2018 09 고1 모의고사 본문 한줄해석
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1809h1s.pdf What is the topic sentence? 🚖
This is a reply to your inquiry about the shipment status of the desk you purchased at our store on September 26.
Unfortunately, the delivery of your desk will take longer than expected due to the damage that occurred during the shipment from the furniture manufacturer to our warehouse.
We have ordered an exact replacement from the manufacturer, and we expect that delivery will take place within two weeks.
As soon as the desk arrives, we will telephone you immediately and arrange a convenient delivery time.
We regret the inconvenience this delay has caused you.
What is the topic sentence? 🏰
Garnet blew out the candles and lay down.
It was too hot even for a sheet.
She lay there, sweating, listening to the empty thunder that brought no rain, and whispered, "I wish the drought would end.
"Late in the night, Garnet had a feeling that something she had been waiting for was about to happen.
She lay quite still, listening.
The thunder rumbled again, sounding much louder.
And then slowly, one by one, as if someone were dropping pennies on the roof, came the raindrops.
Garnet held her breath hopefully.
The sound paused.
"Don't stop!
Please!"
she whispered.
Then the rain burst strong and loud upon the world.
Garnet leaped out of bed and ran to the window.
She shouted with joy, "It's raining hard!
"She felt as though the thunderstorm was a present.
What is the topic sentence? 🚔
How do you encourage other people when they are changing their behavior?
Suppose you see a friend who is on a diet and has been losing a lot of weight.
It's tempting to tell her that she looks great and she must feel wonderful.
It feels good for someone to hear positive comments, and this feedback will often be encouraging.
However, if you end the discussion there, then the only feedback your friend is getting is about her progress toward an outcome.
Instead, continue the discussion.
Ask about what she is doing that has allowed her to be successful.
What is she eating?
Where is she working out?
What are the lifestyle changes she has made?
When the conversation focuses on the process of change rather than the outcome, it reinforces the value of creating a sustainable process.
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It might seem that praising your child's intelligence or talent would boost his self-esteem and motivate him.
But it turns out that this sort of praise backfires.
Carol Dweck and her colleagues have demonstrated the effect in a series of experimental studies: "When we praise kids for their ability, kids become more cautious.
They avoid challenges.
"It's as if they are afraid to do anything that might make them fail and lose your high appraisal.
Kids might also get the message that intelligence or talent is something that people either have or don't have.
This leaves kids feeling helpless when they make mistakes.
What's the point of trying to improve if your mistakes indicate that you lack intelligence?
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Fast fashion refers to trendy clothes designed, created, and sold to consumers as quickly as possible at extremely low prices.
Fast fashion items may not cost you much at the cash register, but they come with a serious price: tens of millions of people in developing countries, some just children, work long hours in dangerous conditions to make them, in the kinds of factories often labeled sweatshops.
Most garment workers are paid barely enough to survive.
Fast fashion also hurts the environment.
Garments are manufactured using toxic chemicals and then transported around the globe, making the fashion industry the world's second-largest polluter, after the oil industry.
And millions of tons of discarded clothing piles up in landfills each year.
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If you want to protect yourself from colds and flu, regular exercise may be the ultimate immunity-booster.
Studies have shown that moderate aerobic exercise can more than halve your risk for respiratory infections and other common winter diseases.
But when you feel sick, the story changes.
"Exercise is great for prevention, but it can be lousy for therapy," says David Nieman, the director of the Human Performance Lab.
Research shows that moderate exercise has no effect on the duration or severity of the common cold.
If you have the flu or other forms of fever-causing systemic infections, exercise can slow recovery and, therefore, is a bad idea.
Your immune system is working overtime to fight off the infection, and exercise, a form of physical stress, makes that task harder.
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Eddie Adams was born in New Kensington, Pennsylvania.
He developed his passion for photography in his teens, when he became a staff photographer for his high school paper.
After graduating, he joined the United States Marine Corps, where he captured scenes from the Korean War as a combat photographer.
In 1958, he became staff at the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, a daily evening newspaper published in Philadelphia.
In 1962, he joined the Associated Press (AP), and after 10 years, he left the AP to work as a freelancer for Time magazine.
The Saigon Execution photo that he took in Vietnam earned him the Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography in 1969.
He shot more than 350 covers of magazines with portraits of political leaders such as Deng Xiaoping, Richard Nixon, and George Bush.
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My dad worked very late hours as a musician―until about three in the morning―so he slept late on weekends.
As a result, we didn't have much of a relationship when I was young other than him constantly nagging me to take care of chores like mowing the lawn and cutting the hedges, which I hated.
He was a responsible man dealing with an irresponsible kid.
Memories of how we interacted seem funny to me today.
For example, one time he told me to cut the grass and I decided to do just the front yard and postpone doing the back, but then it rained for a couple days and the backyard grass became so high I had to cut it with a sickle.
That took so long that by the time I was finished, the front yard was too high to mow, and so on.
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People are innately inclined to look for causes of events, to form explanations and stories.
That is one reason storytelling is such a persuasive medium.
Stories resonate with our experiences and provide examples of new instances.
From our experiences and the stories of others we tend to form generalizations about the way people behave and things work.
We attribute causes to events, and as long as these cause-and-effect pairings make sense, we use them for understanding future events.
Yet these causal attributions are often mistaken.
Sometimes they implicate the wrong causes, and for some things that happen, there is no single cause.
Rather, there is a complex chain of events that all contribute to the result; if any one of the events would not have occurred, the result would be different.
But even when there is no single causal act, that doesn't stop people from assigning one.
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Leaving a store, I returned to my car only to find that I'd locked my car key and cell phone inside the vehicle.
A teenager riding his bike saw me kick a tire in frustration.
"What's wrong?"
he asked.
I explained my situation.
"But even if I could call my husband," I said, "he can't bring me his car key, since this is our only car.
"He handed me his cell phone.
The thoughtful boy said, "Call your husband and tell him I'm coming to get his key.
""Are you sure?
That's four miles round trip.
""Don't worry about it."
An hour later, he returned with the key.
I offered him some money, but he refused.
"Let's just say I needed the exercise," he said.
Then, like a cowboy in the movies, he rode off into the sunset.
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One CEO in one of Silicon Valley's most innovative companies has what would seem like a boring, creativity-killing routine.
He holds a three-hour meeting that starts at 9:00 A.M. one day a week.
It is never missed or rescheduled at a different time.
It is mandatory―so much so that even in this global firm all the executives know never to schedule any travel that will conflict with the meeting.
At first glance there is nothing particularly unique about this.
But what is unique is the quality of ideas that come out of the regular meetings.
Because the CEO has eliminated the mental cost involved in planning the meeting or thinking about who will or won't be there, people can focus on creative problem solving.
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When meeting someone in person, body language experts say that smiling can portray confidence and warmth.
Online, however, smiley faces could be doing some serious damage to your career.
In a new study, researchers found that using smiley faces makes you look incompetent.
The study says, "contrary to actual smiles, smileys do not increase perceptions of warmth and actually decrease perceptions of competence.
"The report also explains, "Perceptions of low competence, in turn, lessened information sharing.
"Chances are, if you are including a smiley face in an email for work, the last thing you want is for your coworkers to think that you are so inadequate that they chose not to share information with you.
What is the topic sentence? 🚡
How funny are you?
While some people are natural humorists, being funny is a set of skills that can be learned.
Exceptionally funny people don't depend upon their memory to keep track of everything they find funny.
In the olden days, great comedians carried notebooks to write down funny thoughts or observations and scrapbooks for news clippings that struck them as funny.
Today, you can do that easily with your smartphone.
If you have a funny thought, record it as an audio note.
If you read a funny article, save the link in your bookmarks.
The world is a funny place and your existence within it is probably funnier.
Accepting that fact is a blessing that gives you everything you need to see humor and craft stories on a daily basis.
All you have to do is document them and then tell someone.
What is the topic sentence? 🚏
If you ask a physicist how long it would take a marble to fall from the top of a ten-story building, he will likely answer the question by assuming that the marble falls in a vacuum.
In reality, the building is surrounded by air, which applies friction to the falling marble and slows it down.
Yet the physicist will point out that the friction on the marble is so small that its effect is negligible.
Assuming the marble falls in a vacuum simplifies the problem without substantially affecting the answer.
Economists make assumptions for the same reason: Assumptions can simplify the complex world and make it easier to understand.
To study the effects of international trade, for example, we might assume that the world consists of only two countries and that each country produces only two goods.
By doing so, we can focus our thinking on the essence of the problem.
Thus, we are in a better position to understand international trade in the complex world.
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Water is the ultimate commons.
Once, watercourses seemed boundless and the idea of protecting water was considered silly.
But rules change.
Time and again, communities have studied water systems and redefined wise use.
Now Ecuador has become the first nation on Earth to put the rights of nature in its constitution.
This move has proclaimed that rivers and forests are not simply property but maintain their own right to flourish.
According to the constitution, a citizen might file suit on behalf of an injured watershed, recognizing that its health is crucial to the common good.
More countries are acknowledging nature's rights and are expected to follow Ecuador's lead.
What is the topic sentence? 🎠
No one likes to think they're average, least of all below average.
When asked by psychologists, most people rate themselves above average on all manner of measures including intelligence, looks, health, and so on.
Self-control is no different: people consistently overestimate their ability to control themselves.
This overconfidence in self-control can lead people to assume they'll be able to control themselves in situations in which, it turns out, they can't.
This is why trying to stop an unwanted habit can be an extremely frustrating task.
Over the days and weeks from our resolution to change, we start to notice it popping up again and again.
The old habit's well-practiced performance is beating our conscious desire for change into submission.
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Trade will not occur unless both parties want what the other party has to offer.
This is referred to as the double coincidence of wants.
Suppose a farmer wants to trade eggs with a baker for a loaf of bread.
If the baker has no need or desire for eggs, then the farmer is out of luck and does not get any bread.
However, if the farmer is enterprising and utilizes his network of village friends, he might discover that the baker is in need of some new cast-iron trivets for cooling his bread, and it just so happens that the blacksmith needs a new lamb's wool sweater.
Upon further investigation, the farmer discovers that the weaver has been wanting an omelet for the past week.
The farmer will then trade the eggs for the sweater, the sweater for the trivets, and the trivets for his fresh-baked loaf of bread.
What is the topic sentence? 🏯
Have you heard someone say, "He has no one to blame but himself" for some problem?
In everyday life we often blame people for "creating" their own problems.
Although individual behavior can contribute to social problems, our individual experiences are often largely beyond our own control.
They are determined by society as a whole ― by its historical development and its organization.
If a person sinks into debt because of overspending or credit card abuse, other people often consider the problem to be the result of the individual's personal failings.
However, thinking about it this way overlooks debt among people in low-income brackets who have no other way than debt to acquire basic necessities of life.
By contrast, at middle- and upper-income levels, overspending takes on a variety of meanings typically influenced by what people think of as essential for their well-being and associated with the so-called "good life" that is so heavily marketed.
But across income and wealth levels, larger-scale economic and social problems may affect the person's ability to pay for consumer goods and services.
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Traditionally, people were declared dead when their hearts stopped beating, their blood stopped circulating and they stopped breathing.
So doctors would listen for a heartbeat, or occasionally conduct the famous mirror test to see if there were any signs of moisture from the potential deceased's breath.
It is commonly known that when people's hearts stop and they breathe their last, they are dead.
But in the last half-century, doctors have proved time and time again that they can revive many patients whose hearts have stopped beating by various techniques such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
So a patient whose heart has stopped can no longer be regarded as dead.
Instead, the patient is said to be 'clinically dead'.
Someone who is only clinically dead can often be brought back to life.
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At the Leipzig Zoo in Germany, 34 zoo chimpanzees and orangutans participating in a study were each individually tested in a room, where they were put in front of two boxes.
An experimenter would place an object inside one box and leave the room.
Another experimenter would enter the room, move the object into the other box and exit.
When the first experimenter returned and tried retrieving the object from the first box, the great ape would help the experimenter open the second box, which it knew the object had been transferred to.
However, most apes in the study did not help the first experimenter open the second box if the first experimenter was still in the room to see the second experimenter move the item.
The findings show the great apes understood when the first experimenter still thought the item was where he or she last left it.
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It's reasonable to assume that every adult alive today has, at some point in their life, expressed or heard from someone else a variation of the following: "Where did all the time go?
""I can't believe it's the New Year.
Time flies!
""Enjoy it.
One day you'll wake up and you'll be 50.
"While different on the surface, the sentiment behind these phrases is the same: time feels like it moves faster as we get older.
But why does this happen?
According to psychologist Robert Ornstein, the speed of time and our perception of it is heavily influenced by how much new information is available for our minds to absorb and process.
In essence, the more new information we take in, the slower time feels.
This theory could explain in part why time feels slower for children.
Assigned the enormous task of absorbing and processing all this new perceptual and sensory information around them, their brains are continuously alert and attentive.
Why?
Because everything is unfamiliar.
Consider the mind of a child: having experienced so little, the world is a mysterious and fascinating place.
Adults and children may live in the same world, but reality for a child is vastly different ―full of wonders and curiosities and miraculous little events that most adults ignore.
Perhaps this is why we think so fondly about the joy of childhood, that freedom of mind and body before the world becomes familiar and predictable.
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A 10-year-old boy decided to learn judo despite the fact that he had lost his left arm in a devastating car accident.
The boy began lessons with an old Japanese judo master.
The boy was doing well, so he couldn't understand why, after three months of training, the master had taught him only one move.
Not quite understanding but believing in his master, the boy kept training.
Several months later, the master took the boy to his first tournament.
Surprising himself, the boy easily won his first two matches.
The third match proved to be more difficult, but after some time, his opponent became impatient and charged; the boy skillfully used his one move to win the match.
Still amazed by his success, he was now in the finals.
This time, his opponent was bigger, stronger, and more experienced.
Concerned that he might get hurt, the referee called a timeout to stop the match.
Then the master intervened.
"No," the master insisted, "let him continue.
"Soon after the match resumed, his opponent made a critical mistake: he dropped his guard.
Instantly, the boy used his move to pin him.
The boy had won the match and the tournament.
He was the champion.
On the way home, after reviewing all the matches he had, he summoned the courage to ask what was on his mind.
"Master, how did I become the champion with only one move?
""You won for two reasons," the master answered.
"First, you've mastered one of the most difficult throws in all of judo.
And second, the only known defense for that move is for your opponent to grab your left arm.
"The boy's biggest weakness had become his biggest strength.
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2018 06 고2 모의고사 본문 한줄해석
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What is the topic sentence? 🎡
I understand that on May 3, 2018 when you were a guest at our restaurant in the Four Hills Plaza, you experienced an unfortunate incident that resulted in a beverage being spilled on your coat.
Please accept my sincere apology.
Unfortunately the staff on duty at the time did not reflect our customer service policy.
I have investigated the situation and scheduled additional customer service training for them.
We'd like to have you back as a customer so I'm sending you a coupon for two free entrees that can be used at any of our five locations in New Parkland.
Again, my apologies for the incident.
I hope you give us the opportunity to make this right.
What is the topic sentence? 🚖
Patricia is eager to be the best mom she can be, but she finds parenting a hard task.
Here's how she put it: "Just when I think I have it down, then something changes, and I have to make major adjustments.
Parenting well feels like a moving target."
Patricia is correct.
In fact, much research has been done on the developmental stages of childhood.
Babies learn to sit up, then crawl, and finally walk.
Kids have a greater ability to reason as they get older, and logic makes sense as they move further into preadolescence.
A logical implication of these developmental changes is that parents will need to make parenting shifts along the way.
In other words, the one strategy to keep in mind as your children grow and change is that you must also change to meet their new developmental needs and abilities.
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While backpacking through Costa Rica, Masami found herself in a bad situation.
She had lost all of her belongings, and had only $5 in cash.
To make matters worse, because of a recent tropical storm, all telephone and Internet services were down.
She had no way to get money, so decided to go knocking door to door, explaining that she needed a place to stay until she could contact her family back in Japan to send her some money.
Everybody told her they had no space or extra food and pointed her in the direction of the next house.
It was already dark when she arrived at a small roadside restaurant.
The owner of the restaurant heard her story and really empathized.
Much to her delight, Masami was invited in.
The owner gave her some food, and allowed her to stay there until she could contact her parents.
What is the topic sentence? 🏯
The development of writing was pioneered not by gossips, storytellers, or poets, but by accountants.
The earliest writing system has its roots in the Neolithic period, when humans first began to switch from hunting and gathering to a settled lifestyle based on agriculture.
This shift began around 9500 BC in a region known as the Fertile Crescent, which stretches from modern‑day Egypt, up to southeastern Turkey, and down again to the border between Iraq and Iran.
Writing seems to have evolved in this region from the custom of using small clay pieces to account for transactions involving agricultural goods such as grain, sheep, and cattle.
The first written documents, which come from the Mesopotamian city of Uruk and date back to around 3400 B.C., record amounts of bread, payment of taxes, and other transactions using simple symbols and marks on clay tablets.
What is the topic sentence? 🏰
Why do you go to the library?
For books, yes — and you like books because they tell stories.
You hope to get lost in a story or be transported into someone else's life.
At one type of library, you can do just that — even though there's not a single book.
At a Human Library, people with unique life stories volunteer to be the "books."
For a certain amount of time, you can ask them questions and listen to their stories, which are as fascinating and inspiring as any you can find in a book.
Many of the stories have to do with some kind of stereotype.
You can speak with a refugee, a soldier suffering from PTSD, and a homeless person.
The Human Library encourages people to challenge their own existing notions — to truly get to know, and learn from, someone they might otherwise make quick judgements about.
What is the topic sentence? 🚔
We create a picture of the world using the examples that most easily come to mind.
This is foolish, of course, because in reality, things don't happen more frequently just because we can imagine them more easily.
Thanks to this prejudice, we travel through life with an incorrect risk map in our heads.
Thus, we overestimate the risk of being the victims of a plane crash, a car accident, or a murder.
And we underestimate the risk of dying from less spectacular means, such as diabetes or stomach cancer.
The chances of bomb attacks are much rarer than we think, and the chances of suffering depression are much higher.
We attach too much likelihood to spectacular, flashy, or loud outcomes.
Anything silent or invisible we downgrade in our minds.
Our brains imagine impressive outcomes more readily than ordinary ones.
What is the topic sentence? 🎢
After earning her doctorate degree from the University of Istanbul in 1940, Halet Cambel fought tirelessly for the advancement of archaeology.
She helped preserve some of Turkey's most important archaeological sites near the Ceyhan River and established an outdoor museum at Karatepe.
There, she broke ground on one of humanity's oldest known civilizations by discovering a Phoenician alphabet tablet.
Her work preserving Turkey's cultural heritage won her a Prince Claus Award.
But as well as revealing the secrets of the past, she also firmly addressed the political atmosphere of her present.
As just a 20yearold archaeology student, Cambel went to the 1936 Berlin Olympics, becoming the first Muslim woman to compete in the Games.
She was later invited to meet Adolf Hitler but she rejected the offer on political grounds.
What is the topic sentence? 🚏
Getting in the habit of asking questions transforms you into an active listener.
This practice forces you to have a different inner life experience, since you will, in fact, be listening more effectively.
You know that sometimes when you are supposed to be listening to someone, your mind starts to wander.
All teachers know that this happens frequently with students in classes.
It's what goes on inside your head that makes all the difference in how well you will convert what you hear into something you learn.
Listening is not enough.
If you are constantly engaged in asking yourself questions about things you are hearing, you will find that even boring lecturers become a bit more interesting, because much of the interest will be coming from what you are generating rather than what the lecturer is offering.
When someone else speaks, you need to be thought provoking!
What is the topic sentence? 🛳
Allowing people to influence each other reduces the precision of a group's estimate.
To derive the most useful information from multiple sources of evidence, you should always try to make these sources independent of each other.
This rule is part of good police procedure.
When there are multiple witnesses to an event, they are not allowed to discuss it before giving their testimony.
The goal is not only to prevent collusion by hostile witnesses, it is also to prevent witnesses from influencing each other.
Witnesses who exchange their experiences will tend to make similar errors in their testimony, reducing the total value of the information they provide.
The standard practice of open discussion gives too much weight to the opinions of those who speak early and confidently, causing others to line up behind them.
What is the topic sentence? ⛲
Loneliness can creep into your life as you get older, which is why it's nice to find some ways to not be lonely.
Patrick Arbore knows this, and it's why he values meaningful conversation.
Director and founder of Elderly Suicide Prevention, Arbore, founded the Friendship Line, a 24hour hotline whose volunteers reach out to potentially suicidal seniors.
He says, "What brings me joy is when I can be the listener when someone is hungry for connection."
Arbore remembers one man in particular who was feeling suicidal in his 70's after his wife's death.
The man spoke with him on the Friendship Line at a stage when he wanted to end his life.
After some time he said to him "I am no longer thinking about suicide because people care about me."
Arbore found this exchange profound.
"All we did was express caring," he says.
"Our work is really quite simple.
It's connection and care."
What is the topic sentence? ⛲
Do you advise your kids to keep away from strangers?
That's a tall order for adults.
After all, you expand your network of friends and create potential business partners by meeting strangers.
Throughout this process, however, analyzing people to understand their personalities is not all about potential economic or social benefit.
There is your safety to think about, as well as the safety of your loved ones.
For that reason, Mary Ellen O'Toole, who is a retired FBI profiler, emphasizes the need to go beyond a person's superficial qualities in order to understand them.
It is not safe, for instance, to assume that a stranger is a good neighbor, just because they're polite.
Seeing them follow a routine of going out every morning well‑dressed doesn't mean that's the whole story.
In fact, O'Toole says that when you are dealing with a criminal, even your feelings may fail you.
That's because criminals have perfected the art of manipulation and deceit.
What is the topic sentence? 🚘
"Survivorship bias" is a common logical fallacy.
We're prone to listen to the success stories from survivors because the others aren't around to tell the tale.
A dramatic example from history is the case of statistician Abraham Wald who, during World War Ⅱ, was hired by the U.S・ Air Force to determine how to make their bomber planes safer.
The planes that returned tended to have bullet holes along the wings, body, and tail, and commanders wanted to reinforce those areas because they seemed to get hit most often.
Wald, however, saw that the important thing was that these bullet holes had not destroyed the planes, and what needed more protection were the areas that were not hit.
Those were the parts where, if a plane was struck by a bullet, it would never be seen again.
His calculations based on that logic are still in use today, and they have saved many pilots.
What is the topic sentence? 🏯
In the early 2000s, British psychologist Richard Wiseman performed a series of experiments with people who viewed themselves as either 'lucky'(they were successful and happy, and events in their lives seemed to favor them) or 'unlucky'(life just seemed to go wrong for them).
What he found was that the 'lucky' people were good at spotting opportunities.
In one experiment he told both groups to count the number of pictures in a newspaper.
The 'unlucky' diligently ground their way through the task; the 'lucky' usually noticed that the second page contained an announcement that said: "Stop counting — there are 43 photographs in this newspaper."
On a later page, the 'unlucky' were also too busy counting images to spot a note reading: "Stop counting, tell the experimenter you have seen this, and win $250."
Wiseman's conclusion was that, when faced with a challenge, 'unlucky' people were less flexible.
They focused on a specific goal, and failed to notice that other options were passing them by.
What is the topic sentence? 🎢
Appreciating the collective nature of knowledge can correct our false notions of how we see the world.
People love heroes.
Individuals are given credit for major breakthroughs.
Marie Curie is treated as if she worked alone to discover radioactivity and Newton as if he discovered the laws of motion by himself.
The truth is that in the real world, nobody operates alone.
Scientists not only have labs with students who contribute critical ideas, but also have colleagues who are doing similar work, thinking similar thoughts, and without whom the scientist would get nowhere.
And then there are other scientists who are working on different problems, sometimes in different fields, but nevertheless set the stage through their own findings and ideas.
Once we start understanding that knowledge isn't all in the head, that it's shared within a community, our heroes change.
Instead of focusing on the individual, we begin to focus on a larger group.
What is the topic sentence? 🎡
Your story is what makes you special.
But the tricky part is showing how special you are without talking about yourself.
Effective personal branding isn't about talking about yourself all the time.
Although everyone would like to think that friends and family are eagerly waiting by their computers hoping to hear some news about what you're doing, they're not.
Actually, they're hoping you're sitting by your computer, waiting for news about them.
The best way to build your personal brand is to talk more about other people, events, and ideas than you talk about yourself.
By doing so, you promote their victories and their ideas, and you become an influencer.
You are seen as someone who is not only helpful, but is also a valuable resource.
That helps your brand more than if you just talk about yourself over and over.
What is the topic sentence? 🎡
Many years ago I visited the chief investment officer of a large financial firm, who had just invested some tens of millions of dollars in the stock of the ABC Motor Company.
When I asked how he had made that decision, he replied that he had recently attended an automobile show and had been impressed.
He said, "Boy, they do know how to make a car!"
His response made it very clear that he trusted his gut feeling and was satisfied with himself and with his decision.
I found it remarkable that he had apparently not considered the one question that an economist would call relevant: Is the ABC stock currently underpriced?
Instead, he had listened to his intuition; he liked the cars, he liked the company, and he liked the idea of owning its stock.
From what we know about the accuracy of stock picking, it is reasonable to believe that he did not know what he was doing.
What is the topic sentence? 🏕
You may be wondering why people prefer to prioritize internal disposition over external situations when seeking causes to explain behaviour.
One answer is simplicity.
Thinking of an internal cause for a person's behaviour is easy — the strict teacher is a stubborn person, the devoted parents just love their kids.
In contrast, situational explanations can be complex.
Perhaps the teacher appears stubborn because she's seen the consequences of not trying hard in generations of students and wants to develop self‑discipline in them.
Perhaps the parents who're boasting of the achievements of their children are anxious about their failures, and conscious of the cost of their school fees.
These situational factors require knowledge, insight, and time to think through.
Whereas, jumping to a dispositional attribution is far easier.
What is the topic sentence? 🚏
A child bounces up to you holding her school work; perhaps she's your daughter, cousin, or neighbour.
She proudly shows you a big red A at the bottom of her test paper.
How do you praise her?
For decades, people have been told that praise is vital for happy and healthy children and that the most important job in raising a child is nurturing her self‑esteem.
Recently, however, some researchers found that how people are praised is very important.
They discovered that if you say "What a very clever girl you are" to the child showing you an A, you may cause her more harm than good.
For your children to succeed and be happy, you need to convince them that success comes from effort, not from some talent that they're born with or without.
What is the topic sentence? 🚔
The body has an effective system of natural defence against parasites, called the immune system.
The immune system is so complicated that it would take a whole book to explain it.
Briefly, when it senses a dangerous parasite, the body is mobilized to produce special cells, which are carried by the blood into battle like a kind of army.
Usually the immune system wins, and the person recovers.
After that, the immune system remembers the molecular equipment that it developed for that particular battle, and any following infection by the same kind of parasite is beaten off so quickly that we don't notice it.
That is why, once you have had a disease like the measles or chicken pox, you're unlikely to get it again.
What is the topic sentence? 🎢
The wife of American physiologist Hudson Hoagland became sick with a severe flu.
Dr・ Hoagland was curious enough to notice that whenever he left his wife's room for a short while, she complained that he had been gone for a long time.
In the interest of scientific investigation, he asked his wife to count to 60, with each count corresponding to what she felt was one second, while he kept a record of her temperature.
His wife reluctantly accepted and he quickly noticed that the hotter she was, the faster she counted.
When her temperature was 38 degrees Celsius, for instance, she counted to 60 in 45 seconds.
He repeated the experiment a few more times, and found that when her temperature reached 39_5 degrees Celsius, she counted one minute in just 37 seconds.
The doctor thought that his wife must have some kind of 'internal clock' inside her brain that ran faster as the fever went up.
What is the topic sentence? 🏯
David Stenbill, Monica Bigoutski, Shana Tirana.
I just made up these names.
If you encounter any of them within the next few minutes, you are likely to remember where you saw them.
You know, and will know for a while, that these are not the names of minor celebrities.
But suppose that a few days from now you are shown a long list of names, including those of some minor celebrities and "new" names of people that you have never heard of; your task will be to check every name of a celebrity on the list.
There is a substantial probability that you will identify David Stenbill as a well‑known person, although you will not know whether you encountered his name in the context of movies, sports, or politics.
Larry Jacoby, the psychologist who first demonstrated this memory illusion in the laboratory, titled his article "Becoming Famous Overnight".
How does this happen?
Start by asking yourself how you know whether or not someone is famous.
In some cases of truly famous people, you have a mental file with rich information about a person — think Albert Einstein, Michael Jackson, or Hillary Clinton.
But you will have no file of information about David Stenbill if you encounter his name in a few days.
All you will have is a sense of familiarity.
What is the topic sentence? 🚏
Is it possible that two words can change someone's day, someone's life?
What if those same two words could change the world?
Well, Cheryl Rice is on a quest to find out.
This quest accidentally began in November, 2016 in a grocery store.
She was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in her 60's.
When it was the woman's turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.
The woman looked down, shook her head and said, "Not so good.
My husband just lost his job.
I don't know how I'm going to get through the holidays.
"Then she gave the cashier some food stamps.
Cheryl's heart ached.
She wanted to help but didn't know how.
"Should I offer to pay for her groceries, ask for her husband's resume?"
She did nothing — yet.
And the woman left the store.
As Cheryl walked into the parking lot, she spotted the woman returning her shopping cart, and she remembered something in her purse that could help her.
She approached the woman and said, "Excuse me, I couldn't help overhearing what you said to the cashier.
It sounds like you're going through a really hard time right now.
I'm so sorry.
I'd like to give you something.
"And she handed her a small card.
When the woman read the card's only two words, she began to cry.
And through her tears, she said, "You have no idea how much this means to me.
"She was a little startled by her reply.
Having never done anything like this before, Cheryl hadn't anticipated the reaction she might receive.
All she could think to respond was, "Oh, my.
Would it be OK to give you a hug?
"After they embraced, she walked back to her car and began to cry too.
The words on the card?
"You Matter."
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Only after 도치구문
Only after some time and struggle
does the student begin to develop the insights and intuitions
that enable him to see the centrality and relevance of this mode of thinking.
===========================
For instance, only after a good deal of observation
do the sparks in the bubble chamber become recognizable
as the specific movements of identifiable particles.
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특이한 도치문장
Hardest hit may be Africa, which could lose two-thirds of its cropland due to desertification, which occurs when the land loses its ability to produce vegetation and turns into deserts.
Hardest hit
may be
Africa,
which could lose two-thirds of its cropland due to desertification,
which occurs when the land loses its ability to produce vegetation and turns into deserts.
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하루 30초면 어법끝!
하루 30초면 어법끝!
규칙적인 영어습관으로 수능 어법의 강자가 됩시다.
1. 다음 글의 흐름으로 보아, 어법상 적절하지 않은 문장은?
① Mary began singing in her church choir in Chicago. ② Many people at her church were able to raise enough money for her to go to a music school for a year. ③ Then a famous music teacher gave her lessons. ④ At last she graduated from the music school. ⑤ She went on to win contests, sing on concert tours, and becoming a world-famous solo singer.
2. 다음 글의 흐름으로 보아 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 자연스럽지 못한 것은?
When elephants want to eat, their long noses help. They use their trunks to pull down the branches and ①pulling off the fruit and leaves. With their long noses, elephants put food into their mouths. An elephant can ② give itself a bath with its trunk. It takes water in through its nose. Out the water comes, all over the elephant's body. Elephants, however, ③can't always find clean water. Then they take a mud bath. The trunk ④is used to put on mud. When the elephant has a cut, the cool mud ⑤makes the cut feel better.
3. 다음 글의 흐름으로 보아, 어법상 적절하지 않은 문장은?
① By eight o'clock, the streets in the big city are filled with people. ② Everyone is in a hurry not to be late. ③ Some drink a quick cup of coffee in the fast food restaurant. ④ Others stop buying the morning paper. ⑤ They read the headlines before they go to the tall buildings where they work.
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