willing to provide letters for you.
많은 교사들이 기꺼이 당신을 위해서 추천서를 써 줄 것이라고 확신합니다.
7. Good luck with your scholarship.
당신의 장학금 신청에 좋은 결과가 있기를 바랍니다.
1093-19
1. There was a girl who grew flowers in New Jersey and sometimes took flowers to customers on Staten Island.
New Jersey에서 꽃을 기르며 때때로 Staten Island에 있는 고객들에게 꽃을 가져다주는 어떤 소녀가 있었다.
2. To get there, she had to go over a bridge paying a toll of $2.50.
그곳으로 가려면, 그녀는 2달러 50센트의 통행료를 지불하고 다리를 건너가야 했다.
3. One day, as she was approaching the toll booth, she saw a toll booth attendant who reminded her of her mother.
어느 날 그녀가 통행료 징수소에 가까워지고 있을 때, 그녀는 그녀에게 자신의 어머니가 생각나게 하는 통행료 징수소 직원을 보았다.
4. As she reached in her pocket, she found she had no money but a half dollar.
그녀가 그녀의 주머니를 뒤져 보았을 때, 그녀는 자신에게 돈이 50센트밖에 없다는 것을 발견했다.
5. Not knowing what to do, she handed the coin to her and asked nervously, "Want to buy a fresh red rose?"
어찌할 바를 모르고, 그녀는 그 동전을 그녀에게 주고, 불안해하면서 다음과 같이 물었다, "싱싱한 빨간 장미를 사시겠어요?"
6. The attendant looked surprised at first, but glancing at the cars piling up behind her, she took two dollars from her purse and rang it up on the cash register.
처음에 그 직원은 놀랐으나, 그녀 뒤에 차들이 줄지어 밀려 있는 것을 보고서, 그녀는 자신의 지갑에서 2달러를 꺼내서 현금 등록기에 넣었다.
7. "Yes, I'll take it," she said with a smile.
"예, 사겠어요", 그녀는 미소를 지으며 말했다.
8. "And I suppose the price is two dollars even, right?"
"그런데 내 생각에 가격이 딱 2달러이겠군요, 맞죠?"
1093-20
1. The phrase, 'jack-of-all-trades' is a shortened version of 'jack of all trades and master of none.'
'jack-of-all-trades(만물박사)'라는 말은 'jack of all trades and master of none(모든 일을 다 잘하지만 정말 잘하는 것은 없는 사람)'이 축약된 형태이다.
2. It refers to those who claim to be proficient at countless tasks, but cannot perform a single one of them well.
그것은 수많은 업무에 능숙하다고 주장하지만, 그것들 중 한 가지도 잘 수행하지 못하는 사람들을 가리킨다.
3. The phrase was first used in England at the start of the Industrial Revolution.
이 말은 산업혁명이 시작될 때에 영국에서 처음 사용되었다.
4. A large number of efficiency experts set up shop in London, advertising themselves as knowledgeable about every type of new manufacturing process, trade, and business.
많은 수의 효율성 전문가들이 모든 유형의 새로운 제조 과정, 무역, 사업에 대해 잘 알고 있다고 자신들을 광고하면서 런던에 사무소를 차렸다.
5. For a substantial fee, they would impart their knowledge to their clients.
상당한 액수의 비용을 받고, 그들은 자신들의 지식을 고객들에게 알려주곤 했다.
6. But it soon became evident that their knowledge was limited and of no practical value.
하지만 얼마 안 가서 그들의 지식은 제한되어 있으며 현실적으로 아무런 가치가 없다는 사실이 분명해졌다.
7. Doubtful industrialists started calling these self-appointed experts 'jacks of all trades and masters of none.'
의심을 품게 된 생산업자들은 이러한 자칭 전문가라고 주장하는 사람들을 'jacks of all trades and masters of none'이라고 부르기 시작했다.
8. These experts are still with us, and as a result so is the phrase.
이러한 전문가들은 아직도 우리 주변에 있으며, 그 결과 이 말 또한 우리 곁에 있다.
1093-21
1. Mr. Potter was sailing for Europe on one of the greatest transatlantic ocean liners.
Potter 씨가 아주 큰 대서양 횡단 정기 여객선을 타고 유럽으로 가고 있었다.
2. When he went on board, he found another passenger was to share the cabin with him.
배에 탔을 때, 그는 다른 한 명의 승객이 자신과 선실을 함께 사용하게 될 거라는 사실을 알게 되었다.
3. After going to see the accommodations, he came up to the purser's desk and inquired if he could leave his valuables in the ship's safe.
숙박시설을 살펴본 후에, 그는 선박의 사무장의 자리로 와서 자신의 귀중품들을 배의 금고에 보관해 둘 수 있겠느냐고 물었다.
4. Mr. Potter explained that ordinarily he never availed himself of that privilege, but he had been to his cabin and had met the man who was to occupy the other bed.
Potter 씨는 평소에는 그러한 특권을 전혀 이용하지 않지만, 자신의 선실에 갔었는데 다른 한 쪽 침대를 사용할 남자를 만났다고 설명했다.
5. Judging from his appearance, he was afraid that he might not be a very trustworthy person.
그의 외모로 판단하건대, 그다지 신뢰할 만한 사람이 아닐지도 모른다는 사실이 그는 두려웠다.
6. The purser accepted the responsibility for the valuables and remarked , "It's all right.
선박의 사무장은 귀중품 보관 책임을 받아들이면서 다음과 같이 말했다, "괜찮습니다.
7. I'll be very glad to take care of them for you.
손님을 위해서 기꺼이 그것들을 보관해 드릴게요.
8. The other man has been up here and left his valuables for the same reason!"
다른 한 분도 여기에 와서 그와 똑같은 이유로 자신의 귀중품들을 맡겨 놓았답니다."
1093-22
1. Geothermal heat, generated inside the Earth, helps keep the temperature of the ground at a depth of several meters at a nearly constant temperature of about 10°C to 20°C.
지구 내부에서 발생하는 지열은 수 미터 깊이 땅의 온도를 10℃에서 20℃ 정도의 거의 일정한 온도로 유지하는 데 도움이 된다.
2. This constant temperature can be used to cool and heat buildings by using a heat pump.
열펌프를 사용함으로써 이러한 일정한 온도가 건물을 시원하게 하거나 따뜻하게 하는 데 이용될 수 있다.
3. A heat pump contains a water-filled loop of pipe, which is buried to a depth where the temperature is nearly constant.
열펌프는 물로 채워진 고리 모양의 파이프를 포함하는데, 이러한 파이프가 온도가 거의 일정한 깊이에 묻히게 된다.
4. In summer, warm water from the building is pumped through the pipe down into the ground, since the underground temperature is lower than the air temperature.
여름에는 땅 속의 온도가 공기의 온도보다 더 낮으므로, 건물에서 나온 따뜻한 물이 펌프를 통해 땅 속으로 보내진다.
5. The water cools and then is pumped back to the building where it absorbs more heat, and the cycle is repeated.
물이 냉각되고 그런 다음에 펌프에 의해 다시 건물로 보내지는데, 거기서 물은 더 많은 열을 흡수하게 되며, 순환 주기가 되풀이된다.
1093-23
1. Comparing yourself with others is natural and can be motivational.
당신 자신을 다른 사람들과 비교하는 것은 자연스러운 일이며 동기 유발이 될 수 있다.
2. However, too much of it leads to envy, especially if you're ungenerous toward yourself.
그렇지만, 그것이 너무 지나치면, 특히 자신에 대해 관대하지 않은 경우에는 질투심이 생기게 될 수 있다.
3. Instead, try measuring your present self against your past self.
대신에, 현재의 당신 자신을 과거의 자신과 대비하여 측정해 보라.
4. When I asked a salesperson to map his sales performance, he was amazed to see that he had achieved a 5% to 10% annual increase in sales while at his firm.
내가 어떤 영업사원에게 그의 판매 실적을 조사해 보라고 요청했을 때, 그는 회사에 근무하는 동안에 자신의 판매 실적이 해마다 5퍼센트에서 10퍼센트 정도 증가했다는 사실을 알고는 놀랐다.
5. This made him feel more self-confident and lessened his resentment toward his colleagues.
이것으로 인해 그는 더 많은 자신감을 갖게 되었으며, 자신의 동료들에 대한 적개심을 줄이게 되었다.
6. If you feel threatened every time a perceived rival does well, remind yourself of your own strengths and successes.
라이벌로 생각하는 사람이 잘 해낼 때마다 위협을 느낀다면, 당신의 장점들과 당신이 거둔 성공들에 대해 생각하라.
1093-24
1. Michael dared to look inside the window, but from the deep shadow of the trees and the gloom within, he could not clearly make out the objects within.
Michael은 용기를 내어 창문 안을 들여다보았지만 짙은 나무 그림자와 내부의 어둠으로 인하여 내부의 사물을 명확하게 판별할 수 없었다.
2. Although every nerve in his body cautioned otherwise, he slowly pushed open the door.
그의 몸의 모든 신경이 그러지 말라고 경고를 하고 있음에도 불구하고 그는 천천히 문을 열었다.
3. The door creaked as it swung back.
문은 삐걱거리는 소리를 내며 돌았다.
4. As he carefully took a step inside, the door slammed shut.
그가 조심스럽게 안으로 한 발짝 들어가자 문은 세게 닫혔다.
5. Michael's futile attempts to open the door only increased his panic.
Michael의 문을 열고자 했던 헛된 노력은 그에게 공포심을 증가시킬 뿐이었다.
6. He tried to calm his thundering heart by repeating to himself, "I am not afraid.
그는 "난 두렵지 않아.
7. I am not afraid," but to no avail.
두렵지 않다고"라고 혼잣말을 되풀이함으로써 쿵쾅거리는 마음을 진정시키려고 노력했으나, 헛된 일이었다.
8. He suddenly felt an uneasy darkness consume him from within.
그는 갑자기 불안한 어둠이 그의 마음을 속으로부터 빼앗아 가고 있다는 느낌을 받았다.
9. He opened his mouth to call for help, but his words failed him.
그는 도움을 요청하기 위해 입을 열었으나, 말이 나오질 않았다.
1093-25
1. Errors and failures typically corrupt all human designs.
일반적으로 실수와 실패는 인간의 모든 설계들을 못 쓰게 만든다.
2. Indeed, the failure of a single component of your car's engine could force you to call for a tow truck.
실제로 자동차 엔진 부품 중 단 하나만이라도 고장 나면 당신은 견인트럭을 불러야 할 것이다.
3. Similarly, a tiny wiring error in your computer's circuits can mean throwing the whole computer out.
마찬가지로 컴퓨터 회로의 배선에 있어서 작은 실수 때문에 컴퓨터 전체를 내버려야 할 수 있다.
4. Natural systems are different, though.
하지만 자연계는 다르다.
5. Throughout Earth's history, an estimated 3 million to 100 million species have disappeared, which means that this year somewhere between three and a hundred species will vanish.
지구 역사 전체에 걸쳐서 300만에서 1억에 이르는 종이 사라졌다고 추측되며, 이는 올해 어딘가에서 3에서 100에 이르는 종이 사라질 것임을 의미한다.
6. However, such natural extinctions appear to cause little harm.
그러나 그러한 자연의 멸종은 거의 해를 끼치지 않는 것 같다.
7. Over millions of years the ecosystem has developed an amazing insensitivity to errors and failures, surviving even such drastic events as the impact of the Yucatan meteorite, which killed tens of thousands of species.
수백 만 년 이상 동안 생태계는 실수와 잘못에 대한 놀라울 정도의 무감각을 발휘하여, 수만 종을 파멸시켰던 유카탄에 떨어진 운석의 충격 같은 극단적인 사건에서도 살아남았다.
1093-26
1. Unlike deviance in other settings, deviance in sports often involves an unquestioned acceptance of and extreme conformity to norms and expectations.
다른 분야에서의 일탈과는 달리 스포츠에서의 일탈은 종종 규범과 기대에 대한 아무런 의심 없는 수용과 극단적인 순응을 수반한다.
2. For example, most North Americans see playing football as a positive activity.
예를 들어, 대부분의 북아메리카 인들은 미식축구 경기에 참여하는 것을 적극적 활동으로 간주한다.
3. Young men are encouraged to 'be all they can be' as football players and to live by slogans such as There is no 'I' in t-e-a-m.
젊은 사람들은 미식축구 선수로서 자신의 최고의 모습을 보이고, "팀에 '나'라는 존재는 없다"라는 말과 같은 슬로건으로 살아가도록 격려 받는다.
4. They are encouraged to increase their weight and strength, so that they can play more effectively and contribute to the success of their teams.
그들은 체중과 힘을 증가시켜서 좀 더 효과적으로 경기를 하고 팀의 성공에 기여하라고 격려 받는다.
5. When young men go too far in their acceptance of expectations to become bigger and stronger, when they are so committed to playing football and improving their skills on the field that they use muscle-building drugs, they become deviant.
젊은 사람들이 좀 더 몸집이 커지고 힘이 세어지리라는 기대를 지나칠 정도로 수용하게 될 때, 그들이 경기장에서 미식축구 경기를 하는 것과 기술을 향상시키는 것에 지나칠 정도로 전념하여 근육을 형성하는 약물을 복용하게 될 때, 그들은 일탈하게 된다.
6. This type of 'overdoing-it-deviance' is dangerous, but it is grounded in completely different social dynamics from the dynamics that occur in the 'antisocial deviance' enacted by alienated young people who reject commonly accepted rules and expectations.
이러한 유형의 '과잉 행동 일탈'은 위험한 것이지만, 그것은 일반적으로 받아들여지는 규칙과 기대를 거부하는 소외된 젊은 사람들에 의해 이루어지는 '반사회적 일탈'에서 발생하는 역학과는 완전히 다른 사회적 역학에 근거한다.
1093-27
1. Time pressure leads to frustration, and when we are frustrated or experience other negative emotions, our thinking becomes narrower and less creative.
시간적 압박은 좌절감을 가져오며, 우리가 좌절감을 느끼거나 다른 부정적 감정을 경험할 때 우리의 사고는 점점 더 좁아지고 창의력이 떨어지게 된다.
2. However, people are unaware of this phenomenon and live under the illusion that when they are experiencing time pressure, they are also more creative.
그러나 사람들은 이러한 현상을 지각하지 못하여, 시간적 압박을 느끼고 있을 때 창의력이 높아진다는 허상을 갖고 살아간다.
3. This explains why time pressure is pervasive and to some extent accounts for the increase in rates of depression.
이는 시간적 압박이 널리 퍼지게 된 이유를 설명하고, 우울함의 속도 상승을 어느 정도 설명해 준다.
4. We are generally too busy trying to squeeze more and more activities into less and less time.
전체적으로 우리는 보다 짧은 시간에 보다 많은 활동을 짜내려고 애쓰느라 너무나도 바쁘다.
5. Consequently, we fail to enjoy potential sources of happiness that may be all around us.
그 결과 우리는 우리 주변 어디에나 있을 수 있는 행복의 잠재적 출처들을 누리지 못한다.
6. To enjoy the richness that life has to offer, we need to take our time.
삶이 제공해야 하는 풍요로움을 누리기 위해 우리는 시간적 여유를 가질 필요가 있다.
1093-28
1. With no attempt there can be no failure and with no failure no humiliation.
아무런 시도가 없으면 어떠한 실패도 없으며, 아무런 실패가 없으면 어떠한 굴욕도 있을 수 없다.
2. So our self-esteem in this world depends entirely on what we back ourselves to be and do.
그러므로 이 세상에서의 우리의 자부심은 전적으로 우리가 스스로에게 되라고 그리고 하라고 후원하는 것에 달려있다.
3. It is determined by the ratio of our actualities to our supposed potentialities.
그것은 우리가 가상하는 잠재력에 대한 우리의 현실의 비율에 의해 결정된다.
4. Thus, success divided by pretensions equals self-esteem.
그러므로 성공을 가식으로 나눈 것이 자부심과 같은 것이다.
5. This illustrates how every rise in our levels of expectation entails a rise in the dangers of humiliation.
이는 우리의 기대 수준의 모든 상승이 굴욕의 위험성의 상승을 가져오는 방식을 설명한다.
6. What we understand to be normal is critical in determining our chances of happiness.
우리가 평범하다고 이해하는 것이 우리의 행복 가능성을 결정함에 있어서 중요한 것이다.
7. It also hints at two ways for raising our self-esteem.
한편으로 우리는 보다 많은 것을 성취하려고 노력할 수 있고, 다른 한편으로 우리는 성취하기를 바라는 것들의 수를 줄일 수 있다.
8. On the one hand, we may try to achieve more; and on the other, we may reduce the number of things we want to achieve.
후자의 접근방식이 갖는 장점은 다음과 같이 "가식을 포기하는 것이 만족감을 느끼게 하는 것만큼이나 행복한 위안이 된다.
9. The advantages of the latter approach lie in the following statement: To give up pretensions is as blessed a relief as to get them gratified.
"는 말에 들어 있다.
1093-29
1. For many people 'nature' is defined as a negative: It exists where people do not.
많은 사람들에게 '자연'은 부정적인 것으로 규정되어, 그것은 사람이 존재하지 않는 곳에 존재한다.
2. Nature lies outside the urban and agricultural realms, in regions of Earth where natural processes are unhindered.
자연은 도시와 농촌 지역 외부에, 다시 말해 자연의 과정이 방해받지 않는 지구의 지역에 존재한다.
3. Nature is where fallen logs rot and acorns grow, wildfires turn woodlands into meadows, and barrier islands shift with the currents ― all without human interference.
자연은 쓰러진 통나무가 썩는 곳과 도토리가 자라는 곳, 산불이 삼림지대를 초원으로 바꾸는 곳, 그리고 보초 섬이 해류와 함께 이동하는 곳―인간의 간섭이 없는 모든 곳―에 존재한다.
4. By extension, this definition suggests that nature is best protected by keeping humans far away, so that it can continue to run itself.
더 나아가 이러한 정의는 자연은 인간을 멀리 떨어지게 하여 계속 자체의 모습을 유지하게 함으로써 가장 잘 보호될 수 있음을 암시한다.
5. But there is a serious problem with this view.
그러나 이러한 관점에는 심각한 문제가 있다.
6. If nature is defined as a landscape uninfluenced by humankind, then there is no nature on the planet at all.
자연이 인류에 의해 영향을 받지 않는 경치로 정의된다면, 지구상에 자연은 전혀 존재하지 않게 된다.
7. Prehistoric peoples changed their surrounding ecosystems, whether by installing orchards in the Amazon or by hunting many large mammals to extinction in North America.
선사시대의 사람들은 아마존에 과수원을 조성하는 방식으로든 또는 북아메리카에서 많은 커다란 포유동물을 사냥하여 멸종시키는 방식으로든 자신을 에워싸는 생태계를 변화시켰다.
8. And modern humans are changing the global environment even more profoundly, whether through planet-wide climate change, or by the worldwide movement of synthetic chemicals through the food chain.
그리고 현대 인류는 지구 전역의 기후 변화를 통해서든 인공 화합물을 먹이사슬을 통해 세계 전역으로 이동시킴에 의해서든 지구의 환경을 훨씬 더 깊이 변화시키고 있다.
1093-30
1. The most obvious salient feature of moral agents is a capacity for rational thought.
도덕적 행위자로서의 인간의 가장 명백한 두드러진 특징은 이성적인 사고를 할 수 있는 능력이다.
2. This is an uncontested necessary condition for any form of moral agency, since we all accept that people who are incapable of reasoned thought cannot be held morally responsible for their actions.
이성적인 사고를 할 수 없는 사람들은 그들의 행동에 대해 도덕적인 책임을 질 수 없다고 우리 모두 받아들이기 때문에 이것은 어떤 유형의 도덕적 행위자로서의 인간에게 있어서도 논쟁의 여지가 없이 필요한 조건이다.
3. However, if we move beyond this uncontroversial salient feature of moral agents, then the most salient feature of actual flesh-and-blood (as opposed to ridiculously idealized) individual moral agents is surely the fact that every moral agent brings multiple perspectives to bear on every moral problem situation.
하지만 이렇게 논란의 여지가 없는 두드러진 특징을 넘어서면, (터무니없이 이상적인 것과는 대조적으로) 실제로 현재 살아 있는 도덕적 행위자로서의 인간 각자의 가장 두드러진 특징은 분명히 어떤 도덕적인 문제가 있는 상황에서도 도덕적 행위자로서의 인간이라면 누구든지 지니고 있는 다양한 견해를 제시한다는 사실이다.
4. That is, there is no one-size-fits-all answer to the question "What are the basic ways in which moral agents wish to affect others?"
즉, "도덕적 행위자로서의 인간이 다른 사람들에게 영향을 미치는 기본적인 방법은 무엇인가"라는 질문에 대해 두루 적용되도록 만들어진 답은 없다.
5. Rather, moral agents wish to affect 'others' in different ways depending upon who these 'others' are.
오히려, 도덕적 행위자로서의 인간은 이러한 "다른 사람들이" 누구냐에 따라서 다른 방식으로 "다른 사람들"에게 영향을 미치기를 바란다.
1093-31
1. When it comes to food choices, young people are particularly vulnerable to peer influences.
음식을 선택하는 데 있어서 젊은 사람들은 특히 또래의 영향에 취약하다.
2. A teenage girl may eat nothing but a lettuce salad for lunch, even though she will become hungry later, because that is what her friends are eating.
십대의 소녀는 상추 샐러드가 그녀의 친구들이 먹는 것이기 때문에 나중에 배가 고플지라도 점심으로 상추 샐러드만 먹을지도 모른다.
3. A slim boy who hopes to make the wrestling team may routinely overload his plate with foods that are dense in carbohydrates and proteins to 'bulk up' like the wrestlers of his school.
레슬링 팀을 만들고 싶어 하는 호리호리한 소년은 자기 학교의 레슬링 선수들처럼 '몸집을 불리기' 위해 판에 박힌 듯이 자기 접시를 탄수화물과 단백질이 많은 음식으로 가득 채울지 모른다.
4. An overweight teen may eat moderately while around his friends but then devour huge portions when alone.
과체중의 십대는 주변에 친구들이 있을 때는 적당히 먹을지 모르지만, 혼자 있게 되면 많은 양을 게걸스럽게 먹게 된다.
5. Few young people are completely free of food-related pressures from peers, whether or not these pressures are imposed intentionally.
음식과 관련된 압박이 의도적으로 강요된 것이든 혹은 그렇지 않든 또래들로부터 그러한 압박에서 완전히 자유로운 젊은 사람들은 거의 없다.
1093-32
1. It is said that although people laugh in the same way, they don't necessarily laugh at the same things.
사람들이 똑같은 방식으로 웃지만, 그들이 반드시 똑같은 것에 대해 웃는 것은 아니라고 이야기된다.
2. If this is true of a single community, it is even more true of people who live in different societies, because the topics that people find amusing, and the occasions that are regarded as appropriate for joking, can vary enormously from one society to the next.
이것이 단일 공동체에 적용된다면, 그것은 다양한 사회에서 사는 사람들에게는 훨씬 더 많이 적용된다, 왜냐하면 사람들이 재미있다고 느끼는 주제와 농담을 하기에 적절하다고 여기는 경우가 문화마다 매우 다양할 수 있기 때문이다.
3. Some styles of humor with silly actions are guaranteed to raise a laugh everywhere.
바보 같아 보이는 행동과 관련된 어떤 스타일의 유머는 어느 곳에서든지 웃음을 자아내는 것으로 보장된다.
4. But because of their reliance on shared assumptions, most jokes travel very badly.
그러나 공유되는 가정에 대한 의존 때문에 대부분의 농담은 매우 잘(→ 형편없이) 전해진다.
5. This is particularly noticeable in the case of jokes that involve a play on words.
이것은 특히 언어의 유희가 포함된 농담의 경우에서 눈에 띈다.
6. They are difficult, and in some cases virtually impossible to translate into other languages.
그러한 농담은 어려운데, 사실 어떤 경우에는 다른 언어로 번역하기가 불가능하다.
7. Therefore, this is why people's attempts to tell jokes to foreigners are so often met with blank stares.
그래서 이러한 이유 때문에 외국인에게 농담을 말하려는 사람들의 시도가 아주 종종 멍하니 응시하는 것에 부딪치게 된다.
1093-33
1. Many grocery stores give the shopper the option of paper or plastic grocery bags.
많은 식료품점에는 쇼핑객들에게 식료품용으로 종이봉투나 비닐봉투를 선택하도록 한다.
2. Many people instinctively say that paper is less harmful to the environment ― after all, paper is biodegradable and recyclable.
많은 사람들은 종이가 환경에 덜 해롭다고 본능적으로 말한다 - 결국 종이는 생물 분해성이 있고 재활용할 수 있다.
3. In contrast, most plastic is manufactured using oil by-products and natural gas.
대조적으로, 대부분의 비닐은 석유 부산물과 천연 가스를 사용해서 제조된다.
4. Plastic is not always easily or economically recyclable, and once manufactured, plastic may last virtually indefinitely.
비닐은 항상 쉽게 경제적으로 재활용할 수 있는 것은 아니며 일단 제조되면 사실상 영구적이다.
5. Yet in the United States, paper products are the single largest component of municipal waste.
하지만 미국에서 종이 제품은 도시 쓰레기 중에서 단일 구성 요소로는 가장 많다.
6. Even though paper products may theoretically be biodegradable, in most landfills, they do not biodegrade.
종이 제품이 이론적으로는 생물 분해성이 있다고 할지라도, 대부분의 쓰레기 매립지에서 그것이 자연 분해되는 것은 아니다.
7. Furthermore, paper production emits air pollution, specifically 70 percent more pollution than the production of plastic bags.
더욱이, 종이 생산에는 특히 비닐 봉투를 생산할 때보다 70퍼센트 더 많은 공기 오염이 수반된다.
8. And consider that making paper uses trees that could be absorbing carbon dioxide.
그리고 종이를 만드는 데는 이산화탄소를 흡수할 수 있는 나무를 사용한다는 점을 고려하라.
9. The paper bag making process also results in three times more water pollutants than making plastic bags.
종이봉투 제작 과정에는 또한 비닐봉투 제작보다 세 배나 더 많은 수질 오염 물질이 생긴다.
1093-34
1. While predictions about the future are always difficult, one can be made with certainty.
미래에 대한 예측은 항상 어렵지만 한 가지는 확실히 할 수 있다.
2. People will find themselves in large numbers of interactions where intercultural communication skills will be essential.
사람들은 이종(異種) 문화 간의 의사소통이 필수적인 수많은 상호작용 속에서 스스로를 발견할 것이다.
3. There are several reasons for such prediction.
그러한 예측에는 몇 가지 이유가 있다.
4. Some reasons include increasing amounts of contact brought on by overseas assignments in the business world, the movement of college students spending time in other countries, and increasing amounts of international travel among tourists.
몇 가지 이유에는 비즈니스 세계에서 해외 업무로 인해 생기는 계약의 증가, 다른 나라에서 시간을 보내는 대학생들의 이동, 여행객들 사이에서 해외여행의 증가 등이 포함된다.
5. Others relate to social changes within any one large and complex nation: affirmative action, the movement of immigrants and refugees, bilingual education programs, and movement away from the goal that ethnic minorities become a part of a 'melting pot.'
다른 이유들은 크고 복잡한 어떤 한 나라에서의 소수민족 차별 철폐 조치, 이주자와 난민의 이동, 2개 언어 병용 교육 프로그램, 소수 민족 집단이 '용광로'의 한 부분이 되는 목표로부터 멀어지는 움직임과 같은 사회적인 변화와 관련된다.
6. Therefore, it is essential that people research the cultures and communication conventions of those whom they propose to meet in the future.
그러므로 사람들이 미래에 만나려고 꾀하는 사람들의 문화와 의사소통상의 관습을 연구하는 것은 필수적이다.
1093-35
1. A famous psychiatrist was leading a symposium on the methods of getting patients to open up about themselves.
한 유명한 정신과 의사가 환자들로 하여금 자기 자신에 대해 마음을 터놓게 하는 방법에 관한 심포지엄을 이끌고 있었다.
2. The psychiatrist challenged his colleagues with a boast: "I'll bet that my technique will enable me to get a new patient to talk about the most private things during the first session without my having to ask a question."
그 정신과 의사는 "내가 내 기술로, 질문할 필요도 없이 첫 번째 세션 중에 새로운 한 환자로 하여금 가장 사적인 것들에 대해 이야기하도록 할 수 있다고 확신합니다"라고 큰소리를 치면서 동료들의 도전 의식을 북돋았다.
3. What was his magic formula?
그의 마법의 공식은 무엇인가?
4. Simply this: He began the session by revealing to the patient something personal about himself ― secrets with which the patient might damage the doctor by breaking the confidence.
간단히 하면 다음과 같다: 그는 자신에 관한 사적인 것 즉, 그 환자가 신뢰를 깸으로써 그에게 해를 입힐 수도 있는 비밀을 그 환자에게 드러냄으로써 세션을 시작했다.
5. As he was 'maskless,' patients began to talk about their lives.
그가 '가면을 벗으면서' 환자들은 자기들의 삶에 대해 이야기하기 시작했다.
6. They opened themselves up to him because he had become an open-minded person himself, and openness evoked openness.
그 스스로가 허심탄회한 사람이 되어 있었기 때문에 그들은 그에게 마음을 터놓았고, 마음이 열림으로써 더더욱 마음이 열렸다.
7. The same principle applies to all human relationships.
동일한 원칙이 모든 인간관계에 적용된다.
8. If you dare to take the initiative in self-revelation, the other person is much more likely to reveal secrets to you.
당신이 용기를 내어 솔선하여 자기 자신을 드러내면, 다른 사람도 당신에게 비밀을 훨씬 더 잘 드러낼 것이다.
1093-36
1. The bar graph above shows the familiarity of the respondents with five prominent social media in 2007 and 2008.
위 막대그래프는 2007년과 2008년에 다섯 개의 유명한 소셜 매체에 대한 응답자의 친숙도를 보여준다.
2. According to the graph, the social media that was the most familiar in 2007 was blogging.
위 그래프에 의하면, 2007년에 가장 친숙했던 소셜 매체는 블로깅이었다.
3. In the following year, social networking became the most familiar social media.
다음 해에, 소셜 네트워킹이 가장 친숙한 소셜 매체가 되었다.
4. Video blogging, which was the least familiar social media in 2007, showed the biggest increase in familiarity among the three media that showed an increase from 2007 to 2008.
2007년에 가장 덜 친숙한 소셜 매체였던 영상 블로깅은 2007년에서 2008년까지 증가를 보여주었던 세 매체 중에서 가장 큰 친숙도의 증가를 보여주었다.
5. Wikis showed a bigger decrease in familiarity than podcasting from 2007 to 2008.
위키스는 친숙도에 있어서 2007년에서 2008년까지 팟캐스팅보다 더 큰 감소를 보여주었다.
6. In 2008, podcasting and wikis were the least familiar social media.
2008년에 팟캐스팅과 위키스는 가장 덜 친숙한 소셜 매체였다.
1093-37
1. During the early 1980s, a team of Italian scientists carried out a series of studies under a variety of circumstances on the ticklishness of people.
1980년대 초반, 한 이탈리아 과학자 팀이 다양한 상황 하에서의 사람들의 간지럼에 대한 일련의 연구를 수행했다.
2. The researchers found that people seem to have one foot that is more ticklish than the other ― and for most people it is the right.
연구원들은 사람들이 다른 발보다 더 간지럼을 타는 발이 있는 것 같아 보이며, 대부분의 사람들에게 있어서 그것은 오른발이라는 것을 발견했다.
3. The experiment was repeated in 1998 using a special way that a pointed nylon rod was stroked across the bottom of the foot three times at intervals of a second.
그 실험은 뾰족한 나일론 막대가 1초씩 간격을 두고 세 번 발바닥을 가로질러 쓰다듬어지는 특별한 방법을 사용하여 1998년에 반복되었다.
4. After applying it to thirty-four people, the researchers confirmed the original finding and pushed back the frontiers of knowledge still further by showing that males were more ticklish than females.
34명에게 그것을 적용한 후, 연구원들은 원래의 발견을 확인했고, 남성이 여성보다 더 간지럼을 탄다는 것을 보여줌으로써 그 정보의 지평을 한층 더 확장했다.
5. One suggested explanation is that the left side of the brain, which detects stimuli applied to the right foot, is associated with positive emotions such as laughter.
제안된 한 설명은 오른발에 적용되는 자극을 감지하는 뇌의 왼쪽 면이 웃음과 같은 긍정적인 감정과 연관되어 있다는 것이다.
1093-38
1. Buffon was a famous zoologist and botanist during the reign of the French monarch Louis XVI.
Buffon은 프랑스의 루이 16세 군주 통치시절의 유명한 동물학자이자 식물학자이다.
2. Buffon stocked the park at Versailles with wild animals.
Buffon은 베르사유의 공원에 야생 동물들을 들여놓았다.
3. He also expanded the botanical garden on the Left Bank in Paris.
그는 또한 파리의 Left Bank에 있는 식물원을 확장했다.
4. And with the confidence that goes with being a great collector, he began writing a comprehensive natural history of the world.
그리고 그는 위대한 수집가라는 사실에 어울리는 자신감으로 종합적인 세계 자연사에 관해 글을 쓰기 시작했다.
5. In that work, Buffon expressed the biased opinion that native animals of the New World are smaller than those of Europe, that there are fewer species of animals in America, and that even domesticated species of European animals diminished in size and vigor upon crossing the Atlantic.
그 작품에서 Buffon은 신세계(아메리카 대륙)의 토착 동물들은 유럽의 토착 동물보다 작으며, 아메리카의 동물 종의 수가 더 적고, 심지어 유럽의 길들여진 동물 종들도 대서양을 건너면서 크기와 힘이 줄어들었다는 편향된 의견을 표명했다.
6. Obviously, his opinions were not well-received and were severely criticized in America.
분명히, 그의 의견들은 환영받지 않았고 아메리카에서 혹독하게 비판을 받았다.
1093-39
1. After an event, all one has are memories of it.
한 사건이 일어난 후에, 사람이 가지고 있는 모든 것은 그것에 대한 기억이다.
2. Because most waits expect a desired outcome, it is the memory of the outcome that dominates, not the intermediate components.
대부분의 기다림은 희망했던 결과를 예상하므로, 지배하는 것은 중간의 구성 요소가 아니라 결과에 대한 기억이다.
3. If the overall outcome is pleasurable enough, any unpleasantness suffered along the way is minimized.
만약 전반적인 결과가 충분히 유쾌하다면, 중간에 겪었던 어떠한 불쾌함은 최소화된다.
4. Terence Mitchell and Leigh Thompson call this 'rosy retrospection.'
Terence Mitchell과 Leigh Thompson은 이것을 '장밋빛 회상'이라고 부른다.
5. Mitchell and his colleagues studied participants in a 12-day tour of Europe, students going home for Thanksgiving vacation and a three-week bicycle tour across California.
Mitchell과 그의 동료들은 12일간의 유럽여행 참가자들과 추수감사절 휴가로 집에 가는 학생들, 그리고 캘리포니아를 가로지르는 3주간의자전거 여행을 연구했다.
6. In all of these cases, the results were similar.
이 모든 경우에서, 결과는 비슷했다.
7. Before an event, people looked forward with positive anticipation.
사건이 일어나기 전에, 사람들은 긍정적인 기대로 미래를 바라보았다.
8. Afterward, they remembered fondly.
나중에, 그들은 좋게 기억을 했다.
9. During?
도중에는?
10. Well, reality seldom lives up to expectations, so plenty of things go wrong.
음, 현실은 좀처럼 기대에 부응하지 않으며, 너무 많은 것들이 어긋난다.
11. As memory takes over, however, the unpleasantness fades and the good parts remain, perhaps to intensify, and even get amplified beyond reality.
그러나 기억이 장악하게 되면, 그 불쾌함은 사라지고 좋은 부분이 남으며, 그것은 아마도 더욱 강렬해져서, 심지어 현실을 넘어 확대가 된다.
1093-40
1. Every day, it seems, we learn of an apology from a prominent figure in response to an indiscretion of some sort.
매일, 우리는 저명인사들로부터 일종의 무분별함에 대한 반응으로 사과를 배우는 것 같다.
2. Those in the public eye have an unfortunate tendency to apologize only after they have been found with a hand in the cookie jar.
사람들의 주목을 받는 그들은 현장에서 들킨 이후에만 사과하는 유감스러운 경향을 가지고 있다.
3. When this happens, it is only natural for a skeptical public to wonder, "Are they apologizing for their conduct, or simply because they were caught?"
이런 일이 일어나면, 회의적인 일반인이 "그들이 그들의 행위에 대해 사과하고 있는 것일까, 아니면 단지 그들이 걸렸기 때문일까" 하고 궁금해 하는 것은 지극히 당연하다.
4. To make matters worse, the wrongdoer will often use the passive voice in his or her apology: "Mistakes were made," rather than, "I made a mistake."
설상가상으로, 그 옳지 못한 사람은 흔히 사과할 때, "내가 실수를 저질렀다"라기보다는 "실수란 만들어지는 것이다" 하는 식으로 수동적인 목소리를 사용할 것이다.
5. It is more comfortable to use the passive voice here, but doing so relinquishes any sense of personal responsibility.
여기서는 수동적인 목소리를 사용하는 것이 더 편안하지만, 그렇게 하는 것은 어떤 개인적인 책임감을 저버리는 것이다.
6. It is a non-apology and is not very meaningful.
그것은 사과가 아니며 그다지 큰 의미도 없다.
1093-41
1. We can infer that there was prosperity in ancient Athens because this was a time that saw the planting of many olive trees.
고대 아테네는 많은 올리브 나무를 심었던 시기였기 때문에 우리는 고대 아테네에는 번영이 있었다고 추론할 수 있다.
2. Since olive trees do not produce their fruits for about thirty years, their planting indicates that people were optimistic about the future.
올리브 나무는 약 30년 동안 열매를 맺지 않기 때문에, 그것을 심는 것은 사람들이 미래에 대해서 낙관적이라는 것을 나타낸다.
3. The growth in the export of olive oil also encouraged the development of pottery, in which the oil was transported.
올리브유 수출의 증가 또한 그 기름이 운송된 곳의 도기류 발달을 촉진했다.
4. About 535 BC came the invention of red-figure vase painting.
기원전 535년경에 붉은 형상의 꽃병 그림의 발명이 있었다.
5. Now the whole surface of the vase was blackened, with figures picked out in the natural red.
이제 그 꽃병의 모든 표면이 자연스러운 붉은 색 속에서 쪼아낸 형상과 함께 검게 되었다.
6. This allowed much more variety and realism.
이는 훨씬 많은 다양함과 현실주의를 가능하게 했다.
7. And the prosperity brought about by the international trade in olive oil spread to the peasants and it was their rituals, with choral song and mimic dancing, that formed the basis of early theater.
그리고 국제적인 올리브유 거래가 가져온 번영은 농민들에게도 퍼졌고, 초창기 극장의 토대를 형성한 것은 합창곡과 함께 흉내며 추는 단체 무용이 있는 그들의 의식이었다.
1093-42
1. Until recently, it was generally assumed that the first humans took a northerly route to leave the African continent, walking into the Middle East and then spreading out from there.
최근까지 최초의 인류는 아프리카 대륙을 떠나기 위해 북쪽으로 가는 길을 택했고, 중동으로 걸어 들어가 거기서 뻗어 나갔다고 일반적으로 추정되었다.
2. However, mtDNA analysis now suggests the exodus may have proceeded via a more southerly route.
하지만 현재 미토콘드리아 DNA 분석은 그 이동이 더 남쪽으로 가는 길을 통해 진행되었을지도 모른다는 것을 시사한다.
3. In 2005, an international team of researchers announced that an isolated group living in Malaysia appeared to be the descendants of humans who left Africa around 65,000 years ago.
2005년에 한 국제 연구 팀이 말레이시아에 사는 한 고립된 부족이 약 65,000년 전에 아프리카를 떠났던 인간들의 후손인 것처럼 보인다고 발표했다.
4. According to the researchers, climatic change underway at the time would have made a southerly route easier.
그 연구원들에 의하면, 그 당시 진행 중이던 기후 변화가 남쪽으로 가는 길을 더 쉽게 만들었을 것이라고 한다.
5. The genetic evidence suggests perhaps as few as several hundred individuals went first to India, then Southeast Asia and Australasia.
그 유전학적 증거는 아마도 겨우 몇 백 명 정도가 처음에 인도로, 그리고 동남아시아로, 그리고 호주로 갔을 것이라는 것을 시사한다.
6. If correct, this would explain why humans appear to have reached Australia around 50,000 years ago, while the oldest human remains in Europe ― a jawbone found in Romania―are only around 35,000 years old.
만약 이것이 옳다면, 이는 유럽에 있는 가장 오래된 인간의 유적인 루마니아에서 발견된 턱뼈가 약 35,000년 밖에 되지 않는 데 반해, 왜 인간이 약 50,000년 전에 호주에 도착했던 것처럼 보이는지를 설명해 줄 것이다.
1093-43
1. Even worse than reaching a conclusion with just a little evidence is the fallacy of reaching a conclusion without any evidence at all.
단지 약간의 증거만을 가지고 결론에 도달하는 것보다 훨씬 더 나쁜 것은 전혀 어떤 증거도 없이 결론에 이르는 오류이다.
2. Sometimes people mistake a separate event for a cause-and-effect relationship.
때때로 사람들은 분리된 사건을 인과관계로 오해한다.
3. They see that 'A' happened before 'B', so they mistakenly assume that 'A' caused 'B'.
(B) 그들은 A가 B보다 먼저 일어난 것을 보고, A가 B의 원인이었다는 잘못된 가정을 한다.
4. This is an error known in logic as a post hoc fallacy.
이것은 논리학에서 인과 설정의 오류('이것 다음에, 그러므로 이것 때문에')라고 알려진 오류이다.
5. For example, suppose you see a man in a black jacket hurry into a bank.
(C) 예를 들어, 당신은 검은 웃옷을 입은 사람이 은행으로 급히 들어가는 것을 본다고 가정해보자.
6. You notice that he is nervously carrying his briefcase, and a few moments later you hear a siren.
당신은 그가 그의 가방을 초조하게 가지고 가는 것을 주시하고, 몇 분 있다가 사이렌 소리를 듣는다.
7. You therefore leap to the conclusion that the man in the black jacket has robbed the bank.
(A) 따라서 당신은 그 불길한 검은 웃옷을 입은 사람이 은행에서 강도질을 했다고 속단한다.
8. However, such a leap tends to land far from the truth of the matter.
그러나 그러한 비약은 그 문제의 진실과 거리가 먼 경향이 있다.
9. You have absolutely no evidence ― only a suspicion based on coincidence.
당신은 단지 우연의 일치에 기초한 의심만 있을 뿐 증거가 전혀 없다.
10. This is a post hoc fallacy.
이것이 인과 설정의 오류이다.
1093-44
1. Hopi religion features a ritual calendar that includes a large number of annually required ceremonies.
호피족의 종교는 해마다 요구되는 많은 의식이 기재된 종교의식 달력으로 특징지어진다.
2. In most cases, each ceremony is 'owned' by the members of a certain clan.
대부분의 경우, 각 의식은 특정 씨족의 일원들에 의해 주관된다.
3. Every clan represented in a village has a clanhouse in which the masks and other sacred items used in the ceremonies are kept when not in use.
마을에 있는 모든 씨족은, 의식에 사용되는 가면과 다른 신성한 도구들을 쓰지 않을 때 보관해두는 씨족회관을 보유한다.
4. The clanhouse usually consists of a room adjoining the dwelling of the senior female member of the clan.
씨족회관은 대개 씨족의 고참 여성이 사는 곳과 인접해 있는 방으로 이루어져 있다.
5. This woman is in charge of storing ritual equipment and of seeing to it that they are treated with the proper respect.
이 여성은 제사 도구를 보관하고, 그 도구들이 적절한 경의를 받으며 다뤄지고 있는지를 보는 임무를 맡고 있다.
6. There is also a male head of each clan whose duties likewise are partly religious because he is in charge of the performance of ceremonies owned by his clan.
또한 각 씨족의 남성 우두머리의 임무는 마찬가지로 부분적으로 종교적인데, 그 이유는 그가 씨족에 의해 주관되는 종교의식을 수행할 책임이 있기 때문이다.
7. A male clan head passes his position down to either his younger brother or his sister's son.
씨족의 남성 우두머리는 자신의 지위를 남동생이나 혹은 누이의 아들에게 물려준다.
8. In this way, culturally important ritual knowledge is kept within the clan.
이런 식으로, 문화적으로 중요한 종교의식에 관련된 지식이 씨족 내에서 보존된다.
1093-45
1. The information processing model emphasizes rational analysis for solving problems, with an emphasis on techniques for quickly arriving at a solution.
정보처리 모델은 해결 방안에 빨리 도달하기 위한 기교에 역점을 두고, 문제 해결에 이성적 분석을 강조한다.
2. Culturally, this orientation fits well with the kinds of mental attributes which are normally valued by contemporary Western societies.
문화적으로는, 이러한 방향이 보통 현대 서구사회가 중요시하는 정신적 속성들과 잘 맞는다.
3. For example, Westerners tend to admire someone who is independent and quick-thinking.
예를 들어, 서양인들은 자립적이고 사고가 빠른 사람을 존경하는 경향이 있다.
4. But these characteristics are not universally valued.
그러나 이러한 특징들은 어디에서나 중요시되지는 않는다.
5. Agricultural African societies, for example, valued looking at the problem in the context of the whole society, noting its impact on various features of life.
예를 들면 농경 아프리카 사회는 삶의 다양한 면에 끼치는 영향에 주목하면서, 사회 전체의 맥락에서 문제를 보는 것을 중요시한다.
6. In most situations, speed in arriving at a solution was not a vital issue.
대부분의 상황에서는 해결방안에 도달하는 속도가 중요한 문제는 아니었다.
7. This is also found with the Cree and Ojibway in Canada.
이것은 캐나다의 크리 족과 오지브웨이 족에게서 또한 발견된다.
8. These groups historically lived in wilderness areas and faced many hardships;.
이러한 부족들은 역사적으로 황무지에서 살았고 많은 역경을 겪었다.
9. in these circumstances, they would rarely get a second chance at solving problems.
이러한 환경에서 그들은 문제 해결에 좀처럼 두 번의 기회를 거의 얻지 못했다.
10. Consequently, these Native people value taking time to reflect on a problem and mentally walk through possible solutions before any action is taken.
결과적으로 이러한 원주민들은 시간을 갖고 문제에 대해 심사숙고하고, 어떠한 조치가 취해지기 전에 가능한 해결책들을 마음속으로 검토해 보는 것을 중요시 한다.
1093-4647
1. The other day an acquaintance of mine, a sociable and charming man, told me he had found himself unexpectedly 'alone' in New York for an hour or two between appointments.
일전에 내가 알고 지내던 사교적이고 매력적인 남자가 내게 약속 시간 사이에 한두 시간 동안 뉴욕에서 뜻밖에 '홀로' 있는 자신을 발견했다고 말했다.
2. He went to the Whitney Museum and spent the 'empty' time looking at things by himself.
그는 Whitney Museum에 가서 혼자 전시물을 보면서 '비어 있는' 시간을 보냈다.
3. For him it proved to be a shock nearly as great as falling in love to discover that he could enjoy himself so much alone.
그에게 있어서, 혼자서도 충분히 즐거울 수 있다는 것을 알게 된 것은 거의 사랑에 빠지는 것만큼이나 큰 충격이었다.
4. What had he been afraid of ?
그는 무엇을 두려워했던가?
5. I asked myself .
나는 자신에게 물었다.
6. That, suddenly alone, he would discover that he bored himself, or that there was, quite simply, no self there to meet?
돌연히 혼자서, 그가 자신을 지루해 한다는 것 또는 거기에는 충족시킬 자아가 전혀 없다는 것을 알게 되는 것?
7. But having taken the first step into this new world, he is now about to begin a new adventure;.
하지만 그는 이러한 새로운 세상에 첫걸음을 내디디면서, 이제 새로운 모험을 막 시작했다.
8. he is about to be launched into his own inner space, space as immense, unexplored, and sometimes frightening as outer space to the astronaut.
그는 우주비행사에게 우주만큼이나 광대하고, 탐험되지 않았으며, 때로는 무시무시한 공간인 자신의 정신세계로 막 진출하게 되었다.
9. His every perception will come to him with a new freshness and, for a time, seem startlingly original.
그의 모든 지각은 그에게 새로운 신선함으로 다가올 것이며 잠시 동안은 놀랍게도 독창적인 것처럼 보일 것이다.
10. For anyone who can see things for himself with a naked eye becomes, for a moment or two, something of a genius.
육안으로 혼자서 사물을 볼 수 있는 사람은 누구나 잠시 동안은 어느 정도 천재가 되기 때문이다.
11. With another human being present vision becomes double vision, inevitably.
다른 사람이 있으면, 시야는 불가피하게 이중이 된다.
12. We are busy wondering, what does my companion see or think of this, and what do I think of it?
우리는 내 동료가 무엇을 보는지 또는 이것에 관해 어떻게 생각하는지, 그리고 내가 그것에 관해 어떻게 생각하는지를 궁금해 하느라 분주해진다.
13. The original impact gets lost.
독창적인 효과는 사라진다.
14. "Music I heard with you was more than music."
"당신과 함께 들은 음악은 음악 이상이었어요."
15. Exactly.
정말 맞는 말이다.
16. And therefore music 'itself' can only be heard alone.
그리고 따라서 음악 '그 자체'는 혼자서만 (제대로) 들을 수 있다.
17. Solitude is the salt of personhood.
고독이 개성을 잘 드러내 준다.
18. It brings out the authentic flavor of every experience.
그것은 모든 경험의 진정한 맛을 이끌어 낸다.
1093-4850
1. My grandmother's kitchen was overflowing with food.
내 할머니의 부엌은 음식으로 넘쳐났다.
2. She raised her daughters to keep an extra box and bottle unopened in the cupboard for every bottle and box that was in use.
그녀는 사용하는 모든 병과 통을 위해 찬장에는 개봉하지 않은 여분의 통과 병을 보관하도록 딸들을 키웠다.
3. Although she died before I was born, I was raised by her eldest daughter to do this same thing.
그녀는 내가 태어나기도 전에 돌아가셨지만, 나는 그녀의 장녀에 의해서 똑같이 하도록 (배우면서) 자라났다.
4. Absentminded as I am, I often find I have accumulated two or even three extras of anything in my house.
비록 내가 별 생각이 없을 때에도, 나는 때로 집에 둘 또는 심지어 세 개의 여분의 것들을 모아놓고 있었다는 것을 알게 된다.
5. But this abundance did not mean that things were to be wasted.
하지만 이러한 풍부함이 물건들을 낭비되게 하는 것을 의미하지는 않았다.
6. Everything was always used to the full.
모든 것은 항상 최대한도로 사용되었다.
7. Even the tea bags were used twice.
심지어 티백들도 두번 사용되어졌다.
8. There is a family story told about my grandmother's refrigerator.
나의 할머니 냉장고에 대해 전해지는 가족 이야기가 있다.
9. Her refrigerator was always full to the very edges and every shelf was put to use.
그녀의 냉장고는 항상 아주 구석까지 가득 차 있었으며 모든 선반이 활용되었다.
10. Occasionally when someone, usually a child, opened it without sufficient caution, an egg would fall out and break on the kitchen floor.
가끔 누군가가, 보통은 어린아이지만, 충분히 주의를 기울이지 않고 그것을 열 때, 계란 하나가 떨어져서 부엌 바닥에 깨지곤 하였다.
11. My grandmother's response was always the same.
(그에 대한) 할머니의 반응은 항상 같았다.
12. She would look at the broken egg with satisfaction.
그녀는 만족스럽게 깨진 계란을 바라보곤 하셨다.
13. "Aha," she would say, "today we have a sponge cake!"
그녀는 "아, 오늘 우리는 스펀지케이크를 먹는단다"라고 말씀하셨다.
14. Befriending life is not always about having things your own way.
삶을 돌보는 것이 항상 자신의 방식으로 일을 하는 것은 아니다.
15. Life is impermanent and full of broken eggs.
삶은 일시적이며, 깨진 계란들로 가득 차 있다.
16. But what is true of eggs is even more true of pain and loss and suffering.
계란에 적용되는 것은 고통과 상실, 그리고 아픔에도 훨씬 더 잘 적용된다.
17. Certain things are too important to be wasted.
어떤 것들은 헛되이 낭비하기에는 너무도 중요하다.
18. When I was sixteen, just after the doctor came and informed me that I had a disease that no one knew how to cure, my mother had reminded me of this.
내가 열여섯 살 때, 의사가 와서 아무도 치료법을 모르는 질병에 내가 걸렸다는 것을 내게 알려준 직후에, 어머니께서는 내게 이것을 깨닫게 해주셨다.
19. I had turned toward her in shock, but she did not cuddle or soothe.
나는 충격을 받아 그녀를 향해 돌아봤지만, 그녀는 꼭 껴안아 주거나 위로해 주지도 않았다.
20. Instead she reached out and took me by the hand.
대신, 그녀는 (손을) 뻗어 내 손을 잡았다.
21. "We will make a sponge cake," she told me firmly.
"우리는 스펀지케이크를 만들 거란다"라고 그녀는 내게 단호한 어조로 말했다.
22. It has taken many years to find the recipe, the one that is my own, but I knew in that moment that this was what I needed to do.
내 자신의 조리법을 발견하는 데는 많은 시간이 걸렸지만, 나는 그 순간 이것이 내가 할 필요가 있는 것이라는 것을 알았다.
1093-18
1. I was pleased to receive your letter requesting a letter of reference for a Future Leaders scholarship.
Future Leaders 장학금 신청용 추천서를 써 달라고 요구하는 당신의 편지를 받고 반가웠습니다.
2. As your physics teacher, I can certainly speak highly of your academic abilities.
당신의 물리 교사로서 나는 당신의 학문적 능력에 대해 분명히 높이 평가하여 말할 수 있습니다.
3. Your grades have consistently been A's and B's in my class.
내가 담당하는 학급에서 당신의 성적은 일관되게 A와 B를 기록하였습니다.
4. Since this is the first semester that I have had you in class, however, I do not feel that I am the right person to provide information on your leadership skills.
그렇지만, 이번이 내가 당신을 학급에서 가르친 첫 번째 학기이므로, 내가 당신의 지도력에 대한 정보를 제공할 적절한 사람이라고 생각하지는 않습니다.
5. I would encourage you to request a reference letter from those teachers with whom you have had the most opportunity to demonstrate those skills.
당신이 그러한 능력을 보여줄 기회가 가장 많았던 교사들에게 추천서를 써 달라고 요청할 것을 권하고 싶습니다.
6. I am sure many teachers would be willing to provide letters for you.
많은 교사들이 기꺼이 당신을 위해서 추천서를 써 줄 것이라고 확신합니다.
7. Good luck with your scholarship.
당신의 장학금 신청에 좋은 결과가 있기를 바랍니다.
1093-19
1. There was a girl who grew flowers in New Jersey and sometimes took flowers to customers on Staten Island.
New Jersey에서 꽃을 기르며 때때로 Staten Island에 있는 고객들에게 꽃을 가져다주는 어떤 소녀가 있었다.
2. To get there, she had to go over a bridge paying a toll of $2.50.
그곳으로 가려면, 그녀는 2달러 50센트의 통행료를 지불하고 다리를 건너가야 했다.
3. One day, as she was approaching the toll booth, she saw a toll booth attendant who reminded her of her mother.
어느 날 그녀가 통행료 징수소에 가까워지고 있을 때, 그녀는 그녀에게 자신의 어머니가 생각나게 하는 통행료 징수소 직원을 보았다.
4. As she reached in her pocket, she found she had no money but a half dollar.
그녀가 그녀의 주머니를 뒤져 보았을 때, 그녀는 자신에게 돈이 50센트밖에 없다는 것을 발견했다.
5. Not knowing what to do, she handed the coin to her and asked nervously, "Want to buy a fresh red rose?"
어찌할 바를 모르고, 그녀는 그 동전을 그녀에게 주고, 불안해하면서 다음과 같이 물었다, "싱싱한 빨간 장미를 사시겠어요?"
6. The attendant looked surprised at first, but glancing at the cars piling up behind her, she took two dollars from her purse and rang it up on the cash register.
처음에 그 직원은 놀랐으나, 그녀 뒤에 차들이 줄지어 밀려 있는 것을 보고서, 그녀는 자신의 지갑에서 2달러를 꺼내서 현금 등록기에 넣었다.
7. "Yes, I'll take it," she said with a smile.
"예, 사겠어요", 그녀는 미소를 지으며 말했다.
8. "And I suppose the price is two dollars even, right?"
"그런데 내 생각에 가격이 딱 2달러이겠군요, 맞죠?"
1093-20
1. The phrase, 'jack-of-all-trades' is a shortened version of 'jack of all trades and master of none.'
'jack-of-all-trades(만물박사)'라는 말은 'jack of all trades and master of none(모든 일을 다 잘하지만 정말 잘하는 것은 없는 사람)'이 축약된 형태이다.
2. It refers to those who claim to be proficient at countless tasks, but cannot perform a single one of them well.
그것은 수많은 업무에 능숙하다고 주장하지만, 그것들 중 한 가지도 잘 수행하지 못하는 사람들을 가리킨다.
3. The phrase was first used in England at the start of the Industrial Revolution.
이 말은 산업혁명이 시작될 때에 영국에서 처음 사용되었다.
4. A large number of efficiency experts set up shop in London, advertising themselves as knowledgeable about every type of new manufacturing process, trade, and business.
많은 수의 효율성 전문가들이 모든 유형의 새로운 제조 과정, 무역, 사업에 대해 잘 알고 있다고 자신들을 광고하면서 런던에 사무소를 차렸다.
5. For a substantial fee, they would impart their knowledge to their clients.
상당한 액수의 비용을 받고, 그들은 자신들의 지식을 고객들에게 알려주곤 했다.
6. But it soon became evident that their knowledge was limited and of no practical value.
하지만 얼마 안 가서 그들의 지식은 제한되어 있으며 현실적으로 아무런 가치가 없다는 사실이 분명해졌다.
7. Doubtful industrialists started calling these self-appointed experts 'jacks of all trades and masters of none.'
의심을 품게 된 생산업자들은 이러한 자칭 전문가라고 주장하는 사람들을 'jacks of all trades and masters of none'이라고 부르기 시작했다.
8. These experts are still with us, and as a result so is the phrase.
이러한 전문가들은 아직도 우리 주변에 있으며, 그 결과 이 말 또한 우리 곁에 있다.
1093-21
1. Mr. Potter was sailing for Europe on one of the greatest transatlantic ocean liners.
Potter 씨가 아주 큰 대서양 횡단 정기 여객선을 타고 유럽으로 가고 있었다.
2. When he went on board, he found another passenger was to share the cabin with him.
배에 탔을 때, 그는 다른 한 명의 승객이 자신과 선실을 함께 사용하게 될 거라는 사실을 알게 되었다.
3. After going to see the accommodations, he came up to the purser's desk and inquired if he could leave his valuables in the ship's safe.
숙박시설을 살펴본 후에, 그는 선박의 사무장의 자리로 와서 자신의 귀중품들을 배의 금고에 보관해 둘 수 있겠느냐고 물었다.
4. Mr. Potter explained that ordinarily he never availed himself of that privilege, but he had been to his cabin and had met the man who was to occupy the other bed.
Potter 씨는 평소에는 그러한 특권을 전혀 이용하지 않지만, 자신의 선실에 갔었는데 다른 한 쪽 침대를 사용할 남자를 만났다고 설명했다.
5. Judging from his appearance, he was afraid that he might not be a very trustworthy person.
그의 외모로 판단하건대, 그다지 신뢰할 만한 사람이 아닐지도 모른다는 사실이 그는 두려웠다.
6. The purser accepted the responsibility for the valuables and remarked , "It's all right.
선박의 사무장은 귀중품 보관 책임을 받아들이면서 다음과 같이 말했다, "괜찮습니다.
7. I'll be very glad to take care of them for you.
손님을 위해서 기꺼이 그것들을 보관해 드릴게요.
8. The other man has been up here and left his valuables for the same reason!"
다른 한 분도 여기에 와서 그와 똑같은 이유로 자신의 귀중품들을 맡겨 놓았답니다."
1093-22
1. Geothermal heat, generated inside the Earth, helps keep the temperature of the ground at a depth of several meters at a nearly constant temperature of about 10°C to 20°C.
지구 내부에서 발생하는 지열은 수 미터 깊이 땅의 온도를 10℃에서 20℃ 정도의 거의 일정한 온도로 유지하는 데 도움이 된다.
2. This constant temperature can be used to cool and heat buildings by using a heat pump.
열펌프를 사용함으로써 이러한 일정한 온도가 건물을 시원하게 하거나 따뜻하게 하는 데 이용될 수 있다.
3. A heat pump contains a water-filled loop of pipe, which is buried to a depth where the temperature is nearly constant.
열펌프는 물로 채워진 고리 모양의 파이프를 포함하는데, 이러한 파이프가 온도가 거의 일정한 깊이에 묻히게 된다.
4. In summer, warm water from the building is pumped through the pipe down into the ground, since the underground temperature is lower than the air temperature.
여름에는 땅 속의 온도가 공기의 온도보다 더 낮으므로, 건물에서 나온 따뜻한 물이 펌프를 통해 땅 속으로 보내진다.
5. The water cools and then is pumped back to the building where it absorbs more heat, and the cycle is repeated.
물이 냉각되고 그런 다음에 펌프에 의해 다시 건물로 보내지는데, 거기서 물은 더 많은 열을 흡수하게 되며, 순환 주기가 되풀이된다.
1093-23
1. Comparing yourself with others is natural and can be motivational.
당신 자신을 다른 사람들과 비교하는 것은 자연스러운 일이며 동기 유발이 될 수 있다.
2. However, too much of it leads to envy, especially if you're ungenerous toward yourself.
그렇지만, 그것이 너무 지나치면, 특히 자신에 대해 관대하지 않은 경우에는 질투심이 생기게 될 수 있다.
3. Instead, try measuring your present self against your past self.
대신에, 현재의 당신 자신을 과거의 자신과 대비하여 측정해 보라.
4. When I asked a salesperson to map his sales performance, he was amazed to see that he had achieved a 5% to 10% annual increase in sales while at his firm.
내가 어떤 영업사원에게 그의 판매 실적을 조사해 보라고 요청했을 때, 그는 회사에 근무하는 동안에 자신의 판매 실적이 해마다 5퍼센트에서 10퍼센트 정도 증가했다는 사실을 알고는 놀랐다.
5. This made him feel more self-confident and lessened his resentment toward his colleagues.
이것으로 인해 그는 더 많은 자신감을 갖게 되었으며, 자신의 동료들에 대한 적개심을 줄이게 되었다.
6. If you feel threatened every time a perceived rival does well, remind yourself of your own strengths and successes.
라이벌로 생각하는 사람이 잘 해낼 때마다 위협을 느낀다면, 당신의 장점들과 당신이 거둔 성공들에 대해 생각하라.
1093-24
1. Michael dared to look inside the window, but from the deep shadow of the trees and the gloom within, he could not clearly make out the objects within.
Michael은 용기를 내어 창문 안을 들여다보았지만 짙은 나무 그림자와 내부의 어둠으로 인하여 내부의 사물을 명확하게 판별할 수 없었다.
2. Although every nerve in his body cautioned otherwise, he slowly pushed open the door.
그의 몸의 모든 신경이 그러지 말라고 경고를 하고 있음에도 불구하고 그는 천천히 문을 열었다.
3. The door creaked as it swung back.
문은 삐걱거리는 소리를 내며 돌았다.
4. As he carefully took a step inside, the door slammed shut.
그가 조심스럽게 안으로 한 발짝 들어가자 문은 세게 닫혔다.
5. Michael's futile attempts to open the door only increased his panic.
Michael의 문을 열고자 했던 헛된 노력은 그에게 공포심을 증가시킬 뿐이었다.
6. He tried to calm his thundering heart by repeating to himself, "I am not afraid.
그는 "난 두렵지 않아.
7. I am not afraid," but to no avail.
두렵지 않다고"라고 혼잣말을 되풀이함으로써 쿵쾅거리는 마음을 진정시키려고 노력했으나, 헛된 일이었다.
8. He suddenly felt an uneasy darkness consume him from within.
그는 갑자기 불안한 어둠이 그의 마음을 속으로부터 빼앗아 가고 있다는 느낌을 받았다.
9. He opened his mouth to call for help, but his words failed him.
그는 도움을 요청하기 위해 입을 열었으나, 말이 나오질 않았다.
1093-25
1. Errors and failures typically corrupt all human designs.
일반적으로 실수와 실패는 인간의 모든 설계들을 못 쓰게 만든다.
2. Indeed, the failure of a single component of your car's engine could force you to call for a tow truck.
실제로 자동차 엔진 부품 중 단 하나만이라도 고장 나면 당신은 견인트럭을 불러야 할 것이다.
3. Similarly, a tiny wiring error in your computer's circuits can mean throwing the whole computer out.
마찬가지로 컴퓨터 회로의 배선에 있어서 작은 실수 때문에 컴퓨터 전체를 내버려야 할 수 있다.
4. Natural systems are different, though.
하지만 자연계는 다르다.
5. Throughout Earth's history, an estimated 3 million to 100 million species have disappeared, which means that this year somewhere between three and a hundred species will vanish.
지구 역사 전체에 걸쳐서 300만에서 1억에 이르는 종이 사라졌다고 추측되며, 이는 올해 어딘가에서 3에서 100에 이르는 종이 사라질 것임을 의미한다.
6. However, such natural extinctions appear to cause little harm.
그러나 그러한 자연의 멸종은 거의 해를 끼치지 않는 것 같다.
7. Over millions of years the ecosystem has developed an amazing insensitivity to errors and failures, surviving even such drastic events as the impact of the Yucatan meteorite, which killed tens of thousands of species.
수백 만 년 이상 동안 생태계는 실수와 잘못에 대한 놀라울 정도의 무감각을 발휘하여, 수만 종을 파멸시켰던 유카탄에 떨어진 운석의 충격 같은 극단적인 사건에서도 살아남았다.
1093-26
1. Unlike deviance in other settings, deviance in sports often involves an unquestioned acceptance of and extreme conformity to norms and expectations.
다른 분야에서의 일탈과는 달리 스포츠에서의 일탈은 종종 규범과 기대에 대한 아무런 의심 없는 수용과 극단적인 순응을 수반한다.
2. For example, most North Americans see playing football as a positive activity.
예를 들어, 대부분의 북아메리카 인들은 미식축구 경기에 참여하는 것을 적극적 활동으로 간주한다.
3. Young men are encouraged to 'be all they can be' as football players and to live by slogans such as There is no 'I' in t-e-a-m.
젊은 사람들은 미식축구 선수로서 자신의 최고의 모습을 보이고, "팀에 '나'라는 존재는 없다"라는 말과 같은 슬로건으로 살아가도록 격려 받는다.
4. They are encouraged to increase their weight and strength, so that they can play more effectively and contribute to the success of their teams.
그들은 체중과 힘을 증가시켜서 좀 더 효과적으로 경기를 하고 팀의 성공에 기여하라고 격려 받는다.
5. When young men go too far in their acceptance of expectations to become bigger and stronger, when they are so committed to playing football and improving their skills on the field that they use muscle-building drugs, they become deviant.
젊은 사람들이 좀 더 몸집이 커지고 힘이 세어지리라는 기대를 지나칠 정도로 수용하게 될 때, 그들이 경기장에서 미식축구 경기를 하는 것과 기술을 향상시키는 것에 지나칠 정도로 전념하여 근육을 형성하는 약물을 복용하게 될 때, 그들은 일탈하게 된다.
6. This type of 'overdoing-it-deviance' is dangerous, but it is grounded in completely different social dynamics from the dynamics that occur in the 'antisocial deviance' enacted by alienated young people who reject commonly accepted rules and expectations.
이러한 유형의 '과잉 행동 일탈'은 위험한 것이지만, 그것은 일반적으로 받아들여지는 규칙과 기대를 거부하는 소외된 젊은 사람들에 의해 이루어지는 '반사회적 일탈'에서 발생하는 역학과는 완전히 다른 사회적 역학에 근거한다.
1093-27
1. Time pressure leads to frustration, and when we are frustrated or experience other negative emotions, our thinking becomes narrower and less creative.
시간적 압박은 좌절감을 가져오며, 우리가 좌절감을 느끼거나 다른 부정적 감정을 경험할 때 우리의 사고는 점점 더 좁아지고 창의력이 떨어지게 된다.
2. However, people are unaware of this phenomenon and live under the illusion that when they are experiencing time pressure, they are also more creative.
그러나 사람들은 이러한 현상을 지각하지 못하여, 시간적 압박을 느끼고 있을 때 창의력이 높아진다는 허상을 갖고 살아간다.
3. This explains why time pressure is pervasive and to some extent accounts for the increase in rates of depression.
이는 시간적 압박이 널리 퍼지게 된 이유를 설명하고, 우울함의 속도 상승을 어느 정도 설명해 준다.
4. We are generally too busy trying to squeeze more and more activities into less and less time.
전체적으로 우리는 보다 짧은 시간에 보다 많은 활동을 짜내려고 애쓰느라 너무나도 바쁘다.
5. Consequently, we fail to enjoy potential sources of happiness that may be all around us.
그 결과 우리는 우리 주변 어디에나 있을 수 있는 행복의 잠재적 출처들을 누리지 못한다.
6. To enjoy the richness that life has to offer, we need to take our time.
삶이 제공해야 하는 풍요로움을 누리기 위해 우리는 시간적 여유를 가질 필요가 있다.
1093-28
1. With no attempt there can be no failure and with no failure no humiliation.
아무런 시도가 없으면 어떠한 실패도 없으며, 아무런 실패가 없으면 어떠한 굴욕도 있을 수 없다.
2. So our self-esteem in this world depends entirely on what we back ourselves to be and do.
그러므로 이 세상에서의 우리의 자부심은 전적으로 우리가 스스로에게 되라고 그리고 하라고 후원하는 것에 달려있다.
3. It is determined by the ratio of our actualities to our supposed potentialities.
그것은 우리가 가상하는 잠재력에 대한 우리의 현실의 비율에 의해 결정된다.
4. Thus, success divided by pretensions equals self-esteem.
그러므로 성공을 가식으로 나눈 것이 자부심과 같은 것이다.
5. This illustrates how every rise in our levels of expectation entails a rise in the dangers of humiliation.
이는 우리의 기대 수준의 모든 상승이 굴욕의 위험성의 상승을 가져오는 방식을 설명한다.
6. What we understand to be normal is critical in determining our chances of happiness.
우리가 평범하다고 이해하는 것이 우리의 행복 가능성을 결정함에 있어서 중요한 것이다.
7. It also hints at two ways for raising our self-esteem.
한편으로 우리는 보다 많은 것을 성취하려고 노력할 수 있고, 다른 한편으로 우리는 성취하기를 바라는 것들의 수를 줄일 수 있다.
8. On the one hand, we may try to achieve more; and on the other, we may reduce the number of things we want to achieve.
후자의 접근방식이 갖는 장점은 다음과 같이 "가식을 포기하는 것이 만족감을 느끼게 하는 것만큼이나 행복한 위안이 된다.
9. The advantages of the latter approach lie in the following statement: To give up pretensions is as blessed a relief as to get them gratified.
"는 말에 들어 있다.
1093-29
1. For many people 'nature' is defined as a negative: It exists where people do not.
많은 사람들에게 '자연'은 부정적인 것으로 규정되어, 그것은 사람이 존재하지 않는 곳에 존재한다.
2. Nature lies outside the urban and agricultural realms, in regions of Earth where natural processes are unhindered.
자연은 도시와 농촌 지역 외부에, 다시 말해 자연의 과정이 방해받지 않는 지구의 지역에 존재한다.
3. Nature is where fallen logs rot and acorns grow, wildfires turn woodlands into meadows, and barrier islands shift with the currents ― all without human interference.
자연은 쓰러진 통나무가 썩는 곳과 도토리가 자라는 곳, 산불이 삼림지대를 초원으로 바꾸는 곳, 그리고 보초 섬이 해류와 함께 이동하는 곳―인간의 간섭이 없는 모든 곳―에 존재한다.
4. By extension, this definition suggests that nature is best protected by keeping humans far away, so that it can continue to run itself.
더 나아가 이러한 정의는 자연은 인간을 멀리 떨어지게 하여 계속 자체의 모습을 유지하게 함으로써 가장 잘 보호될 수 있음을 암시한다.
5. But there is a serious problem with this view.
그러나 이러한 관점에는 심각한 문제가 있다.
6. If nature is defined as a landscape uninfluenced by humankind, then there is no nature on the planet at all.
자연이 인류에 의해 영향을 받지 않는 경치로 정의된다면, 지구상에 자연은 전혀 존재하지 않게 된다.
7. Prehistoric peoples changed their surrounding ecosystems, whether by installing orchards in the Amazon or by hunting many large mammals to extinction in North America.
선사시대의 사람들은 아마존에 과수원을 조성하는 방식으로든 또는 북아메리카에서 많은 커다란 포유동물을 사냥하여 멸종시키는 방식으로든 자신을 에워싸는 생태계를 변화시켰다.
8. And modern humans are changing the global environment even more profoundly, whether through planet-wide climate change, or by the worldwide movement of synthetic chemicals through the food chain.
그리고 현대 인류는 지구 전역의 기후 변화를 통해서든 인공 화합물을 먹이사슬을 통해 세계 전역으로 이동시킴에 의해서든 지구의 환경을 훨씬 더 깊이 변화시키고 있다.
1093-30
1. The most obvious salient feature of moral agents is a capacity for rational thought.
도덕적 행위자로서의 인간의 가장 명백한 두드러진 특징은 이성적인 사고를 할 수 있는 능력이다.
2. This is an uncontested necessary condition for any form of moral agency, since we all accept that people who are incapable of reasoned thought cannot be held morally responsible for their actions.
이성적인 사고를 할 수 없는 사람들은 그들의 행동에 대해 도덕적인 책임을 질 수 없다고 우리 모두 받아들이기 때문에 이것은 어떤 유형의 도덕적 행위자로서의 인간에게 있어서도 논쟁의 여지가 없이 필요한 조건이다.
3. However, if we move beyond this uncontroversial salient feature of moral agents, then the most salient feature of actual flesh-and-blood (as opposed to ridiculously idealized) individual moral agents is surely the fact that every moral agent brings multiple perspectives to bear on every moral problem situation.
하지만 이렇게 논란의 여지가 없는 두드러진 특징을 넘어서면, (터무니없이 이상적인 것과는 대조적으로) 실제로 현재 살아 있는 도덕적 행위자로서의 인간 각자의 가장 두드러진 특징은 분명히 어떤 도덕적인 문제가 있는 상황에서도 도덕적 행위자로서의 인간이라면 누구든지 지니고 있는 다양한 견해를 제시한다는 사실이다.
4. That is, there is no one-size-fits-all answer to the question "What are the basic ways in which moral agents wish to affect others?"
즉, "도덕적 행위자로서의 인간이 다른 사람들에게 영향을 미치는 기본적인 방법은 무엇인가"라는 질문에 대해 두루 적용되도록 만들어진 답은 없다.
5. Rather, moral agents wish to affect 'others' in different ways depending upon who these 'others' are.
오히려, 도덕적 행위자로서의 인간은 이러한 "다른 사람들이" 누구냐에 따라서 다른 방식으로 "다른 사람들"에게 영향을 미치기를 바란다.
1093-31
1. When it comes to food choices, young people are particularly vulnerable to peer influences.
음식을 선택하는 데 있어서 젊은 사람들은 특히 또래의 영향에 취약하다.
2. A teenage girl may eat nothing but a lettuce salad for lunch, even though she will become hungry later, because that is what her friends are eating.
십대의 소녀는 상추 샐러드가 그녀의 친구들이 먹는 것이기 때문에 나중에 배가 고플지라도 점심으로 상추 샐러드만 먹을지도 모른다.
3. A slim boy who hopes to make the wrestling team may routinely overload his plate with foods that are dense in carbohydrates and proteins to 'bulk up' like the wrestlers of his school.
레슬링 팀을 만들고 싶어 하는 호리호리한 소년은 자기 학교의 레슬링 선수들처럼 '몸집을 불리기' 위해 판에 박힌 듯이 자기 접시를 탄수화물과 단백질이 많은 음식으로 가득 채울지 모른다.
4. An overweight teen may eat moderately while around his friends but then devour huge portions when alone.
과체중의 십대는 주변에 친구들이 있을 때는 적당히 먹을지 모르지만, 혼자 있게 되면 많은 양을 게걸스럽게 먹게 된다.
5. Few young people are completely free of food-related pressures from peers, whether or not these pressures are imposed intentionally.
음식과 관련된 압박이 의도적으로 강요된 것이든 혹은 그렇지 않든 또래들로부터 그러한 압박에서 완전히 자유로운 젊은 사람들은 거의 없다.
1093-32
1. It is said that although people laugh in the same way, they don't necessarily laugh at the same things.
사람들이 똑같은 방식으로 웃지만, 그들이 반드시 똑같은 것에 대해 웃는 것은 아니라고 이야기된다.
2. If this is true of a single community, it is even more true of people who live in different societies, because the topics that people find amusing, and the occasions that are regarded as appropriate for joking, can vary enormously from one society to the next.
이것이 단일 공동체에 적용된다면, 그것은 다양한 사회에서 사는 사람들에게는 훨씬 더 많이 적용된다, 왜냐하면 사람들이 재미있다고 느끼는 주제와 농담을 하기에 적절하다고 여기는 경우가 문화마다 매우 다양할 수 있기 때문이다.
3. Some styles of humor with silly actions are guaranteed to raise a laugh everywhere.
바보 같아 보이는 행동과 관련된 어떤 스타일의 유머는 어느 곳에서든지 웃음을 자아내는 것으로 보장된다.
4. But because of their reliance on shared assumptions, most jokes travel very badly.
그러나 공유되는 가정에 대한 의존 때문에 대부분의 농담은 매우 잘(→ 형편없이) 전해진다.
5. This is particularly noticeable in the case of jokes that involve a play on words.
이것은 특히 언어의 유희가 포함된 농담의 경우에서 눈에 띈다.
6. They are difficult, and in some cases virtually impossible to translate into other languages.
그러한 농담은 어려운데, 사실 어떤 경우에는 다른 언어로 번역하기가 불가능하다.
7. Therefore, this is why people's attempts to tell jokes to foreigners are so often met with blank stares.
그래서 이러한 이유 때문에 외국인에게 농담을 말하려는 사람들의 시도가 아주 종종 멍하니 응시하는 것에 부딪치게 된다.
1093-33
1. Many grocery stores give the shopper the option of paper or plastic grocery bags.
많은 식료품점에는 쇼핑객들에게 식료품용으로 종이봉투나 비닐봉투를 선택하도록 한다.
2. Many people instinctively say that paper is less harmful to the environment ― after all, paper is biodegradable and recyclable.
많은 사람들은 종이가 환경에 덜 해롭다고 본능적으로 말한다 - 결국 종이는 생물 분해성이 있고 재활용할 수 있다.
3. In contrast, most plastic is manufactured using oil by-products and natural gas.
대조적으로, 대부분의 비닐은 석유 부산물과 천연 가스를 사용해서 제조된다.
4. Plastic is not always easily or economically recyclable, and once manufactured, plastic may last virtually indefinitely.
비닐은 항상 쉽게 경제적으로 재활용할 수 있는 것은 아니며 일단 제조되면 사실상 영구적이다.
5. Yet in the United States, paper products are the single largest component of municipal waste.
하지만 미국에서 종이 제품은 도시 쓰레기 중에서 단일 구성 요소로는 가장 많다.
6. Even though paper products may theoretically be biodegradable, in most landfills, they do not biodegrade.
종이 제품이 이론적으로는 생물 분해성이 있다고 할지라도, 대부분의 쓰레기 매립지에서 그것이 자연 분해되는 것은 아니다.
7. Furthermore, paper production emits air pollution, specifically 70 percent more pollution than the production of plastic bags.
더욱이, 종이 생산에는 특히 비닐 봉투를 생산할 때보다 70퍼센트 더 많은 공기 오염이 수반된다.
8. And consider that making paper uses trees that could be absorbing carbon dioxide.
그리고 종이를 만드는 데는 이산화탄소를 흡수할 수 있는 나무를 사용한다는 점을 고려하라.
9. The paper bag making process also results in three times more water pollutants than making plastic bags.
종이봉투 제작 과정에는 또한 비닐봉투 제작보다 세 배나 더 많은 수질 오염 물질이 생긴다.
1093-34
1. While predictions about the future are always difficult, one can be made with certainty.
미래에 대한 예측은 항상 어렵지만 한 가지는 확실히 할 수 있다.
2. People will find themselves in large numbers of interactions where intercultural communication skills will be essential.
사람들은 이종(異種) 문화 간의 의사소통이 필수적인 수많은 상호작용 속에서 스스로를 발견할 것이다.
3. There are several reasons for such prediction.
그러한 예측에는 몇 가지 이유가 있다.
4. Some reasons include increasing amounts of contact brought on by overseas assignments in the business world, the movement of college students spending time in other countries, and increasing amounts of international travel among tourists.
몇 가지 이유에는 비즈니스 세계에서 해외 업무로 인해 생기는 계약의 증가, 다른 나라에서 시간을 보내는 대학생들의 이동, 여행객들 사이에서 해외여행의 증가 등이 포함된다.
5. Others relate to social changes within any one large and complex nation: affirmative action, the movement of immigrants and refugees, bilingual education programs, and movement away from the goal that ethnic minorities become a part of a 'melting pot.'
다른 이유들은 크고 복잡한 어떤 한 나라에서의 소수민족 차별 철폐 조치, 이주자와 난민의 이동, 2개 언어 병용 교육 프로그램, 소수 민족 집단이 '용광로'의 한 부분이 되는 목표로부터 멀어지는 움직임과 같은 사회적인 변화와 관련된다.
6. Therefore, it is essential that people research the cultures and communication conventions of those whom they propose to meet in the future.
그러므로 사람들이 미래에 만나려고 꾀하는 사람들의 문화와 의사소통상의 관습을 연구하는 것은 필수적이다.
1093-35
1. A famous psychiatrist was leading a symposium on the methods of getting patients to open up about themselves.
한 유명한 정신과 의사가 환자들로 하여금 자기 자신에 대해 마음을 터놓게 하는 방법에 관한 심포지엄을 이끌고 있었다.
2. The psychiatrist challenged his colleagues with a boast: "I'll bet that my technique will enable me to get a new patient to talk about the most private things during the first session without my having to ask a question."
그 정신과 의사는 "내가 내 기술로, 질문할 필요도 없이 첫 번째 세션 중에 새로운 한 환자로 하여금 가장 사적인 것들에 대해 이야기하도록 할 수 있다고 확신합니다"라고 큰소리를 치면서 동료들의 도전 의식을 북돋았다.
3. What was his magic formula?
그의 마법의 공식은 무엇인가?
4. Simply this: He began the session by revealing to the patient something personal about himself ― secrets with which the patient might damage the doctor by breaking the confidence.
간단히 하면 다음과 같다: 그는 자신에 관한 사적인 것 즉, 그 환자가 신뢰를 깸으로써 그에게 해를 입힐 수도 있는 비밀을 그 환자에게 드러냄으로써 세션을 시작했다.
5. As he was 'maskless,' patients began to talk about their lives.
그가 '가면을 벗으면서' 환자들은 자기들의 삶에 대해 이야기하기 시작했다.
6. They opened themselves up to him because he had become an open-minded person himself, and openness evoked openness.
그 스스로가 허심탄회한 사람이 되어 있었기 때문에 그들은 그에게 마음을 터놓았고, 마음이 열림으로써 더더욱 마음이 열렸다.
7. The same principle applies to all human relationships.
동일한 원칙이 모든 인간관계에 적용된다.
8. If you dare to take the initiative in self-revelation, the other person is much more likely to reveal secrets to you.
당신이 용기를 내어 솔선하여 자기 자신을 드러내면, 다른 사람도 당신에게 비밀을 훨씬 더 잘 드러낼 것이다.
1093-36
1. The bar graph above shows the familiarity of the respondents with five prominent social media in 2007 and 2008.
위 막대그래프는 2007년과 2008년에 다섯 개의 유명한 소셜 매체에 대한 응답자의 친숙도를 보여준다.
2. According to the graph, the social media that was the most familiar in 2007 was blogging.
위 그래프에 의하면, 2007년에 가장 친숙했던 소셜 매체는 블로깅이었다.
3. In the following year, social networking became the most familiar social media.
다음 해에, 소셜 네트워킹이 가장 친숙한 소셜 매체가 되었다.
4. Video blogging, which was the least familiar social media in 2007, showed the biggest increase in familiarity among the three media that showed an increase from 2007 to 2008.
2007년에 가장 덜 친숙한 소셜 매체였던 영상 블로깅은 2007년에서 2008년까지 증가를 보여주었던 세 매체 중에서 가장 큰 친숙도의 증가를 보여주었다.
5. Wikis showed a bigger decrease in familiarity than podcasting from 2007 to 2008.
위키스는 친숙도에 있어서 2007년에서 2008년까지 팟캐스팅보다 더 큰 감소를 보여주었다.
6. In 2008, podcasting and wikis were the least familiar social media.
2008년에 팟캐스팅과 위키스는 가장 덜 친숙한 소셜 매체였다.
1093-37
1. During the early 1980s, a team of Italian scientists carried out a series of studies under a variety of circumstances on the ticklishness of people.
1980년대 초반, 한 이탈리아 과학자 팀이 다양한 상황 하에서의 사람들의 간지럼에 대한 일련의 연구를 수행했다.
2. The researchers found that people seem to have one foot that is more ticklish than the other ― and for most people it is the right.
연구원들은 사람들이 다른 발보다 더 간지럼을 타는 발이 있는 것 같아 보이며, 대부분의 사람들에게 있어서 그것은 오른발이라는 것을 발견했다.
3. The experiment was repeated in 1998 using a special way that a pointed nylon rod was stroked across the bottom of the foot three times at intervals of a second.
그 실험은 뾰족한 나일론 막대가 1초씩 간격을 두고 세 번 발바닥을 가로질러 쓰다듬어지는 특별한 방법을 사용하여 1998년에 반복되었다.
4. After applying it to thirty-four people, the researchers confirmed the original finding and pushed back the frontiers of knowledge still further by showing that males were more ticklish than females.
34명에게 그것을 적용한 후, 연구원들은 원래의 발견을 확인했고, 남성이 여성보다 더 간지럼을 탄다는 것을 보여줌으로써 그 정보의 지평을 한층 더 확장했다.
5. One suggested explanation is that the left side of the brain, which detects stimuli applied to the right foot, is associated with positive emotions such as laughter.
제안된 한 설명은 오른발에 적용되는 자극을 감지하는 뇌의 왼쪽 면이 웃음과 같은 긍정적인 감정과 연관되어 있다는 것이다.
1093-38
1. Buffon was a famous zoologist and botanist during the reign of the French monarch Louis XVI.
Buffon은 프랑스의 루이 16세 군주 통치시절의 유명한 동물학자이자 식물학자이다.
2. Buffon stocked the park at Versailles with wild animals.
Buffon은 베르사유의 공원에 야생 동물들을 들여놓았다.
3. He also expanded the botanical garden on the Left Bank in Paris.
그는 또한 파리의 Left Bank에 있는 식물원을 확장했다.
4. And with the confidence that goes with being a great collector, he began writing a comprehensive natural history of the world.
그리고 그는 위대한 수집가라는 사실에 어울리는 자신감으로 종합적인 세계 자연사에 관해 글을 쓰기 시작했다.
5. In that work, Buffon expressed the biased opinion that native animals of the New World are smaller than those of Europe, that there are fewer species of animals in America, and that even domesticated species of European animals diminished in size and vigor upon crossing the Atlantic.
그 작품에서 Buffon은 신세계(아메리카 대륙)의 토착 동물들은 유럽의 토착 동물보다 작으며, 아메리카의 동물 종의 수가 더 적고, 심지어 유럽의 길들여진 동물 종들도 대서양을 건너면서 크기와 힘이 줄어들었다는 편향된 의견을 표명했다.
6. Obviously, his opinions were not well-received and were severely criticized in America.
분명히, 그의 의견들은 환영받지 않았고 아메리카에서 혹독하게 비판을 받았다.
1093-39
1. After an event, all one has are memories of it.
한 사건이 일어난 후에, 사람이 가지고 있는 모든 것은 그것에 대한 기억이다.
2. Because most waits expect a desired outcome, it is the memory of the outcome that dominates, not the intermediate components.
대부분의 기다림은 희망했던 결과를 예상하므로, 지배하는 것은 중간의 구성 요소가 아니라 결과에 대한 기억이다.
3. If the overall outcome is pleasurable enough, any unpleasantness suffered along the way is minimized.
만약 전반적인 결과가 충분히 유쾌하다면, 중간에 겪었던 어떠한 불쾌함은 최소화된다.
4. Terence Mitchell and Leigh Thompson call this 'rosy retrospection.'
Terence Mitchell과 Leigh Thompson은 이것을 '장밋빛 회상'이라고 부른다.
5. Mitchell and his colleagues studied participants in a 12-day tour of Europe, students going home for Thanksgiving vacation and a three-week bicycle tour across California.
Mitchell과 그의 동료들은 12일간의 유럽여행 참가자들과 추수감사절 휴가로 집에 가는 학생들, 그리고 캘리포니아를 가로지르는 3주간의자전거 여행을 연구했다.
6. In all of these cases, the results were similar.
이 모든 경우에서, 결과는 비슷했다.
7. Before an event, people looked forward with positive anticipation.
사건이 일어나기 전에, 사람들은 긍정적인 기대로 미래를 바라보았다.
8. Afterward, they remembered fondly.
나중에, 그들은 좋게 기억을 했다.
9. During?
도중에는?
10. Well, reality seldom lives up to expectations, so plenty of things go wrong.
음, 현실은 좀처럼 기대에 부응하지 않으며, 너무 많은 것들이 어긋난다.
11. As memory takes over, however, the unpleasantness fades and the good parts remain, perhaps to intensify, and even get amplified beyond reality.
그러나 기억이 장악하게 되면, 그 불쾌함은 사라지고 좋은 부분이 남으며, 그것은 아마도 더욱 강렬해져서, 심지어 현실을 넘어 확대가 된다.
1093-40
1. Every day, it seems, we learn of an apology from a prominent figure in response to an indiscretion of some sort.
매일, 우리는 저명인사들로부터 일종의 무분별함에 대한 반응으로 사과를 배우는 것 같다.
2. Those in the public eye have an unfortunate tendency to apologize only after they have been found with a hand in the cookie jar.
사람들의 주목을 받는 그들은 현장에서 들킨 이후에만 사과하는 유감스러운 경향을 가지고 있다.
3. When this happens, it is only natural for a skeptical public to wonder, "Are they apologizing for their conduct, or simply because they were caught?"
이런 일이 일어나면, 회의적인 일반인이 "그들이 그들의 행위에 대해 사과하고 있는 것일까, 아니면 단지 그들이 걸렸기 때문일까" 하고 궁금해 하는 것은 지극히 당연하다.
4. To make matters worse, the wrongdoer will often use the passive voice in his or her apology: "Mistakes were made," rather than, "I made a mistake."
설상가상으로, 그 옳지 못한 사람은 흔히 사과할 때, "내가 실수를 저질렀다"라기보다는 "실수란 만들어지는 것이다" 하는 식으로 수동적인 목소리를 사용할 것이다.
5. It is more comfortable to use the passive voice here, but doing so relinquishes any sense of personal responsibility.
여기서는 수동적인 목소리를 사용하는 것이 더 편안하지만, 그렇게 하는 것은 어떤 개인적인 책임감을 저버리는 것이다.
6. It is a non-apology and is not very meaningful.
그것은 사과가 아니며 그다지 큰 의미도 없다.
1093-41
1. We can infer that there was prosperity in ancient Athens because this was a time that saw the planting of many olive trees.
고대 아테네는 많은 올리브 나무를 심었던 시기였기 때문에 우리는 고대 아테네에는 번영이 있었다고 추론할 수 있다.
2. Since olive trees do not produce their fruits for about thirty years, their planting indicates that people were optimistic about the future.
올리브 나무는 약 30년 동안 열매를 맺지 않기 때문에, 그것을 심는 것은 사람들이 미래에 대해서 낙관적이라는 것을 나타낸다.
3. The growth in the export of olive oil also encouraged the development of pottery, in which the oil was transported.
올리브유 수출의 증가 또한 그 기름이 운송된 곳의 도기류 발달을 촉진했다.
4. About 535 BC came the invention of red-figure vase painting.
기원전 535년경에 붉은 형상의 꽃병 그림의 발명이 있었다.
5. Now the whole surface of the vase was blackened, with figures picked out in the natural red.
이제 그 꽃병의 모든 표면이 자연스러운 붉은 색 속에서 쪼아낸 형상과 함께 검게 되었다.
6. This allowed much more variety and realism.
이는 훨씬 많은 다양함과 현실주의를 가능하게 했다.
7. And the prosperity brought about by the international trade in olive oil spread to the peasants and it was their rituals, with choral song and mimic dancing, that formed the basis of early theater.
그리고 국제적인 올리브유 거래가 가져온 번영은 농민들에게도 퍼졌고, 초창기 극장의 토대를 형성한 것은 합창곡과 함께 흉내며 추는 단체 무용이 있는 그들의 의식이었다.
1093-42
1. Until recently, it was generally assumed that the first humans took a northerly route to leave the African continent, walking into the Middle East and then spreading out from there.
최근까지 최초의 인류는 아프리카 대륙을 떠나기 위해 북쪽으로 가는 길을 택했고, 중동으로 걸어 들어가 거기서 뻗어 나갔다고 일반적으로 추정되었다.
2. However, mtDNA analysis now suggests the exodus may have proceeded via a more southerly route.
하지만 현재 미토콘드리아 DNA 분석은 그 이동이 더 남쪽으로 가는 길을 통해 진행되었을지도 모른다는 것을 시사한다.
3. In 2005, an international team of researchers announced that an isolated group living in Malaysia appeared to be the descendants of humans who left Africa around 65,000 years ago.
2005년에 한 국제 연구 팀이 말레이시아에 사는 한 고립된 부족이 약 65,000년 전에 아프리카를 떠났던 인간들의 후손인 것처럼 보인다고 발표했다.
4. According to the researchers, climatic change underway at the time would have made a southerly route easier.
그 연구원들에 의하면, 그 당시 진행 중이던 기후 변화가 남쪽으로 가는 길을 더 쉽게 만들었을 것이라고 한다.
5. The genetic evidence suggests perhaps as few as several hundred individuals went first to India, then Southeast Asia and Australasia.
그 유전학적 증거는 아마도 겨우 몇 백 명 정도가 처음에 인도로, 그리고 동남아시아로, 그리고 호주로 갔을 것이라는 것을 시사한다.
6. If correct, this would explain why humans appear to have reached Australia around 50,000 years ago, while the oldest human remains in Europe ― a jawbone found in Romania―are only around 35,000 years old.
만약 이것이 옳다면, 이는 유럽에 있는 가장 오래된 인간의 유적인 루마니아에서 발견된 턱뼈가 약 35,000년 밖에 되지 않는 데 반해, 왜 인간이 약 50,000년 전에 호주에 도착했던 것처럼 보이는지를 설명해 줄 것이다.
1093-43
1. Even worse than reaching a conclusion with just a little evidence is the fallacy of reaching a conclusion without any evidence at all.
단지 약간의 증거만을 가지고 결론에 도달하는 것보다 훨씬 더 나쁜 것은 전혀 어떤 증거도 없이 결론에 이르는 오류이다.
2. Sometimes people mistake a separate event for a cause-and-effect relationship.
때때로 사람들은 분리된 사건을 인과관계로 오해한다.
3. They see that 'A' happened before 'B', so they mistakenly assume that 'A' caused 'B'.
(B) 그들은 A가 B보다 먼저 일어난 것을 보고, A가 B의 원인이었다는 잘못된 가정을 한다.
4. This is an error known in logic as a post hoc fallacy.
이것은 논리학에서 인과 설정의 오류('이것 다음에, 그러므로 이것 때문에')라고 알려진 오류이다.
5. For example, suppose you see a man in a black jacket hurry into a bank.
(C) 예를 들어, 당신은 검은 웃옷을 입은 사람이 은행으로 급히 들어가는 것을 본다고 가정해보자.
6. You notice that he is nervously carrying his briefcase, and a few moments later you hear a siren.
당신은 그가 그의 가방을 초조하게 가지고 가는 것을 주시하고, 몇 분 있다가 사이렌 소리를 듣는다.
7. You therefore leap to the conclusion that the man in the black jacket has robbed the bank.
(A) 따라서 당신은 그 불길한 검은 웃옷을 입은 사람이 은행에서 강도질을 했다고 속단한다.
8. However, such a leap tends to land far from the truth of the matter.
그러나 그러한 비약은 그 문제의 진실과 거리가 먼 경향이 있다.
9. You have absolutely no evidence ― only a suspicion based on coincidence.
당신은 단지 우연의 일치에 기초한 의심만 있을 뿐 증거가 전혀 없다.
10. This is a post hoc fallacy.
이것이 인과 설정의 오류이다.
1093-44
1. Hopi religion features a ritual calendar that includes a large number of annually required ceremonies.
호피족의 종교는 해마다 요구되는 많은 의식이 기재된 종교의식 달력으로 특징지어진다.
2. In most cases, each ceremony is 'owned' by the members of a certain clan.
대부분의 경우, 각 의식은 특정 씨족의 일원들에 의해 주관된다.
3. Every clan represented in a village has a clanhouse in which the masks and other sacred items used in the ceremonies are kept when not in use.
마을에 있는 모든 씨족은, 의식에 사용되는 가면과 다른 신성한 도구들을 쓰지 않을 때 보관해두는 씨족회관을 보유한다.
4. The clanhouse usually consists of a room adjoining the dwelling of the senior female member of the clan.
씨족회관은 대개 씨족의 고참 여성이 사는 곳과 인접해 있는 방으로 이루어져 있다.
5. This woman is in charge of storing ritual equipment and of seeing to it that they are treated with the proper respect.
이 여성은 제사 도구를 보관하고, 그 도구들이 적절한 경의를 받으며 다뤄지고 있는지를 보는 임무를 맡고 있다.
6. There is also a male head of each clan whose duties likewise are partly religious because he is in charge of the performance of ceremonies owned by his clan.
또한 각 씨족의 남성 우두머리의 임무는 마찬가지로 부분적으로 종교적인데, 그 이유는 그가 씨족에 의해 주관되는 종교의식을 수행할 책임이 있기 때문이다.
7. A male clan head passes his position down to either his younger brother or his sister's son.
씨족의 남성 우두머리는 자신의 지위를 남동생이나 혹은 누이의 아들에게 물려준다.
8. In this way, culturally important ritual knowledge is kept within the clan.
이런 식으로, 문화적으로 중요한 종교의식에 관련된 지식이 씨족 내에서 보존된다.
1093-45
1. The information processing model emphasizes rational analysis for solving problems, with an emphasis on techniques for quickly arriving at a solution.
정보처리 모델은 해결 방안에 빨리 도달하기 위한 기교에 역점을 두고, 문제 해결에 이성적 분석을 강조한다.
2. Culturally, this orientation fits well with the kinds of mental attributes which are normally valued by contemporary Western societies.
문화적으로는, 이러한 방향이 보통 현대 서구사회가 중요시하는 정신적 속성들과 잘 맞는다.
3. For example, Westerners tend to admire someone who is independent and quick-thinking.
예를 들어, 서양인들은 자립적이고 사고가 빠른 사람을 존경하는 경향이 있다.
4. But these characteristics are not universally valued.
그러나 이러한 특징들은 어디에서나 중요시되지는 않는다.
5. Agricultural African societies, for example, valued looking at the problem in the context of the whole society, noting its impact on various features of life.
예를 들면 농경 아프리카 사회는 삶의 다양한 면에 끼치는 영향에 주목하면서, 사회 전체의 맥락에서 문제를 보는 것을 중요시한다.
6. In most situations, speed in arriving at a solution was not a vital issue.
대부분의 상황에서는 해결방안에 도달하는 속도가 중요한 문제는 아니었다.
7. This is also found with the Cree and Ojibway in Canada.
이것은 캐나다의 크리 족과 오지브웨이 족에게서 또한 발견된다.
8. These groups historically lived in wilderness areas and faced many hardships;.
이러한 부족들은 역사적으로 황무지에서 살았고 많은 역경을 겪었다.
9. in these circumstances, they would rarely get a second chance at solving problems.
이러한 환경에서 그들은 문제 해결에 좀처럼 두 번의 기회를 거의 얻지 못했다.
10. Consequently, these Native people value taking time to reflect on a problem and mentally walk through possible solutions before any action is taken.
결과적으로 이러한 원주민들은 시간을 갖고 문제에 대해 심사숙고하고, 어떠한 조치가 취해지기 전에 가능한 해결책들을 마음속으로 검토해 보는 것을 중요시 한다.
1093-4647
1. The other day an acquaintance of mine, a sociable and charming man, told me he had found himself unexpectedly 'alone' in New York for an hour or two between appointments.
일전에 내가 알고 지내던 사교적이고 매력적인 남자가 내게 약속 시간 사이에 한두 시간 동안 뉴욕에서 뜻밖에 '홀로' 있는 자신을 발견했다고 말했다.
2. He went to the Whitney Museum and spent the 'empty' time looking at things by himself.
그는 Whitney Museum에 가서 혼자 전시물을 보면서 '비어 있는' 시간을 보냈다.
3. For him it proved to be a shock nearly as great as falling in love to discover that he could enjoy himself so much alone.
그에게 있어서, 혼자서도 충분히 즐거울 수 있다는 것을 알게 된 것은 거의 사랑에 빠지는 것만큼이나 큰 충격이었다.
4. What had he been afraid of ?
그는 무엇을 두려워했던가?
5. I asked myself .
나는 자신에게 물었다.
6. That, suddenly alone, he would discover that he bored himself, or that there was, quite simply, no self there to meet?
돌연히 혼자서, 그가 자신을 지루해 한다는 것 또는 거기에는 충족시킬 자아가 전혀 없다는 것을 알게 되는 것?
7. But having taken the first step into this new world, he is now about to begin a new adventure;.
하지만 그는 이러한 새로운 세상에 첫걸음을 내디디면서, 이제 새로운 모험을 막 시작했다.
8. he is about to be launched into his own inner space, space as immense, unexplored, and sometimes frightening as outer space to the astronaut.
그는 우주비행사에게 우주만큼이나 광대하고, 탐험되지 않았으며, 때로는 무시무시한 공간인 자신의 정신세계로 막 진출하게 되었다.
9. His every perception will come to him with a new freshness and, for a time, seem startlingly original.
그의 모든 지각은 그에게 새로운 신선함으로 다가올 것이며 잠시 동안은 놀랍게도 독창적인 것처럼 보일 것이다.
10. For anyone who can see things for himself with a naked eye becomes, for a moment or two, something of a genius.
육안으로 혼자서 사물을 볼 수 있는 사람은 누구나 잠시 동안은 어느 정도 천재가 되기 때문이다.
11. With another human being present vision becomes double vision, inevitably.
다른 사람이 있으면, 시야는 불가피하게 이중이 된다.
12. We are busy wondering, what does my companion see or think of this, and what do I think of it?
우리는 내 동료가 무엇을 보는지 또는 이것에 관해 어떻게 생각하는지, 그리고 내가 그것에 관해 어떻게 생각하는지를 궁금해 하느라 분주해진다.
13. The original impact gets lost.
독창적인 효과는 사라진다.
14. "Music I heard with you was more than music."
"당신과 함께 들은 음악은 음악 이상이었어요."
15. Exactly.
정말 맞는 말이다.
16. And therefore music 'itself' can only be heard alone.
그리고 따라서 음악 '그 자체'는 혼자서만 (제대로) 들을 수 있다.
17. Solitude is the salt of personhood.
고독이 개성을 잘 드러내 준다.
18. It brings out the authentic flavor of every experience.
그것은 모든 경험의 진정한 맛을 이끌어 낸다.
1093-4850
1. My grandmother's kitchen was overflowing with food.
내 할머니의 부엌은 음식으로 넘쳐났다.
2. She raised her daughters to keep an extra box and bottle unopened in the cupboard for every bottle and box that was in use.
그녀는 사용하는 모든 병과 통을 위해 찬장에는 개봉하지 않은 여분의 통과 병을 보관하도록 딸들을 키웠다.
3. Although she died before I was born, I was raised by her eldest daughter to do this same thing.
그녀는 내가 태어나기도 전에 돌아가셨지만, 나는 그녀의 장녀에 의해서 똑같이 하도록 (배우면서) 자라났다.
4. Absentminded as I am, I often find I have accumulated two or even three extras of anything in my house.
비록 내가 별 생각이 없을 때에도, 나는 때로 집에 둘 또는 심지어 세 개의 여분의 것들을 모아놓고 있었다는 것을 알게 된다.
5. But this abundance did not mean that things were to be wasted.
하지만 이러한 풍부함이 물건들을 낭비되게 하는 것을 의미하지는 않았다.
6. Everything was always used to the full.
모든 것은 항상 최대한도로 사용되었다.
7. Even the tea bags were used twice.
심지어 티백들도 두번 사용되어졌다.
8. There is a family story told about my grandmother's refrigerator.
나의 할머니 냉장고에 대해 전해지는 가족 이야기가 있다.
9. Her refrigerator was always full to the very edges and every shelf was put to use.
그녀의 냉장고는 항상 아주 구석까지 가득 차 있었으며 모든 선반이 활용되었다.
10. Occasionally when someone, usually a child, opened it without sufficient caution, an egg would fall out and break on the kitchen floor.
가끔 누군가가, 보통은 어린아이지만, 충분히 주의를 기울이지 않고 그것을 열 때, 계란 하나가 떨어져서 부엌 바닥에 깨지곤 하였다.
11. My grandmother's response was always the same.
(그에 대한) 할머니의 반응은 항상 같았다.
12. She would look at the broken egg with satisfaction.
그녀는 만족스럽게 깨진 계란을 바라보곤 하셨다.
13. "Aha," she would say, "today we have a sponge cake!"
그녀는 "아, 오늘 우리는 스펀지케이크를 먹는단다"라고 말씀하셨다.
14. Befriending life is not always about having things your own way.
삶을 돌보는 것이 항상 자신의 방식으로 일을 하는 것은 아니다.
15. Life is impermanent and full of broken eggs.
삶은 일시적이며, 깨진 계란들로 가득 차 있다.
16. But what is true of eggs is even more true of pain and loss and suffering.
계란에 적용되는 것은 고통과 상실, 그리고 아픔에도 훨씬 더 잘 적용된다.
17. Certain things are too important to be wasted.
어떤 것들은 헛되이 낭비하기에는 너무도 중요하다.
18. When I was sixteen, just after the doctor came and informed me that I had a disease that no one knew how to cure, my mother had reminded me of this.
내가 열여섯 살 때, 의사가 와서 아무도 치료법을 모르는 질병에 내가 걸렸다는 것을 내게 알려준 직후에, 어머니께서는 내게 이것을 깨닫게 해주셨다.
19. I had turned toward her in shock, but she did not cuddle or soothe.
나는 충격을 받아 그녀를 향해 돌아봤지만, 그녀는 꼭 껴안아 주거나 위로해 주지도 않았다.
20. Instead she reached out and took me by the hand.
대신, 그녀는 (손을) 뻗어 내 손을 잡았다.
21. "We will make a sponge cake," she told me firmly.
"우리는 스펀지케이크를 만들 거란다"라고 그녀는 내게 단호한 어조로 말했다.
22. It has taken many years to find the recipe, the one that is my own, but I knew in that moment that this was what I needed to do.
내 자신의 조리법을 발견하는 데는 많은 시간이 걸렸지만, 나는 그 순간 이것이 내가 할 필요가 있는 것이라는 것을 알았다.
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10년 9월 고3 영어 모의고사 한문장해석
고등모의 [워크북]/고32019. 10. 30. 18:31
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THE BLUET 1093 | Since 2005 임희재 블루티쳐 | 01033383436 | wayne.tistory.com | wayne36@daum.net | 191030 18:30:34
한 문장씩 자세히 보기
1093-18
1. I was pleased to receive your letter requesting a letter of reference for a Future Leaders scholarship.
2. As your physics teacher, I can certainly speak highly of your academic abilities.
3. Your grades have consistently been A’s and B’s in my class.
4. Since this is the first semester that I have had you in class, however, I do not feel that I am the right person to provide information on your leadership skills.
5. I would encourage you to request a reference letter from those teachers with whom you have had the most opportunity to demonstrate those skills.
6. I am sure many teachers would be willing to provide letters for you.
7. Good luck with your scholarship.
1093-19
1. There was a girl who grew flowers in New Jersey and sometimes took flowers to customers on Staten Island.
2. To get there, she had to go over a bridge paying a toll of $2.50.
3. One day, as she was approaching the toll booth, she saw a toll booth attendant who reminded her of her mother.
4. As she reached in her pocket, she found she had no money but a half dollar.
5. Not knowing what to do, she handed the coin to her and asked nervously, "Want to buy a fresh red rose?"
6. The attendant looked surprised at first, but glancing at the cars piling up behind her, she took two dollars from her purse and rang it up on the cash register.
7. "Yes, I’ll take it," she said with a smile.
8. "And I suppose the price is two dollars even, right?"
1093-20
1. The phrase, ‘jack-of-all-trades’ is a shortened version of ‘jack of all trades and master of none.’ It refers to those who claim to be proficient at countless tasks, but cannot perform a single one of them well.
2. The phrase was first used in England at the start of the Industrial Revolution.
3. A large number of efficiency experts set up shop in London, advertising themselves as knowledgeable about every type of new manufacturing process, trade, and business.
4. For a substantial fee, they would impart their knowledge to their clients.
5. But it soon became evident that their knowledge was limited and of no practical value.
6. Doubtful industrialists started calling these self-appointed experts ‘jacks of all trades and masters of none.’ These experts are still with us, and as a result so is the phrase.
1093-21
1. Mr. Potter was sailing for Europe on one of the greatest transatlantic ocean liners.
2. When he went on board, he found another passenger was to share the cabin with him.
3. After going to see the accommodations, he came up to the purser’s desk and inquired if he could leave his valuables in the ship’s safe.
4. Mr. Potter explained that ordinarily he never availed himself of that privilege, but he had been to his cabin and had met the man who was to occupy the other bed.
5. Judging from his appearance, he was afraid that he might not be a very trustworthy person.
6. The purser accepted the responsibility for the valuables and remarked , "It’s all right.
7. I’ll be very glad to take care of them for you.
8. The other man has been up here and left his valuables for the same reason!"
1093-22
1. Geothermal heat, generated inside the Earth, helps keep the temperature of the ground at a depth of several meters at a nearly constant temperature of about 10°C to 20°C.
2. This constant temperature can be used to cool and heat buildings by using a heat pump.
3. A heat pump contains a water-filled loop of pipe, which is buried to a depth where the temperature is nearly constant.
4. In summer, warm water from the building is pumped through the pipe down into the ground, since the underground temperature is lower than the air temperature.
5. The water cools and then is pumped back to the building where it absorbs more heat, and the cycle is repeated.
1093-23
1. Comparing yourself with others is natural and can be motivational.
2. However, too much of it leads to envy, especially if you’re ungenerous toward yourself.
3. Instead, try measuring your present self against your past self.
4. When I asked a salesperson to map his sales performance, he was amazed to see that he had achieved a 5% to 10% annual increase in sales while at his firm.
5. This made him feel more self-confident and lessened his resentment toward his colleagues.
6. If you feel threatened every time a perceived rival does well, remind yourself of your own strengths and successes.
1093-24
1. Michael dared to look inside the window, but from the deep shadow of the trees and the gloom within, he could not clearly make out the objects within.
2. Although every nerve in his body cautioned otherwise, he slowly pushed open the door.
3. The door creaked as it swung back.
4. As he carefully took a step inside, the door slammed shut.
5. Michael’s futile attempts to open the door only increased his panic.
6. He tried to calm his thundering heart by repeating to himself, "I am not afraid.
7. I am not afraid," but to no avail.
8. He suddenly felt an uneasy darkness consume him from within.
9. He opened his mouth to call for help, but his words failed him.
1093-25
1. Errors and failures typically corrupt all human designs.
2. Indeed, the failure of a single component of your car’s engine could force you to call for a tow truck.
3. Similarly, a tiny wiring error in your computer’s circuits can mean throwing the whole computer out.
4. Natural systems are different, though.
5. Throughout Earth’s history, an estimated 3 million to 100 million species have disappeared, which means that this year somewhere between three and a hundred species will vanish.
6. However, such natural extinctions appear to cause little harm.
7. Over millions of years the ecosystem has developed an amazing insensitivity to errors and failures, surviving even such drastic events as the impact of the Yucatan meteorite, which killed tens of thousands of species.
1093-26
1. Unlike deviance in other settings, deviance in sports often involves an unquestioned acceptance of and extreme conformity to norms and expectations.
2. For example, most North Americans see playing football as a positive activity.
3. Young men are encouraged to ‘be all they can be’ as football players and to live by slogans such as "There is no ‘I’ in t-e-a-m." They are encouraged to increase their weight and strength, so that they can play more effectively and contribute to the success of their teams.
4. When young men go too far in their acceptance of expectations to become bigger and stronger, when they are so committed to playing football and improving their skills on the field that they use muscle-building drugs, they become deviant.
5. This type of ‘overdoing-it-deviance’ is dangerous, but it is grounded in completely different social dynamics from the dynamics that occur in the ‘antisocial deviance’ enacted by alienated young people who reject commonly accepted rules and expectations.
1093-27
1. Time pressure leads to frustration, and when we are frustrated or experience other negative emotions, our thinking becomes narrower and less creative.
2. However, people are unaware of this phenomenon and live under the illusion that when they are experiencing time pressure, they are also more creative.
3. This explains why time pressure is pervasive and to some extent accounts for the increase in rates of depression.
4. We are generally too busy trying to squeeze more and more activities into less and less time.
5. Consequently, we fail to enjoy potential sources of happiness that may be all around us.
6. To enjoy the richness that life has to offer, we need to take our time.
1093-28
1. With no attempt there can be no failure and with no failure no humiliation.
2. So our self-esteem in this world depends entirely on what we back ourselves to be and do.
3. It is determined by the ratio of our actualities to our supposed potentialities.
4. Thus, success divided by pretensions equals self-esteem.
5. This illustrates how every rise in our levels of expectation entails a rise in the dangers of humiliation.
6. What we understand to be normal is critical in determining our chances of happiness.
7. It also hints at two ways for raising our self-esteem.
8. On the one hand, we may try to achieve more; and on the other, we may reduce the number of things we want to achieve.
9. The advantages of the latter approach lie in the following statement: To give up pretensions is as blessed a relief as to get them gratified.
1093-29
1. For many people ‘nature’ is defined as a negative: It exists where people do not.
2. Nature lies outside the urban and agricultural realms, in regions of Earth where natural processes are unhindered.
3. Nature is where fallen logs rot and acorns grow, wildfires turn woodlands into meadows, and barrier islands shift with the currents ― all without human interference.
4. By extension, this definition suggests that nature is best protected by keeping humans far away, so that it can continue to run itself.
5. But there is a serious problem with this view.
6. If nature is defined as a landscape uninfluenced by humankind, then there is no nature on the planet at all.
7. Prehistoric peoples changed their surrounding ecosystems, whether by installing orchards in the Amazon or by hunting many large mammals to extinction in North America.
8. And modern humans are changing the global environment even more profoundly, whether through planet-wide climate change, or by the worldwide movement of synthetic chemicals through the food chain.
1093-30
1. The most obvious salient feature of moral agents is a capacity for rational thought.
2. This is an uncontested necessary condition for any form of moral agency, since we all accept that people who are incapable of reasoned thought cannot be held morally responsible for their actions.
3. However, if we move beyond this uncontroversial salient feature of moral agents, then the most salient feature of actual flesh-and-blood (as opposed to ridiculously idealized) individual moral agents is surely the fact that every moral agent brings multiple perspectives to bear on every moral problem situation.
4. That is, there is no one-size-fits-all answer to the question "What are the basic ways in which moral agents wish to affect others?"
5. Rather, moral agents wish to affect ‘others’ in different ways depending upon who these ‘others’ are.
1093-31
1. When it comes to food choices, young people are particularly vulnerable to peer influences.
2. A teenage girl may eat nothing but a lettuce salad for lunch, even though she will become hungry later, because that is what her friends are eating.
3. A slim boy who hopes to make the wrestling team may routinely overload his plate with foods that are dense in carbohydrates and proteins to ‘bulk up’ like the wrestlers of his school.
4. An overweight teen may eat moderately while around his friends but then devour huge portions when alone.
5. Few young people are completely free of food-related pressures from peers, whether or not these pressures are imposed intentionally.
1093-32
1. It is said that although people laugh in the same way, they don’t necessarily laugh at the same things.
2. If this is true of a single community, it is even more true of people who live in different societies, because the topics that people find amusing, and the occasions that are regarded as appropriate for joking, can vary enormously from one society to the next.
3. Some styles of humor with silly actions are guaranteed to raise a laugh everywhere.
4. But because of their reliance on shared assumptions, most jokes travel very badly.
5. This is particularly noticeable in the case of jokes that involve a play on words.
6. They are difficult, and in some cases virtually impossible to translate into other languages.
7. Therefore, this is why people’s attempts to tell jokes to foreigners are so often met with blank stares.
1093-33
1. Many grocery stores give the shopper the option of paper or plastic grocery bags.
2. Many people instinctively say that paper is less harmful to the environment ― after all, paper is biodegradable and recyclable.
3. In contrast, most plastic is manufactured using oil by-products and natural gas.
4. Plastic is not always easily or economically recyclable, and once manufactured, plastic may last virtually indefinitely.
5. Yet in the United States, paper products are the single largest component of municipal waste.
6. Even though paper products may theoretically be biodegradable, in most landfills, they do not biodegrade.
7. Furthermore, paper production emits air pollution, specifically 70 percent more pollution than the production of plastic bags.
8. And consider that making paper uses trees that could be absorbing carbon dioxide.
9. The paper bag making process also results in three times more water pollutants than making plastic bags.
1093-34
1. While predictions about the future are always difficult, one can be made with certainty.
2. People will find themselves in large numbers of interactions where intercultural communication skills will be essential.
3. There are several reasons for such prediction.
4. Some reasons include increasing amounts of contact brought on by overseas assignments in the business world, the movement of college students spending time in other countries, and increasing amounts of international travel among tourists.
5. Others relate to social changes within any one large and complex nation: affirmative action, the movement of immigrants and refugees, bilingual education programs, and movement away from the goal that ethnic minorities become a part of a ‘melting pot.’ Therefore, it is essential that people research the cultures and communication conventions of those whom they propose to meet in the future.
1093-35
1. A famous psychiatrist was leading a symposium on the methods of getting patients to open up about themselves.
2. The psychiatrist challenged his colleagues with a boast: "I’ll bet that my technique will enable me to get a new patient to talk about the most private things during the first session without my having to ask a question."
3. What was his magic formula?
4. Simply this: He began the session by revealing to the patient something personal about himself ― secrets with which the patient might damage the doctor by breaking the confidence.
5. As he was ‘maskless,’ patients began to talk about their lives.
6. They opened themselves up to him because he had become an open-minded person himself, and openness evoked openness.
7. The same principle applies to all human relationships.
8. If you dare to take the initiative in self-revelation, the other person is much more likely to reveal secrets to you.
1093-36
1. The bar graph above shows the familiarity of the respondents with five prominent social media in 2007 and 2008.
2. According to the graph, the social media that was the most familiar in 2007 was blogging.
3. In the following year, social networking became the most familiar social media.
4. Video blogging, which was the least familiar social media in 2007, showed the biggest increase in familiarity among the three media that showed an increase from 2007 to 2008.
5. Wikis showed a bigger decrease in familiarity than podcasting from 2007 to 2008.
6. In 2008, podcasting and wikis were the least familiar social media.
1093-37
1. During the early 1980s, a team of Italian scientists carried out a series of studies under a variety of circumstances on the ticklishness of people.
2. The researchers found that people seem to have one foot that is more ticklish than the other ― and for most people it is the right.
3. The experiment was repeated in 1998 using a special way that a pointed nylon rod was stroked across the bottom of the foot three times at intervals of a second.
4. After applying it to thirty-four people, the researchers confirmed the original finding and pushed back the frontiers of knowledge still further by showing that males were more ticklish than females.
5. One suggested explanation is that the left side of the brain, which detects stimuli applied to the right foot, is associated with positive emotions such as laughter.
1093-38
1. Buffon was a famous zoologist and botanist during the reign of the French monarch Louis XVI.
2. Buffon stocked the park at Versailles with wild animals.
3. He also expanded the botanical garden on the Left Bank in Paris.
4. And with the confidence that goes with being a great collector, he began writing a comprehensive natural history of the world.
5. In that work, Buffon expressed the biased opinion that native animals of the New World are smaller than those of Europe, that there are fewer species of animals in America, and that even domesticated species of European animals diminished in size and vigor upon crossing the Atlantic.
6. Obviously, his opinions were not well-received and were severely criticized in America.
1093-39
1. After an event, all one has are memories of it.
2. Because most waits expect a desired outcome, it is the memory of the outcome that dominates, not the intermediate components.
3. If the overall outcome is pleasurable enough, any unpleasantness suffered along the way is minimized.
4. Terence Mitchell and Leigh Thompson call this ‘rosy retrospection.’ Mitchell and his colleagues studied participants in a 12-day tour of Europe, students going home for Thanksgiving vacation and a three-week bicycle tour across California.
5. In all of these cases, the results were similar.
6. Before an event, people looked forward with positive anticipation.
7. Afterward, they remembered fondly.
8. During?
9. Well, reality seldom lives up to expectations, so plenty of things go wrong.
10. As memory takes over, however, the unpleasantness fades and the good parts remain, perhaps to intensify, and even get amplified beyond reality.
1093-40
1. Every day, it seems, we learn of an apology from a prominent figure in response to an indiscretion of some sort.
2. Those in the public eye have an unfortunate tendency to apologize only after they have been found with a hand in the cookie jar.
3. When this happens, it is only natural for a skeptical public to wonder, "Are they apologizing for their conduct, or simply because they were caught?"
4. To make matters worse, the wrongdoer will often use the passive voice in his or her apology: "Mistakes were made," rather than, "I made a mistake."
5. It is more comfortable to use the passive voice here, but doing so relinquishes any sense of personal responsibility.
6. It is a non-apology and is not very meaningful.
1093-41
1. We can infer that there was prosperity in ancient Athens because this was a time that saw the planting of many olive trees.
2. Since olive trees do not produce their fruits for about thirty years, their planting indicates that people were optimistic about the future.
3. The growth in the export of olive oil also encouraged the development of pottery, in which the oil was transported.
4. About 535 B.C.
5. came the invention of red-figure vase painting.
6. Now the whole surface of the vase was blackened, with figures picked out in the natural red.
7. This allowed much more variety and realism.
8. And the prosperity brought about by the international trade in olive oil spread to the peasants and it was their rituals, with choral song and mimic dancing, that formed the basis of early theater.
1093-42
1. Until recently, it was generally assumed that the first humans took a northerly route to leave the African continent, walking into the Middle East and then spreading out from there.
2. However, mtDNA analysis now suggests the exodus may have proceeded via a more southerly route.
3. In 2005, an international team of researchers announced that an isolated group living in Malaysia appeared to be the descendants of humans who left Africa around 65,000 years ago.
4. According to the researchers, climatic change underway at the time would have made a southerly route easier.
5. The genetic evidence suggests perhaps as few as several hundred individuals went first to India, then Southeast Asia and Australasia.
6. If correct, this would explain why humans appear to have reached Australia around 50,000 years ago, while the oldest human remains in Europe ― a jawbone found in Romania―are only around 35,000 years old.
1093-43
1. Even worse than reaching a conclusion with just a little evidence is the fallacy of reaching a conclusion without any evidence at all.
2. Sometimes people mistake a separate event for a cause-and-effect relationship.
3. They see that ‘A’ happened before ‘B’, so they mistakenly assume that ‘A’ caused ‘B’.
4. This is an error known in logic as a post hoc fallacy.
5. For example, suppose you see a man in a black jacket hurry into a bank.
6. You notice that he is nervously carrying his briefcase, and a few moments later you hear a siren.
7. You therefore leap to the conclusion that the man in the black jacket has robbed the bank.
8. However, such a leap tends to land far from the truth of the matter.
9. You have absolutely no evidence ― only a suspicion based on coincidence.
10. This is a post hoc fallacy.
1093-44
1. Hopi religion features a ritual calendar that includes a large number of annually required ceremonies.
2. In most cases, each ceremony is ‘owned’ by the members of a certain clan.
3. Every clan represented in a village has a clanhouse in which the masks and other sacred items used in the ceremonies are kept when not in use.
4. The clanhouse usually consists of a room adjoining the dwelling of the senior female member of the clan.
5. This woman is in charge of storing ritual equipment and of seeing to it that they are treated with the proper respect.
6. There is also a male head of each clan whose duties likewise are partly religious because he is in charge of the performance of ceremonies owned by his clan.
7. A male clan head passes his position down to either his younger brother or his sister’s son.
8. In this way, culturally important ritual knowledge is kept within the clan.
1093-45
1. The information processing model emphasizes rational analysis for solving problems, with an emphasis on techniques for quickly arriving at a solution.
2. Culturally, this orientation fits well with the kinds of mental attributes which are normally valued by contemporary Western societies.
3. For example, Westerners tend to admire someone who is independent and quick-thinking.
4. But these characteristics are not universally valued.
5. Agricultural African societies, for example, valued looking at the problem in the context of the whole society, noting its impact on various features of life.
6. In most situations, speed in arriving at a solution was not a vital issue.
7. This is also found with the Cree and Ojibway in Canada.
8. These groups historically lived in wilderness areas and faced many hardships; in these circumstances, they would rarely get a second chance at solving problems.
9. Consequently, these Native people value taking time to reflect on a problem and mentally walk through possible solutions before any action is taken.
1093-4647
1. The other day an acquaintance of mine, a sociable and charming man, told me he had found himself unexpectedly ‘alone’ in New York for an hour or two between appointments.
2. He went to the Whitney Museum and spent the ‘empty’ time looking at things by himself.
3. For him it proved to be a shock nearly as great as falling in love to discover that he could enjoy himself so much alone.
4. What had he been afraid of ?
5. I asked myself .
6. That, suddenly alone, he would discover that he bored himself, or that there was, quite simply, no self there to meet?
7. But having taken the first step into this new world, he is now about to begin a new adventure; he is about to be launched into his own inner space, space as immense, unexplored, and sometimes frightening as outer space to the astronaut.
8. His every perception will come to him with a new freshness and, for a time, seem startlingly original.
9. For anyone who can see things for himself with a naked eye becomes, for a moment or two, something of a genius.
10. With another human being present vision becomes double vision, inevitably.
11. We are busy wondering, what does my companion see or think of this, and what do I think of it?
12. The original impact gets lost.
13. "Music I heard with you was more than music."
14. Exactly.
15. And therefore music ‘itself’ can only be heard alone.
16. Solitude is the salt of personhood.
17. It brings out the authentic flavor of every experience.
1093-4850
1. My grandmother’s kitchen was overflowing with food.
2. She raised her daughters to keep an extra box and bottle unopened in the cupboard for every bottle and box that was in use.
3. Although she died before I was born, I was raised by her eldest daughter to do this same thing.
4. Absentminded as I am, I often find I have accumulated two or even three extras of anything in my house.
5. But this abundance did not mean that things were to be wasted.
6. Everything was always used to the full.
7. Even the tea bags were used twice.
8. There is a family story told about my grandmother’s refrigerator.
9. Her refrigerator was always full to the very edges and every shelf was put to use.
10. Occasionally when someone, usually a child, opened it without sufficient caution, an egg would fall out and break on the kitchen floor.
11. My grandmother’s response was always the same.
12. She would look at the broken egg with satisfaction.
13. "Aha," she would say, "today we have a sponge cake!"
14. Befriending life is not always about having things your own way.
15. Life is impermanent and full of broken eggs.
16. But what is true of eggs is even more true of pain and loss and suffering.
17. Certain things are too important to be wasted.
18. When I was sixteen, just after the doctor came and informed me that I had a disease that no one knew how to cure, my mother had reminded me of this.
19. I had turned toward her in shock, but she did not cuddle or soothe.
20. Instead she reached out and took me by the hand.
21. "We will make a sponge cake," she told me firmly.
22. It has taken many years to find the recipe, the one that is my own, but I knew in that moment that this was what I needed to do.
1093-18
1. I was pleased to receive your letter requesting a letter of reference for a Future Leaders scholarship.
2. As your physics teacher, I can certainly speak highly of your academic abilities.
3. Your grades have consistently been A’s and B’s in my class.
4. Since this is the first semester that I have had you in class, however, I do not feel that I am the right person to provide information on your leadership skills.
5. I would encourage you to request a reference letter from those teachers with whom you have had the most opportunity to demonstrate those skills.
6. I am sure many teachers would be willing to provide letters for you.
7. Good luck with your scholarship.
1093-19
1. There was a girl who grew flowers in New Jersey and sometimes took flowers to customers on Staten Island.
2. To get there, she had to go over a bridge paying a toll of $2.50.
3. One day, as she was approaching the toll booth, she saw a toll booth attendant who reminded her of her mother.
4. As she reached in her pocket, she found she had no money but a half dollar.
5. Not knowing what to do, she handed the coin to her and asked nervously, "Want to buy a fresh red rose?"
6. The attendant looked surprised at first, but glancing at the cars piling up behind her, she took two dollars from her purse and rang it up on the cash register.
7. "Yes, I’ll take it," she said with a smile.
8. "And I suppose the price is two dollars even, right?"
1093-20
1. The phrase, ‘jack-of-all-trades’ is a shortened version of ‘jack of all trades and master of none.’ It refers to those who claim to be proficient at countless tasks, but cannot perform a single one of them well.
2. The phrase was first used in England at the start of the Industrial Revolution.
3. A large number of efficiency experts set up shop in London, advertising themselves as knowledgeable about every type of new manufacturing process, trade, and business.
4. For a substantial fee, they would impart their knowledge to their clients.
5. But it soon became evident that their knowledge was limited and of no practical value.
6. Doubtful industrialists started calling these self-appointed experts ‘jacks of all trades and masters of none.’ These experts are still with us, and as a result so is the phrase.
1093-21
1. Mr. Potter was sailing for Europe on one of the greatest transatlantic ocean liners.
2. When he went on board, he found another passenger was to share the cabin with him.
3. After going to see the accommodations, he came up to the purser’s desk and inquired if he could leave his valuables in the ship’s safe.
4. Mr. Potter explained that ordinarily he never availed himself of that privilege, but he had been to his cabin and had met the man who was to occupy the other bed.
5. Judging from his appearance, he was afraid that he might not be a very trustworthy person.
6. The purser accepted the responsibility for the valuables and remarked , "It’s all right.
7. I’ll be very glad to take care of them for you.
8. The other man has been up here and left his valuables for the same reason!"
1093-22
1. Geothermal heat, generated inside the Earth, helps keep the temperature of the ground at a depth of several meters at a nearly constant temperature of about 10°C to 20°C.
2. This constant temperature can be used to cool and heat buildings by using a heat pump.
3. A heat pump contains a water-filled loop of pipe, which is buried to a depth where the temperature is nearly constant.
4. In summer, warm water from the building is pumped through the pipe down into the ground, since the underground temperature is lower than the air temperature.
5. The water cools and then is pumped back to the building where it absorbs more heat, and the cycle is repeated.
1093-23
1. Comparing yourself with others is natural and can be motivational.
2. However, too much of it leads to envy, especially if you’re ungenerous toward yourself.
3. Instead, try measuring your present self against your past self.
4. When I asked a salesperson to map his sales performance, he was amazed to see that he had achieved a 5% to 10% annual increase in sales while at his firm.
5. This made him feel more self-confident and lessened his resentment toward his colleagues.
6. If you feel threatened every time a perceived rival does well, remind yourself of your own strengths and successes.
1093-24
1. Michael dared to look inside the window, but from the deep shadow of the trees and the gloom within, he could not clearly make out the objects within.
2. Although every nerve in his body cautioned otherwise, he slowly pushed open the door.
3. The door creaked as it swung back.
4. As he carefully took a step inside, the door slammed shut.
5. Michael’s futile attempts to open the door only increased his panic.
6. He tried to calm his thundering heart by repeating to himself, "I am not afraid.
7. I am not afraid," but to no avail.
8. He suddenly felt an uneasy darkness consume him from within.
9. He opened his mouth to call for help, but his words failed him.
1093-25
1. Errors and failures typically corrupt all human designs.
2. Indeed, the failure of a single component of your car’s engine could force you to call for a tow truck.
3. Similarly, a tiny wiring error in your computer’s circuits can mean throwing the whole computer out.
4. Natural systems are different, though.
5. Throughout Earth’s history, an estimated 3 million to 100 million species have disappeared, which means that this year somewhere between three and a hundred species will vanish.
6. However, such natural extinctions appear to cause little harm.
7. Over millions of years the ecosystem has developed an amazing insensitivity to errors and failures, surviving even such drastic events as the impact of the Yucatan meteorite, which killed tens of thousands of species.
1093-26
1. Unlike deviance in other settings, deviance in sports often involves an unquestioned acceptance of and extreme conformity to norms and expectations.
2. For example, most North Americans see playing football as a positive activity.
3. Young men are encouraged to ‘be all they can be’ as football players and to live by slogans such as "There is no ‘I’ in t-e-a-m." They are encouraged to increase their weight and strength, so that they can play more effectively and contribute to the success of their teams.
4. When young men go too far in their acceptance of expectations to become bigger and stronger, when they are so committed to playing football and improving their skills on the field that they use muscle-building drugs, they become deviant.
5. This type of ‘overdoing-it-deviance’ is dangerous, but it is grounded in completely different social dynamics from the dynamics that occur in the ‘antisocial deviance’ enacted by alienated young people who reject commonly accepted rules and expectations.
1093-27
1. Time pressure leads to frustration, and when we are frustrated or experience other negative emotions, our thinking becomes narrower and less creative.
2. However, people are unaware of this phenomenon and live under the illusion that when they are experiencing time pressure, they are also more creative.
3. This explains why time pressure is pervasive and to some extent accounts for the increase in rates of depression.
4. We are generally too busy trying to squeeze more and more activities into less and less time.
5. Consequently, we fail to enjoy potential sources of happiness that may be all around us.
6. To enjoy the richness that life has to offer, we need to take our time.
1093-28
1. With no attempt there can be no failure and with no failure no humiliation.
2. So our self-esteem in this world depends entirely on what we back ourselves to be and do.
3. It is determined by the ratio of our actualities to our supposed potentialities.
4. Thus, success divided by pretensions equals self-esteem.
5. This illustrates how every rise in our levels of expectation entails a rise in the dangers of humiliation.
6. What we understand to be normal is critical in determining our chances of happiness.
7. It also hints at two ways for raising our self-esteem.
8. On the one hand, we may try to achieve more; and on the other, we may reduce the number of things we want to achieve.
9. The advantages of the latter approach lie in the following statement: To give up pretensions is as blessed a relief as to get them gratified.
1093-29
1. For many people ‘nature’ is defined as a negative: It exists where people do not.
2. Nature lies outside the urban and agricultural realms, in regions of Earth where natural processes are unhindered.
3. Nature is where fallen logs rot and acorns grow, wildfires turn woodlands into meadows, and barrier islands shift with the currents ― all without human interference.
4. By extension, this definition suggests that nature is best protected by keeping humans far away, so that it can continue to run itself.
5. But there is a serious problem with this view.
6. If nature is defined as a landscape uninfluenced by humankind, then there is no nature on the planet at all.
7. Prehistoric peoples changed their surrounding ecosystems, whether by installing orchards in the Amazon or by hunting many large mammals to extinction in North America.
8. And modern humans are changing the global environment even more profoundly, whether through planet-wide climate change, or by the worldwide movement of synthetic chemicals through the food chain.
1093-30
1. The most obvious salient feature of moral agents is a capacity for rational thought.
2. This is an uncontested necessary condition for any form of moral agency, since we all accept that people who are incapable of reasoned thought cannot be held morally responsible for their actions.
3. However, if we move beyond this uncontroversial salient feature of moral agents, then the most salient feature of actual flesh-and-blood (as opposed to ridiculously idealized) individual moral agents is surely the fact that every moral agent brings multiple perspectives to bear on every moral problem situation.
4. That is, there is no one-size-fits-all answer to the question "What are the basic ways in which moral agents wish to affect others?"
5. Rather, moral agents wish to affect ‘others’ in different ways depending upon who these ‘others’ are.
1093-31
1. When it comes to food choices, young people are particularly vulnerable to peer influences.
2. A teenage girl may eat nothing but a lettuce salad for lunch, even though she will become hungry later, because that is what her friends are eating.
3. A slim boy who hopes to make the wrestling team may routinely overload his plate with foods that are dense in carbohydrates and proteins to ‘bulk up’ like the wrestlers of his school.
4. An overweight teen may eat moderately while around his friends but then devour huge portions when alone.
5. Few young people are completely free of food-related pressures from peers, whether or not these pressures are imposed intentionally.
1093-32
1. It is said that although people laugh in the same way, they don’t necessarily laugh at the same things.
2. If this is true of a single community, it is even more true of people who live in different societies, because the topics that people find amusing, and the occasions that are regarded as appropriate for joking, can vary enormously from one society to the next.
3. Some styles of humor with silly actions are guaranteed to raise a laugh everywhere.
4. But because of their reliance on shared assumptions, most jokes travel very badly.
5. This is particularly noticeable in the case of jokes that involve a play on words.
6. They are difficult, and in some cases virtually impossible to translate into other languages.
7. Therefore, this is why people’s attempts to tell jokes to foreigners are so often met with blank stares.
1093-33
1. Many grocery stores give the shopper the option of paper or plastic grocery bags.
2. Many people instinctively say that paper is less harmful to the environment ― after all, paper is biodegradable and recyclable.
3. In contrast, most plastic is manufactured using oil by-products and natural gas.
4. Plastic is not always easily or economically recyclable, and once manufactured, plastic may last virtually indefinitely.
5. Yet in the United States, paper products are the single largest component of municipal waste.
6. Even though paper products may theoretically be biodegradable, in most landfills, they do not biodegrade.
7. Furthermore, paper production emits air pollution, specifically 70 percent more pollution than the production of plastic bags.
8. And consider that making paper uses trees that could be absorbing carbon dioxide.
9. The paper bag making process also results in three times more water pollutants than making plastic bags.
1093-34
1. While predictions about the future are always difficult, one can be made with certainty.
2. People will find themselves in large numbers of interactions where intercultural communication skills will be essential.
3. There are several reasons for such prediction.
4. Some reasons include increasing amounts of contact brought on by overseas assignments in the business world, the movement of college students spending time in other countries, and increasing amounts of international travel among tourists.
5. Others relate to social changes within any one large and complex nation: affirmative action, the movement of immigrants and refugees, bilingual education programs, and movement away from the goal that ethnic minorities become a part of a ‘melting pot.’ Therefore, it is essential that people research the cultures and communication conventions of those whom they propose to meet in the future.
1093-35
1. A famous psychiatrist was leading a symposium on the methods of getting patients to open up about themselves.
2. The psychiatrist challenged his colleagues with a boast: "I’ll bet that my technique will enable me to get a new patient to talk about the most private things during the first session without my having to ask a question."
3. What was his magic formula?
4. Simply this: He began the session by revealing to the patient something personal about himself ― secrets with which the patient might damage the doctor by breaking the confidence.
5. As he was ‘maskless,’ patients began to talk about their lives.
6. They opened themselves up to him because he had become an open-minded person himself, and openness evoked openness.
7. The same principle applies to all human relationships.
8. If you dare to take the initiative in self-revelation, the other person is much more likely to reveal secrets to you.
1093-36
1. The bar graph above shows the familiarity of the respondents with five prominent social media in 2007 and 2008.
2. According to the graph, the social media that was the most familiar in 2007 was blogging.
3. In the following year, social networking became the most familiar social media.
4. Video blogging, which was the least familiar social media in 2007, showed the biggest increase in familiarity among the three media that showed an increase from 2007 to 2008.
5. Wikis showed a bigger decrease in familiarity than podcasting from 2007 to 2008.
6. In 2008, podcasting and wikis were the least familiar social media.
1093-37
1. During the early 1980s, a team of Italian scientists carried out a series of studies under a variety of circumstances on the ticklishness of people.
2. The researchers found that people seem to have one foot that is more ticklish than the other ― and for most people it is the right.
3. The experiment was repeated in 1998 using a special way that a pointed nylon rod was stroked across the bottom of the foot three times at intervals of a second.
4. After applying it to thirty-four people, the researchers confirmed the original finding and pushed back the frontiers of knowledge still further by showing that males were more ticklish than females.
5. One suggested explanation is that the left side of the brain, which detects stimuli applied to the right foot, is associated with positive emotions such as laughter.
1093-38
1. Buffon was a famous zoologist and botanist during the reign of the French monarch Louis XVI.
2. Buffon stocked the park at Versailles with wild animals.
3. He also expanded the botanical garden on the Left Bank in Paris.
4. And with the confidence that goes with being a great collector, he began writing a comprehensive natural history of the world.
5. In that work, Buffon expressed the biased opinion that native animals of the New World are smaller than those of Europe, that there are fewer species of animals in America, and that even domesticated species of European animals diminished in size and vigor upon crossing the Atlantic.
6. Obviously, his opinions were not well-received and were severely criticized in America.
1093-39
1. After an event, all one has are memories of it.
2. Because most waits expect a desired outcome, it is the memory of the outcome that dominates, not the intermediate components.
3. If the overall outcome is pleasurable enough, any unpleasantness suffered along the way is minimized.
4. Terence Mitchell and Leigh Thompson call this ‘rosy retrospection.’ Mitchell and his colleagues studied participants in a 12-day tour of Europe, students going home for Thanksgiving vacation and a three-week bicycle tour across California.
5. In all of these cases, the results were similar.
6. Before an event, people looked forward with positive anticipation.
7. Afterward, they remembered fondly.
8. During?
9. Well, reality seldom lives up to expectations, so plenty of things go wrong.
10. As memory takes over, however, the unpleasantness fades and the good parts remain, perhaps to intensify, and even get amplified beyond reality.
1093-40
1. Every day, it seems, we learn of an apology from a prominent figure in response to an indiscretion of some sort.
2. Those in the public eye have an unfortunate tendency to apologize only after they have been found with a hand in the cookie jar.
3. When this happens, it is only natural for a skeptical public to wonder, "Are they apologizing for their conduct, or simply because they were caught?"
4. To make matters worse, the wrongdoer will often use the passive voice in his or her apology: "Mistakes were made," rather than, "I made a mistake."
5. It is more comfortable to use the passive voice here, but doing so relinquishes any sense of personal responsibility.
6. It is a non-apology and is not very meaningful.
1093-41
1. We can infer that there was prosperity in ancient Athens because this was a time that saw the planting of many olive trees.
2. Since olive trees do not produce their fruits for about thirty years, their planting indicates that people were optimistic about the future.
3. The growth in the export of olive oil also encouraged the development of pottery, in which the oil was transported.
4. About 535 B.C.
5. came the invention of red-figure vase painting.
6. Now the whole surface of the vase was blackened, with figures picked out in the natural red.
7. This allowed much more variety and realism.
8. And the prosperity brought about by the international trade in olive oil spread to the peasants and it was their rituals, with choral song and mimic dancing, that formed the basis of early theater.
1093-42
1. Until recently, it was generally assumed that the first humans took a northerly route to leave the African continent, walking into the Middle East and then spreading out from there.
2. However, mtDNA analysis now suggests the exodus may have proceeded via a more southerly route.
3. In 2005, an international team of researchers announced that an isolated group living in Malaysia appeared to be the descendants of humans who left Africa around 65,000 years ago.
4. According to the researchers, climatic change underway at the time would have made a southerly route easier.
5. The genetic evidence suggests perhaps as few as several hundred individuals went first to India, then Southeast Asia and Australasia.
6. If correct, this would explain why humans appear to have reached Australia around 50,000 years ago, while the oldest human remains in Europe ― a jawbone found in Romania―are only around 35,000 years old.
1093-43
1. Even worse than reaching a conclusion with just a little evidence is the fallacy of reaching a conclusion without any evidence at all.
2. Sometimes people mistake a separate event for a cause-and-effect relationship.
3. They see that ‘A’ happened before ‘B’, so they mistakenly assume that ‘A’ caused ‘B’.
4. This is an error known in logic as a post hoc fallacy.
5. For example, suppose you see a man in a black jacket hurry into a bank.
6. You notice that he is nervously carrying his briefcase, and a few moments later you hear a siren.
7. You therefore leap to the conclusion that the man in the black jacket has robbed the bank.
8. However, such a leap tends to land far from the truth of the matter.
9. You have absolutely no evidence ― only a suspicion based on coincidence.
10. This is a post hoc fallacy.
1093-44
1. Hopi religion features a ritual calendar that includes a large number of annually required ceremonies.
2. In most cases, each ceremony is ‘owned’ by the members of a certain clan.
3. Every clan represented in a village has a clanhouse in which the masks and other sacred items used in the ceremonies are kept when not in use.
4. The clanhouse usually consists of a room adjoining the dwelling of the senior female member of the clan.
5. This woman is in charge of storing ritual equipment and of seeing to it that they are treated with the proper respect.
6. There is also a male head of each clan whose duties likewise are partly religious because he is in charge of the performance of ceremonies owned by his clan.
7. A male clan head passes his position down to either his younger brother or his sister’s son.
8. In this way, culturally important ritual knowledge is kept within the clan.
1093-45
1. The information processing model emphasizes rational analysis for solving problems, with an emphasis on techniques for quickly arriving at a solution.
2. Culturally, this orientation fits well with the kinds of mental attributes which are normally valued by contemporary Western societies.
3. For example, Westerners tend to admire someone who is independent and quick-thinking.
4. But these characteristics are not universally valued.
5. Agricultural African societies, for example, valued looking at the problem in the context of the whole society, noting its impact on various features of life.
6. In most situations, speed in arriving at a solution was not a vital issue.
7. This is also found with the Cree and Ojibway in Canada.
8. These groups historically lived in wilderness areas and faced many hardships; in these circumstances, they would rarely get a second chance at solving problems.
9. Consequently, these Native people value taking time to reflect on a problem and mentally walk through possible solutions before any action is taken.
1093-4647
1. The other day an acquaintance of mine, a sociable and charming man, told me he had found himself unexpectedly ‘alone’ in New York for an hour or two between appointments.
2. He went to the Whitney Museum and spent the ‘empty’ time looking at things by himself.
3. For him it proved to be a shock nearly as great as falling in love to discover that he could enjoy himself so much alone.
4. What had he been afraid of ?
5. I asked myself .
6. That, suddenly alone, he would discover that he bored himself, or that there was, quite simply, no self there to meet?
7. But having taken the first step into this new world, he is now about to begin a new adventure; he is about to be launched into his own inner space, space as immense, unexplored, and sometimes frightening as outer space to the astronaut.
8. His every perception will come to him with a new freshness and, for a time, seem startlingly original.
9. For anyone who can see things for himself with a naked eye becomes, for a moment or two, something of a genius.
10. With another human being present vision becomes double vision, inevitably.
11. We are busy wondering, what does my companion see or think of this, and what do I think of it?
12. The original impact gets lost.
13. "Music I heard with you was more than music."
14. Exactly.
15. And therefore music ‘itself’ can only be heard alone.
16. Solitude is the salt of personhood.
17. It brings out the authentic flavor of every experience.
1093-4850
1. My grandmother’s kitchen was overflowing with food.
2. She raised her daughters to keep an extra box and bottle unopened in the cupboard for every bottle and box that was in use.
3. Although she died before I was born, I was raised by her eldest daughter to do this same thing.
4. Absentminded as I am, I often find I have accumulated two or even three extras of anything in my house.
5. But this abundance did not mean that things were to be wasted.
6. Everything was always used to the full.
7. Even the tea bags were used twice.
8. There is a family story told about my grandmother’s refrigerator.
9. Her refrigerator was always full to the very edges and every shelf was put to use.
10. Occasionally when someone, usually a child, opened it without sufficient caution, an egg would fall out and break on the kitchen floor.
11. My grandmother’s response was always the same.
12. She would look at the broken egg with satisfaction.
13. "Aha," she would say, "today we have a sponge cake!"
14. Befriending life is not always about having things your own way.
15. Life is impermanent and full of broken eggs.
16. But what is true of eggs is even more true of pain and loss and suffering.
17. Certain things are too important to be wasted.
18. When I was sixteen, just after the doctor came and informed me that I had a disease that no one knew how to cure, my mother had reminded me of this.
19. I had turned toward her in shock, but she did not cuddle or soothe.
20. Instead she reached out and took me by the hand.
21. "We will make a sponge cake," she told me firmly.
22. It has taken many years to find the recipe, the one that is my own, but I knew in that moment that this was what I needed to do.
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THE BLUET 19?3 | Since 2005 임희재 블루티쳐 | 01033383436 | wayne.tistory.com | wayne36@daum.net | 191021 14:47:41
23446 전체
4642 Uniq
47. time: 61
68. after: 37
72. make: 36
73. world: 36
79. social: 33
82. example: 32
83. grace: 32
85. those: 31
86. information: 30
90. brain: 29
91. each: 29
92. knowledge: 29
96. something: 29
98. human: 28
100. way: 28
102. know: 27
104. phillip: 27
105. work: 27
106. both: 26
107. life: 26
108. said: 26
110. change: 25
117. another: 23
118. person: 23
119. child: 22
120. does: 22
121. group: 22
122. joe: 22
124. same: 22
125. science: 22
126. two: 22
128. important: 21
131. made: 20
132. much: 20
133. sayley: 20
134. use: 20
137. different: 19
138. own: 19
139. self: 19
142. years: 19
143. better: 18
144. children: 18
146. fact: 18
148. individual: 18
151. times: 18
153. food: 17
154. get: 17
155. making: 17
156. three: 17
157. behavior: 16
159. take: 16
160. want: 16
161. art: 15
162. found: 15
163. good: 15
166. organisms: 15
167. political: 15
168. think: 15
169. words: 15
172. become: 14
173. billy: 14
174. concept: 14
175. course: 14
176. known: 14
177. long: 14
178. nancy: 14
180. past: 14
181. place: 14
182. problem: 14
183. say: 14
184. thus: 14
185. value: 14
186. animals: 13
187. asked: 13
188. certain: 13
189. environment: 13
192. learn: 13
193. learning: 13
194. need: 13
196. part: 13
197. point: 13
198. process: 13
199. see: 13
200. species: 13
201. technology: 13
202. toward: 13
203. activity: 12
206. carol: 12
207. city: 12
208. color: 12
209. community: 12
210. data: 12
214. experience: 12
215. father: 12
216. idea: 12
217. modern: 12
218. mom: 12
219. music: 12
220. players: 12
221. right: 12
222. sometimes: 12
223. start: 12
224. understanding: 12
225. university: 12
227. word: 12
228. again: 11
229. class: 11
230. control: 11
231. doesn: 11
232. dog: 11
233. feel: 11
235. find: 11
236. focus: 11
237. form: 11
238. give: 11
239. hard: 11
240. later: 11
241. look: 11
242. mind: 11
243. mother: 11
244. possible: 11
245. present: 11
246. students: 11
247. thinking: 11
248. though: 11
250. used: 11
252. year: 11
253. allen: 10
254. average: 10
256. bad: 10
257. british: 10
258. brooks: 10
259. century: 10
260. chess: 10
261. come: 10
262. create: 10
263. difficult: 10
264. energy: 10
265. evidence: 10
266. experiences: 10
267. fernando: 10
268. great: 10
269. instead: 10
270. last: 10
271. mary: 10
272. natural: 10
274. number: 10
275. old: 10
276. participants: 10
277. problems: 10
278. public: 10
280. read: 10
281. school: 10
282. sense: 10
283. smart: 10
284. specific: 10
285. states: 10
286. text: 10
288. today: 10
289. true: 10
290. understand: 10
291. ways: 10
292. writing: 10
294. age: 9
295. allowed: 9
296. apple: 9
297. architecture: 9
298. arts: 9
300. book: 9
301. brains: 9
302. camp: 9
303. challenges: 9
304. changes: 9
305. comes: 9
306. creativity: 9
307. critical: 9
308. day: 9
309. early: 9
310. easily: 9
312. everything: 9
313. face: 9
314. feedback: 9
315. feeling: 9
316. felt: 9
317. habits: 9
318. happiness: 9
319. having: 9
320. health: 9
321. help: 9
322. increased: 9
323. individuals: 9
324. keep: 9
325. knew: 9
326. language: 9
327. large: 9
328. likely: 9
329. local: 9
330. master: 9
331. mental: 9
332. nature: 9
333. negative: 9
335. real: 9
336. reason: 9
337. researchers: 9
338. respondents: 9
339. result: 9
341. study: 9
342. task: 9
343. water: 9
345. adults: 8
346. against: 8
347. answer: 8
348. ask: 8
349. assumes: 8
350. became: 8
351. body: 8
352. born: 8
353. brands: 8
354. compared: 8
355. created: 8
356. cultural: 8
358. effect: 8
359. enough: 8
360. future: 8
361. girl: 8
362. go: 8
363. groups: 8
364. happen: 8
365. hear: 8
366. high: 8
367. ideas: 8
368. kids: 8
369. let: 8
370. makes: 8
371. market: 8
372. material: 8
373. means: 8
374. memory: 8
376. oxford: 8
377. paper: 8
378. plants: 8
379. play: 8
380. politics: 8
381. positive: 8
382. reading: 8
383. retail: 8
384. rights: 8
385. set: 8
386. suggests: 8
387. summer: 8
388. susan: 8
389. timothy: 8
390. together: 8
391. told: 8
392. truth: 8
393. united: 8
395. worry: 8
397. ability: 7
398. able: 7
399. act: 7
400. alligator: 7
401. approach: 7
402. attached: 7
403. august: 7
404. bear: 7
405. began: 7
406. believe: 7
407. beverages: 7
408. build: 7
409. building: 7
410. cannot: 7
411. case: 7
412. co: 7
413. college: 7
414. consequences: 7
415. creative: 7
416. daughter: 7
417. determine: 7
418. device: 7
420. direct: 7
421. driving: 7
422. eat: 7
423. economic: 7
424. ethics: 7
425. events: 7
426. evolution: 7
427. exist: 7
428. facts: 7
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2019년 10월 고3 영어 모의고사 순서 변형문제
고등모의 [워크북]/고32019. 10. 20. 23:05
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THE BLUET 19103 | Since 2005 임희재 블루티쳐 | 01033383436 | wayne.tistory.com | wayne36@daum.net | 191020 23:04:36
다음 글의 바른 순서는?
19103-18 ['This'] 1
We would like to thank you for your suggestion about switching to the new ABC software for maintaining the company's database system.
(A) This update will surely make our management system more efficient as well as more cost-effective in the long run. Your idea is currently being reviewed by the board. 0
(B) Thank you for your dedication. 2
(C) In order to further discuss your idea, you are required to attend a meeting with the technical team at 2 p.m. on October 8th in Meeting Room A. After assessing the feasibility of the proposal, we would like to proceed with the implementation without any delay. 1
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ②
We would like to thank you for your suggestion about switching to the new ABC software for maintaining the company's database system.
(A) This update will surely make our management system more efficient as well as more cost-effective in the long run. Your idea is currently being reviewed by the board. 0
(B) Thank you for your dedication. 2
(C) In order to further discuss your idea, you are required to attend a meeting with the technical team at 2 p.m. on October 8th in Meeting Room A. After assessing the feasibility of the proposal, we would like to proceed with the implementation without any delay. 1
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ②
19103-19 ['When', 'With '] 2
Mary held my hand and made me follow her.
(A) When Mary pulled off my blindfold, my jaw dropped and I gasped at the sight before me. We were on a hill. There were no city lights anywhere in sight. 1
(B) With my eyes blindfolded, I was wondering to what fantastic place she was taking me. She stopped me suddenly and played my all-time favorite song: When the Stars Go Blue. I took a deep, shaky breath. 0
(C) The only things giving off light were the moon and the stars. Mary took my hand in hers again. The next thing I knew was that we were dancing, staring into each other's eyes. I wished the night would last forever. 2
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ③
Mary held my hand and made me follow her.
(A) When Mary pulled off my blindfold, my jaw dropped and I gasped at the sight before me. We were on a hill. There were no city lights anywhere in sight. 1
(B) With my eyes blindfolded, I was wondering to what fantastic place she was taking me. She stopped me suddenly and played my all-time favorite song: When the Stars Go Blue. I took a deep, shaky breath. 0
(C) The only things giving off light were the moon and the stars. Mary took my hand in hers again. The next thing I knew was that we were dancing, staring into each other's eyes. I wished the night would last forever. 2
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ③
19103-20 ['The more', 'This'] 2
The human brain is wired to look for threats — a trait that kept us alive when we were living on the savannas but that can prevent happiness in our modern lives.
(A) Where the mind goes, reality follows. The more you appreciate life, the more reasons you have to celebrate it. 2
(B) This so-called "negativity bias" can keep you focused on what's going wrong (which explains why complaining is such a popular pastime). To break out of this neural rut, train yourself to acknowledge when things go right. 0
(C) If you keep a calendar or a journal, make a point to write down what went well. If you're more of a verbal processor, start your conversations with friends by sharing a recent win (anything that gives you that yesssss feeling). 1
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ④
The human brain is wired to look for threats — a trait that kept us alive when we were living on the savannas but that can prevent happiness in our modern lives.
(A) Where the mind goes, reality follows. The more you appreciate life, the more reasons you have to celebrate it. 2
(B) This so-called "negativity bias" can keep you focused on what's going wrong (which explains why complaining is such a popular pastime). To break out of this neural rut, train yourself to acknowledge when things go right. 0
(C) If you keep a calendar or a journal, make a point to write down what went well. If you're more of a verbal processor, start your conversations with friends by sharing a recent win (anything that gives you that yesssss feeling). 1
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ④
19103-21 ['They ', 'Their ', 'First,', 'Second,', 'also '] 5
Most people who try to slow down put the proverbial cart before the horse.
(A) Their habitual, hectic thinking won't allow them to adjust the superficial changes they make. Second, lifestyle changes alone rarely make a real difference. You can rearrange the externals of your life in a radically different way, but you always take your thinking with you. 1
(B) They make dramatic, often costly changes in their lifestyle, only to encounter two disappointing results. First, they don't enjoy the changes they make. People who are temperamentally used to a fast-paced life quickly discover that a slower-paced life in the country all but drives them crazy. 0
(C) If you are a hurried, rushed person in the city, you'll also be a hurried, rushed person in the country. To mend the problem, you should slow down your life from the inside out. 2
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ③
Most people who try to slow down put the proverbial cart before the horse.
(A) Their habitual, hectic thinking won't allow them to adjust the superficial changes they make. Second, lifestyle changes alone rarely make a real difference. You can rearrange the externals of your life in a radically different way, but you always take your thinking with you. 1
(B) They make dramatic, often costly changes in their lifestyle, only to encounter two disappointing results. First, they don't enjoy the changes they make. People who are temperamentally used to a fast-paced life quickly discover that a slower-paced life in the country all but drives them crazy. 0
(C) If you are a hurried, rushed person in the city, you'll also be a hurried, rushed person in the country. To mend the problem, you should slow down your life from the inside out. 2
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ③
19103-22 ['They ', 'But'] 2
We tend to think of technology as shiny tools and gadgets.
(A) They both can change our behavior, alter the course of events, or enable future inventions. A Shakespeare sonnet and a Schubert symphony, then, are in the same category as Google's search engine and the smartphone: They are something useful produced by a mind. We can't separate out the multiple overlapping technologies responsible for a Lord of the Rings movie. 1
(B) Even if we acknowledge that technology can exist in disembodied form, such as software, we tend not to include in this category paintings, literature, music, dance, poetry, and the arts in general. But we should. If a thousand lines of letters in UNIX qualifies as a technology (the computer code for a web page), then a thousand lines of letters in English (Hamlet) must qualify as well. 0
(C) The literary rendering of the original novel is as much an invention as the digital rendering of its fantastical creatures. Both are useful works of the human imagination. Both influence audiences powerfully. Both are technological. 2
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ③
We tend to think of technology as shiny tools and gadgets.
(A) They both can change our behavior, alter the course of events, or enable future inventions. A Shakespeare sonnet and a Schubert symphony, then, are in the same category as Google's search engine and the smartphone: They are something useful produced by a mind. We can't separate out the multiple overlapping technologies responsible for a Lord of the Rings movie. 1
(B) Even if we acknowledge that technology can exist in disembodied form, such as software, we tend not to include in this category paintings, literature, music, dance, poetry, and the arts in general. But we should. If a thousand lines of letters in UNIX qualifies as a technology (the computer code for a web page), then a thousand lines of letters in English (Hamlet) must qualify as well. 0
(C) The literary rendering of the original novel is as much an invention as the digital rendering of its fantastical creatures. Both are useful works of the human imagination. Both influence audiences powerfully. Both are technological. 2
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ③
19103-23 ['for example', 'But'] 2
Sometimes social learning is direct.
(A) Many studies of social learning in children focus on the fidelity with which information flows from one child to another in diffusion chains. But the most consequential cases of social learning in humans have not depended on pure demonstration or instruction. 1
(B) I want to know how to solve a problem with my computer, and the help-desk adviser tells me where to find the crucial command in the menu; I want to know how to operate my wireless speaker set, and my daughter shows me the right command. Most of the recent, expanding experimental literature focuses on such cases of pure instruction, or pure demonstration, for example, in testing the reliability of transmission chains under various conditions. 0
(C) Rather, most social learning is hybrid learning: agents acquire skills through socially guided trial and error and socially guided practice. Children do get advice, instruction, and other informational head starts from others, but they get this support while engaged in exploratory learning in their environment. 2
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ③
Sometimes social learning is direct.
(A) Many studies of social learning in children focus on the fidelity with which information flows from one child to another in diffusion chains. But the most consequential cases of social learning in humans have not depended on pure demonstration or instruction. 1
(B) I want to know how to solve a problem with my computer, and the help-desk adviser tells me where to find the crucial command in the menu; I want to know how to operate my wireless speaker set, and my daughter shows me the right command. Most of the recent, expanding experimental literature focuses on such cases of pure instruction, or pure demonstration, for example, in testing the reliability of transmission chains under various conditions. 0
(C) Rather, most social learning is hybrid learning: agents acquire skills through socially guided trial and error and socially guided practice. Children do get advice, instruction, and other informational head starts from others, but they get this support while engaged in exploratory learning in their environment. 2
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ③
19103-24 [] 0
I can report a number of occasions when my own dogs reacted in a marked, I would say enthusiastic, manner when I wore jingling jewelry that produced a regular rhythm as I walked, though admittedly they did not tap their feet.
(A) Although this is a mere anecdote, it suggests that it is wrong to claim that animals are incapable of responding to pronounced rhythms. The specific response of tapping one's foot or deliberately marking any external rhythm does seem to be a particularly human skill, but this need not be interpreted as the decisive capacity involved in musical response. 0
(B) Perhaps Aristotle observed similar reactions of dogs to musical instruments and rhythms. Apparently Darwin did. He reports observing a dog that was "always whining, when one note on a concertina, which was out of tune, was played." 2
(C) My dogs in fact responded to other musical features beside the regular jingling of my jewelry. The sound of a siren would set them to howling, as would the sound of my husband's saxophone. 1
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ②
I can report a number of occasions when my own dogs reacted in a marked, I would say enthusiastic, manner when I wore jingling jewelry that produced a regular rhythm as I walked, though admittedly they did not tap their feet.
(A) Although this is a mere anecdote, it suggests that it is wrong to claim that animals are incapable of responding to pronounced rhythms. The specific response of tapping one's foot or deliberately marking any external rhythm does seem to be a particularly human skill, but this need not be interpreted as the decisive capacity involved in musical response. 0
(B) Perhaps Aristotle observed similar reactions of dogs to musical instruments and rhythms. Apparently Darwin did. He reports observing a dog that was "always whining, when one note on a concertina, which was out of tune, was played." 2
(C) My dogs in fact responded to other musical features beside the regular jingling of my jewelry. The sound of a siren would set them to howling, as would the sound of my husband's saxophone. 1
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ②
19103-25 [] 0
The graph above shows the results of a 2018 survey on the attachment feelings of U.S. adults to their local community.
(A) In terms of those who felt very attached, the percentage of adults who had lived in their community for 6 to 10 years was less than twice that of those who had resided for less than 6 years. 2
(B) Identical percentages of adults living in suburban and in rural communities said they felt very attached to their local community. More than 40% of adults in each of the three types of community responded they felt somewhat attached to their local community. 0
(C) The percentage of adults who felt very attached to their local community increased as their age progressed. In the three groups ages 30 and over, more than 40% responded they felt somewhat attached to their local community, respectively. 1
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ④
The graph above shows the results of a 2018 survey on the attachment feelings of U.S. adults to their local community.
(A) In terms of those who felt very attached, the percentage of adults who had lived in their community for 6 to 10 years was less than twice that of those who had resided for less than 6 years. 2
(B) Identical percentages of adults living in suburban and in rural communities said they felt very attached to their local community. More than 40% of adults in each of the three types of community responded they felt somewhat attached to their local community. 0
(C) The percentage of adults who felt very attached to their local community increased as their age progressed. In the three groups ages 30 and over, more than 40% responded they felt somewhat attached to their local community, respectively. 1
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ④
19103-26 ['On ', 'This'] 2
Kurt Gödel, one of the most important logicians of the contemporary period, was born in what is today Brno, the Czech Republic.
(A) In 1940, under the threat of being drafted into the German army, Gödel left for the United States, where he accepted a position at the Institute for Advanced Study, in Princeton. He received the first Albert Einstein Award. In 1974 he was awarded the National Medal of Science. 2
(B) Gödel entered the University of Vienna, where he studied mathematics, physics, and philosophy. On completing his undergraduate degree he started graduate work in mathematics, earning his doctorate at age twenty-four. After the publication of the incompleteness theorem, he became an internationally known intellectual figure. 0
(C) He began giving mathematical lectures around the world starting in 1933. He gave his first lecture in the United States that year, where he first met Albert Einstein. This was the beginning of a close friendship that would last until Einstein's death in 1955. 1
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ④
Kurt Gödel, one of the most important logicians of the contemporary period, was born in what is today Brno, the Czech Republic.
(A) In 1940, under the threat of being drafted into the German army, Gödel left for the United States, where he accepted a position at the Institute for Advanced Study, in Princeton. He received the first Albert Einstein Award. In 1974 he was awarded the National Medal of Science. 2
(B) Gödel entered the University of Vienna, where he studied mathematics, physics, and philosophy. On completing his undergraduate degree he started graduate work in mathematics, earning his doctorate at age twenty-four. After the publication of the incompleteness theorem, he became an internationally known intellectual figure. 0
(C) He began giving mathematical lectures around the world starting in 1933. He gave his first lecture in the United States that year, where he first met Albert Einstein. This was the beginning of a close friendship that would last until Einstein's death in 1955. 1
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ④
19103-29 ['And'] 1
The modern adult human brain weighs only 1/50 of the total body weight but uses up to 1/5 of the total energy needs.
(A) The brain's running costs are about eight to ten times as high, per unit mass, as those of the body's muscles. And around 3/4 of that energy is expended on neurons, the specialized brain cells that communicate in vast networks to generate our thoughts and behaviours. 0
(B) Even though the brain is metabolically greedy, it still outclasses any desktop computer both in terms of the calculations it can perform and the efficiency at which it does this. We may have built computers that can beat our top Grand Master chess players, but we are still far away from designing one that is capable of recognizing and picking up one of the chess pieces as easily as a typical three-year-old child can. 2
(C) An individual neuron sending a signal in the brain uses as much energy as a leg muscle cell running a marathon. Of course, we use more energy overall when we are running, but we are not always on the move, whereas our brains never switch off. 1
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ②
The modern adult human brain weighs only 1/50 of the total body weight but uses up to 1/5 of the total energy needs.
(A) The brain's running costs are about eight to ten times as high, per unit mass, as those of the body's muscles. And around 3/4 of that energy is expended on neurons, the specialized brain cells that communicate in vast networks to generate our thoughts and behaviours. 0
(B) Even though the brain is metabolically greedy, it still outclasses any desktop computer both in terms of the calculations it can perform and the efficiency at which it does this. We may have built computers that can beat our top Grand Master chess players, but we are still far away from designing one that is capable of recognizing and picking up one of the chess pieces as easily as a typical three-year-old child can. 2
(C) An individual neuron sending a signal in the brain uses as much energy as a leg muscle cell running a marathon. Of course, we use more energy overall when we are running, but we are not always on the move, whereas our brains never switch off. 1
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ②
19103-30 ['for example', 'But', 'also ', 'Moreover', 'And', 'For example'] 6
Discovering how people are affected by jokes is often difficult.
(A) For example, people notoriously find terribly hateful jokes about themselves or their sex, nationalities, professions, etc unproblematic until their consciousness becomes raised. And the raising of consciousness is often followed by a period of hypersensitivity where people are hurt or offended even by tasteful, tactful jokes. 2
(B) People mask their reactions because of politeness or peer pressure. Moreover, people are sometimes unaware of how they, themselves, are affected. Denial, for example, may conceal from people how deeply wounded they are by certain jokes. 0
(C) Jokes can also be termites or time bombs, lingering unnoticed in a person's subconscious, gnawing on his or her self-esteem or exploding it at a later time. But even if one could accurately determine how people are affected, this would not be an accurate measure of hatefulness. People are often simply wrong about whether a joke is acceptable or hateful. 1
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ④
Discovering how people are affected by jokes is often difficult.
(A) For example, people notoriously find terribly hateful jokes about themselves or their sex, nationalities, professions, etc unproblematic until their consciousness becomes raised. And the raising of consciousness is often followed by a period of hypersensitivity where people are hurt or offended even by tasteful, tactful jokes. 2
(B) People mask their reactions because of politeness or peer pressure. Moreover, people are sometimes unaware of how they, themselves, are affected. Denial, for example, may conceal from people how deeply wounded they are by certain jokes. 0
(C) Jokes can also be termites or time bombs, lingering unnoticed in a person's subconscious, gnawing on his or her self-esteem or exploding it at a later time. But even if one could accurately determine how people are affected, this would not be an accurate measure of hatefulness. People are often simply wrong about whether a joke is acceptable or hateful. 1
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ④
19103-31 ['for example', 'Likewise', 'however', 'For example'] 4
The developmental control that children with certain serious medical problems can exert over their physical activity is relevant to device safety.
(A) Likewise, a 5-year-old and a 25-year-old who have had a cardiac pacemaker implanted may each know that they need to protect the device, but developmental differences in the understanding of risk and causation and in the control of impulses increase the probability of risky behavior by the child, for example, jumping off a porch. 2
(B) The adolescent can, however, be expected to have more awareness of and control over movements such as rolling over that might dislodge or otherwise impair the functioning of a medical device such as a breathing tube or feeding tube. 1
(C) For example, an infant in a crib and a cognitively intact 14-year-old confined to bed due to illness or injury may both be relatively inactive. 0
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ⑥
The developmental control that children with certain serious medical problems can exert over their physical activity is relevant to device safety.
(A) Likewise, a 5-year-old and a 25-year-old who have had a cardiac pacemaker implanted may each know that they need to protect the device, but developmental differences in the understanding of risk and causation and in the control of impulses increase the probability of risky behavior by the child, for example, jumping off a porch. 2
(B) The adolescent can, however, be expected to have more awareness of and control over movements such as rolling over that might dislodge or otherwise impair the functioning of a medical device such as a breathing tube or feeding tube. 1
(C) For example, an infant in a crib and a cognitively intact 14-year-old confined to bed due to illness or injury may both be relatively inactive. 0
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ⑥
19103-32 ['This', 'also '] 2
There's more to striving to be in the majority of one's group than merely acquiring power.
(A) We seek to belong to the majority of our group, even if our group is in the minority, not just because the majority holds the power, but because the privilege attached to being in the majority position is commonly viewed by others and by ourselves as deserved. We had it coming. 1
(B) We work to be in the majority of our groups not just because the majority controls material and psychological resources, but also because who we are is largely defined by those who claim us as their own. Drawing distinctions between who's in and who's out, between who's right and who's wrong, between privileged or disadvantaged — in short, between us and them — motivates us to be counted among those who do the counting. 0
(C) This perception contributes to our sense of worth, of who we are, and to others' assessments of our value as well. 2
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ③
There's more to striving to be in the majority of one's group than merely acquiring power.
(A) We seek to belong to the majority of our group, even if our group is in the minority, not just because the majority holds the power, but because the privilege attached to being in the majority position is commonly viewed by others and by ourselves as deserved. We had it coming. 1
(B) We work to be in the majority of our groups not just because the majority controls material and psychological resources, but also because who we are is largely defined by those who claim us as their own. Drawing distinctions between who's in and who's out, between who's right and who's wrong, between privileged or disadvantaged — in short, between us and them — motivates us to be counted among those who do the counting. 0
(C) This perception contributes to our sense of worth, of who we are, and to others' assessments of our value as well. 2
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ③
19103-33 ['When', 'This', 'It ', 'But', 'So\\b'] 5
Eating was the original science, the original study of the environment.
(A) Kids, just like primitive lifeforms, learn about reality by putting it in their mouths. This mouth knowledge knows no abstracts. The world is either sweet or bitter, smooth or prickly, pleasant or unpleasant. Mouth knowledge comes with gut-level certainty. 0
(B) So to eat is literally to know. But to know what? It is to know self from nonself. Mouth knowledge taught us the boundaries of our bodies. 1
(C) When, as babies, we sucked an object, such as a pacifier, we felt it only from one side, from the side of the mouth. When we sucked our thumbs, we felt them from the outside, through the mouth, and from the inside, through the feeling of the thumb being sucked on. This mouth knowledge ― unlike later school knowledge ― gave us a glimpse of our paradoxical nature: that somehow we are both the subject and the object of our own experience. 2
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ①
Eating was the original science, the original study of the environment.
(A) Kids, just like primitive lifeforms, learn about reality by putting it in their mouths. This mouth knowledge knows no abstracts. The world is either sweet or bitter, smooth or prickly, pleasant or unpleasant. Mouth knowledge comes with gut-level certainty. 0
(B) So to eat is literally to know. But to know what? It is to know self from nonself. Mouth knowledge taught us the boundaries of our bodies. 1
(C) When, as babies, we sucked an object, such as a pacifier, we felt it only from one side, from the side of the mouth. When we sucked our thumbs, we felt them from the outside, through the mouth, and from the inside, through the feeling of the thumb being sucked on. This mouth knowledge ― unlike later school knowledge ― gave us a glimpse of our paradoxical nature: that somehow we are both the subject and the object of our own experience. 2
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ①
19103-34 ['It ', 'But'] 2
Multiple and often conflicting notions of truth coexist in Internet situations, ranging from outright lying through mutually aware pretence to playful trickery.
(A) As Patricia Wallace puts it, 'The fact that it is so easy to lie and get away with it ― as long as we can live with our own deceptions and the harm they may cause others ― is a significant feature of the Internet. 0
(B) 'It is of course possible to live out a lie or fantasy logically and consistently, and it is on this principle that the games in virtual worlds operate and the nicknamed people in chatgroups interact. 1
(C) But it is by no means easy to maintain a consistent presence through language in a world where multiple interactions are taking place under pressure, where participants are often changing their names and identities, and where the cooperative principle can be arbitrarily abandoned. Putting this another way, when you see an Internet utterance, you often do not know how to take it, because you do not know what set of conversational principles it is obeying. 2
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ①
Multiple and often conflicting notions of truth coexist in Internet situations, ranging from outright lying through mutually aware pretence to playful trickery.
(A) As Patricia Wallace puts it, 'The fact that it is so easy to lie and get away with it ― as long as we can live with our own deceptions and the harm they may cause others ― is a significant feature of the Internet. 0
(B) 'It is of course possible to live out a lie or fantasy logically and consistently, and it is on this principle that the games in virtual worlds operate and the nicknamed people in chatgroups interact. 1
(C) But it is by no means easy to maintain a consistent presence through language in a world where multiple interactions are taking place under pressure, where participants are often changing their names and identities, and where the cooperative principle can be arbitrarily abandoned. Putting this another way, when you see an Internet utterance, you often do not know how to take it, because you do not know what set of conversational principles it is obeying. 2
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ①
19103-35 ['This', 'for example'] 2
Competition is basically concerned with how the availability of resources, such as the food and space utilised by various organisms, is reduced by other organisms.
(A) This has occurred in South Africa, for example, where introduced Australian shrubs have been and are degrading species-rich fynbos plant communities in the Southern Cape region. 2
(B) Alien plants compete with indigenous species for space, light, nutrients and water. The introduction of alien plants can result in the disruption and impoverishment of natural plant communities. 1
(C) Tourism and recreation can result in the transfer of plants and animals to locations where they do not normally occur. In these situations the 'alien' species are often at an advantage, because the new environment is usually devoid of any natural controls that the 'invader' would have evolved with in its original environment. 0
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ⑥
Competition is basically concerned with how the availability of resources, such as the food and space utilised by various organisms, is reduced by other organisms.
(A) This has occurred in South Africa, for example, where introduced Australian shrubs have been and are degrading species-rich fynbos plant communities in the Southern Cape region. 2
(B) Alien plants compete with indigenous species for space, light, nutrients and water. The introduction of alien plants can result in the disruption and impoverishment of natural plant communities. 1
(C) Tourism and recreation can result in the transfer of plants and animals to locations where they do not normally occur. In these situations the 'alien' species are often at an advantage, because the new environment is usually devoid of any natural controls that the 'invader' would have evolved with in its original environment. 0
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ⑥
19103-36 ['This', 'Another', 'For example'] 3
There are times when we hold contradictory views and we know it, at least at one of the deeper levels of consciousness.
(A) Another way I can allow myself to hold on to statements that contradict the facts is deliberately to refrain from examining the facts to which the statements refer. This attitude is expressed by the quip "Don't bother me with the facts; I've already made up my mind. "Mental operations of these kinds are not so much instances of reasoning as evasion of reasoning. 1
(B) Obviously, this can have nothing to do with logic. Those forms of unhealthy reasoning can be known as "rationalization. "Rationalization is reasoning in the service of falsehood. 2
(C) Most of us could not comfortably live with ourselves if we made a habit of holding flatly contradictory statements at the forefront of our consciousness. For example, I could not explicitly say to myself "I tell many deliberate lies to Stephanie" and "I never lie to Stephanie. "What I do, assuming the first statement reflects objective facts, is suppress the second statement. 0
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ⑤
There are times when we hold contradictory views and we know it, at least at one of the deeper levels of consciousness.
(A) Another way I can allow myself to hold on to statements that contradict the facts is deliberately to refrain from examining the facts to which the statements refer. This attitude is expressed by the quip "Don't bother me with the facts; I've already made up my mind. "Mental operations of these kinds are not so much instances of reasoning as evasion of reasoning. 1
(B) Obviously, this can have nothing to do with logic. Those forms of unhealthy reasoning can be known as "rationalization. "Rationalization is reasoning in the service of falsehood. 2
(C) Most of us could not comfortably live with ourselves if we made a habit of holding flatly contradictory statements at the forefront of our consciousness. For example, I could not explicitly say to myself "I tell many deliberate lies to Stephanie" and "I never lie to Stephanie. "What I do, assuming the first statement reflects objective facts, is suppress the second statement. 0
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ⑤
19103-37 ['The more', 'But', 'also ', 'therefore', 'For example'] 5
Centuries of technological advances have created possibilities where few or none existed before.
(A) At their most basic, technologies allow people, if sufficiently armed with capital, to partially overcome their local geography and make it productive. The more difficult that geography, the more expensive it is to make it useful, and the more expensive to keep it useful. 0
(B) Economic and social development, then, are about figuring out how to use technology and capital, to find out not only what is possible but also feasible. Economists call this opportunity costs. 1
(C) For example, you may be able to build a road to the top of the mountain to reach a remote chalet, build it strong enough to withstand spring floods, plow it to keep it open in the winter, and repair it and clear it of avalanche debris in the summer. But with those same resources you can build fifty times the length of road in flat lowlands and service several tens of thousands of people. Both tasks are possible, but only one is an efficient and productive use of resources and therefore the more feasible. 2
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ①
Centuries of technological advances have created possibilities where few or none existed before.
(A) At their most basic, technologies allow people, if sufficiently armed with capital, to partially overcome their local geography and make it productive. The more difficult that geography, the more expensive it is to make it useful, and the more expensive to keep it useful. 0
(B) Economic and social development, then, are about figuring out how to use technology and capital, to find out not only what is possible but also feasible. Economists call this opportunity costs. 1
(C) For example, you may be able to build a road to the top of the mountain to reach a remote chalet, build it strong enough to withstand spring floods, plow it to keep it open in the winter, and repair it and clear it of avalanche debris in the summer. But with those same resources you can build fifty times the length of road in flat lowlands and service several tens of thousands of people. Both tasks are possible, but only one is an efficient and productive use of resources and therefore the more feasible. 2
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ①
19103-38 ['It ', 'But', 'found that', 'Indeed'] 4
For decades, we have been measuring intelligence at the individual level, just as we have been measuring creativity, engagement, and grit.
(A) Just as we evaluate how successful an individual student will be at solving a problem, we are now able to predict how successful a group of people will be at solving a problem or problems. It would be easy to assume that if you put a group of high-IQ people together, naturally they would exhibit a high collective intelligence. 1
(B) But that's not what happens. Indeed, their research found that a team on which each person was merely average in their individual abilities but possessed a collective intelligence would continually exhibit higher success rates than a team of individual geniuses. 2
(C) But it turns out we were failing to measure something with far greater impact. As reported in the journal Science, researchers from MIT, Union College, and Carnegie Mellon have finally found a method for systematically measuring the intelligence of a group as opposed to an individual. 0
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ⑤
For decades, we have been measuring intelligence at the individual level, just as we have been measuring creativity, engagement, and grit.
(A) Just as we evaluate how successful an individual student will be at solving a problem, we are now able to predict how successful a group of people will be at solving a problem or problems. It would be easy to assume that if you put a group of high-IQ people together, naturally they would exhibit a high collective intelligence. 1
(B) But that's not what happens. Indeed, their research found that a team on which each person was merely average in their individual abilities but possessed a collective intelligence would continually exhibit higher success rates than a team of individual geniuses. 2
(C) But it turns out we were failing to measure something with far greater impact. As reported in the journal Science, researchers from MIT, Union College, and Carnegie Mellon have finally found a method for systematically measuring the intelligence of a group as opposed to an individual. 0
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ⑤
19103-39 ['It ', 'However', 'And'] 3
Biology is the smallest level at which we could explain creativity.
(A) And decades of study have found no evidence that creativity is localized to any specific brain region; in fact, all of the evidence suggests that creativity is a whole-brain function, drawing on many diverse areas of the brain in a complex systemic fashion. And there is no evidence of a link between mental illness and creativity. To explain creativity, we need to look to the higher levels of explanation offered by psychology, sociology, and history. 2
(B) It always makes scientific sense to start your study by attempting to explain something at the lowest possible level. However, at present the biological approach cannot explain creativity and all of the evidence suggests that creativity is not coded in our genes. 1
(C) Biology's units of analysis are genes, DNA, and specific regions of the human brain. In general, scientists agree that explanations at such lower levels of analysis are more general, more universal, more powerful, and have fewer exceptions than explanations at higher levels of analysis — like the explanations of psychology or sociology. 0
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ⑥
Biology is the smallest level at which we could explain creativity.
(A) And decades of study have found no evidence that creativity is localized to any specific brain region; in fact, all of the evidence suggests that creativity is a whole-brain function, drawing on many diverse areas of the brain in a complex systemic fashion. And there is no evidence of a link between mental illness and creativity. To explain creativity, we need to look to the higher levels of explanation offered by psychology, sociology, and history. 2
(B) It always makes scientific sense to start your study by attempting to explain something at the lowest possible level. However, at present the biological approach cannot explain creativity and all of the evidence suggests that creativity is not coded in our genes. 1
(C) Biology's units of analysis are genes, DNA, and specific regions of the human brain. In general, scientists agree that explanations at such lower levels of analysis are more general, more universal, more powerful, and have fewer exceptions than explanations at higher levels of analysis — like the explanations of psychology or sociology. 0
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ⑥
19103-40 ['They ', 'This'] 2
Color has not always been synonymous with truth and reality.
(A) Today most people prefer color pictures to black-and-white pictures. They assert that color photographs are more "real" than black-and-white photographs. This implies that people tend to conflate color photography and reality to an even greater extent than they do with black-and-white photographs. 1
(B) Many people have had the experience of someone pointing to an 8×10-inch color photograph and saying, "There's Mary. She sure looks good, doesn't she? "We know that it is not Mary, but such a typical response acts as a vivid reminder of how we expect photography to duplicate our reality for us. 2
(C) In the past, Plato and Aristotle both attacked the use of color in painting because they considered color to be an ornament that obstructed the truth. Even the word "color" contains a snub against it. The Latin colorem is related to celare, to hide or conceal; in Middle English to color is to adorn, to disguise, to render plausible, to misrepresent. 0
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ⑤
Color has not always been synonymous with truth and reality.
(A) Today most people prefer color pictures to black-and-white pictures. They assert that color photographs are more "real" than black-and-white photographs. This implies that people tend to conflate color photography and reality to an even greater extent than they do with black-and-white photographs. 1
(B) Many people have had the experience of someone pointing to an 8×10-inch color photograph and saying, "There's Mary. She sure looks good, doesn't she? "We know that it is not Mary, but such a typical response acts as a vivid reminder of how we expect photography to duplicate our reality for us. 2
(C) In the past, Plato and Aristotle both attacked the use of color in painting because they considered color to be an ornament that obstructed the truth. Even the word "color" contains a snub against it. The Latin colorem is related to celare, to hide or conceal; in Middle English to color is to adorn, to disguise, to render plausible, to misrepresent. 0
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ⑤
19103-4142 ['This', 'nevertheless', 'So\\b'] 3
The history of the twentieth century revolved to a large extent around the reduction of inequality between classes, races, and genders.
(A) Globalization has certainly benefited large segments of humanity, but there are signs of growing inequality both between and within societies. Some groups increasingly monopolize the fruits of globalization, while billions are left behind. Today, the richest 1 percent own half the world's wealth. This situation could get far worse. The rise of AI might eliminate the economic value and political power of most humans. 1
(B) At the same time, improvements in biotechnology might make it possible to translate economic inequality into biological inequality. The superrich will finally have something really worthwhile to do with their enormous wealth. While up until now they have only been able to buy little more than status symbols, soon they might be able to buy life itself. If new treatments for extending life and upgrading physical and cognitive abilities prove to be expensive, humankind might split into biological castes. 2
(C) Though the world of the year 2000 still had its share of hierarchies, it was nevertheless a far more equal place than the world of 1900. So people expected that the egalitarian process would continue and even accelerate. In particular, they hoped that globalization would spread economic prosperity throughout the world, and that as a result people in India and Egypt would come to enjoy the same opportunities and privileges as people in Finland and Canada. An entire generation grew up on this promise. Now it seems that this promise might not be fulfilled. 0
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ⑤
The history of the twentieth century revolved to a large extent around the reduction of inequality between classes, races, and genders.
(A) Globalization has certainly benefited large segments of humanity, but there are signs of growing inequality both between and within societies. Some groups increasingly monopolize the fruits of globalization, while billions are left behind. Today, the richest 1 percent own half the world's wealth. This situation could get far worse. The rise of AI might eliminate the economic value and political power of most humans. 1
(B) At the same time, improvements in biotechnology might make it possible to translate economic inequality into biological inequality. The superrich will finally have something really worthwhile to do with their enormous wealth. While up until now they have only been able to buy little more than status symbols, soon they might be able to buy life itself. If new treatments for extending life and upgrading physical and cognitive abilities prove to be expensive, humankind might split into biological castes. 2
(C) Though the world of the year 2000 still had its share of hierarchies, it was nevertheless a far more equal place than the world of 1900. So people expected that the egalitarian process would continue and even accelerate. In particular, they hoped that globalization would spread economic prosperity throughout the world, and that as a result people in India and Egypt would come to enjoy the same opportunities and privileges as people in Finland and Canada. An entire generation grew up on this promise. Now it seems that this promise might not be fulfilled. 0
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ⑤
19103-4345 ['however', 'was so'] 2
One day while Grace was in reading class, the teacher called on Billy to read a sentence from the board.
(A) "You made Billy feel bad by reading for him. After this, you are not to speak up, even if you do know the answer. "Grace nodded her head. She understood that if she knew something, she was to keep it to herself. After that incident, the teacher was invited to a church dinner which Grace's mom attended, too. While talking with her, the teacher happened to remark, "I know Grace is bright, but I'm worried these days. She doesn't recite or answer any question during class. I can't understand it. "Mom couldn't understand it either. She had heard Grace reading her book at home, and her brother drilled her on her sums until she knew them well. Mom approached the subject at suppertime, asking, "Grace, can you read your lessons? 1
(B) "Grace said, "Sure, Mom. I can read the whole book! "Mom was puzzled. "Then why," she asked, "does the teacher say you don't recite in school? "Grace was surprised. "Why, Mom," she answered, "you told me not to! "Mom exclaimed, "Why, Grace, I did no such thing! ""Yes, you did," Grace said. "You told me not to speak up, even when I knew the answer." Mom remembered. The matter was soon straightened out, and Grace recited again during class. 2
(C) He had been sick most of the winter and had missed a lot of school. Billy stood to read the sentence, but he didn't know all the words. Since she had been listening to the class, Grace read it for him. Billy sat down, red-faced and unhappy. Grace felt rather proud of herself for having known more than Billy did. Her pride didn't last long, however. Her brother, Justin, reported to Mom what had happened. He said, "Grace made Billy feel like a fool today. "Grace tossed her head defiantly. "Well, I did know the words, and Billy didn't," she said proudly. "Your brother is right, Grace," said Mom. 0
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ⑤
One day while Grace was in reading class, the teacher called on Billy to read a sentence from the board.
(A) "You made Billy feel bad by reading for him. After this, you are not to speak up, even if you do know the answer. "Grace nodded her head. She understood that if she knew something, she was to keep it to herself. After that incident, the teacher was invited to a church dinner which Grace's mom attended, too. While talking with her, the teacher happened to remark, "I know Grace is bright, but I'm worried these days. She doesn't recite or answer any question during class. I can't understand it. "Mom couldn't understand it either. She had heard Grace reading her book at home, and her brother drilled her on her sums until she knew them well. Mom approached the subject at suppertime, asking, "Grace, can you read your lessons? 1
(B) "Grace said, "Sure, Mom. I can read the whole book! "Mom was puzzled. "Then why," she asked, "does the teacher say you don't recite in school? "Grace was surprised. "Why, Mom," she answered, "you told me not to! "Mom exclaimed, "Why, Grace, I did no such thing! ""Yes, you did," Grace said. "You told me not to speak up, even when I knew the answer." Mom remembered. The matter was soon straightened out, and Grace recited again during class. 2
(C) He had been sick most of the winter and had missed a lot of school. Billy stood to read the sentence, but he didn't know all the words. Since she had been listening to the class, Grace read it for him. Billy sat down, red-faced and unhappy. Grace felt rather proud of herself for having known more than Billy did. Her pride didn't last long, however. Her brother, Justin, reported to Mom what had happened. He said, "Grace made Billy feel like a fool today. "Grace tossed her head defiantly. "Well, I did know the words, and Billy didn't," she said proudly. "Your brother is right, Grace," said Mom. 0
① [A, B, C] ② [A, C, B] ③ [B, A, C]
④ [B, C, A] ⑤ [C, A, B] ⑥ [C, B, A] ⑤
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2019년 10월 고3 영어 모의고사 어법변형문제
고등모의 [워크북]/고32019. 10. 20. 23:02
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THE BLUET 19103 | Since 2005 임희재 블루티쳐 | 01033383436 | wayne.tistory.com | wayne36@daum.net | 191020 22:48:31
잘못된 어법을 찾아 바르게 고치세요.
19103-18
We would like to thank you for your suggestion about switching to the new ABC software for maintaining the company's database system. This update will surely make our management system more efficient as well as more cost-effective in the long run. Your idea ① is currently reviewing by the board. In order to further discuss your idea, you are ② requiring to attend a meeting with the technical team at 2 p.m. on October 8th in Meeting Room A. After ③ assessed the feasibility of the proposal, we would like to proceed with the implementation without any delay. Thank you for your dedication.
We would like to thank you for your suggestion about switching to the new ABC software for maintaining the company's database system. This update will surely make our management system more efficient as well as more cost-effective in the long run. Your idea ① is currently reviewing by the board. In order to further discuss your idea, you are ② requiring to attend a meeting with the technical team at 2 p.m. on October 8th in Meeting Room A. After ③ assessed the feasibility of the proposal, we would like to proceed with the implementation without any delay. Thank you for your dedication.
19103-19
Mary held my hand and made me ① to follow her. With my eyes ② blindfolding, I was wondering to what ③ fantasticly place she was taking me. She stopped me suddenly and played my all-time favorite song: When the Stars Go Blue. I took a deep, shaky ④ breathe. When Mary pulled off my blindfold, my jaw dropped and I gasped at the sight before me. We were on a hill. There were no city lights anywhere in sight. The only things giving off light were the moon and the stars. Mary took my hand in hers again. The next thing I knew ⑤ to be that we were dancing, ⑥ stared into each other's eyes. I wished the night would last forever.
Mary held my hand and made me ① to follow her. With my eyes ② blindfolding, I was wondering to what ③ fantasticly place she was taking me. She stopped me suddenly and played my all-time favorite song: When the Stars Go Blue. I took a deep, shaky ④ breathe. When Mary pulled off my blindfold, my jaw dropped and I gasped at the sight before me. We were on a hill. There were no city lights anywhere in sight. The only things giving off light were the moon and the stars. Mary took my hand in hers again. The next thing I knew ⑤ to be that we were dancing, ⑥ stared into each other's eyes. I wished the night would last forever.
19103-20
The human brain is ① wiring to look for threats — a trait that kept us ② live when we were living on the savannas but that can prevent happiness in our modern lives. This so- ③ calling "negativity bias" can keep you ④ focusing on ⑤ how's going wrong (which explains why complaining is such a popular pastime). To break ⑥ of out this neural rut, ⑦ training yourself to acknowledge when things go right. If you keep a calendar or a journal, ⑧ making a point to write down what went well. If you're more of a verbal processor, ⑨ starting your conversations with friends by ⑩ shared a recent win (anything that gives you that yesssss feeling). Where the mind goes, reality follows. ⑪ more you appreciate life, ⑫ more the reasons you have to celebrate it.
The human brain is ① wiring to look for threats — a trait that kept us ② live when we were living on the savannas but that can prevent happiness in our modern lives. This so- ③ calling "negativity bias" can keep you ④ focusing on ⑤ how's going wrong (which explains why complaining is such a popular pastime). To break ⑥ of out this neural rut, ⑦ training yourself to acknowledge when things go right. If you keep a calendar or a journal, ⑧ making a point to write down what went well. If you're more of a verbal processor, ⑨ starting your conversations with friends by ⑩ shared a recent win (anything that gives you that yesssss feeling). Where the mind goes, reality follows. ⑪ more you appreciate life, ⑫ more the reasons you have to celebrate it.
19103-21
Most people who try to slow down put the proverbial cart before the horse. They make dramatic, often costly changes in their lifestyle , ① then to encounter two ② disappointed results. First, they don't enjoy the changes they make. People ③ where are temperamentally used to a ④ fast-pacing life quickly discover that a ⑤ slower-pacing life in the country all but ⑥ drive them crazy. Their habitual, hectic thinking won't allow them ⑦ adjusting the superficial changes they make. Second, lifestyle changes alone rarely make a ⑧ really difference. You can rearrange the externals of your life in a radically different way, but you always take your thinking with you. If you are a ⑨ hurrying, rushed person in the city, you'll also be a ⑩ hurrying, rushed person in the country. To mend the problem, you should slow down your life from the inside out.
Most people who try to slow down put the proverbial cart before the horse. They make dramatic, often costly changes in their lifestyle , ① then to encounter two ② disappointed results. First, they don't enjoy the changes they make. People ③ where are temperamentally used to a ④ fast-pacing life quickly discover that a ⑤ slower-pacing life in the country all but ⑥ drive them crazy. Their habitual, hectic thinking won't allow them ⑦ adjusting the superficial changes they make. Second, lifestyle changes alone rarely make a ⑧ really difference. You can rearrange the externals of your life in a radically different way, but you always take your thinking with you. If you are a ⑨ hurrying, rushed person in the city, you'll also be a ⑩ hurrying, rushed person in the country. To mend the problem, you should slow down your life from the inside out.
19103-22
We tend to think ① to technology as shiny tools and gadgets. Even if we acknowledge that technology can exist in ② disembodiing form, such as software, we tend ③ to not include in this category paintings, literature, music, dance, poetry, and the arts in general. But we should. If a thousand lines of letters in UNIX qualifies as a technology (the computer code for a web page), then a thousand lines of letters in English (Hamlet) must qualify as well. They both can change our behavior, ④ altering the course of events, or ⑤ enableing future inventions. A Shakespeare sonnet and a Schubert symphony, then , ⑥ is in the same category as Google's search engine and the smartphone: They are something useful produced by a mind. We can't separate out the multiple ⑦ overlapped technologies responsible ⑧ to a Lord of the Rings movie. The literary ⑨ rendered of the original novel is as much an invention as the digital ⑩ rendered of its fantastical creatures. Both are useful works of the human imagination. Both influence audiences powerfully. Both are technological.
We tend to think ① to technology as shiny tools and gadgets. Even if we acknowledge that technology can exist in ② disembodiing form, such as software, we tend ③ to not include in this category paintings, literature, music, dance, poetry, and the arts in general. But we should. If a thousand lines of letters in UNIX qualifies as a technology (the computer code for a web page), then a thousand lines of letters in English (Hamlet) must qualify as well. They both can change our behavior, ④ altering the course of events, or ⑤ enableing future inventions. A Shakespeare sonnet and a Schubert symphony, then , ⑥ is in the same category as Google's search engine and the smartphone: They are something useful produced by a mind. We can't separate out the multiple ⑦ overlapped technologies responsible ⑧ to a Lord of the Rings movie. The literary ⑨ rendered of the original novel is as much an invention as the digital ⑩ rendered of its fantastical creatures. Both are useful works of the human imagination. Both influence audiences powerfully. Both are technological.
THE BLUET 19103 | Since 2005 임희재 블루티쳐 | 01033383436 | wayne.tistory.com | wayne36@daum.net | 191020 22:48:31
잘못된 어법을 찾아 바르게 고치세요.
19103-23
Sometimes social learning is direct. I want to know how to solve a problem with my computer, and the help-desk adviser tells me where to find the crucial command in the menu; I want to know how to operate my wireless speaker set, and my daughter shows me the right command. Most of the recent, ① expanded experimental literature ② focuses such cases of pure instruction, or pure demonstration, for example, in testing the reliability of transmission chains under various conditions. Many studies of social learning in children ③ focus the fidelity ④ with them information ⑤ flows one child to another in diffusion chains. But the most consequential cases of social learning in humans ⑥ had not depended on pure demonstration or instruction. Rather, most social learning is hybrid learning: agents acquire skills through socially guided trial and error and socially guided practice. Children do get advice, instruction, and other informational head starts from others, but they get this support while ⑦ engaging in exploratory learning in their environment.
Sometimes social learning is direct. I want to know how to solve a problem with my computer, and the help-desk adviser tells me where to find the crucial command in the menu; I want to know how to operate my wireless speaker set, and my daughter shows me the right command. Most of the recent, ① expanded experimental literature ② focuses such cases of pure instruction, or pure demonstration, for example, in testing the reliability of transmission chains under various conditions. Many studies of social learning in children ③ focus the fidelity ④ with them information ⑤ flows one child to another in diffusion chains. But the most consequential cases of social learning in humans ⑥ had not depended on pure demonstration or instruction. Rather, most social learning is hybrid learning: agents acquire skills through socially guided trial and error and socially guided practice. Children do get advice, instruction, and other informational head starts from others, but they get this support while ⑦ engaging in exploratory learning in their environment.
19103-24
I can report a number of occasions when my own dogs reacted in a ① marking, I would say enthusiastic, manner when I wore jingling jewelry that produced a regular rhythm as I ② walking, though admittedly they did not tap their feet. Although this is a mere anecdote, ③ which suggests that it is wrong ④ claiming that animals are incapable ⑤ for responding to ⑥ pronouncing rhythms. The specific response of tapping one's foot or deliberately marking any external rhythm does seem to be a particularly human skill, but this need not be interpreted as the decisive capacity ⑦ involving in musical response. My dogs in fact responded to other musical features beside the regular ⑧ jingled of my jewelry. The sound of a siren would set them to ⑨ howl, as would the sound of my husband's saxophone. Perhaps Aristotle observed similar reactions of dogs to musical instruments and rhythms. Apparently Darwin ⑩ was. He reports observing a dog that was "always whining, when one note on a concertina , ⑪ it was ⑫ of out tune , ⑬ were played."
I can report a number of occasions when my own dogs reacted in a ① marking, I would say enthusiastic, manner when I wore jingling jewelry that produced a regular rhythm as I ② walking, though admittedly they did not tap their feet. Although this is a mere anecdote, ③ which suggests that it is wrong ④ claiming that animals are incapable ⑤ for responding to ⑥ pronouncing rhythms. The specific response of tapping one's foot or deliberately marking any external rhythm does seem to be a particularly human skill, but this need not be interpreted as the decisive capacity ⑦ involving in musical response. My dogs in fact responded to other musical features beside the regular ⑧ jingled of my jewelry. The sound of a siren would set them to ⑨ howl, as would the sound of my husband's saxophone. Perhaps Aristotle observed similar reactions of dogs to musical instruments and rhythms. Apparently Darwin ⑩ was. He reports observing a dog that was "always whining, when one note on a concertina , ⑪ it was ⑫ of out tune , ⑬ were played."
19103-25
The graph above shows the results of a 2018 survey on the attachment feelings of U.S. adults to their local community. Identical percentages of adults ① live in suburban and in rural communities said they felt very attached to their local community. More than 40 of adults in each of the three ② type of community responded they felt somewhat attached to their local community. The percentage of adults who felt very attached to their local community increased as their age ③ progressing. In the three groups ages 30 and ④ to, more than 40 responded they felt somewhat attached to their local community, respectively. In terms of those who felt very ⑤ attaching, the percentage of adults who ⑥ have lived in their community for 6 to 10 years was less than twice ⑦ those of those who had ⑧ resided less than 6 years.
The graph above shows the results of a 2018 survey on the attachment feelings of U.S. adults to their local community. Identical percentages of adults ① live in suburban and in rural communities said they felt very attached to their local community. More than 40 of adults in each of the three ② type of community responded they felt somewhat attached to their local community. The percentage of adults who felt very attached to their local community increased as their age ③ progressing. In the three groups ages 30 and ④ to, more than 40 responded they felt somewhat attached to their local community, respectively. In terms of those who felt very ⑤ attaching, the percentage of adults who ⑥ have lived in their community for 6 to 10 years was less than twice ⑦ those of those who had ⑧ resided less than 6 years.
19103-26
Kurt Gödel, one of the most important ① logician of the contemporary period , ② were born in ③ how ④ are today Brno, the Czech Republic. Gödel entered the University of Vienna , ⑤ there he studied mathematics, physics, and philosophy. On completing his undergraduate degree he started graduate work in mathematics, ⑥ earned his doctorate at age twenty-four. After the publication of the incompleteness theorem, he became an internationally known intellectual figure. He began giving mathematical lectures around the world ⑦ started in 1933. He gave his first lecture in the United States that year , ⑧ there he first met Albert Einstein. This was the beginning of a close friendship that would last until Einstein's death in 1955. In 1940, under the threat of ⑨ drafted into the German army, Gödel left for the United States , ⑩ there he accepted a position at the Institute for ⑪ Advancing Study, in Princeton. He received the first Albert Einstein Award. In 1974 he was awarded the National Medal of Science.
Kurt Gödel, one of the most important ① logician of the contemporary period , ② were born in ③ how ④ are today Brno, the Czech Republic. Gödel entered the University of Vienna , ⑤ there he studied mathematics, physics, and philosophy. On completing his undergraduate degree he started graduate work in mathematics, ⑥ earned his doctorate at age twenty-four. After the publication of the incompleteness theorem, he became an internationally known intellectual figure. He began giving mathematical lectures around the world ⑦ started in 1933. He gave his first lecture in the United States that year , ⑧ there he first met Albert Einstein. This was the beginning of a close friendship that would last until Einstein's death in 1955. In 1940, under the threat of ⑨ drafted into the German army, Gödel left for the United States , ⑩ there he accepted a position at the Institute for ⑪ Advancing Study, in Princeton. He received the first Albert Einstein Award. In 1974 he was awarded the National Medal of Science.
19103-29
The modern adult human brain weighs only 1/50 of the total body weight but ① use ② to up 1/5 of the total energy needs. The brain's running costs are about eight to ten times as high, per unite mass, as ③ that of the body's muscles. And around 3/4 of that energy is expended on neurons, the ④ specializing brain cells that communicate in vast networks to generate our thoughts and behaviours. An individual neuron sending a signal in the brain uses as much energy as a leg muscle cell running a marathon. Of course, we use more energy overall when we are running, but we are not always on the move, whereas our brains never switch ⑤ off it. Even though the brain is metabolically greedy, ⑥ which still outclasses any desktop computer both in terms of the calculations it can perform and the efficiency ⑦ at them it does this. We may ⑧ had built computers that can beat our top Grand Master chess players, but we are still far ⑨ from away designing one that is capable ⑩ for recognizing and picking up one of the ⑪ ches pieces as ⑫ easi as a typical three-year-old child can.
The modern adult human brain weighs only 1/50 of the total body weight but ① use ② to up 1/5 of the total energy needs. The brain's running costs are about eight to ten times as high, per unite mass, as ③ that of the body's muscles. And around 3/4 of that energy is expended on neurons, the ④ specializing brain cells that communicate in vast networks to generate our thoughts and behaviours. An individual neuron sending a signal in the brain uses as much energy as a leg muscle cell running a marathon. Of course, we use more energy overall when we are running, but we are not always on the move, whereas our brains never switch ⑤ off it. Even though the brain is metabolically greedy, ⑥ which still outclasses any desktop computer both in terms of the calculations it can perform and the efficiency ⑦ at them it does this. We may ⑧ had built computers that can beat our top Grand Master chess players, but we are still far ⑨ from away designing one that is capable ⑩ for recognizing and picking up one of the ⑪ ches pieces as ⑫ easi as a typical three-year-old child can.
THE BLUET 19103 | Since 2005 임희재 블루티쳐 | 01033383436 | wayne.tistory.com | wayne36@daum.net | 191020 22:48:31
잘못된 어법을 찾아 바르게 고치세요.
19103-30
Discovering how people are affected by jokes ① are often difficult. People mask their reactions ② because politeness or peer pressure. Moreover, people are sometimes unaware of how they, ③ them , ④ is affected. Denial, for example, may conceal from people how deeply wounded they are by certain jokes. Jokes can also be termites or time bombs, lingering unnoticed in a person's subconscious, ⑤ gnawed on his or her self-esteem or exploding it at a ⑥ latter time. But even if one ⑦ will accurately determine how people are ⑧ affecting, this would not be an accurate measure of hatefulness. People are often simply wrong about whether a joke is acceptable or hateful. For example, people notoriously find terribly ⑨ hatefully jokes about ⑩ them or their sex, nationalities, professions, etc unproblematic until their consciousness becomes ⑪ raising. And the raising of consciousness is often followed by a period of hypersensitivity where ⑫ are people hurt or ⑬ offending even by tasteful, tactful jokes.
Discovering how people are affected by jokes ① are often difficult. People mask their reactions ② because politeness or peer pressure. Moreover, people are sometimes unaware of how they, ③ them , ④ is affected. Denial, for example, may conceal from people how deeply wounded they are by certain jokes. Jokes can also be termites or time bombs, lingering unnoticed in a person's subconscious, ⑤ gnawed on his or her self-esteem or exploding it at a ⑥ latter time. But even if one ⑦ will accurately determine how people are ⑧ affecting, this would not be an accurate measure of hatefulness. People are often simply wrong about whether a joke is acceptable or hateful. For example, people notoriously find terribly ⑨ hatefully jokes about ⑩ them or their sex, nationalities, professions, etc unproblematic until their consciousness becomes ⑪ raising. And the raising of consciousness is often followed by a period of hypersensitivity where ⑫ are people hurt or ⑬ offending even by tasteful, tactful jokes.
19103-31
The developmental control ① what children with certain serious medical problems can exert over their physical activity is relevant to device safety. For example, an infant in a crib and a cognitively intact 14-year-old confined to bed ② due illness or injury may both be relatively inactive. The adolescent can, however , ③ being expected to have more awareness of and control over movements ④ so as rolling over that might dislodge or otherwise impair the functioning of a medical device such as a breathing tube or feing tube. Likewise, a 5-year-old and a 25-year-old who ⑤ had had a cardiac pacemaker implanted may each know that they need to protect the device, but developmental differences in the understanding of risk and causation and in the control of impulses increase the probability of risky behavior by the child, for example, ⑥ jumped off a porch.
The developmental control ① what children with certain serious medical problems can exert over their physical activity is relevant to device safety. For example, an infant in a crib and a cognitively intact 14-year-old confined to bed ② due illness or injury may both be relatively inactive. The adolescent can, however , ③ being expected to have more awareness of and control over movements ④ so as rolling over that might dislodge or otherwise impair the functioning of a medical device such as a breathing tube or feing tube. Likewise, a 5-year-old and a 25-year-old who ⑤ had had a cardiac pacemaker implanted may each know that they need to protect the device, but developmental differences in the understanding of risk and causation and in the control of impulses increase the probability of risky behavior by the child, for example, ⑥ jumped off a porch.
19103-32
There's more to ① striv to be in the majority of one's group than merely acquiring power. We work to be in the majority of our groups not just because the majority controls material and psychological resources, but also because who we are is largely defined by those who claim us as their own. Drawing distinctions between who's in and who's out, between who's right and who's wrong, between privileged or ② disadvantaging — in short, between us and them — motivates us ③ being counted among those who do the ④ counted. We seek to ⑤ belong the majority of our group, even if our group is in the minority, not just because the majority holds the power, but because the privilege attached to ⑥ be in the majority position is commonly viewed by others and by ourselves as ⑦ deserving. We had it ⑧ comed. This perception ⑨ contributes our sense of worth, of ⑩ what we ⑪ do, and ⑫ X others' assessments of our value as well.
There's more to ① striv to be in the majority of one's group than merely acquiring power. We work to be in the majority of our groups not just because the majority controls material and psychological resources, but also because who we are is largely defined by those who claim us as their own. Drawing distinctions between who's in and who's out, between who's right and who's wrong, between privileged or ② disadvantaging — in short, between us and them — motivates us ③ being counted among those who do the ④ counted. We seek to ⑤ belong the majority of our group, even if our group is in the minority, not just because the majority holds the power, but because the privilege attached to ⑥ be in the majority position is commonly viewed by others and by ourselves as ⑦ deserving. We had it ⑧ comed. This perception ⑨ contributes our sense of worth, of ⑩ what we ⑪ do, and ⑫ X others' assessments of our value as well.
19103-33
① Eat was the original science, the original study of the environment. Kids, just like primitive lifeforms, learn about reality by putting it in their mouths. This mouth knowledge knows no abstracts. The world is either sweet ② nor bitter, smooth or prickly, pleasant or unpleasant. Mouth knowledge comes with gut-level certainty. So to eat is literally to know. But to know what? It is to know self from nonself. Mouth knowledge taught us the boundaries of our bodies. ③ X, as babies, we sucked an object, such as a pacifier, we felt it only from one side, from the side of the mouth. When we sucked our thumbs, we felt them from the ④ to, through the mouth, and from the ⑤ to, through the feeling of the thumb ⑥ been sucked ⑦ on it. This mouth knowledge ― unlike ⑧ latter school knowledge ― gave us a glimpse of our paradoxical nature: that somehow we are both the subject and the object of our own experience.
① Eat was the original science, the original study of the environment. Kids, just like primitive lifeforms, learn about reality by putting it in their mouths. This mouth knowledge knows no abstracts. The world is either sweet ② nor bitter, smooth or prickly, pleasant or unpleasant. Mouth knowledge comes with gut-level certainty. So to eat is literally to know. But to know what? It is to know self from nonself. Mouth knowledge taught us the boundaries of our bodies. ③ X, as babies, we sucked an object, such as a pacifier, we felt it only from one side, from the side of the mouth. When we sucked our thumbs, we felt them from the ④ to, through the mouth, and from the ⑤ to, through the feeling of the thumb ⑥ been sucked ⑦ on it. This mouth knowledge ― unlike ⑧ latter school knowledge ― gave us a glimpse of our paradoxical nature: that somehow we are both the subject and the object of our own experience.
19103-34
Multiple and often conflicting notions of truth coexist in Internet situations, ① ranging outright lying through mutually aware pretence to playful trickery. As Patricia Wallace puts it, 'The fact ② which it is so easy ③ lieing and get ④ with away it ― as long ⑤ so we can live with our own deceptions and the harm they may cause others ― is a significant feature of the Internet. 'It ⑥ is course possible to live out a lie or fantasy logically and consistently, and it is on this principle that the games in virtual worlds operate and the ⑦ nicknaming people in chatgroups interact. But it is by no means easy ⑧ maintaining a consistent presence through language in a world where ⑨ are multiple interactions taking place under pressure, where ⑩ are participants often changing their names and identities, and where the cooperative principle can be ⑪ arbitrari abandoned. ⑫ Put this another way, when you see an Internet utterance, you often do not know how to take it, because you do not know what set of conversational principles it is ⑬ obeyed.
Multiple and often conflicting notions of truth coexist in Internet situations, ① ranging outright lying through mutually aware pretence to playful trickery. As Patricia Wallace puts it, 'The fact ② which it is so easy ③ lieing and get ④ with away it ― as long ⑤ so we can live with our own deceptions and the harm they may cause others ― is a significant feature of the Internet. 'It ⑥ is course possible to live out a lie or fantasy logically and consistently, and it is on this principle that the games in virtual worlds operate and the ⑦ nicknaming people in chatgroups interact. But it is by no means easy ⑧ maintaining a consistent presence through language in a world where ⑨ are multiple interactions taking place under pressure, where ⑩ are participants often changing their names and identities, and where the cooperative principle can be ⑪ arbitrari abandoned. ⑫ Put this another way, when you see an Internet utterance, you often do not know how to take it, because you do not know what set of conversational principles it is ⑬ obeyed.
THE BLUET 19103 | Since 2005 임희재 블루티쳐 | 01033383436 | wayne.tistory.com | wayne36@daum.net | 191020 22:48:31
잘못된 어법을 찾아 바르게 고치세요.
19103-35
Competition is basically concerned with how the availability of resources, such as the food and space utilised by various organisms , ① are reduced by other organisms. Tourism and recreation can ② result the transfer of plants and animals to locations where they do not normally occur. In these situations the 'alien' species are often at an advantage, because the new environment is usually devoid of any natural controls that the 'invader' would have ③ evolved in its original environment. Alien plants compete with indigenous species for space, light, nutrients and water. The introduction of alien plants can ④ result the disruption and impoverishment of natural plant communities. This has ⑤ occurred South Africa, for example , ⑥ there introduced Australian shrubs have been and ⑦ is degrading species-rich fynbos plant communities in the Southern Cape region.
Competition is basically concerned with how the availability of resources, such as the food and space utilised by various organisms , ① are reduced by other organisms. Tourism and recreation can ② result the transfer of plants and animals to locations where they do not normally occur. In these situations the 'alien' species are often at an advantage, because the new environment is usually devoid of any natural controls that the 'invader' would have ③ evolved in its original environment. Alien plants compete with indigenous species for space, light, nutrients and water. The introduction of alien plants can ④ result the disruption and impoverishment of natural plant communities. This has ⑤ occurred South Africa, for example , ⑥ there introduced Australian shrubs have been and ⑦ is degrading species-rich fynbos plant communities in the Southern Cape region.
19103-36
There are times when we hold contradictory views and we know it, at least at one of the deeper ① level of consciousness. Most of us could not comfortably live with ourselves if we made a habit of holding flatly contradictory statements at the forefront of our consciousness. For example, I could not explicitly say to ② me "I tell many deliberate lies to Stephanie" and "I never lie to Stephanie. " ③ How I ④ be, assuming the first statement reflects objective facts , ⑤ are suppress the second statement. Another way I can allow ⑥ me ⑦ holding on to statements that contradict the facts is deliberately to refrain from examining the facts ⑧ to them the statements refer. This attitude is expressed by the quip "Don't bother me with the facts; I've already made up my mind. "Mental operations of these kinds are not so much instances of reasoning as evasion of ⑨ reasoned. Obviously, this can have nothing to do with logic. Those forms of unhealthy reasoning can be known ⑩ to "rationalization. "Rationalization is reasoning in the service of falsehood.
There are times when we hold contradictory views and we know it, at least at one of the deeper ① level of consciousness. Most of us could not comfortably live with ourselves if we made a habit of holding flatly contradictory statements at the forefront of our consciousness. For example, I could not explicitly say to ② me "I tell many deliberate lies to Stephanie" and "I never lie to Stephanie. " ③ How I ④ be, assuming the first statement reflects objective facts , ⑤ are suppress the second statement. Another way I can allow ⑥ me ⑦ holding on to statements that contradict the facts is deliberately to refrain from examining the facts ⑧ to them the statements refer. This attitude is expressed by the quip "Don't bother me with the facts; I've already made up my mind. "Mental operations of these kinds are not so much instances of reasoning as evasion of ⑨ reasoned. Obviously, this can have nothing to do with logic. Those forms of unhealthy reasoning can be known ⑩ to "rationalization. "Rationalization is reasoning in the service of falsehood.
19103-37
Centuries of technological advances ① had created possibilities where few or none existed ② before it. At their most basic, technologies allow people, if sufficiently armed with capital, ③ partially overcome their local geography and make it ④ productively. ⑤ 더비x3 ⑥ there more difficult that geography, the more expensive it is to make it ⑦ usefully, and the more expensive to keep it ⑧ usefully. Economic and social development, then , ⑨ is about figuring out how to use technology and capital, ⑩ find out not only what is possible ⑪ so also feasible. Economists call this opportunity costs. For example, you may be able to build a road to the top of the mountain to reach ⑫ to a remote chalet, ⑬ building it strong enough to withstand spring floods, plow it to keep it ⑭ openly in the winter, and ⑮ repairing it and ⑯ clearing it of avalanche debris in the summer. But with those same resources you can build fifty times the length of road in flat lowlands and service several tens of thousands of people. Both tasks are possible, but only one is an efficient and productive use of resources and therefore the more feasible.
Centuries of technological advances ① had created possibilities where few or none existed ② before it. At their most basic, technologies allow people, if sufficiently armed with capital, ③ partially overcome their local geography and make it ④ productively. ⑤ 더비x3 ⑥ there more difficult that geography, the more expensive it is to make it ⑦ usefully, and the more expensive to keep it ⑧ usefully. Economic and social development, then , ⑨ is about figuring out how to use technology and capital, ⑩ find out not only what is possible ⑪ so also feasible. Economists call this opportunity costs. For example, you may be able to build a road to the top of the mountain to reach ⑫ to a remote chalet, ⑬ building it strong enough to withstand spring floods, plow it to keep it ⑭ openly in the winter, and ⑮ repairing it and ⑯ clearing it of avalanche debris in the summer. But with those same resources you can build fifty times the length of road in flat lowlands and service several tens of thousands of people. Both tasks are possible, but only one is an efficient and productive use of resources and therefore the more feasible.
19103-38
For decades, we ① have been measured intelligence at the individual level, just as we ② have been measured creativity, engagement, and grit. But it turns out we were failing to measure something with far greater impact. As reported in the journal Science, researchers from MIT, Union College, and Carnegie Mellon ③ had finally found a method for systematically ④ measured the intelligence of a group as ⑤ opposing to an individual. Just as we evaluate how ⑥ successfully an individual student will be at solving a problem, we are now able to predict how ⑦ successfully a group of people will be at solving a problem or problems. It would be easy to assume that if you put a group of high-IQ people together, naturally they ⑧ will exhibit a ⑨ highly collective intelligence. But that's not what happens. Indeed, their research found that a team ⑩ on them each person was merely average in their individual abilities but ⑪ possessing a collective intelligence would continually exhibit higher success rates than a team of individual geniuses.
For decades, we ① have been measured intelligence at the individual level, just as we ② have been measured creativity, engagement, and grit. But it turns out we were failing to measure something with far greater impact. As reported in the journal Science, researchers from MIT, Union College, and Carnegie Mellon ③ had finally found a method for systematically ④ measured the intelligence of a group as ⑤ opposing to an individual. Just as we evaluate how ⑥ successfully an individual student will be at solving a problem, we are now able to predict how ⑦ successfully a group of people will be at solving a problem or problems. It would be easy to assume that if you put a group of high-IQ people together, naturally they ⑧ will exhibit a ⑨ highly collective intelligence. But that's not what happens. Indeed, their research found that a team ⑩ on them each person was merely average in their individual abilities but ⑪ possessing a collective intelligence would continually exhibit higher success rates than a team of individual geniuses.
19103-39
Biology is the smallest level ① at them we could explain creativity. Biology's units of analysis are genes, DNA, and specific regions of the human brain. In general, scientists agree that explanations at such lower levels of analysis are more general, more universal, more powerful, and have ② lesser exceptions than explanations at higher levels of analysis — like the explanations of psychology or sociology. It always makes scientific sense to start your study by attempting to explain something at the lowest possible level. However, at present the biological approach cannot explain creativity and all of the evidence suggests that creativity is not coded in our genes. And decades of study ③ had found no evidence ④ which creativity is localized to any specific brain region; in fact, all of the evidence suggests that creativity is a whole-brain function, drawing on many diverse areas of the brain in a complex systemic fashion. And there is no evidence of a link between mental illness and creativity. ⑤ explaining creativity, we need to look to the higher levels of explanation offered by psychology, sociology, and history.
Biology is the smallest level ① at them we could explain creativity. Biology's units of analysis are genes, DNA, and specific regions of the human brain. In general, scientists agree that explanations at such lower levels of analysis are more general, more universal, more powerful, and have ② lesser exceptions than explanations at higher levels of analysis — like the explanations of psychology or sociology. It always makes scientific sense to start your study by attempting to explain something at the lowest possible level. However, at present the biological approach cannot explain creativity and all of the evidence suggests that creativity is not coded in our genes. And decades of study ③ had found no evidence ④ which creativity is localized to any specific brain region; in fact, all of the evidence suggests that creativity is a whole-brain function, drawing on many diverse areas of the brain in a complex systemic fashion. And there is no evidence of a link between mental illness and creativity. ⑤ explaining creativity, we need to look to the higher levels of explanation offered by psychology, sociology, and history.
THE BLUET 19103 | Since 2005 임희재 블루티쳐 | 01033383436 | wayne.tistory.com | wayne36@daum.net | 191020 22:48:31
잘못된 어법을 찾아 바르게 고치세요.
19103-40
Color has not always been synonymous with truth and reality. In the past, Plato and Aristotle both attacked the use of color in painting because they considered color to be an ornament that obstructed the truth. Even the word "color" contains a snub against it. The Latin colorem is related to celare, to hide or ① concealing; in Middle English to color is to adorn, to disguise, to render plausible, ② misrepresent. Today most people prefer color pictures to black-and-white pictures. They assert that color photographs are more "real" than black-and-white photographs. This implies that people tend to conflate color photography and reality to an even greater extent than they do with black-and-white photographs. Many people ③ had had the experience of someone pointing to an 8×10-inch color photograph and saying, "There's Mary. She sure looks good, doesn't she? "We know that it is not Mary, but such a typical response acts as a vivid reminder ④ for how we expect photography to duplicate our reality for us.
Color has not always been synonymous with truth and reality. In the past, Plato and Aristotle both attacked the use of color in painting because they considered color to be an ornament that obstructed the truth. Even the word "color" contains a snub against it. The Latin colorem is related to celare, to hide or ① concealing; in Middle English to color is to adorn, to disguise, to render plausible, ② misrepresent. Today most people prefer color pictures to black-and-white pictures. They assert that color photographs are more "real" than black-and-white photographs. This implies that people tend to conflate color photography and reality to an even greater extent than they do with black-and-white photographs. Many people ③ had had the experience of someone pointing to an 8×10-inch color photograph and saying, "There's Mary. She sure looks good, doesn't she? "We know that it is not Mary, but such a typical response acts as a vivid reminder ④ for how we expect photography to duplicate our reality for us.
19103-4142
The history of the twentieth century revolved to a large ① extend around the reduction of inequality between classes, races, and genders. Though the world of the year 2000 still had its share of hierarchies, ② which was nevertheless a far more equal place than the world of 1900. So people expected that the egalitarian process would continue and even accelerate. In particular, they hoped that globalization would spread economic prosperity throughout the world, and that as a result people in India and Egypt would come to enjoy the same opportunities and privileges as people in Finland and Canada. An entire generation grew ③ on up this promise. Now it seems that this promise might not be ④ fulfilling. Globalization ⑤ had certainly benefited large segments of humanity, but there are signs of growing inequality both between and within societies. Some groups increasingly monopolize the fruits of globalization, while billions are left ⑥ behind it. Today, the richest 1 percent own half the world's wealth. This situation could get far worse. The rise of AI might eliminate the economic value and political power of most humans. At the same time, improvements in biotechnology might make it ⑦ possibly to translate economic inequality into biological inequality. The superrich will finally have something really worthwhile to do with their enormous wealth. While up until now they have only been able to buy little more than status symbols, soon they might be able to buy life ⑧ it. If new treatments for extending life and upgrading physical and cognitive abilities prove to be expensive, humankind ⑨ will split into biological castes.
The history of the twentieth century revolved to a large ① extend around the reduction of inequality between classes, races, and genders. Though the world of the year 2000 still had its share of hierarchies, ② which was nevertheless a far more equal place than the world of 1900. So people expected that the egalitarian process would continue and even accelerate. In particular, they hoped that globalization would spread economic prosperity throughout the world, and that as a result people in India and Egypt would come to enjoy the same opportunities and privileges as people in Finland and Canada. An entire generation grew ③ on up this promise. Now it seems that this promise might not be ④ fulfilling. Globalization ⑤ had certainly benefited large segments of humanity, but there are signs of growing inequality both between and within societies. Some groups increasingly monopolize the fruits of globalization, while billions are left ⑥ behind it. Today, the richest 1 percent own half the world's wealth. This situation could get far worse. The rise of AI might eliminate the economic value and political power of most humans. At the same time, improvements in biotechnology might make it ⑦ possibly to translate economic inequality into biological inequality. The superrich will finally have something really worthwhile to do with their enormous wealth. While up until now they have only been able to buy little more than status symbols, soon they might be able to buy life ⑧ it. If new treatments for extending life and upgrading physical and cognitive abilities prove to be expensive, humankind ⑨ will split into biological castes.
19103-4345
One day while Grace was in reading class, the teacher ① calling on Billy to read a sentence from the board. He had been sick most of the winter and ② having missed a lot of school. Billy stood to read the sentence, but he didn't know all the words. Since she ③ had been listened to the class, Grace read it for him. Billy sat down, ④ red-facing and unhappy. Grace felt rather proud of ⑤ her for ⑥ being known more than Billy ⑦ was. Her pride didn't last long, however. Her brother, Justin, reported to Mom what had ⑧ happening. He said, "Grace made Billy ⑨ to feel like a fool today. "Grace tossed her head defiantly. "Well, I did know the words, and Billy didn't," she said proudly. "Your brother is right, Grace," said Mom. "You made Billy ⑩ to feel ⑪ badly by reading for him. After this, you are not to speak up, even if you do know the answer. "Grace nodded her head. She understood ⑫ if she knew something, she was to keep it to ⑬ her. After that incident, the teacher was invited to a church dinner which Grace's mom ⑭ attending, too. While ⑮ talked with her, the teacher happened to remark, "I know Grace is bright, but I'm worried these days. She doesn't recite or answer any question during class. I can't understand it. "Mom couldn't understand it either. She ⑯ have heard Grace reading her book at home, and her brother drilled her on her sums until she knew them well. Mom approached the subject at suppertime, ⑰ asked, "Grace, can you read your lessons? "Grace said, "Sure, Mom. I can read the whole book! "Mom was ⑱ puzzling. "Then why," she ⑲ asking, "does the teacher say you don't recite in school? "Grace was ⑳ surprising. "Why, Mom," she ㉑ answering, "you told me ㉒ to not! " Mom ㉓ exclaiming, "Why, Grace, I did no such thing! ""Yes, you ㉔ was," Grace said. "You told me ㉕ to not speak up, even when I knew the answer." Mom ㉖ remembering. The matter was soon straightened out, and Grace recited again during class.
One day while Grace was in reading class, the teacher ① calling on Billy to read a sentence from the board. He had been sick most of the winter and ② having missed a lot of school. Billy stood to read the sentence, but he didn't know all the words. Since she ③ had been listened to the class, Grace read it for him. Billy sat down, ④ red-facing and unhappy. Grace felt rather proud of ⑤ her for ⑥ being known more than Billy ⑦ was. Her pride didn't last long, however. Her brother, Justin, reported to Mom what had ⑧ happening. He said, "Grace made Billy ⑨ to feel like a fool today. "Grace tossed her head defiantly. "Well, I did know the words, and Billy didn't," she said proudly. "Your brother is right, Grace," said Mom. "You made Billy ⑩ to feel ⑪ badly by reading for him. After this, you are not to speak up, even if you do know the answer. "Grace nodded her head. She understood ⑫ if she knew something, she was to keep it to ⑬ her. After that incident, the teacher was invited to a church dinner which Grace's mom ⑭ attending, too. While ⑮ talked with her, the teacher happened to remark, "I know Grace is bright, but I'm worried these days. She doesn't recite or answer any question during class. I can't understand it. "Mom couldn't understand it either. She ⑯ have heard Grace reading her book at home, and her brother drilled her on her sums until she knew them well. Mom approached the subject at suppertime, ⑰ asked, "Grace, can you read your lessons? "Grace said, "Sure, Mom. I can read the whole book! "Mom was ⑱ puzzling. "Then why," she ⑲ asking, "does the teacher say you don't recite in school? "Grace was ⑳ surprising. "Why, Mom," she ㉑ answering, "you told me ㉒ to not! " Mom ㉓ exclaiming, "Why, Grace, I did no such thing! ""Yes, you ㉔ was," Grace said. "You told me ㉕ to not speak up, even when I knew the answer." Mom ㉖ remembering. The matter was soon straightened out, and Grace recited again during class.
THE BLUET 19103 | Since 2005 임희재 블루티쳐 | 01033383436 | wayne.tistory.com | wayne36@daum.net | 191020 22:48:31
잘못된 어법을 찾아 바르게 고치세요.
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