수능특강 4강 (빈칸연습)

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♖ 영잘알_기본기 ( marine mammals .) Many marine mammals are quite large. 많은 해양 포유류는 상당히 크다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 Many m_______ m_______ are quite large.    Many marine [quite / mammals / are / large]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (dwelling species evolves gains advantages.) When an ocean-dwelling species evolves toward a bigger size, it gains several advantages. 해양 서식종이 더 큰 몸집으로 진화할 때, 그것은 몇 가지 이점을 얻는다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 When an ocean - d_______ s_______ e_______ toward a bigger size, it g_______ several a_______.    When an [evolves / species / ocean-dwelling / toward] a bigger [gains / several / size, / it / advantages]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (energy effort support pressure support .) First, it takes less energy and effort to support a large body in the ocean than on land, because the pressure of the water helps to support the body. 우선, 육지에서보다 해양에서 큰 몸집을 지탱하는 데 더 적은 에너지와 노력이 필요한데, 이는 수압이 몸을 지탱하는 것을 돕기 때문이다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 First, it takes less e_______ and e_______ to s_______ a large body in the ocean than on land, because the p_______ of the water helps to s_______ the body.    First, it [takes / less / energy / and] effort to [in / a / large / body / support] the ocean [because / than / the / on / land,] pressure of [the / helps / water / support / to] the body

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (― massive require skeleton collapse .) A blue whale could never live on land, even if it had legs―its massive body would require a skeleton so big that it would collapse under its own weight. 청고래[흰긴수염고래]는 설사 다리가 있다 하더라도 육지에서는 결코 살 수 없을 것이다 / 그의 육중한 몸집이 그 자체의 무게로 무너져 내릴 정도로 큰 골격을 필요로 할 터이기 때문이다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 A blue whale could never live on land, even if it had legs―its m_______ body would r_______ a s_______ so big that it would c_______ under its own weight.    A blue [never / whale / live / could] on land, [if / it / even / had / legs―its] massive body [require / would / skeleton / a / so] big that [under / would / its / collapse / it] own weight

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (larger () compared volume ( mass) smaller .) Second, larger animals have less surface area (skin), *분사구_수동⌈compared to⌋ their overall volume (body mass), than smaller animals. 둘째로, 몸집이 더 큰 동물은 그들의 전체적인 용적(체질량)에 비교할 때, 더 작은 동물에 비해 더 적은 표면적(피부)을 가진다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 Second, l_______ animals have less surface area (skin), c_______ to their overall v_______ (body m_______), than s_______ animals.    Second, larger [animals / have / less / surface] area (skin), [compared / overall / their / volume / to] (body mass), [smaller / than / animals]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (dwelling creature easier conserve inside creature .) A big sea-dwelling creature finds it easier to conserve warmth inside its body, while a small creature loses more heat into the water through its skin. 대형 해양 서식 동물은 자신의 체내에 온기를 보존하는 것이 더 쉬운 반면, 몸집이 작은 동물은 자신의 피부를 통해 더 많은 열을 물속으로 잃게 된다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 A big sea - d_______ c_______ finds it e_______ to c_______ warmth i_______ its body, while a small c_______ loses more heat into the water through its skin.    A big [it / sea-dwelling / creature / finds] easier to [body, / conserve / inside / its / warmth] while a [small / creature / heat / loses / more] into the [through / water / its / skin]

♔ 집에 들어갔더니 쭈노가 문장을 이렇게 만들어 놓았다 Many marine mammals are quite large. (     ) First, it takes less energy and effort to support a large body in the ocean than on land, because the pressure of the water helps to support the body. (     ) When an ocean-dwelling species evolves toward a bigger size, it gains several advantages. (     ) A big sea-dwelling creature finds it easier to conserve warmth inside its body, while a small creature loses more heat into the water through its skin. (     ) Second, larger animals have less surface area (skin), compared to their overall volume (body mass), than smaller animals. (     ) A blue whale could never live on land, even if it had legs―its massive body would require a skeleton so big that it would collapse under its own weight.

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♖ 영잘알_기본기 ( addiction criticizing huge block effectively feedback.) Our addiction to criticizing others is a huge block to effectively giving feedback. 다른 사람들을 비판하는 데 중독되는 것은 효과적으로 피드백을 제공하는 데 커다란 장애물이다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 Our a_______ to c_______ others is a h_______ b_______ to e_______ giving f_______.    Our addiction [others / is / to / criticizing] a huge [giving / block / to / feedback / effectively]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (criticize assign specific harmful status.) When we criticize, even if we choose our words with care, we are likely to assign others to a specific, potentially harmful, status. 우리가 비판할 때, 비록 우리가 신중하게 단어들을 선택한다 하더라도, 우리는 다른 사람들을 특정한, 잠재적으로 해로운 상태로 분류할 가능성이 있다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 When we c_______, even if we choose our words with care, we are likely to a_______ others to a s_______, potentially h_______, s_______.    When we [we / criticize, / if / even] choose our [with / care, / we / are / words] likely to [to / others / specific, / assign / a] potentially harmful, [status]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (assign status wrong.) We are likely to assign others, for instance, to the status of *표현주의⌈being⌋ "wrong. 예를 들어, 우리는 다른 사람들을 '틀렸다'라는 상태로 분류할 가능성이 있는 것이다[우리는 다른 사람들이 틀렸다고 칭할 가능성이 있는 것이다]. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 We are likely to a_______ others, for instance, to the s_______ of being "wrong.    We are [others, / assign / to / likely] for instance, [being / of / the / to / status] "wrong

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (labeled wrong.) No one likes to be labeled "wrong. "그 누구도 '틀린'이라는 꼬리표가 붙는 것을 좋아하지 않는다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 No one likes to be l_______ "wrong.    No one [likes / to / be / labeled] "wrong

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (defensive labeled wrong.) Most people get defensive when they *수동태⌈are labeled⌋, even when sure they are not "wrong. "대부분의 사람들은 그들에게 꼬리표가 붙을 때, 심지어 '틀리지' 않았다고 확신할 때조차 방어적으로 된다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 Most people get d_______ when they are l_______, even when sure they are not "wrong.    Most people [they / defensive / when / get] are labeled, [they / even / when / sure / are] not "wrong

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (important defensive block messages.) And what's more important, defensive people block messages. "그리고 더욱 중요한 것은, 방어적인 사람들은 메시지를 차단한다는 것이다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 And what's more i_______, d_______ people b_______ m_______.    And what's [more / defensive / people / important,] block messages

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (understood criticism effective communication strategy.) Unless you are trying not to be understood, then, criticism is not an effective communication strategy. 만약 여러분이 이해받지 않으려고 애쓰는 것이 아니라면, 그런 경우 비판은 효과적인 의사소통 전략이 아니다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 Unless you are trying not to be u_______, then, c_______ is not an e_______ c_______ s_______.    Unless you [are / not / trying / to] be understood, [criticism / an / then, / is / not] effective communication [strategy]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (constructive .) And it doesn't help to call *댓생략 it "constructive" either. 그것을 '건설적'이라고 부르는 것도 역시 도움이 되지 않는다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 And it doesn't help to call it "constructive" either.    And it [doesn't / help / call / to] it "constructive" [either]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (development design wrong positive results.) *동명사S/분사구문⌈Saying⌋ something like, "I'm telling you this for your own development, your design is all wrong" isn't going to produce positive results. "나는 당신의 발전을 위해서 당신에게 이것을 이야기하는 거예요 / 당신의 디자인은 모두 틀렸어요"와 같이 말하는 것은 긍정적인 결과를 낳지 않을 것이다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 Saying something like, "I'm telling you this for your own d_______, your d_______ is all w_______" isn't going to produce p_______ r_______.    Saying something [like, / "I'm / telling / you] this for [own / your / development, / design / your] is all [isn't / wrong" / produce / to / going] positive results

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (Criticism criticism.) Criticism is criticism. 비판은 비판이다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 C_______ is c_______.    Criticism is [criticism]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (blocks understanding.) It blocks understanding. 그것은 이해를 막는다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 It b_______ u_______.    It blocks [understanding]

♔ 집에 들어갔더니 쭈노가 문장을 이렇게 만들어 놓았다 Our addiction to criticizing others is a huge block to effectively giving feedback. (     ) And what's more important, defensive people block messages. (     ) No one likes to be labeled "wrong. (     ) When we criticize, even if we choose our words with care, we are likely to assign others to a specific, potentially harmful, status. (     ) Saying something like, "I'm telling you this for your own development, your design is all wrong" isn't going to produce positive results. (     ) We are likely to assign others, for instance, to the status of being "wrong. (     ) And it doesn't help to call it "constructive" either. (     ) Most people get defensive when they are labeled, even when sure they are not "wrong. (     ) Unless you are trying not to be understood, then, criticism is not an effective communication strategy. It blocks understanding.

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♖ 영잘알_기본기 ( solved recognized process defining representing proceed processes analogical .) After a problem which needs to be solved H.B.P_수동태[has been recognized], the process of defining *동명사S/분사구문⌈and representing⌋ the problem may proceed with processes such as analogical *1형식동사⌈thinking. 해결될 필요가 있는 문제가 인식된 이후에, 문제를 정의하고 설명하는 과정은 유추적 사고와 같은 과정으로 계속될 수 있다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 After a problem which needs to be s_______ has been r_______, the p_______ of d_______ and r_______ the problem may p_______ with p_______ such as a_______ thinking.    After a [which / problem / to / needs] be solved [has / process / the / recognized, / been] of defining [the / and / representing / may / problem] proceed with [analogical / processes / thinking / such / as]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (form representation solver different perspectives insight solution path.) To⌋ form an appropriate representation, a problem solver must often try out several different perspectives on a problem before finding one that gives insight to a solution path. 적절한 설명을 만들어 내기 위해서, 문제를 해결하는 사람은 해결 경로에 통찰력을 제공하는 하나의 관점을 찾으려면 많은 경우 어떤 문제에 관한 여러 가지 서로 다른 관점을 시험해 보아야 한다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 To f_______ an appropriate r_______, a problem s_______ must often try out several d_______ p_______ on a problem before finding one that gives i_______ to a s_______ p_______.    To form [appropriate / representation, / an / a] problem solver [must / often / try / out / several] different perspectives [a / finding / on / problem / before] one that [solution / insight / a / to / gives] path

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (variety representations analogical .) One way in which a variety of representations can be *V+N+ving⌈found is through analogical thinking⌋. 다양한 (문제) 설명을 발견할 수 있는 한 가지 방법은 유추적 사고를 통해서이다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 One way in which a v_______ of r_______ can be found is through a_______ thinking.    One way [which / in / a / variety] of representations [be / is / found / through / can] analogical thinking

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (analogous identified solution present matter mapping element .) When an analogous problem can be identified, then the solution of the present problem is partly a matter of mapping one element onto another. 유사한 문제를 찾아낼 수 있으면, 현재 문제의 해결은 어느 정도 하나의 요소를 다른 요소로 일정하게 대응시키는 문제이다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 When an a_______ problem can be i_______, then the s_______ of the p_______ problem is partly a m_______ of m_______ one e_______ onto another.    When an [problem / analogous / can / be] identified, then [the / the / solution / of / present] problem is [mapping / of / matter / partly / a] one element [onto / another]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (mapping involves comparing similarity structure identifying parallel elements.) For example *동명사S/분사구문⌈, mapping⌋ involves comparing the problems for similarity in structure *동명사S/분사구문⌈and identifying⌋ their parallel elements. 예를 들어 일정하게 대응시키는 것은 구조의 유사성을 찾기 위해 문제들을 비교하고, 그 문제들의 아주 유사한 요소들을 찾는 것을 포함한다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 For example, m_______ i_______ c_______ the problems for s_______ in s_______ and i_______ their p_______ e_______.    For example, [comparing / mapping / the / involves] problems for [identifying / similarity / in / structure / and] their parallel [elements]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (solution guide process solving analogical mapping process.) The solution of one problem then can guide the process of solving a novel one through this analogical mapping process. 그런 다음 한 문제의 해결은 이러한 유추에 의한 일정한 대응 과정을 통해 새로운 문제의 해결 과정을 안내할 수 있다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 The s_______ of one problem then can g_______ the p_______ of s_______ a novel one through this a_______ m_______ p_______.    The solution [one / then / problem / of] can guide [process / solving / the / of / a] novel one [mapping / process / through / this / analogical]

♔ 집에 들어갔더니 쭈노가 문장을 이렇게 만들어 놓았다 After a problem which needs to be solved has been recognized, the process of defining and representing the problem may proceed with processes such as analogical thinking. (     ) One way in which a variety of representations can be found is through analogical thinking. (     ) For example, mapping involves comparing the problems for similarity in structure and identifying their parallel elements. (     ) To form an appropriate representation, a problem solver must often try out several different perspectives on a problem before finding one that gives insight to a solution path. (     ) The solution of one problem then can guide the process of solving a novel one through this analogical mapping process. (     ) When an analogous problem can be identified, then the solution of the present problem is partly a matter of mapping one element onto another.

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♖ 영잘알_기본기 ( .) Maps are *분사구_수동⌈made from⌋ data. 지도는 데이터로 만들어진다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 Maps are made from data.    Maps are [data / made / from]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (positional involving latitude longitude border.) These data may be positional *동명사S/분사구문⌈, involving⌋ the latitude and longitude of a place, an address, a road, or a border. 이 데이터는 어떤 장소, 주소, 도로 혹은 국경의 위도와 경도를 포함하는, 위치와 관련된 것일 수 있다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 These data may be p_______, i_______ the l_______ and l_______ of a place, an address, a road, or a b_______.    These data [be / involving / may / positional,] the latitude [of / place, / longitude / and / a] an address, [a / border / road, / or / a]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (statistical population; qualitative locations grasslands deserts.) Some maps use statistical data to show such things as population; others use qualitative data such as locations of grasslands or deserts. 어떤 지도는 인구 같은 것을 보여 주는 통계 데이터를 사용하고, 또 어떤 것은 초원이나 사막의 위치와 같은 정성적(定性的) 데이터를 사용한다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 Some maps use s_______ data to show such things as p_______; others use q_______ data such as l_______ of g_______ or d_______.    Some maps [statistical / use / data / to] show such [use / as / others / population; / things] qualitative data [such / as / of / locations / grasslands] or deserts

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (Errors .) Errors can enter when data *수동태⌈are collected⌋. 데이터가 수집될 때 오류가 생길 수 있다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 E_______ can enter when data are collected.    Errors can [data / enter / are / when] collected

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (geographic information (GIS) GPS digitized.) Maps made by geographic information systems (GIS), maps on the Internet, and GPS units must be digitized. 지리정보시스템(GIS)으로 만들어진 지도, 인터넷상의 지도, GPS 장치는 '디지털화되어야' 한다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 Maps made by g_______ i_______ systems (GIS), maps on the Internet, and G_______ units must be d_______.    Maps made [by / systems / information / geographic] (GIS), maps [Internet, / and / GPS / the / on] units must [digitized / be]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (form .) That is, the data must be put in a form that the computer can read. 다시 말해서, 컴퓨터가 읽을 수 있는 형태로 그 데이터가 입력되어야 한다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 That is, the data must be put in a f_______ that the computer can read.    That is, [must / data / the / be] put in [computer / form / the / a / that] can read

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (digitizing humans plotting information potential human error.) Some of this digitizing is done by humans plotting *동명사S/분사구문⌈and entering⌋ the information, and thus, *Xvs구문⌈there is the potential⌋ for human error. 이런 디지털화 작업의 일부는 그 정보를 (지도에) 표시하고 입력하는 사람에 의해 이루어지는데, 그런 까닭에 사람에 의한 오류의 가능성이 존재한다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 Some of this d_______ is done by h_______ p_______ and entering the i_______, and thus, there is the p_______ for h_______ e_______.    Some of [digitizing / done / this / is] by humans [entering / plotting / and / the / information,] and thus, [for / is / potential / the / there] human error

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (historic modern gaps erroneous .) On historic maps and even some modern maps there might be a lack of data, gaps in the data, and even erroneous data. 역사적으로 중요한 지도와 심지어 몇몇 현대의 지도에도 데이터의 부족, 데이터의 공백, 심지어 잘못된 데이터가 존재할 수 있다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 On h_______ maps and even some m_______ maps there might be a lack of data, g_______ in the data, and even e_______ data.    On historic [maps / and / even / some] modern maps [lack / be / there / might / a] of data, [the / data, / in / and / gaps] even erroneous [data]

♔ 집에 들어갔더니 쭈노가 문장을 이렇게 만들어 놓았다 Maps are made from data. (     ) Some maps use statistical data to show such things as population; others use qualitative data such as locations of grasslands or deserts. (     ) Errors can enter when data are collected. (     ) That is, the data must be put in a form that the computer can read. (     ) Maps made by geographic information systems (GIS), maps on the Internet, and GPS units must be digitized. (     ) On historic maps and even some modern maps there might be a lack of data, gaps in the data, and even erroneous data. (     ) Some of this digitizing is done by humans plotting and entering the information, and thus, there is the potential for human error. (     ) These data may be positional, involving the latitude and longitude of a place, an address, a road, or a border.

4-5

♖ 영잘알_기본기 ( responsibility promote destinations developing brand image.) It has long been the responsibility of the marketers of cities and towns to promote them as possible travel destinations by developing a brand image. 브랜드 이미지를 개발함으로써 크고 작은 도시들을 가능한 여행 목적지로서 홍보하는 것은 오랫동안 그곳 마케팅 담당자들의 책임이었다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 It has long been the r_______ of the marketers of cities and towns to p_______ them as possible travel d_______ by d_______ a b_______ i_______.    It has [responsibility / long / been / the] of the [cities / of / and / marketers / towns] to promote [them / as / destinations / travel / possible] by developing [image / a / brand]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (responsibility assess .) First the marketers' responsibility was to assess the city for possible places and also people of interest. 우선 마케팅 담당자들의 책무는 (여행) 가능한 장소들과 또한 흥미로운 사람들에 대하여 도시를 평가하는 것이었다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 First the marketers' r_______ was to a_______ the city for possible places and also people of interest.    First the [marketers' / to / responsibility / was] assess the [for / places / possible / city / and] also people [interest / of]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (photographed information history communicated print digitally.) These places and people were then photographed and information written about their history and stories *관계사_계속적용법⌈, which⌋ was then communicated, first using print and now digitally. 그런 다음 이 장소들과 사람들을 사진으로 찍고 그 역사와 이야기에 대한 정보가 글로 작성된 후 (사람들에게) 전해졌는데, 처음에는 인쇄물을 이용하였고 지금은 디지털 방식이다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 These places and people were then p_______ and i_______ written about their h_______ and stories, which was then c_______, first using p_______ and now d_______.    These places [and / then / were / people] photographed and [history / their / written / about / information] and stories, [which / first / communicated, / was / then] using print [digitally / and / now]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (branded image developed controlled .) Th*수동태⌈is branded⌋ image was both developed and then controlled by marketers. 이 브랜드화된 이미지는 마케팅 담당자에 의해 개발도 되고 또 그런 다음에는 그들에 의해 통제도 되었다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 This b_______ i_______ was both d_______ and then c_______ by marketers.    This branded [image / developed / both / was] and then [marketers / by / controlled]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (posting photographs along posting sharing branding process control department.) The ease of taking *동명사S/분사구문⌈and posting⌋ photographs along with visitors posting *동명사S/분사구문⌈and sharing⌋ travel stories has changed the branding process by taking control away from the marketing department. 방문객들이 여행 이야기를 올리고 공유하는 것과 더불어 사진을 찍고 올리는 것의 수월함은 마케팅 부서의 통제권을 없앰으로써 브랜드를 창조하는 과정을 변화시켰다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 The ease of taking and p_______ p_______ a_______ with visitors p_______ and s_______ travel stories has changed the b_______ p_______ by taking c_______ away from the marketing d_______.    The ease [taking / of / posting / and] photographs along [visitors / with / and / sharing / posting] travel stories [process / branding / changed / the / has] by taking [away / from / marketing / the / control] department

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (posting images online meant longer control defined worth .) For example, visitors posting travel images online has meant that the city is no longer in control of what sites *수동태⌈are defined⌋ as worth visiting. 예를 들면, 방문객들이 여행 이미지를 온라인상에 올리는 것은 어떤 장소들이 방문할 가치가 있는 것으로 규정되는지가 이제는 도시의 통제를 벗어났다는 것을 의미하게 되었다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 For example, visitors p_______ travel i_______ o_______ has m_______ that the city is n_______ l_______ in c_______ of what sites are d_______ as w_______ visiting.    For example, [posting / travel / visitors / images] online has [is / city / that / the / meant] no longer [control / of / sites / what / in] are defined [visiting / as / worth]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (charged increasing develop promotional strategy encouraging brand along professionals.) Those charged with increasing tourism must still develop a promotional strategy, but it will be *분사구_수동⌈based on⌋ encouraging visitors to co-brand along with the professionals. 관광을 증대시키는 책임을 맡은 사람들은 여전히 홍보 전략을 개발해야 하지만, 그것은 방문객들이 전문가들과 함께 공동으로 브랜드를 창조하도록 권장하는 것에 기반을 둘 것이다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 Those c_______ with i_______ tourism must still d_______ a p_______ s_______, but it will be based on e_______ visitors to co - b_______ a_______ with the p_______.    Those charged [increasing / with / tourism / must] still develop [strategy, / but / a / it / promotional] will be [to / visitors / on / encouraging / based] co-brand along [professionals / with / the]

♔ 집에 들어갔더니 쭈노가 문장을 이렇게 만들어 놓았다 It has long been the responsibility of the marketers of cities and towns to promote them as possible travel destinations by developing a brand image. (     ) (     ) First the marketers' responsibility was to assess the city for possible places and also people of interest. (     ) The ease of taking and posting photographs along with visitors posting and sharing travel stories has changed the branding process by taking control away from the marketing department. (     ) These places and people were then photographed and information written about their history and stories, which was then communicated, first using print and now digitally. (     ) Those charged with increasing tourism must still develop a promotional strategy, but it will be based on encouraging visitors to co-brand along with the professionals. (     ) This branded image was both developed and then controlled by marketers. (     ) For example, visitors posting travel images online has meant that the city is no longer in control of what sites are defined as worth visiting.

4-6

♖ 영잘알_기본기 ( pedagogical tradition requiring raise obvious instrumental purposes establishing comprehension content maintaining disciplined conducive facilitating discussion.) The pedagogical tradition of *병렬구조⌈requiring⌋ students to raise their hands in class has the obvious instrumental purposes of establishing classroom order, *병렬구조⌈testing⌋ student comprehension of content by maintaining a disciplined climate conducive to answering questions, and *병렬구조⌈facilitating⌋ group discussion. 수업에서 학생에게 손을 들게 하는 교수법의 관례는 교실의 질서를 세우고, 질문에 대답하는 것에 도움이 되는 통제가 잘 된 분위기를 유지함으로써 학생들의 (수업) 내용의 이해도를 시험하고, 모둠 토론을 촉진시키는 분명한 도구적인 목적을 가진다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 The p_______ t_______ of r_______ students to r_______ their hands in class has the o_______ i_______ p_______ of e_______ classroom order, testing student c_______ of c_______ by m_______ a d_______ climate c_______ to answering questions, and f_______ group d_______.    The pedagogical [of / students / requiring / tradition] to raise [class / hands / their / in / has] the obvious [classroom / of / establishing / purposes / instrumental] order, testing [student / by / of / comprehension / content] maintaining a [and / group / climate / questions, / discussion / conducive / to / answering / disciplined / facilitating]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (Morally regulates inevitably involves issues fairness respect patience self control.) Morally, however, it regulates turn-taking which inevitably involves issues of fairness, respect for others, patience, and self-control. 그러나 도덕적으로 그것은 어쩔 수 없이 공정성, 타인에 대한 존중, 인내심 그리고 자제력의 문제들을 수반하는 돌아가면서 하는 것을 규제한다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 M_______, however, it r_______ turn - taking which i_______ i_______ i_______ of f_______, r_______ for others, p_______, and s_______ - c_______.    Morally, however, [it / turn-taking / which / regulates] inevitably involves [issues / of / respect / for / fairness,] others, patience, [self-control / and]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (navigates routine situations ethically .) How a teacher navigates in such routine situations is ethically significant. 교사가 그러한 일상의 상황에서 어떻게 처리하는지는 윤리적으로 중요하다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 How a teacher n_______ in such r_______ s_______ is e_______ significant.    How a [in / such / teacher / navigates] routine situations [ethically / significant / is]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (Thoughtlessly project image discriminates favours .) Thoughtlessly done, it may project the image of a teacher who discriminates, favours, or just does not care about students. 생각 없이 행해지면 그것은 차별하고, 부당하게 편들고 또는 그저 학생들에게 신경을 쓰지 않는 교사의 이미지를 보여 줄 수 있다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 T_______ done, it may p_______ the i_______ of a teacher who d_______, f_______, or just does not care about students.    Thoughtlessly done, [the / may / project / it] image of [who / favours, / teacher / a / discriminates,] or just [does / about / not / care / students]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (Thoughtfully carried enable ensure fair participation protect vocal encouragement vocal targeted abuse resent .) Thoughtfully carried out *동명사S/분사구문⌈, turn-taking⌋ may 5형식동사[ enable the teacher to ] ensure fair participation 상접[as well as] protect both the less vocal students who may need some gentle and kindly encouragement and the more vocal ones who may become targeted for abuse by other students who *1형식동사⌈grow to⌋ resent them. 신중하게 행해지면 돌아가면서 하는 것은 교사로 하여금 다정하고 친절한 격려가 필요할 수 있는 목소리를 덜 내는 학생들과 목소리를 더 내어서 그들을 싫어하게 된 다른 학생들의 괴롭힘의 대상이 될 수 있는 학생들 모두를 보호할 수 있게 할 뿐 아니라 공정한 참여를 확실히 할 수 있게 해 줄 수 있다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 T_______ c_______ out, turn - taking may e_______ the teacher to e_______ f_______ p_______ as well as p_______ both the less v_______ students who may need some gentle and kindly e_______ and the more v_______ ones who may become t_______ for a_______ by other students who grow to r_______ them.    Thoughtfully carried [enable / out, / may / turn-taking] the teacher [participation / to / fair / ensure / as] well as [both / protect / vocal / the / less] students who [need / may / gentle / and / some] kindly encouragement [and / vocal / students / grow / who / by / to / resent / for / them / the / other / ones / may / become / targeted / more / who / abuse]

♔ 집에 들어갔더니 쭈노가 문장을 이렇게 만들어 놓았다 The pedagogical tradition of requiring students to raise their hands in class has the obvious instrumental purposes of establishing classroom order, testing student comprehension of content by maintaining a disciplined climate conducive to answering questions, and facilitating group discussion. (     ) Morally, however, it regulates turn-taking which inevitably involves issues of fairness, respect for others, patience, and self-control. (     ) Thoughtfully carried out, turn-taking may enable the teacher to ensure fair participation as well as protect both the less vocal students who may need some gentle and kindly encouragement and the more vocal ones who may become targeted for abuse by other students who grow to resent them. (     ) How a teacher navigates in such routine situations is ethically significant. (     ) Thoughtlessly done, it may project the image of a teacher who discriminates, favours, or just does not care about students. (     )

4-7

♖ 영잘알_기본기 ( economic argument congestion charges established.) The basic economic argument for congestion charges is well established. 교통 혼잡 요금을 찬성하는 기본적인 경제적인 논거는 잘 확립되어 있다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 The basic e_______ a_______ for c_______ c_______ is well e_______.    The basic [for / congestion / argument / economic] charges is [well / established]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (nutshell increase volumes additional increasing costs occupants .) In a nutshell, it says that since travel times increase with traffic volumes, an additional car on the road slows down all other cars *동명사S/분사구문⌈, increasing⌋ time costs for all the occupants of all the cars. 아주 간단히 말하면, 그것은 교통량에 따라 이동 시간이 증가하기 때문에 도로상에 자동차 한 대가 추가되면 다른 모든 차량의 속도를 늦추게 되고 이것은 모든 자동차에 타고 있는 모든 사람들의 시간 비용을 증대시킨다는 것이다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 In a n_______, it says that since travel times i_______ with traffic v_______, an a_______ car on the road slows down all other cars, i_______ time c_______ for all the o_______ of all the cars.    In a [nutshell, / it / that / says] since travel [volumes, / traffic / times / increase / with] an additional [road / slows / on / the / car] down all [time / other / costs / increasing / cars,] for all [occupants / cars / all / of / the / the]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (decision occupants additional costs ( private internal costs).) The decision to travel made by the occupants of an additional car *수동태⌈is based⌋ on their own travel costs (their private or internal costs). 추가된 차량 한 대에 타고 있는 사람들이 하는 이동의 결정은 그들 자신의 이동 비용(그들의 개인적인 혹은 내부 비용)에 근거한다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 The d_______ to travel made by the o_______ of an a_______ car is based on their own travel c_______ (their p_______ or i_______ c_______).    The decision [by / made / to / travel] the occupants [car / of / is / additional / an] based on [their / own / costs / travel / (their] private or [costs) / internal]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (ignore increase costs ( external costs).) They ignore any increase in travel costs for all other car users (the external costs). 그들은 다른 모든 자동차 사용자들의 이동 비용(외부 비용)의 증가는 무시한다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 They i_______ any i_______ in travel c_______ for all other car users (the e_______ c_______).    They ignore [any / in / travel / increase] costs for [other / car / users / all / (the] external costs)

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (inefficient private costs social cost decision .) This is inefficient when private costs are below the full social cost of the decision to travel. 개인 비용이 이동 결정에 대한 전체 사회의 비용보다 낮을 때 이것은 비효율적이다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 This is i_______ when p_______ c_______ are below the full s_______ c_______ of the d_______ to travel.    This is [inefficient / private / when / costs] are below [cost / social / full / the / of] the decision [to / travel]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (decisions basis underestimates costs ( ) consumed.) When decisions are made on the basis of "underestimates" of costs, too much of a good (in this case, travel) will be consumed. 결정이 비용에 대한 '과소평가'에 근거해 내려지면 너무 많은 재화(이 경우, 이동)가 소비될 것이다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 When d_______ are made on the b_______ of "underestimates" of c_______, too much of a good (in this case, travel) will be c_______.    When decisions [made / the / on / are] basis of [too / "underestimates" / much / costs, / of] of a [case, / travel) / this / (in / good] will be [consumed]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (congestion charge intended confront costs imposed align private costs social costs.) A congestion charge *수동태⌈is intended⌋ to confront users with costs imposed on other users, *표현주의⌈so as to align⌋ private costs with social costs. 교통 혼잡 요금은 개인적인 비용과 사회적인 비용을 나란히 맞추기 위해 다른 사용자들에게 부과되는 비용에 사용자들이 직면하게 하도록 의도된 것이다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 A c_______ c_______ is i_______ to c_______ users with c_______ i_______ on other users, so as to a_______ p_______ c_______ with s_______ c_______.    A congestion [is / intended / charge / to] confront users [with / other / on / costs / imposed] users, so [align / private / to / as / costs] with social [costs]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (charge suppress demand reduce congestion increase surplus.) The charge will suppress part of demand, reduce congestion and increase surplus. 그 요금은 수요의 일부를 억제하고 교통 혼잡을 줄이고 이익을 늘리게 될 것이다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 The c_______ will s_______ part of d_______, r_______ c_______ and i_______ s_______.    The charge [of / will / part / suppress] demand, reduce [and / congestion / surplus / increase]

♔ 집에 들어갔더니 쭈노가 문장을 이렇게 만들어 놓았다 The basic economic argument for congestion charges is well established. (     ) They ignore any increase in travel costs for all other car users (the external costs). (     ) When decisions are made on the basis of "underestimates" of costs, too much of a good (in this case, travel) will be consumed. (     ) In a nutshell, it says that since travel times increase with traffic volumes, an additional car on the road slows down all other cars, increasing time costs for all the occupants of all the cars. (     ) A congestion charge is intended to confront users with costs imposed on other users, so as to align private costs with social costs. (     ) This is inefficient when private costs are below the full social cost of the decision to travel. (     ) The decision to travel made by the occupants of an additional car is based on their own travel costs (their private or internal costs). (     ) The charge will suppress part of demand, reduce congestion and increase surplus.

4-8

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (Historians approaches vary enormously disciplinary features .) Historians' approaches to the past vary enormously, but some common disciplinary features unite them. 과거에 대한 역사학자들의 접근법은 매우 다양하지만, 몇 가지 공통된 학문적인 특징이 그것들을 묶어 준다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 H_______' a_______ to the past v_______ e_______, but some common d_______ f_______ unite them.    Historians' approaches [vary / the / past / to] enormously, but [features / some / common / disciplinary / unite] them

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (limits historians evidence evidence survived.) *Xvs구문⌈There are limits⌋ to what historians can study: they can study only parts of the past that left evidence behind and for which evidence has survived. 역사학자들이 연구할 수 있는 것에는 제한이 있는데, 증거를 뒤에 남겼고 증거가 존속되어 온 과거 시기의 일부만을 연구할 수 있는 것이다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 There are l_______ to what h_______ can study: they can study only parts of the past that left e_______ behind and for which e_______ has s_______.    There are [what / limits / to / historians] can study: [they / study / only / can / parts] of the [evidence / that / past / left / behind] and for [which / survived / has / evidence]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (dominant evidence documentary government archives private published materials consulted forms source.) The dominant type of evidence has been documentary: government archives, private papers, newspapers and published materials have long been the most consulted forms of source. 증거의 주요한 유형은 기록물 형태였는데, 예컨대 정부 기록 문서, 개인 서류, 신문, 출판물이 오랫동안 가장 많이 참조된 형태의 자료였다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 The d_______ type of e_______ has been d_______: g_______ a_______, p_______ papers, newspapers and p_______ m_______ have long been the most c_______ f_______ of s_______.    The dominant [type / of / evidence / has] been documentary: [government / private / newspapers / archives, / papers,] and published [long / the / materials / have / been] most consulted [of / forms / source]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (range broadened historians happy artefacts buildings visual evidence oral testimony sources.) The range has recently broadened, and many historians are now happy to use artefacts *동명사S/분사구문⌈, building⌋s, visual evidence, oral testimony and many other non-written sources. 최근 그 범위는 확대되었는데, 많은 역사학자들이 이제는 인공물, 건물, 시각적 증거물, 구두 증언과 글로 쓰이지 않은 많은 다른 자료를 기꺼이 사용하고 있다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 The r_______ has recently b_______, and many h_______ are now h_______ to use a_______, b_______, v_______ e_______, o_______ t_______ and many other non - written s_______.    The range [recently / has / broadened, / and] many historians [use / to / happy / now / are] artefacts, buildings, [oral / and / evidence, / testimony / visual] many other [non-written / sources]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (evidence evidence historians function.) However, regardless of the type of evidence, the point is that without evidence, historians cannot function. 그러나 증거의 유형과 무관하게 중요한 점은 증거가 없으면 역사학자들은 제대로 기능할 수 없다는 것이다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 However, regardless of the type of e_______, the point is that without e_______, h_______ cannot f_______.    However, regardless [of / type / the / of] evidence, the [evidence, / without / that / is / point] historians cannot [function]

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (history driven discovery evidence period studied analysis interpretation.) So all studies of history are driven by the discovery of evidence from the period *표현주의⌈being⌋ studied, and its analysis and interpretation. 그러므로 모든 역사 연구는 연구되는 시기로부터의 증거를 발견하고, 그것을 분석하고 해석함으로써 추진된다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 So all studies of h_______ are d_______ by the d_______ of e_______ from the p_______ being s_______, and its a_______ and i_______.    So all [of / are / studies / history] driven by [the / evidence / from / of / discovery] the period [studied, / analysis / and / being / its] and interpretation

♖ 영잘알_기본기 (Historians aim describe explain link wider contexts passage .) Historians aim to describe what happened, explain how and why it happened, and link past events to wider contexts and the passage of time. 역사학자들은 어떤 일이 일어났는지 기술하고, 그 일이 어떻게, 왜 일어났는지 설명하고, 과거의 사건을 더 넓은 맥락과 시간의 흐름과 연결 짓는 것을 목표로 한다. ♕ 연습이 손흥민을 만들었다 H_______ a_______ to d_______ what happened, e_______ how and why it happened, and l_______ past events to w_______ c_______ and the p_______ of time.    Historians aim [describe / to / happened, / what] explain how [and / it / and / happened, / why] link past [and / to / wider / events / contexts] the passage [of / time]

♔ 집에 들어갔더니 쭈노가 문장을 이렇게 만들어 놓았다 Historians' approaches to the past vary enormously, but some common disciplinary features unite them. (     ) However, regardless of the type of evidence, the point is that without evidence, historians cannot function. (     ) The dominant type of evidence has been documentary: government archives, private papers, newspapers and published materials have long been the most consulted forms of source. (     ) So all studies of history are driven by the discovery of evidence from the period being studied, and its analysis and interpretation. (     ) There are limits to what historians can study: they can study only parts of the past that left evidence behind and for which evidence has survived. (     ) The range has recently broadened, and many historians are now happy to use artefacts, buildings, visual evidence, oral testimony and many other non-written sources. (     ) Historians aim to describe what happened, explain how and why it happened, and link past events to wider contexts and the passage of time.