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THE BLUET 1712 | Since 2005 임희재 블루티쳐 | 01033383436 | wayne.tistory.com | wayne36@daum.net | 191021 14:11:00

Text Analysis
1712-38

1. In 1996, as construction workers cleared a site in downtown Athens for the foundations of a new Museum of Modern Art, they found traces of a large structure sitting on the bedrock. {9.2 = 9.2 + 0 + 0}
1996년 건설 노동자들이 새로운 현대 미술관의 토대를 위해 아테네 시내에 한 장소를 치웠을 때 /, 그들은 그 암반 위에 있는 커다란 구조물의 흔적들을 발견했다.
▢ cleared:① 밝은 ② 투명한 ▢ foundations:① 재단 ② 기반 ▢ structure:① 구조 ② 구성하다 ▢ traces:① 자취 ② 자취
ⓝ they ⓟ In in for of of of on


2. A building had occupied this same spot some two-and-a-half thousand years earlier, when it was part of a wooded sanctuary outside the original city walls, on the banks of the River Ilissos. {14.9 = 12.9 + 2 + 0}
약 2,500년 전에 한 건물이 이와 같은 장소를 차지했었고, 그때 그것은 Ilissos 강둑에 위치한 본래의 도시 성벽들 밖에 있는 숲이 우거진 신전의 일부였다.
▢ occupied:① 차지하다 ② 끌다 ▢ sanctuary:① 보호구역 ② 성역 ▢ wooded:① 나무에 덮인 ② 숲이 있는
ⓖ 관피 ⓖ 해드피 ⓥ occupi↔unoccupi ⓥ outside↔inside ⓝ it ⓟ of outside on of


3. The excavation uncovered the remains of a gymnasium, a wrestling arena, changing rooms and baths. {14.4 = 12.4 + 2 + 0}
발굴 작업은 체육관, 레슬링 경기장, 탈의실 그리고 욕조의 유적을 찾아냈다.
▢ arena:① 장 ② 영역 ▢ excavation:① 발굴 ② 출토품 ▢ gymnasium:① 체육관 ② 경기장 ▢ uncovered:① 폭로된 ② 모자를 벗은
ⓖ 관잉 ⓖ 콤잉 ⓥ excavation↔cover ⓥ remain↔disappear ⓥ uncover↔cover ⓟ of


4. This had been a place for athletics and exercise, where the young men of Athens had trained to become soldiers and citizens. {4.9 = 2.9 + 2 + 0}
그곳은 운동 경기와 운동을 위한 장소였고, 그곳에서 아테네의 젊은이들이 군인과 시민이 되기 위해 훈련했었다.
ⓖ 콤웨어 ⓖ 해드피 ⓟ for of


5. But it was more than just a centre for physical improvement. {4.2 = 3.2 + 0 + 1}
하지만 그곳은 단순히 신체의 향상을 위한 중심지 이상이었다.
▢ centre:① 센터 ② 중심
Ⓟ more than:1.이상으로 2.더 3.넘는 4.보다 5.전부터 ⓥ more↔less ⓝ it ⓟ forⓒ But ⓘ But


6. The archaeologists soon realised that they had found one of the most significant sites in all of western European intellectual culture, a site referred to continually by history's greatest philosophers: the Lyceum of Aristotle. {17.3 = 11.3 + 3 + 3}
고고학자들은 자신들이 모든 서부 유럽의 지식 문화에서 가장 중요한 장소 중 한 곳, 즉 역사상 가장 위대한 철학자들에 의해 계속 언급되는 장소인 아리스토텔레스의 Lyceum(아리스토텔레스가 철학을 가르치던 학교)을 발견했음을 곧 깨달았다.
▢ continually:① 계속해서 ② 지속적으로 ▢ intellectual:① 지적인 ② 지식인 ▢ realised: =realize ▢ referred:① 조회하다 ② 지시하다 ▢ significant:① 중요한 ② 상당한
Ⓟ all of:1.충분히 … 2.…정도도 3.단지 ⓖ 동전 ⓖ 원오복 ⓖ 해드피 ⓥ significant↔insignificant ⓝ they ⓟ of in of by of


7. It was the world's first university. {0.8 = 0.8 + 0 + 0}
그것은 바로 세계의 첫 번째 대학이었다.
ⓝ It


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1712-39

1. The liberalization of capital markets, where funds for investment can be borrowed, has been an important contributor to the pace of globalization. {13.2 = 10.2 + 3 + 0}
투자를 위한 자금을 빌릴 수 있는 자본 시장의 자유화는 세계화 속도에 중요한 기여 요인이었다.
▢ borrowed:① 차용한 ② 빌린 ▢ contributor:① 기여 ② 공헌자 ▢ funds:① 자금 ② 소지금 ▢ globalization:① 세계화 ② 국제화 ▢ investment:① 투자 ② 출자 ▢ liberalization:① 자유화 ② 자유주의화
ⓖ 먼동사 ⓖ 이디콤 ⓖ 콤웨어 ⓥ investment↔investigation ⓟ of for of


2. Since the 1970s there has been a trend towards a freer flow of capital across borders. {3.9 = 2.9 + 1 + 0}
1970년대 이후로 국경을 넘나드는 더 자유로운 자본 흐름을 향한 추세가 있었다.
ⓖ 특전 ⓥ flow↔hold ⓟ towards of across


3. Current economic theory suggests that this should aid development. {3.8 = 2.8 + 0 + 1}
현재의 경제 이론은 이것이 발전에 도움이 될 것임을 시사한다.
▢ economic:① 경제의 ② 경기의 ▢ theory:① 이론 ② 견해
ⓥ aid↔unaid


4. Developing countries have limited domestic savings with which to invest in growth, and liberalization allows them to tap into a global pool of funds. {13.4 = 8.4 + 4 + 1}
개발 도상국은 성장에 투자하기에 제한된 국내 저축을 가지고 있고, 자유화는 그들이 국제 공동 자금을 이용하도록 허용한다.
▢ domestic:① 국내의 ② 내수 ▢ funds:① 자금 ② 소지금 ▢ invest:① 투자하다 ② 투입하다 ▢ liberalization:① 자유화 ② 자유주의화 ▢ limited:① 한정된 ② 제한을 받은
Ⓟ tap into:1.…을 활용하다 2.…에게 접근하다 3.친해지다 ⓖ 5형식 ⓖ 전접 ⓖ 첫잉콤 ⓖ 햅피 ⓥ allow↔prohibit ⓥ domestic↔exotic ⓥ growth↔decrease ⓥ invest↔investigat ⓥ limit↔unlimit ⓥ limited↔limitless ⓝ them ⓟ with in into of


5. A global capital market also allows investors greater scope to manage and spread their risks. {7.9 = 4.9 + 2 + 1}
국제 자본 시장은 또한 투자자들에게 자신들의 위험을 관리하고 분산시킬 수 있는 더 큰 범위를 허용한다.
▢ investors:투자자 ▢ manage:① 관리하다 ② 운영하다 ▢ scope:① 범위 ② 영역
Ⓟ capital market:1.자본 시장 2.장기 금융 시장 ⓖ 5형식 ⓖ 앤동 ⓥ allow↔prohibit ⓥ manage↔fail ⓝ theirⓘ also


6. However, some say that a freer flow of capital has raised the risk of financial instability. {8.0 = 6.0 + 1 + 1}
하지만 어떤 사람들은 더 자유로운 자본의 흐름이 재정적 불안정성의 위험을 증가시켰다고 말한다.
▢ financial:① 금융의 ② 경제의 ▢ instability:① 불안정한 성질 ② 변하기 쉬움
ⓖ 햅피 ⓥ flow↔hold ⓥ raise↔lower ⓟ of ofⓒ However ⓘ However


7. The East Asian crisis of the late 1990s came in the wake of this kind of liberalization. {6.8 = 5.8 + 1 + 0}
1990년대 후반의 동아시아 위기는 이러한 종류의 자유화의 결과로 발생했다.
▢ crisis:① 위기 ② 문제 ▢ liberalization:① 자유화 ② 자유주의화
Ⓟ in the wake of:1.이후 2.여파로 3.결과로 4.따라 5.계기로 ⓖ 동부 ⓟ of in of of


8. Without a strong financial system and a sound regulatory environment, capital market globalization can sow the seeds of instability in economies rather than growth. {14.2 = 13.2 + 0 + 1}
강한 재정 시스템과 건전한 규제 환경이 없다면, 자본 시장 세계화는 성장보다는 경제에 불안정성의 씨를 뿌릴 수 있다.
▢ economies:① 할인 가격으로 ② 경제적인 ▢ financial:① 금융의 ② 경제의 ▢ globalization:① 세계화 ② 국제화 ▢ instability:① 불안정한 성질 ② 변하기 쉬움 ▢ regulatory:① 규제의 ② 조정력을 가진 ▢ sow:① 뿌리다 ② 암퇘지
Ⓟ capital market:1.자본 시장 2.장기 금융 시장 ⓥ growth↔decrease ⓥ strong↔vulnerable ⓟ Without of in


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1712-40

1. Power distance is the term used to refer to how widely an unequal distribution of power is accepted by the members of a culture. {11.0 = 8.0 + 3 + 0}
'권력 거리'는 권력의 불평등한 분배가 한 문화의 구성원들에 의해 얼마나 널리 수용되는지를 나타내는 데 사용되는 용어이다.
▢ distribution:① 분포 ② 분배 ▢ term:① 임기 ② 용어 ▢ unequal:① 불공평한 ② 동등하지 않은
ⓖ 동전 ⓖ 비피- ⓖ 피전 ⓥ accept↔reject ⓥ distribution↔concentration ⓥ unequal↔equal ⓟ of by of


2. It relates to the degree to which the less powerful members of a society accept their inequality in power and consider it the norm. {11.3 = 9.3 + 2 + 0}
그것은 권력이 더 적은 사회 구성원들이 그들의 권력에서의 불평등을 수용하고 그것을 규범으로 여기는 정도와 관계가 있다.
▢ inequality:① 불평등 ② 불균형 ▢ norm:① 규범 ② 기준 ▢ relates:① ~을 이야기하다 ② ~을 관련시키다
ⓖ 앤동 ⓖ 전접 ⓥ accept↔reject ⓥ inequality↔equality ⓥ less↔more ⓥ relate↔dissociate ⓝ It their it ⓟ of in


3. In cultures with high acceptance of power distance (e.g., India, Brazil, Greece, Mexico, and the Philippines), people are not viewed as equals, and everyone has a clearly defined or allocated place in the social hierarchy. {10.9 = 8.9 + 2 + 0}
권력 거리에 대한 높은 수용의 문화들(예를 들어, 인도, 브라질, 그리스, 멕시코 그리고 필리핀)에서, 사람들은 평등한 것으로 여겨지지 않으며, 모든 사람이 사회 계층 내에서 명확하게 정해지거나 할당된 위치를 가진다.
▢ acceptance:① 수용 ② 받아들임 ▢ allocated:① ~을 떼어 놓다 ② ~의 위치를 정하다 ▢ defined:정의된 ▢ equals:① 동등한 사람 ② 동배 ▢ hierarchy:① 계급 제도 ② 계층제
ⓖ 올동 ⓖ 의미 ⓥ acceptance↔rejection ⓥ defin↔undefin ⓥ defined↔undefined ⓥ equal↔different ⓟ In with of in


4. In cultures with low acceptance of power distance (e.g., Finland, Norway, New Zealand, and Israel), people believe inequality should be minimal, and a hierarchical division is viewed as one of convenience only. {18.1 = 16.1 + 0 + 2}
권력 거리에 대한 낮은 수용의 문화들(예를 들어, 핀란드, 노르웨이, 뉴질랜드 그리고 이스라엘)에서는, 사람들은 불평등이 최소여야만 한다고 믿으며, 계층적 구분은 오직 편의상 구분으로서만 여겨진다.
▢ acceptance:① 수용 ② 받아들임 ▢ convenience:① 편의 ② 편리 ▢ division:① ...부 ② 분단 ▢ hierarchical:① 계급제의 ② 성직자 위계제의 ▢ inequality:① 불평등 ② 불균형 ▢ minimal:① 최소의 ② 아주 작은
Ⓟ as one:1.하나로 2.일치하여 ⓥ acceptance↔rejection ⓥ convenience↔inconvenience ⓥ division↔unity ⓥ low↔high ⓥ hierarchical↔nonhierarchical ⓥ inequality↔equality ⓥ minimal↔maximal ⓟ In with of of


5. In these cultures, there is more fluidity within the social hierarchy, and it is relatively easy for individuals to move up the social hierarchy based on their individual efforts and achievements. {15.3 = 13.3 + 2 + 0}
이러한 문화에서는 사회 계층 내에서의 더 많은 유동성이 있으며, 개인이 그들의 개인적 노력과 성취를 토대로 사회 계층을 상승시키는 것이 상대적으로 쉽다.
▢ achievements:① 성취 ② 업적 ▢ fluidity:① 유동질 ② 유동 ▢ hierarchy:① 계급 제도 ② 계층제 ▢ individual:① 개인의 ② 개별의 ▢ relatively:① 비교적으로 ② 상대적으로
Ⓟ move up:1.승진하다 2.앞당기다 3.승진시키다 ⓖ 잇포투 ⓖ 피전 ⓥ more↔less ⓝ it their ⓟ In within for on


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1712-4142

1. In 2009, Emily Holmes asked a group of adults to watch a video featuring "eleven clips of traumatic content including graphic real scenes of human surgery and fatal road traffic accidents. {16.1 = 13.1 + 3 + 0}
2009년 Emily Holmes는 한 집단의 성인들에게 '사람의 수술과 치명적인 교통사고의 생생한 실제 장면을 포함한 트라우마를 일으키는 내용의 열한 개 영상'을 다루고 있는 비디오를 보라고 요청했다.
▢ content:① 콘텐츠 ② 내용 ▢ fatal:① 치명적인 ② 죽음에 이르는 ▢ featuring:① 보여준 ② 등장 ▢ traumatic:① 외상의 ② 손상
ⓖ 5형식 ⓖ 5형식 ⓖ 관명잉 ⓥ content↔contend ⓟ In of of of


2. "This was their trauma simulation, and the participants were indeed traumatized. {10.5 = 8.5 + 1 + 1}
이것은 그들에게 트라우마 모의 실험이었고, 참가자들은 실제로 트라우마를 갖게 되었다.
▢ indeed:① 정말로 ② 사실은 ▢ participants:① 참가자 ② 참여자 ▢ simulation:① 모의 실험 ② 가장 ▢ trauma:① 정신적 충격 ② 외상 ▢ traumatized:심적 외상을 입은
ⓖ 이디끝 ⓝ their


3. Before watching the video, they reported feeling calm and relaxed. {5.9 = 1.9 + 4 + 0}
그 비디오를 보기 전에 그들은 평온하고 편안함을 느꼈다고 이야기했다.
▢ reported:① 보고 ② 성적 보고서
ⓖ 동형 ⓖ 감정분사 ⓖ 부접잉 ⓖ 앤동 ⓝ they ⓟ Before


4. ; afterward they were disturbed and anxious. {2.2 = 2.2 + 0 + 0}
하지만 그 이후에 그들은 불안하고 초조했다.
▢ afterward:① 그후 ② 곧 이어 ▢ anxious:① 불안한 ② 하고 싶어하는 ▢ disturbed:① 수면을 방해하다 ② 방해하다
ⓝ they


5. Holmes forced the adults to wait for thirty minutes. {2.6 = 1.6 + 1 + 0}
Holmes는 성인들이 30분을 기다리도록 만들었다.
ⓖ 5형식 ⓟ for


6. Then, half the participants played a block-matching puzzle video game for ten minutes, while the other half sat quietly. {5.8 = 3.8 + 1 + 1}
그러고 나서 참가자 중 절반은 10분 동안 블록 맞추기 퍼즐 비디오 게임을 한 반면 나머지 절반은 조용히 앉아 있었다.
▢ participants:① 참가자 ② 참여자
Ⓟ other half:1.나머지 절반은 2.다른 나머지는 ⓖ 명빼잉 ⓟ for


7. The adults went home for a week, and recorded their thoughts in a daily diary. {3.2 = 2.2 + 1 + 0}
성인들은 집으로 가서 일주일을 보냈고 일기에 자신들의 생각을 기록했다.
ⓖ 앤동 ⓝ their ⓟ for in


8. Once a day they recalled the scenes from the video that replayed in their minds. {5.5 = 5.5 + 0 + 0}
하루에 한 번씩 그들은 자신의 마음속에 재현되는 비디오 장면들을 생각해 냈다.
▢ recalled:① ~을 상기하다 ② 회수하다 ▢ replayed:① 재시합 ② 재현
Ⓟ a day:1.개시 예정일 2.Able Day ⓝ they their ⓟ from in


9. Those who had sat quietly after watching the video experienced an average of six flashbacks; those who had played the game experienced an average of fewer than three. {11.0 = 7.0 + 4 + 0}
비디오를 본 후에 조용히 앉아 있었던 사람들은 평균 6개의 회상 장면을 경험했으나, 그 게임을 했던 사람들은 평균 3개보다 적은 수의 회상 장면을 경험했다.
▢ flashbacks:① 플래시백 ② 회상 장면
ⓖ 부접잉 ⓖ 주설 ⓖ 특형 ⓖ 해드피 ⓥ fewer↔lesser ⓟ of of


10. The video game, with its colors and music and rotating blocks, prevented the initial traumatic memories from solidifying. {11.6 = 9.6 + 2 + 0}
색깔과 음악 그리고 회전하는 블록들이 있는 그 비디오 게임이 트라우마를 일으키는 초기 기억들이 굳어지는 것을 막았다.
▢ initial:① 초기의 ② 원래의 ▢ rotating:① 회전하다 ② 순환하다 ▢ solidifying:① 응고시키다 ② 단결시키다 ▢ traumatic:① 외상의 ② 손상
ⓖ 잉끝 ⓖ 콤피 ⓥ prevent↔predict ⓝ its ⓟ with from


11. The game soaked up the mental attention that might have otherwise moved those horrific memories to long-term memory, and so they were stored imperfectly or not at all. {14.2 = 13.2 + 1 + 0}
그 게임이 만약 그렇지 않았으면(그 게임을 하지 않았으면) 그 끔찍한 기억들을 장기기억으로 옮겼을지도 모르는 정신적 주의력을 흡수했고, 따라서 그것들은 불완전하게 저장되거나 전혀 저장되지 않았다.
▢ horrific:① 무서운 ② 끔찍한 ▢ imperfectly:불완전하게 ▢ otherwise:① 그렇지 않으면 ② 다른 ▢ soaked:① 흠뻑 젖은 ② 「~이 스며든」의 뜻 ▢ term:① 임기 ② 용어
ⓖ 햅피 ⓥ soak↔undercharg ⓝ they ⓟ at


12. At the end of the week, the adults returned to the lab, and those who had been lucky enough to play the game reported fewer psychiatric symptoms. {9.3 = 7.3 + 2 + 0}
그 주의 끝에 성인들은 실험실로 돌아왔고 운 좋게 그 게임을 할 수 있었던 사람들은 더 적은 수의 정신병적 증상들을 이야기했다.
▢ lab:① 연구실 ② 실험실 ▢ psychiatric:① 정신 의학의 ② 정신과의 ▢ reported:① 보고 ② 성적 보고서 ▢ symptoms:① 징후 ② 증상
Ⓟ play the game:1.규칙에 따라 행동하다 2.정정당당하게 행동하다 3.공명정대하게 하다 ⓖ 투부정사 ⓖ 특형 ⓥ fewer↔lesser ⓥ enough to↔insufficient to ⓟ At of


13. The video game had functioned as a "cognitive vaccine," the researchers explained. {8.9 = 6.9 + 2 + 0}
그 게임이 '인지적 백신'으로서 기능을 하였다고 연구자들이 설명했다.
▢ cognitive:① 인식의 ② 인지의 ▢ functioned:① 기능 ② 의식 ▢ vaccine:백신
Ⓟ video game:비디오 게임 ⓖ 이디끝 ⓖ 해드피


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1712-4345

1. Justin was driving on a lonely stretch of farm road when all of a sudden he lost concentration, and his car ended up in a ditch. {5.0 = 4.0 + 1 + 0}
Justin이 인적이 드문 길게 뻗어 있는 시골길에서 운전하다가 그때 갑자기 집중력을 잃었고 그의 차가 도랑에 빠지고 말았다.
▢ concentration:① 농축 ② 집중 ▢ ditch:① 버리다 ② 도랑
Ⓟ all of:1.충분히 … 2.…정도도 3.단지 ⓖ 부전 ⓥ concentration↔dilution ⓥ stretch↔contract ⓝ he his ⓟ on of of in


2. Unable to reverse the vehicle from its plight, he did the next best thing and headed for help at a nearby farmhouse. {8.9 = 7.9 + 1 + 0}
곤경으로부터 차를 후진시킬 수 없어서 그는 차선책을 택했고 도움을 받기 위해 가까운 농가로 향했다.
▢ plight:① 곤경 ② 역경 ▢ reverse:① 반대의 ② 뒤집다 ▢ vehicle:① 차량 ② 자동차
Ⓟ next best:차선의 ⓖ 앤동 ⓥ reverse↔forward ⓝ its he ⓟ from for at


3. Justin was greeted by an old farmer. {0.8 = 0.8 + 0 + 0}
한 늙은 농부가 Justin을 맞이했다.
ⓟ by


4. After listening to what had happened, he nodded and said, "Don't worry, Old Warrick will get you out. {5.4 = 2.4 + 3 + 0}
무슨 일이 있었는지 듣고 난 후, 그(farmer)는 고개를 끄덕이며 말했다, "걱정하지 마시게, Old Warrick이 자네를 꺼내 줄 것이라네.
Ⓟ get you:1.그래 장하다 2.잘났다 3.같잖군 ⓖ 부접잉 ⓖ 이디콤 ⓖ 해드피 ⓝ he


5. "The farmer then led him to the barn at the back. {1.1 = 1.1 + 0 + 0}
"그 농부는 그러고 나서 그를 뒤편에 있는 헛간으로 데리고 갔다.
ⓝ him ⓟ at


6. There stood his donkey, which looked as old and weathered as the farmer. {6.7 = 4.7 + 2 + 0}
거기에는 그 농부만큼 늙고 노쇠해 보이는 그(farmer)의 당나귀가 서 있었다.
▢ weathered:① 풍화된 ② 비바람을 맞은
ⓖ 앤동 ⓖ 콤위치 ⓝ his


7. There was no other choice;. {0.9 = 0.9 + 0 + 0}
다른 선택의 여지가 없었다.


8. there was just this octogenarian and his equally old donkey. {4.1 = 4.1 + 0 + 0}
이 80대의 노인과 그와 똑같이 늙은 당나귀만 있었다.
▢ octogenarian:① 80세의 ② 80세의 사람
ⓝ his


9. The farmer ― with the donkey, a rope, and Justin ― made his way slowly to the stranded vehicle. {7.3 = 6.3 + 1 + 0}
농부는 당나귀와 밧줄 그리고 Justin과 함께 그 꼼짝 못하게 된 차가 있는 곳으로 천천히 그(farmer)의 길을 나아갔다.
▢ stranded:① 묶인 ② 오도가도 못하는 ▢ vehicle:① 차량 ② 자동차
ⓖ 관피 ⓝ his ⓟ with


10. When they arrived there, the farmer tied one end of the rope to the car and the other to the donkey and began to shout, "Pull John, Pull Steve, Pull Mike, Pull Warrick!" {5.2 = 4.2 + 1 + 0}
그들이 그곳에 도착했을 때 / 그 농부는 밧줄의 한쪽 끝은 차에, 다른 한쪽은 당나귀에 묶고 "당겨 John, 당겨 Steve, 당겨 Mike, 당겨 Warrick"이라고 소리치기 시작했다.
ⓖ 먼동사 ⓝ they ⓟ of


11. As soon as the farmer said, "Pull Warrick" the donkey heaved and pulled the car out of the ditch, much to Justin's delight. {8.8 = 6.8 + 2 + 0}
농부가 "당겨 Warrick"이라고 말하자마자 그 당나귀는 끌어당겼고 Justin이 매우 기쁘게도 차를 도랑에서 빼냈다.
▢ delight:① 기쁘게 하다 ② 기쁨 ▢ ditch:① 버리다 ② 도랑 ▢ heaved:① 올리다 ② ~을 움직이다
Ⓟ as soon as:1.…하자 곧 2.…하자마자 ⓖ 부전 ⓖ 앤동 ⓥ pull↔push ⓟ out of


12. He patted the donkey and thanked the old farmer. {3.9 = 3.9 + 0 + 0}
그(Justin)는 당나귀를 쓰다듬었고 늙은 농부에게 감사했다.
▢ patted:① 가볍게 두드리다 ② 가벼운 발소리를 내다
ⓝ He


13. When he was just going to move off to get into his car, Justin stopped, turned to the old man, and asked, "Tell me, sir, why did you have to call on all those names before giving Old Warrick the instruction to pull the car out of the ditch? {14.3 = 7.3 + 6 + 1}
그가 자신의 차에 타기 위해 막 떠나려고 할 때 /, Justin은 멈춰서 노인을 향해 "어르신, Old Warrick에게 도랑에서 차를 끌어내라고 지시를 내리기 전에 왜 모든 그 이름들을 불러야만 했는지 말씀해 주시겠어요"라고 물었다.
▢ ditch:① 버리다 ② 도랑 ▢ instruction:① 교육 ② 지시
Ⓟ call on:1.…을 방문하다 2.부탁하다 3.요구하다 ⓖ 부전 ⓖ 부전 ⓖ 부접잉 ⓖ 앤동 ⓖ 이디콤 ⓖ 콤피 ⓥ pull↔push ⓝ he his ⓟ off into on before out of


14. "He smiled and replied, "You see, Old Warrick is very old ― his eyesight is almost gone, his hearing isn't that good, and he struggles to eat and walk ― but as long as he believes he is a part of a team, he can do great things." {11.5 = 7.5 + 4 + 0}
그(farmer)는 웃으며 "알다시피 Old Warrick은 매우 늙어 시력을 거의 잃었고, 청력이 그렇게 좋지 않고 먹고 걷는 것도 간신히 한다네, 그러나 그가 자신이 팀의 일부라고 믿는 한 그는 훌륭한 일들을 해낼 수 있다네"라고 대답했다.
▢ eyesight:① 시력 ② 시야 ▢ struggles:① 버둥거리다 ② 분투하다
Ⓟ as long as:1.하는 한 2.…과 동일한 기간 3.…만큼 ⓖ 긴부접 ⓖ 동전 ⓖ 앤동 ⓖ 피콤 ⓝ He his his he he he he ⓟ of


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THE BLUET 1712 | Since 2005 임희재 블루티쳐 | 01033383436 | wayne.tistory.com | wayne36@daum.net | 191021 14:11:00

Text Analysis
1712-33

1. Veblen goods are named after Thorstein Veblen, a US economist who formulated the theory of "conspicuous consumption". {10.2 = 10.2 + 0 + 0}
베블런재(Veblen goods)는 '과시적 소비' 이론을 만들어낸 미국의 경제학자인 Thorstein Veblen의 이름을 따서 지어졌다.
▢ conspicuous:① 과시적 ② 눈에 띄는 ▢ consumption:① 소비 ② 소비량 ▢ economist:① 경제학자 ② 경제전문가 ▢ formulated:① ~을 명확히 나타내다 ② ~을 고안하다 ▢ theory:① 이론 ② 견해
ⓥ conspicuous↔inconspicuous ⓟ of


2. They are strange because demand for them increases as their price rises. {3.4 = 2.4 + 0 + 1}
그것들(베블런재)은 그 가격이 상승함에 따라 그것들에 대한 수요가 증가하기 때문에 이상하다.
▢ demand:① 요구하다 ② 수요
ⓥ demand↔supply ⓥ increase↔decrease ⓥ strange↔acquaintance ⓝ They them their ⓟ forⓘ They


3. According to Veblen, these goods must signal high status. {4.9 = 1.9 + 1 + 2}
Veblen에 따르면 이러한 물건(베블런재)들은 높은 지위를 나타내야 한다.
▢ status:① 상태 ② 지위
Ⓟ according to:1.따르면 2.의하면 3....고 하다 ⓖ 의미 ⓟ According to


4. A willingness to pay higher prices is due to a desire to advertise wealth rather than to acquire better quality. {8.4 = 6.4 + 2 + 0}
기꺼이 더 높은 가격을 지불하고자 함은 더 나은 품질을 얻기보다는 부유함을 드러내고자 하는 욕망에 기인한다.
▢ acquire:① 얻다 ② 인수하다 ▢ advertise:① 광고하다 ② 홍보하다 ▢ desire:① 욕망 ② 싶다 ▢ willingness:① 의사 ② 의지
Ⓟ due to:1.인해 2.때문에 3.위해 4.이유로 5.덕분에 ⓖ 긴전치사 ⓖ 비교급 ⓥ acquire↔require ⓥ better↔worse ⓥ quality↔quantity ⓥ willingness↔hesitation


5. A true Veblen good, therefore, should not be noticeably higher quality than the lower-priced equivalents. {11.2 = 8.2 + 1 + 2}
그러므로 진정한 베블런재는 더 저렴한 가격의 동등한 물건보다 눈에 띄게 더 높은 품질이지는 않을 것이다.
▢ equivalents:① 해당하는 ② 맞먹는 ▢ noticeably:① 두드러지게 ② 현저하게
ⓖ 명빼이디 ⓥ lower↔higher ⓥ equivalent↔unequal ⓥ lower↔elevate ⓥ quality↔quantity ⓒ therefore ⓘ therefore


6. If the price falls so much that it is no longer high enough to exclude the less well off, the rich will stop buying it. {11.8 = 4.8 + 6 + 1}
만약 그 가격이 너무 많이 하락하여 덜 부유한 사람들을 배제할 정도로 가격이 더 이상 높지 않다면, 부자들은 그것을 사는 것을 중단할 것이다.
▢ exclude:① 제외하다 ② 배제하다
Ⓟ no longer:1.더 이상 …이 아닌 2.이미 …아니다 3.더 이상…않다 ⓖ 댓 ⓖ 부사절시제 ⓖ 시제다름 ⓖ 의미 ⓖ 전콤 ⓖ 투부정사 ⓥ exclude↔admit ⓥ enough to↔insufficient to ⓥ fall↔arise ⓥ less↔more ⓝ it it ⓟ off


7. There is much evidence of this behavior in the markets for luxury cars, champagne, watches, and certain clothing labels. {3.9 = 3.9 + 0 + 0}
고급 차, 샴페인, 시계 그리고 특정 의류 브랜드 시장에는 이러한 행동에 대한 많은 증거가 있다.
▢ labels:① 라벨 ② 쇠시리 ▢ luxury:① 고급의 ② 명품
ⓥ behavior↔misbehavior ⓥ certain↔uncertain ⓟ of in for


8. A reduction in prices might see a temporary increase in sales for the seller, but then sales will begin to fall. {4.9 = 3.9 + 1 + 0}
가격 하락은 판매자들에게는 일시적인 판매량의 상승을 보일 수 있으나, 그 이후에는 판매량이 하락하기 시작할 것이다.
▢ increase:① 증가하다 ② 늘리다 ▢ temporary:① 일시적인 ② 임시의
Ⓟ but then:1.그러나 한편으로는 2.그렇다 치더라도 3.그렇지만 ⓖ 5형식 ⓥ fall↔arise ⓥ increase↔decrease ⓥ temporary↔permanent ⓟ in in for


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1712-34

1. Although the property of brain plasticity is most obvious during development, the brain remains changeable throughout the life span. {12.2 = 11.2 + 1 + 0}
뇌 가소성이라는 특성이 발달 과정 동안 가장 뚜렷함에도 불구하고, 뇌는 평생에 걸쳐 변화할 수 있는 상태로 남아 있다.
▢ changeable:① 변화무쌍 ② 변덕스러운 ▢ plasticity:① 가소성 ② 유연성 ▢ property:① 특성 ② 재산 ▢ span:① 걸치다 ② 기간
ⓖ 동형 ⓥ obvious↔doubtful ⓥ remain↔disappear ⓟ of during throughout


2. It is evident that we can learn and remember information long after maturation. {7.6 = 6.6 + 1 + 0}
우리가 성인이 된 훨씬 이후에도 정보를 학습하고 기억할 수 있다는 것은 분명하다.
▢ evident:① 명백한 ② 분명한 ▢ maturation:① 원숙 ② 화농
ⓖ 앤동 ⓝ It


3. Furthermore, although it is not as obvious, the adult brain retains its capacity to be influenced by "general" experience. {5.4 = 3.4 + 1 + 1}
게다가, 그만큼 분명하지는 않지만 성인의 뇌는 '일반적인' 경험에 의해 영향을 받을 수 있는 능력을 보유한다.
▢ capacity:① 능력 ② 용량 ▢ retains:① ~을 유지하다 ② 고용하고 있다
ⓖ 투비피 ⓥ capacity↔incapacity ⓥ obvious↔doubtful ⓝ it its ⓟ byⓒ Furthermore ⓘ Furthermore


4. For example, being exposed to fine wine or Pavarotti changes one's later appreciation of wine and music, even if encountered in late adulthood. {11.0 = 6.0 + 4 + 1}
예를 들면, 고급 포도주나 Pavarotti에 노출되는 것은, 늦은 성인기에 접하더라도 한 사람의 와인과 음악에 대한 이후의 이해를 변화시킨다.
▢ adulthood:① 성인기 ② 성인임 ▢ appreciation:① 이해 ② 감사 ▢ encountered:① 마주치다 ② ~과 만나다
Ⓟ even if:1.할지라도 2.없을지라도 3.비록 4.되더라도 ⓖ 나중에 ⓖ 부접피 ⓖ 빙피 ⓖ 콤빙 ⓥ appreciation↔criticism ⓟ For of inⓒ For example


5. The adult brain is plastic in other ways, too. {1.3 = 1.3 + 0 + 0}
성인의 뇌는 다른 방식으로도 가소성이 있다.
ⓟ in


6. For instance, one of the characteristics of normal aging is that neurons die and are not replaced. {11.0 = 5.0 + 4 + 2}
예를 들면, 일반적인 노화의 특징 중 하나는 신경세포들이 죽고 대체되지 않는다는 것이다.
▢ characteristics:① 특성 ② 독특한 ▢ instance:① 예 ② 사례 ▢ neurons:① 뉴런 ② 신경 단위
ⓖ 원오복 ⓖ 원오복단 ⓖ 앤동 ⓖ 이디끝 ⓥ characteristic↔uncharacteristic ⓥ normal↔abnormal ⓟ For of ofⓒ For instance


7. This process begins in adolescence, yet most of us will not suffer any significant cognitive loss for decades because the brain compensates for the slow neuron loss by changing its structure. {12.7 = 11.7 + 0 + 1}
이러한 과정은 청소년기에 시작되지만, 뇌가 그 구조를 변화시킴으로써 느린 신경세포의 손실을 보충하기 때문에 우리 대부분은 수십 년 동안 그 어떤 중대한 인지적 손상을 겪지 않을 것이다.
▢ adolescence:① 청소년기 ② 사춘기 ▢ cognitive:① 인식의 ② 인지의 ▢ compensates:① compensate for A 벌충을 하다 ② 보충하다 ▢ decades:① 십년간 ② 수십년 ▢ neuron:① 뉴런 ② 신경 단위 ▢ significant:① 중요한 ② 상당한 ▢ structure:① 구조 ② 구성하다 ▢ suffer:① 겪다 ② 고통을 받다
ⓥ adolescence↔preadolescence ⓥ compensat↔compromis ⓥ loss↔gain ⓥ significant↔insignificant ⓥ slow↔accelerate ⓝ its ⓟ in of for for by


8. Similarly, although complete restoration of function is not possible, the brain has the capacity to change in response to injury in order to at least partly compensate for the damage. {9.5 = 7.5 + 1 + 1}
마찬가지로, 기능의 완전한 회복이 가능하지는 않지만, 뇌는 그 손상을 적어도 부분적으로 보충하기 위해 부상에 대응하여 변화할 수 있는 능력을 가지고 있다.
▢ capacity:① 능력 ② 용량 ▢ compensate:① 보상하다 ② 보완하다 ▢ function:① 기능 ② 역할 ▢ response:① 반응 ② 대응 ▢ restoration:① 복원 ② 복구
Ⓟ at least:1.최소한 2.적어도 3.적게는 4.보수적으로 5.어쨌든 ⓖ 전명투 ⓥ capacity↔incapacity ⓥ complete↔compete ⓥ damage↔enhance ⓥ partly↔altogether ⓥ possible↔impossible ⓟ of in in at forⓒ Similarly


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1712-35

1. Identity theft can take many forms in the digital world. {3.6 = 3.6 + 0 + 0}
신원 도용은 디지털 세계에서 많은 유형을 띨 수 있다.
▢ digital:① 디지털의 ② 전자제품의 ▢ identity:① 정체성 ② 자신 ▢ theft:① 절도죄 ② 도둑질
Ⓟ identity theft:1.신원 위장 절도 2.명의도용 ⓥ theft↔thrift ⓟ in


2. That's because many of the traditional clues about identity ― someone's physical appearance and presence ― are replaced by machine-based checking of "credentials". {10.0 = 7.0 + 2 + 1}
그것은 어떤 사람의 신체적 모습과 존재와 같은 신원에 대한 많은 전통적인 단서들이 기계에 기반을 둔 '신용 증명물'을 확인하는 것으로 대체되기 때문이다.
▢ credentials:① 자격 ② 자격 인증서, 자격증 ▢ identity:① 정체성 ② 자신 ▢ presence:① 존재 ② 영향력
ⓖ 매니오브 ⓖ 명빼이디 ⓥ presence↔absence ⓟ of about by of


3. Someone is able to acquire your credentials ― sign-on names, passwords, cards, tokens ― and in so doing is able to convince an electronic system that they are you. {9.3 = 9.3 + 0 + 0}
어떤 사람이 로그인 이름, 비밀번호, 카드, 징표와 같은 신용 증명물을 습득할 수 있고 그렇게 해서 전자 시스템에 그들이 여러분이라고 확신시킬 수 있다.
▢ acquire:① 얻다 ② 인수하다 ▢ convince:① 설득하다 ② 확신시키다 ▢ credentials:① 자격 ② 자격 인증서, 자격증 ▢ electronic:① 전자기기 ② 전자의
ⓥ acquire↔require ⓝ they ⓟ on in


4. This is an ingredient in large numbers of cyber-related fraud, and cyber-related fraud is by far the most common form of crime that hits individuals. {13.6 = 12.6 + 1 + 0}
이것이 상당수의 사이버 관련 사기의 요소이며, 사이버 관련 사기는 개인들을 공격하는 단연코 가장 흔한 범죄 형태이다.
▢ cyber:① 사이버 ② 컴퓨터의 ▢ fraud:① 사기 ② 분식 ▢ individuals:① 개개의 ② 특정한 사람의 ▢ ingredient:① 재료 ② 성분
Ⓟ by far:1.훨씬 2.틀림없이 3.매우 ⓖ 명빼이디 ⓥ relate↔dissociate ⓟ in of by of


5. For example, identity thieves can buy goods and services which you will never see but will pay for, intercept payments, and, more drastically, empty your bank account. {16.2 = 11.2 + 4 + 1}
예를 들어, 신원 도용자들은 여러분이 결코 보지 않게 되겠지만 지불하게 될 재화와 용역을 구입할 수 있고, 지불금을 가로챌 수 있고, 더 심하게는 여러분의 은행 계좌를 텅 비울 수 있다.
▢ drastically:① 과감하게 ② 철저히 ▢ identity:① 정체성 ② 자신 ▢ intercept:① 요격하다 ② 방해
ⓖ 5형식 ⓖ 삽입 ⓖ 전콤 ⓖ 특부 ⓥ account↔count ⓥ more↔less ⓥ payment↔default ⓟ For forⓒ For example


6. Although the victims of identity theft are usually thought of as individuals, small and large businesses are often caught out as well. {8.7 = 6.7 + 2 + 0}
비록 신원 도용의 희생자들이 보통 개인이라고 여겨지지만, 크고 작은 사업체들도 또한 종종 곤경에 빠진다.
▢ identity:① 정체성 ② 자신 ▢ individuals:① 개개의 ② 특정한 사람의 ▢ theft:① 절도죄 ② 도둑질 ▢ victims:① 희생 ② 속는 사람
Ⓟ identity theft:1.신원 위장 절도 2.명의도용 ⓖ 부전 ⓖ 동오브 ⓥ theft↔thrift ⓟ of of


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1712-36

1. A researcher in adult education at the University of Toronto, Allen Tough wrote a paper called "The Iceberg of Informal Adult Learning. {6.8 = 4.8 + 2 + 0}
Toronto 대학에서 성인 교육 연구자인 Allen Tough가 '비형식적 성인 학습의 빙산'이라는 논문을 썼다.
▢ iceberg:빙산 ▢ informal:① 비공식 ② 비형식
Ⓟ adult education:성인 교육 ⓖ 콜드 ⓖ 잉끝 ⓟ in at of of


2. "Tough formulated a reverse 20/80 rule for adult learning. {5.6 = 4.6 + 1 + 0}
Tough는 성인 학습에 대해 정반대의 20/80 규칙을 만들어 냈다.
▢ formulated:① ~을 명확히 나타내다 ② ~을 고안하다 ▢ reverse:① 반대의 ② 뒤집다
ⓖ 잉끝 ⓥ reverse↔forward ⓟ for


3. Twenty percent of an adult learner's efforts were formal, organized by an institution. {3.8 = 2.8 + 1 + 0}
성인 학습자들의 노력의 20퍼센트는 기관에 의해 조직된 형식적인 것이었다.
▢ formal:① 공식적인 ② 정식의
ⓖ 콤피 ⓥ formal↔informal ⓥ organize↔disorganise ⓟ of by


4. Eighty percent was informal, organized by the learner. {3.1 = 2.1 + 1 + 0}
80퍼센트는 학습자에 의해 조직된 비형식적인 것이었다.
▢ informal:① 비공식 ② 비형식
ⓖ 콤피 ⓥ informal↔formal ⓥ organize↔disorganise ⓟ by


5. He used the metaphor of an iceberg to describe the large portion of learning, informal learning, that remains invisible. {10.9 = 7.9 + 3 + 0}
그는 눈에 보이지 않은 채로 남아 있는 학습의 커다란 부분인 비형식적 학습을 설명하기 위해 빙산의 비유를 사용했다.
▢ iceberg:빙산 ▢ informal:① 비공식 ② 비형식 ▢ invisible:① 눈에 보이지 않는 ② 투명한 ▢ metaphor:① 은유 ② 암유 ▢ portion:① 부분 ② 일부
ⓖ 3형식동명투 ⓖ 동형 ⓖ 콤댓 ⓥ informal↔formal ⓥ invisible↔conspicuous ⓥ remain↔disappear ⓝ He ⓟ of of


6. Tough researched the reasons why people chose to learn on their own rather than attend a class. {5.9 = 5.9 + 0 + 0}
Tough는 사람들이 수업을 듣는 것보다 스스로 학습하는 것을 선택한 이유를 연구했다.
▢ attend:① 참석하다 ② 다니다 ▢ researched:① 조사하다 ② ~을 조사하다
ⓥ attend↔neglect ⓝ their ⓟ on


7. "People seem to want to be in control," he wrote. {2.6 = 1.6 + 0 + 1}
"사람들은 주도권을 잡고 싶어 하는 것처럼 보인다"라고 그는 썼다.
ⓝ he ⓟ in


8. "They want to set their own pace and use their own style of learning; they want to keep it flexible. {5.1 = 3.1 + 2 + 0}
"그들은 자신만의 속도를 정하고 자신만의 학습 스타일을 사용하고 싶어 한다, 즉 그들은 그것을 융통성 있게 유지하고 싶어 한다.
▢ flexible:① 유연한 ② 신축성 있는
ⓖ 5형식 ⓖ 앤동 ⓥ flexible↔uncompromising ⓝ They their their they it ⓟ ofⓘ They


9. "People also seem to consider informal learning experiential and social. {6.6 = 5.6 + 0 + 1}
"사람들은 또한 비형식적 학습을 경험적이고 사회적인 것으로 간주하는 것처럼 보인다.
▢ experiential:① 경험에 의한 ② 경험상의 ▢ informal:① 비공식 ② 비형식
ⓥ informal↔formal ⓘ also


10. Lifelong learning organized around one's interests might be seen as a new form of recreation. {2.8 = 2.8 + 0 + 0}
한 사람의 관심사에 맞춰 조직된 평생의 학습은 오락 활동의 새로운 형태로 보일지도 모른다.
▢ lifelong:① 평생의 ② 일생 동안의 ▢ recreation:① 레크리에이션 ② 휴양
ⓥ organize↔disorganise ⓟ around of


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1712-37

1. The online world is an artificial universe ― entirely human-made and designed. {3.6 = 2.6 + 1 + 0}
온라인 세상은 완전히 사람에 의해 만들어지고 설계된 인공의 세계이다.
ⓖ 앤동 ⓥ artificial↔natural


2. The design of the underlying system shapes how we appear and what we see of other people. {5.1 = 4.1 + 1 + 0}
그 근본적인 시스템의 디자인이 우리가 어떻게 보이고 우리가 다른 사람들에게서 무엇을 보는지를 형성한다.
▢ underlying:① 기초를 이루는 ② 근원적인
ⓖ 관잉 ⓟ of of


3. It determines the structure of conversations and who has access to what information. {4.3 = 4.3 + 0 + 0}
그것은 대화의 구조와 누가 어떤 정보에 접근할 수 있는지를 결정한다.
▢ access:① 접근 ② 이용 ▢ determines:① 결정하다 ② 결심하다 ▢ structure:① 구조 ② 구성하다
ⓥ determin↔predetermin ⓝ It ⓟ of


4. Architects of physical cities determine the paths people will take and the sights they will see. {3.2 = 3.2 + 0 + 0}
물리적인 도시의 건축가들은 사람들이 가게 될 길과 그들이 보게 될 광경을 결정한다.
▢ determine:① 결정하다 ② 밝히다
ⓝ they ⓟ of


5. They affect people's mood by creating cathedrals that inspire awe and schools that encourage playfulness. {10.1 = 9.1 + 0 + 1}
그들은 경외감을 불러일으키는 대성당들과 명랑함을 북돋는 학교들을 지음으로써 사람들의 기분에 영향을 미친다.
▢ affect:① 영향을 주다 ② 작용하다 ▢ cathedrals:① 대성당 ② 주교좌의 ▢ inspire:① 영감을 주다 ② 고무하다 ▢ playfulness:① 회롱 ② 농담
ⓥ affect↔effect ⓥ encourage↔discourage ⓝ They ⓟ byⓘ They


6. Architects, however, do not control how the residents of those buildings present themselves or see each other ― but the designers of virtual spaces do, and they have far greater influence on the social experience of their users. {10.5 = 5.5 + 4 + 1}
그러나, 건축가들이 그러한 건물들의 거주자들이 어떻게 자신들을 나타내는지 또는 서로를 어떻게 바라보는지를 통제하지는 않지만, 가상공간의 설계자들은 그렇게 하며, 그들은 사용자들의 사회적 경험에 훨씬 더 큰 영향을 준다.
Ⓟ each other:1.서로 2.상호 ⓖ 명전 ⓖ 앤동 ⓖ 재귀대명사 ⓖ 동콤 ⓝ they their ⓟ of of on ofⓒ however ⓘ however


7. They determine whether we see each other's faces or instead know each other only by name. {3.9 = 2.9 + 0 + 1}
그들은 우리가 서로의 얼굴을 볼지 아니면 대신 이름만으로 서로를 알지를 결정한다.
▢ determine:① 결정하다 ② 밝히다
Ⓟ each other:1.서로 2.상호 ⓝ They ⓟ byⓘ They


8. They can reveal the size and makeup of an audience,or provide the impression that one is writing intimately to only a few, even if millions are in fact reading. {9.9 = 5.9 + 2 + 2}
그들은 구독자의 크기와 구성을 드러낼 수 있거나, 실제로는 수백 만 명이 읽고 있을지라도 한 사람이 오직 소수에게만 친밀하게 글을 쓰고 있다는 인상을 줄 수 있다.
▢ intimately:① 친밀하게 ② 친하게 ▢ reveal:① 보여주다 ② 드러내다
Ⓟ even if:1.할지라도 2.없을지라도 3.비록 4.되더라도 ⓖ 동격댓 ⓖ 앤동 ⓥ reveal↔conceal ⓝ They ⓟ of inⓘ They


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THE BLUET 1712 | Since 2005 임희재 블루티쳐 | 01033383436 | wayne.tistory.com | wayne36@daum.net | 191021 14:11:00

Text Analysis
1712-28

1. What comes to mind when we think about time? {1.0 = 1.0 + 0 + 0}
우리가 시간에 대해 생각할 때 / 무엇이 떠오르는가?
ⓟ about


2. Let us go back to 4,000 BC in ancient China where some early clocks were invented. {5.9 = 1.9 + 4 + 0}
몇몇 초기의 시계들이 발명됐던 고대 중국의 기원전 4천 년으로 돌아가 보자.
Ⓟ go back:1.되돌아가다 2.돌아가다 3.회고하다 ⓖ 5형식 ⓖ 부전 ⓖ 이디끝 ⓖ 첫피 ⓟ in


3. To demonstrate the idea of time to temple students, Chinese priests used to dangle a rope from the temple ceiling with knots representing the hours. {13.8 = 9.8 + 3 + 1}
사원의 제자들에게 시간의 개념을 설명하기 위해 중국의 사제들은 시각을 나타내는 매듭이 있는 밧줄을 사원 천장에 매달곤 했다.
▢ dangle:① 매달리다 ② 매달다 ▢ demonstrate:① 증명하다 ② 입증하다 ▢ knots:① 매듭 ② 노트
ⓖ 분사구문 ⓖ 첫투 ⓖ 피전 ⓥ demonstrate↔disprove ⓥ knots↔unknot ⓥ represent↔undelineat ⓟ of from with


4. They would light it with a flame from the bottom so that it burnt evenly, indicating the passage of time. {9.0 = 7.0 + 2 + 0}
그들은 시간의 경과를 보여주면서 그것(밧줄)이 균등하게 타도록 아래부터 그것에 불을 붙였다.
▢ flame:① 화염 ② 불꽃 ▢ indicating:① 나타내다 ② 가리키다 ▢ passage:① 통과 ② 통로
Ⓟ so that:1.…하도록 … 2.그래서 3.…하기만 하면 4.하기 위해서 5.…하기 위하여 ⓖ 댓 ⓖ 콤잉 ⓥ bottom↔top ⓥ burnt↔unburnt ⓥ evenly↔unevenly ⓝ They it it ⓟ with from ofⓘ They


5. Many temples burnt down in those days. {1.8 = 0.8 + 1 + 0}
많은 사원이 그 당시에 불에 다 타버렸다.
ⓖ 부전 ⓥ burnt↔unburnt ⓟ in


6. The priests were obviously not too happy about that until someone invented a clock made of water buckets. {5.2 = 4.2 + 1 + 0}
어떤 사람이 물 양동이로 만들어진 시계를 발명할 때까지 사제들은 분명히 그것이 썩 마음에 들지 않았다.
▢ buckets:① 양동이 ② 버킷
ⓖ 피전 ⓟ about of


7. It worked by punching holes in a large bucket full of water, with markings representing the hours, to allow water to flow out at a constant rate. {16.2 = 10.2 + 5 + 1}
그것은 시각을 나타내는 표시가 있고 물로 가득 찬 커다란 양동이에 물이 일정한 속도로 흘러나가도록 구멍들을 뚫음으로써 작동했다.
▢ bucket:① 양동이 ② 버킷 ▢ constant:① 일정한 ② 지속적인 ▢ markings:① 표 ② 반점 ▢ punching:① 사람을 세게 치다 ② 한 대 치기
ⓖ 5형식 ⓖ 부전 ⓖ 분사구문 ⓖ 콤투 ⓖ 형전 ⓥ allow↔prohibit ⓥ constant↔inconstant ⓥ flow↔hold ⓥ represent↔undelineat ⓝ It ⓟ by in of with at


8. The temple students would then measure time by how fast the bucket drained. {6.9 = 5.9 + 1 + 0}
그러고 나서 사원 제자들은 얼마나 빠르게 그 양동이에 물이 빠졌는지로 시간을 측정했다.
▢ bucket:① 양동이 ② 버킷 ▢ drained:① 피로하여 지친 ② 녹초가 된
ⓖ 이디끝 ⓥ drain↔undrain ⓟ by


9. It was much better than burning ropes for sure, but more importantly, it taught the students that once time was gone, it could never be recovered. {10.5 = 5.5 + 4 + 1}
그것은 확실히 밧줄을 태우는 것보다 훨씬 더 나았으나, 더 중요한 것은 그것이 일단 시간이 지나가고 나면 절대로 되찾을 수 없다는 점을 제자들에게 가르쳐 주었다는 것이다.
▢ recovered:회복한
Ⓟ that once:그때뿐 ⓖ 비교급 ⓖ 이디끝 ⓖ 콤잇 ⓖ 피콤 ⓥ better↔worse ⓥ more↔less ⓥ recover↔deteriorat ⓝ It it it ⓟ for


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1712-29

1. A lot of people find that physical movement can sometimes dispel negative feelings. {5.0 = 5.0 + 0 + 0}
많은 사람은 신체 움직임이 때때로 부정적인 감정들을 떨쳐버릴 수 있음을 발견한다.
▢ dispel:① 떨쳐버리다 ② 불식
ⓥ negative↔affirmative ⓟ of


2. If we are feeling negative, it can be very easy for us to stop wanting to stay active in our everyday life. {4.0 = 3.0 + 1 + 0}
만약 우리가 부정적으로 느끼고 있다면, 우리가 일상생활에서 활동적인 상태이고 싶어 하는 것을 멈추기가 매우 쉬울 수 있다.
ⓖ 동형 ⓥ active↔extinct ⓥ negative↔affirmative ⓝ it ⓟ for in


3. This is why many people who suffer from depression are also found sleeping in and having no motivation to go outside or exercise. {8.5 = 5.5 + 2 + 1}
이것이 또한 우울증을 겪는 많은 사람이 계속 잠을 자고, 외출을 하거나 운동을 하려는 동기가 없는 것으로 발견되는 이유이다.
▢ depression:① 우울 ② 침체 ▢ motivation:① 동기 부여 ② 욕구 ▢ suffer:① 겪다 ② 고통을 받다
ⓖ 동전 ⓖ 원인->결과 ⓥ depression↔fatigue ⓥ outside↔inside ⓟ from in outsideⓘ is why ⓘ also ⓘ is why


4. Unfortunately, this lack of exercise can actually compound many negative emotions. {3.5 = 2.5 + 0 + 1}
불행히도, 이러한 운동의 부족이 실제로 많은 부정적인 감정을 악화시킬 수 있다.
▢ compound:① 화합물 ② 복합의 ▢ lack:① 부족 ② ~이 없다
ⓥ lack↔abundance ⓥ negative↔affirmative ⓟ ofⓒ Unfortunately


5. Exercise and movement is a great way for us to start getting rid of negative energies. {2.1 = 2.1 + 0 + 0}
운동과 움직임은 우리가 부정적인 에너지를 제거하기 시작하는 훌륭한 방법이다.
ⓥ negative↔affirmative ⓟ for of


6. Many people find that when they are angry, they go into a state where they want to exercise or clean. {3.3 = 2.3 + 1 + 0}
많은 사람은 자신들이 화날 때 / 그들이 운동을 하거나 청소를 하고 싶은 상태가 된다는 점을 깨닫는다.
Ⓟ go into:1.…에 들어가다 2.출동하다 3.맞닥뜨리다 ⓖ 앤동 ⓝ they they they ⓟ into


7. This is actually a very healthy and positive thing for you to do and a great way for you to begin to deconstruct your negative emotions so that they no longer affect your life and harm your relationships. {10.1 = 9.1 + 1 + 0}
이것은 사실상 여러분이 하는 매우 건강하고 긍정적인 일이며, 그것(부정적인 감정)들이 더 이상 여러분의 삶에 영향을 미치지 않고 관계를 해치지 않도록 여러분이 자신의 부정적인 감정들을 해체하기 시작하는 훌륭한 방법이다.
▢ affect:① 영향을 주다 ② 작용하다 ▢ deconstruct:① ~을 해체하다 ② 원문분석
Ⓟ no longer:1.더 이상 …이 아닌 2.이미 …아니다 3.더 이상…않다 ⓖ 댓 ⓥ affect↔effect ⓥ deconstruct↔construct ⓥ negative↔affirmative ⓝ they ⓟ for for


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1712-30

1. A father took his son to the circus. {1.4 = 1.4 + 0 + 0}
아버지는 자신의 아들을 서커스에 데려갔다.
ⓝ his


2. Before the show started, he took his son to see the animals in their respective cages ― all except for the elephant that was tied with a rope. {7.8 = 5.8 + 2 + 0}
쇼가 시작되기 전, 그(father)는 자신의 아들을 데리고 밧줄에 묶여 있는 코끼리를 제외하고 모두 각자의 우리에 있는 동물들을 보러 갔다.
▢ respective:① 각각의 ② 각자의
Ⓟ except for:1.제외하고 2.…이 없으면 3.…이 없었더라면 ⓖ 동동이디 ⓖ 이디콤 ⓝ he his their ⓟ Before in except for with


3. Holding his father's hand, the little boy turned to him and said, "Dad, this elephant is so big and strong. {3.5 = 2.5 + 1 + 0}
자신의 아버지의 손을 잡으면서 작은 소년은 그(father)를 돌아보고 말했다, "아빠, 이 코끼리가 매우 크고 힘이 세잖아요.
Ⓟ little boy:1.리틀 보이 2.암호명에서 3.자지 ⓖ 첫잉콤 ⓥ strong↔vulnerable ⓝ his him


4. He can kick the rope and run away. {2.3 = 1.3 + 1 + 0}
그는 밧줄을 걷어차고 도망갈 수 있어요.
ⓖ 앤동 ⓝ He


5. Why doesn't he? {0.4 = 0.4 + 0 + 0}
왜 그렇게 안 하나요?
ⓝ he


6. "No matter how hard he tried to think of an intelligent answer, the father didn't have a good one to give his son. {5.9 = 2.9 + 2 + 1}
"그(father)가 아무리 열심히 현명한 대답을 생각해 내려고 노력했음에도, 아버지에게는 아들에게 해 줄 좋은 대답이 없었다.
ⓖ 노매럴 ⓖ 동오브 ⓥ intelligent↔unintelligent ⓝ he his ⓟ of


7. So, he suggested to his son that he go ask the question to the elephant trainer. {4.1 = 2.1 + 1 + 1}
그래서 그(father)는 자신의 아들에게 코끼리 조련사에게 가서 질문하라고 제안했다.
ⓖ 제주명요 ⓝ he his heⓒ So\b


8. When the boy saw the trainer passing by, he asked why the beast didn't try to escape. {5.8 = 2.8 + 3 + 0}
소년이 조련사가 지나가는 것을 보았을 때 /, 그(son)는 왜 이 동물이 탈출하려고 애쓰지 않는지를 물었다.
▢ beast:① 비스트 ② 짐승
ⓖ 5형식 ⓖ 관명잉 ⓖ 전콤 ⓝ he ⓟ by


9. The trainer said, "When this elephant was a baby, we tied the same rope to his foot and the tree. {2.6 = 2.6 + 0 + 0}
조련사는 말했다, "이 코끼리가 아기였을 때 /, 우리는 같은 밧줄을 그의 발과 나무에 묶었단다.
ⓝ his


10. The elephant couldn't break free, and over time, he simply accepted the rope as a way of life." {2.8 = 2.8 + 0 + 0}
코끼리는 탈출할 수 없었고, 시간이 지나면서 그는 단순히 밧줄을 삶의 방식으로 받아들였지."
ⓥ accept↔reject ⓝ he ⓟ over of


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1712-31

1. What is the true nature of the brain? {1.1 = 1.1 + 0 + 0}
뇌의 진정한 본질은 무엇인가?
ⓟ of


2. The brain is a slow-changing machine, and that's a good thing. {2.7 = 1.7 + 1 + 0}
뇌는 천천히 변화하는 기계이며, 그것은 좋은 것이다.
ⓖ 명빼잉 ⓥ slow↔accelerate


3. If your brain could completely change overnight, you would be unstable. {5.5 = 4.5 + 1 + 0}
만약 여러분의 뇌가 하룻밤 사이에 완전히 변할 수 있다면 여러분은 불안정해질 것이다.
▢ unstable:① 불안정한 ② 변하기 쉬운
ⓖ 가정법


4. Let's just say that your norm is to wake up, read the paper with coffee and a bagel, walk your dog, and watch the news. {6.8 = 4.8 + 2 + 0}
여러분의 기준이 잠에서 깨서, 커피와 베이글을 가지고 신문을 읽고, 개를 산책시키고, 뉴스를 보는 것이라고 해 보자.
▢ norm:① 규범 ② 기준
Ⓟ coffee and:1.커피에 케이크나 도넛이 나오는 식사 2.생활 필수품 3.커피와 도넛 ⓖ 먼동사 ⓖ 앤동 ⓟ with


5. This is your habitual routine. {0.6 = 0.6 + 0 + 0}
이것은 여러분의 습관적인 일상이다.
▢ habitual:① 습관적인 ② 상습적인


6. Then one night, you get a phone call at 3 a.m. and have to run outside in your underwear to check on your neighbors. {6.9 = 4.9 + 1 + 1}
그런데 어느 날 밤, 여러분이 새벽 3시에 전화를 받고 속옷 차림으로 여러분의 이웃을 확인해 보기 위해 뛰쳐나가야만 한다.
▢ underwear:① 속옷 ② 내의
Ⓟ check on:1.일을 시작하다 2.…을 확인하다 ⓖ 전전 ⓥ outside↔inside ⓟ at outside in on


7. What if your brain latched on to this new routine and you continued to run outside at 3 a.m. every night in your underwear? {9.2 = 8.2 + 1 + 0}
만약 여러분의 뇌가 이 새로운 일상을 자기 것으로 하여 여러분이 매일 밤 새벽 3시에 속옷 차림으로 계속하여 밖으로 뛰쳐나가야 한다면 어떻겠는가?
▢ latched:신발끈 ▢ underwear:① 속옷 ② 내의
Ⓟ night in:1.매일 밤 2.밤마다 ⓖ 전전 ⓥ continue↔cease ⓥ outside↔inside ⓟ on outside at in


8. Nobody would want that, so it's a good thing our brains require more repetition than that! {2.6 = 2.6 + 0 + 0}
누구도 그러길 원치 않을 것이며, 따라서 우리의 뇌가 그것보다 더 많은 반복이 필요하다는 것은 좋은 것이다!
▢ require:① 필요하다 ② 요구하다
Ⓟ good thing:1.행운 2.경구 3.진미 ⓥ more↔less ⓝ it


9. Let's accept and be thankful for the stability our slow-changing brains provide us. {5.7 = 3.7 + 1 + 1}
우리의 천천히 변하는 뇌가 우리에게 제공해 주는 안정감을 받아들이고 고마워하자.
▢ stability:① 안정 ② 안전
ⓖ 명빼잉 ⓥ accept↔reject ⓥ slow↔accelerate ⓥ stability↔inconstancy ⓟ for


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1712-32

1. Hearing is basically a specialized form of touch. {5.8 = 3.8 + 2 + 0}
청각은 기본적으로 촉각의 분화한 한 형태이다.
▢ basically:① 기본적으로 ② 다시 말하면 ▢ specialized:① 전문의 ② 분화한
ⓖ 관피 ⓖ 첫잉끝 ⓥ specializ↔generaliz ⓟ of


2. Sound is simply vibrating air which the ear picks up and converts to electrical signals, which are then interpreted by the brain. {13.1 = 11.1 + 2 + 0}
소리는 단순히 귀가 포착하여 전기 신호로 전환하는 진동하는 공기인데, 그것(전기 신호)들은 그 후 뇌에 의해 해석된다.
▢ converts:① ~을 변하게 하다 ② 개조하다 ▢ electrical:① 전기의 ② 전자의 ▢ interpreted:① ~의 뜻을 밝히다 ② ~을 해석하다 ▢ vibrating:① 진동하다 ② 반향하다
ⓖ 앤동 ⓖ 콤위치 ⓥ interpreted↔interrupted ⓟ by


3. The sense of hearing is not the only sense that can do this; touch can do this too. {2.1 = 2.1 + 0 + 0}
청각이라는 감각이 이것을 할 수 있는 유일한 감각은 아니다; 촉각도 이것을 할 수 있다.
ⓟ of


4. If you are standing by the road and a large truck goes by, do you hear or feel the vibration? {6.2 = 4.2 + 2 + 0}
만약 여러분이 길가에 서 있는데 큰 트럭이 지나가면 여러분은 그 진동을 듣는 것인가 아니면 느끼는 것인가?
▢ vibration:① 진동 ② 떨림
ⓖ 앤동 ⓖ 전콤 ⓥ standing↔seat ⓟ by by


5. The answer is both. {0.4 = 0.4 + 0 + 0}
답은 둘 다이다.


6. With very low frequency vibration the ear starts becoming inefficient and the rest of the body's sense of touch starts to take over. {8.5 = 7.5 + 1 + 0}
매우 낮은 주파수 진동에 귀가 비효율적으로 되기 시작하고 나머지 신체의 촉각이 더 중요해지기 시작한다.
▢ frequency:① 주파수 ② 빈도 ▢ inefficient:① 비능률적인 ② 효과 없는 ▢ vibration:① 진동 ② 떨림
Ⓟ and the rest:1.and all the rest of it 2.그런 것은 아니다 3.기타 등등 ⓖ 전끝 ⓥ low↔high ⓥ inefficient↔efficient ⓟ With of of over


7. For some reason we tend to make a distinction between hearing a sound and feeling a vibration, but in reality they are the same thing. {8.0 = 7.0 + 0 + 1}
어떤 이유에서인지 우리는 소리를 듣는 것과 진동을 느끼는 것을 구분하는 경향이 있지만 /, 실제로 그것들은 똑같은 것이다.
▢ distinction:① 구별 ② 차이 ▢ vibration:① 진동 ② 떨림
Ⓟ for some reason:어떤 이유로 ⓝ they ⓟ For in


8. Deafness does not mean that you can't hear, only that there is something wrong with the ears. {5.1 = 5.1 + 0 + 0}
귀먹음이란 여러분이 들을 수 없다는 것이 아니라, 귀에 잘못된 무언가가 있다는 것을 의미할 뿐이다.
▢ deafness:① 귀가 들리지 않는 것 ② 귀를 기울이지 않는 것
ⓥ wrong↔right ⓟ with


9. Even someone who is totally deaf can still hear/feel sounds. {3.1 = 3.1 + 0 + 0}
심지어 완전히 귀가 먹은 사람도 여전히 소리를 들을/느낄 수 있다.
▢ deaf:① 청각 장애의 ② 들으려고 하지 않는


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THE BLUET 1712 | Since 2005 임희재 블루티쳐 | 01033383436 | wayne.tistory.com | wayne36@daum.net | 191021 14:11:00

Text Analysis
1712-20

1. Are you a 'rushaholic'? {0.4 = 0.4 + 0 + 0}
여러분은 '서두름에 중독된 사람'인가?


2. Do you happen to live in a fast-paced city, where you feel in a constant hurry? {3.9 = 2.9 + 1 + 0}
혹시 여러분은 자신들이 끊임없는 서두름 속에 있다고 느끼는 빠른 속도의 도시에 살고 있는가?
▢ constant:① 일정한 ② 지속적인 ▢ paced:① 보측된 ② 걸음이 ~인
Ⓟ live in:1.살다 2.사는 사람들 3.거주하다 4.생활하다 5.살아가다 ⓖ 명빼이디 ⓥ constant↔inconstant ⓟ in in


3. A recent poll of over 1,000 Americans found that nearly half felt they lacked enough time in daily life. {8.0 = 6.0 + 1 + 1}
1,000명이 넘는 미국인을 대상으로 한 최근 여론 조사는 거의 절반이 일상생활에서 충분한 시간이 부족하다고 느꼈다는 것을 밝혀냈다.
▢ lacked:① 결핍되다 ② 없다 ▢ poll:① 여론조사 ② 선거
ⓖ 전전 ⓥ lack↔abundance ⓝ they ⓟ of over in


4. 'Time famine' ― the feeling of having too much to do and not enough time to do it ― is the cause of unnecessary stress and reduced performance. {8.0 = 5.0 + 2 + 1}
할 것은 너무 많고 그것을 할 시간은 충분하지 않다는 느낌인 '시간 기근'은 불필요한 스트레스와 줄어든 성과의 원인이다.
▢ famine:① 기근 ② 기아
ⓖ 5형식 ⓖ 투투 ⓥ reduce↔increase ⓥ unnecessary↔necessary ⓝ it ⓟ of of


5. We all tend to rush when we have so many things to do, and that negatively affects our performance. {6.4 = 3.4 + 1 + 2}
우리 모두는 우리에게 해야 할 일이 매우 많을 때 / 서두르는 경향이 있고, 그리고 그것이 우리의 성과에 부정적으로 영향을 미친다.
▢ rush:① 서두르다 ② 급한
Ⓟ so many:1.아주 많은 2.같은 수의 3.어떤 수의 ⓖ 동콤 ⓥ affect↔effect ⓥ rush↔delay


6. Doing things quickly actually ends up slowing you down, such as when you rush out of your house only to realize you forgot your keys, phone,or wallet on the kitchen table. {9.1 = 5.1 + 3 + 1}
급히 일을 하는 것은 여러분이 집에서 급하게 나와 결국 열쇠나 전화기 혹은 지갑을 부엌 식탁 위에 잊고 온 것을 알게 될 때와 같이 실제로는 결국 여러분을 늦어지게 한다.
▢ rush:① 서두르다 ② 급한
Ⓟ out of:1.중에 2.없는 3.밖으로 4.벗어나서 5.떨어져서 ⓖ 동업잉 ⓖ 부전 ⓖ 첫잉콤 ⓥ rush↔delay ⓥ slow↔accelerate ⓝ such ⓟ such as out of on


7. Driving faster will not get you to your destination any sooner. {2.9 = 1.9 + 1 + 0}
더 빨리 운전하는 것은 여러분을 자신의 목적지에 조금이라도 더 일찍 데려다주지는 않을 것이다.
▢ destination:① 목적지 ② 관광지
Ⓟ get you:1.그래 장하다 2.잘났다 3.같잖군 ⓖ 첫잉끝


8. Assuming that by doing things faster you will get more done is a trap. {5.1 = 3.1 + 2 + 0}
일을 더 빠르게 함으로써 / 여러분이 더 많이 하게 될 것이라고 가정하는 것은 함정이다.
▢ assuming:① 건방진 ② 거만한 ▢ trap:① 가두다 ② 덫
ⓖ 주설 ⓖ 첫잉끝 ⓥ more↔less ⓟ by


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1712-21

1. The trio of freeze, flight, and fight are fairly universal behavioral defensive reactions in mammals and other vertebrate species. {14.2 = 13.2 + 1 + 0}
움직이지 않기, 도망치기, 싸우기 이 세 가지는 포유동물과 다른 척추동물 종에서 꽤 보편적인 행동 방어 반응이다.
▢ behavioral:① 행동의 ② 행동에 관한 ▢ defensive:① 방어적인 ② 수세의 ▢ mammals:① 포유류 ② 포유동물 ▢ trio:① 삼중창 ② 삼중창단 ▢ universal:① 보편적인 ② 전 세계의 ▢ vertebrate:척추 동물
ⓖ 앤동 ⓥ defensive↔offensive ⓥ fairly↔unfairly ⓥ freeze↔melt ⓟ of in


2. But some species have other options available, such as "playing dead," which is also called tonic immobility. {8.7 = 6.7 + 1 + 1}
그러나 어떤 종들은 '긴장성 부동화'라고도 불리는 '죽은 체하기'와 같은 가능한 다른 선택 사항을 가지고 있다.
▢ immobility:① 부동 ② 고정 ▢ options:① 선택 ② 옵션 ▢ tonic:① 강장제 ② 원기를 돋우는 것
Ⓟ such as:1.같은 2.등 3.예를 들면 4.이러한 5.특히 ⓖ 콜드 ⓥ available↔unavailable ⓥ immobility↔mobility ⓝ such ⓟ such asⓒ But ⓘ But ⓘ also


3. Like freezing, this behavior can help prevent attack, but whereas in freezing muscles are contracted and poised to be used in fight or flight, in tonic immobility the muscles of the body are relaxed. {25.9 = 17.9 + 8 + 0}
움직이지 않기처럼 이 행동은 공격을 막는 것을 도와 줄 수 있지만 /, 움직이지 않기에서 근육들이 수축되고 싸우기나 도망치기에서 (근육들이) 사용될 태세를 갖추는 반면, 긴장성 부동화에서는 신체의 근육들이 이완된다.
▢ attack:① 공격하다 ② 발작 ▢ contracted:① 찌푸린 ② 수축된 ▢ immobility:① 부동 ② 고정 ▢ muscles:근육 ▢ poised:① 태세를 갖춘 ② 준비가 된 ▢ tonic:① 강장제 ② 원기를 돋우는 것
ⓖ 5형식 ⓖ 감정분사 ⓖ 비피- ⓖ 앤동 ⓖ 이디끝 ⓖ 접전 ⓖ 투비피 ⓖ 투생략 ⓥ attack↔defend ⓥ behavior↔misbehavior ⓥ contract↔dilate ⓥ immobility↔mobility ⓥ prevent↔predict ⓟ in in in of


4. Another such response is defensive burying: Rodents will use their paws and head to shovel dirt toward an aversive stimulus. {22.9 = 20.9 + 2 + 0}
또 다른 그러한 반응은 '방어적 파묻기'인데, 설치류는 혐오 자극을 향하여 흙을 파는 데 자신의 발과 머리를 사용할 것이다.
▢ aversive:① 싫은 것을 피하는 ② 혐오의 표정을 나타낸 ▢ burying:① 매장 ② 매장의 ▢ defensive:① 방어적인 ② 수세의 ▢ dirt:① 흙 ② 먼지 ▢ paws:① 발 ② 필적 ▢ response:① 반응 ② 대응 ▢ rodents:① 설치류 동물 ② 설치류의 ▢ shovel:① 삽 ② 삽질하다 ▢ stimulus:① 자극 ② 부양책
ⓖ 앤동 ⓖ 특전 ⓥ defensive↔offensive ⓝ such their ⓟ towardⓘ Another


5. Other behavioral options include making loud noises, retreating into a shell, rolling into a tight ball, choosing to live in a predator-free area such as underground,or relying on safety in numbers by living in a group. {14.7 = 11.7 + 3 + 0}
다른 행동 선택 사항에는 큰 소리 내기, 껍데기 안으로 들어가기, 단단한 공 모양으로 말기, 땅속과 같이 포식자가 없는 장소에서 살기로 정하기 또는 무리를 지어 삶으로써 수적인 안전성에 의지하기가 포함된다.
▢ behavioral:① 행동의 ② 행동에 관한 ▢ options:① 선택 ② 옵션 ▢ predator:① 포식자 ② 약탈자 ▢ relying:① 의지하다 ② 믿다 ▢ retreating:① 퇴각 ② 은퇴
Ⓟ in numbers:1.분책으로 2.어떤 수로 ⓖ 분사구 ⓖ 콤올잉 ⓖ 콤잉 ⓥ include↔exclude ⓥ rely↔distrust ⓥ retreat↔advance ⓥ tight↔loose ⓝ such ⓟ into into in such as on in by in


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1712-22

1. Katherine Schreiber and Leslie Sim, experts on exercise addiction, recognized that smartwatches and fitness trackers have probably inspired sedentary people to take up exercise, and encouraged people who aren't very active to exercise more consistently. {22.0 = 18.0 + 3 + 1}
운동 중독에 관한 전문가인 Katherine Schreiber와 Leslie Sim은 아마도 스마트 시계와 건강 추적기가 주로 앉아서 지내는 사람들이 운동을 시작하도록 격려해 왔고 별로 활동적이지 않은 사람들이 더 지속적으로 운동을 하도록 장려해 왔음을 인정했다.
▢ addiction:① 중독 ② 과몰입 ▢ consistently:① 시종일관하여 ② 견실히 ▢ fitness:① 건강 ② 운동 ▢ sedentary:① 앉아서 하는 ② 앉아 있는 ▢ smartwatches:스마트워치 ▢ trackers:추적자, 수색자
Ⓟ take up:1.차지하다 2.걸리다 3.시작하다 4.받아들이다 5.들이다 ⓖ 앤동 ⓖ 콤피 ⓖ 햅피 ⓥ active↔extinct ⓥ encourage↔discourage ⓥ fitness↔unfitness ⓥ inspir↔discourag ⓥ more↔less ⓟ on


2. But they were convinced the devices were also quite dangerous. {3.4 = 2.4 + 0 + 1}
하지만 그들은 그 장치들이 또한 상당히 위험하다고 확신했다.
▢ convinced:① 확신하는 ② 설득했다
ⓥ convinc↔unconvinc ⓝ theyⓒ But ⓘ But ⓘ also


3. Schreiber explained that focusing on numbers separates people from being in tune with their body. {4.5 = 3.5 + 1 + 0}
Schreiber는 숫자에 집중하는 것이 사람들을 자신의 몸과 조화를 이루는 것으로부터 분리한다고 설명했다.
▢ tune:① 조율하다 ② 곡
ⓖ 동전 ⓥ separate↔unite ⓝ their ⓟ on from in with


4. Exercising becomes mindless, which is 'the goal' of addiction. {8.0 = 6.0 + 2 + 0}
운동하는 것은 아무런 생각이 없게 되는데, 그것이 중독의 '목표'이다.
▢ addiction:① 중독 ② 과몰입 ▢ mindless:① 지성이 없는 ② 무심한
ⓖ 첫잉콤 ⓖ 콤위치 ⓟ of


5. This 'goal' that she mentioned is a sort of automatic mindlessness, the outsourcing of decision making to a device. {12.2 = 12.2 + 0 + 0}
그녀가 언급했던 이 '목표'는 일종의 무의식적 분별없음, 즉 의사 결정을 장치에 위임하는 것이다.
▢ automatic:① 자동의 ② 자연적으로 ▢ mindlessness:무분별함 ▢ outsourcing:① 외부 조달 ② 외부 위탁 ▢ sort:① 분류하다 ② 정렬하다
Ⓟ decision making:1.결정하는 2.의사 결정 3.판단 4.결재 ⓝ she ⓟ of of


6. She recently sustained a stress fracture in her foot because she refused to listen to her overworked body, instead continuing to run toward an unreasonable workout target. {23.7 = 19.7 + 2 + 2}
그녀는 혹사당한 몸에 귀 기울이는 것을 거부하고 대신에 터무니 없는 운동 목표를 향하여 계속해서 달렸기 때문에 최근 자신의 발에 피로 골절을 입었다.
▢ continuing:① 갱신할 필요가 없는 ② 연속된 ▢ fracture:① 골절 ② 파괴 ▢ overworked:① 과로한 ② 진부한 ▢ sustained:① 지속된 ② 한결같은 ▢ target:① 목표 ② 대상 ▢ unreasonable:① 불합리한 ② 무리한 ▢ workout:① 되다 ② 운동하다
Ⓟ stress fracture:피로 골절 ⓖ 잇츠피 ⓖ 특전 ⓥ refuse↔allow ⓥ sustain↔suspend ⓥ unreasonable↔reasonable ⓝ She her she her ⓟ in toward


7. Schreiber has suffered from addictive exercise tendencies, and vows not to use wearable tech when she works out. {17.0 = 13.0 + 4 + 0}
Schreiber는 중독적인 운동 성향으로 고통을 겪어왔고, 운동할 때 / 웨어러블 기기를 사용하지 않기로 맹세한다.
▢ addictive:① 중독성의 ② 습관화된 ▢ tendencies:① 경향 ② 성향 ▢ vows:① 맹세 ② 서약 ▢ wearable:① 의복 ② 입을 수 있는
ⓖ 동전 ⓖ 전명전명 ⓖ 투부정사 ⓖ 햅피 ⓝ she ⓟ from


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1712-23

1. Your sense of smell links you directly with your feelings, instincts and memories. {2.4 = 2.4 + 0 + 0}
여러분의 후각은 여러분을 자신의 감정, 본능 그리고 기억과 직접 이어준다.
▢ instincts:① 본능 ② 타고난 재능 ▢ links:① 골프코스 ② 모래땅
ⓥ link↔disconnectedness ⓟ of with


2. Scents have the power to stimulate states of well-being. {4.1 = 2.1 + 2 + 0}
향기는 행복한 상태를 촉진하는 힘을 가지고 있다.
▢ stimulate:① 자극하다 ② 촉진시키다
ⓖ 잉끝 ⓖ 명빼잉 ⓟ of


3. By utilizing aromas in your daily habits, you can enjoy the advantages of an intense state of health. {9.3 = 9.3 + 0 + 0}
여러분의 매일 습관 속에서 향기를 활용함으로써 여러분은 건강의 강렬한 상태의 장점들을 즐길 수 있다.
▢ aromas:① 향기 ② 방향 ▢ intense:① 강렬한 ② 심한 ▢ utilizing:① ~을 이용하다 ② 활용하다
ⓥ advantage↔disadvantage ⓥ intense↔moderate ⓟ By in of of


4. Find a scent that you like and inhale its perfume at times when you're feeling calmed and at peace. {4.3 = 3.3 + 1 + 0}
여러분이 좋아하는 한 향기를 찾아서 진정되고 평온함을 느낄 때 / 그 향기를 들이마셔라.
▢ inhale:① 흡입하다 ② 삼키다 ▢ perfume:① 향수 ② 향기
Ⓟ at times:1.때때로 2.이 때 3.가끔 4.종종 5.자주 ⓖ 첫동 ⓥ inhale↔exhale ⓝ its ⓟ at at


5. Perhaps it's the incense that you burn during meditation, a torch that you light during a calming bath,or an aromatic oil spray that you put on your cushion before bedtime. {16.9 = 14.9 + 2 + 0}
아마 그것은 명상 중에 여러분이 태우는 향, 편안함을 주는 목욕 동안 여러분이 불을 붙이는 등, 혹은 취침시간 전에 여러분이 쿠션에 뿌리는 아로마 오일 스프레이일 것이다.
▢ aromatic:① 방향족의 ② 방향제 ▢ bedtime:① 취침 시간 ② 자기 전의 ▢ incense:① 향 ② 향연기 ▢ meditation:명상 ▢ torch:① 성화 ② 전등
Ⓟ put on:1.입다 2.쓰다 3.신다 ⓖ 관잉 ⓖ 콤명접 ⓝ it ⓟ during during on before


6. In time, your body will connect these relaxed feelings with the usage of that specific scent. {7.2 = 5.2 + 2 + 0}
이윽고 여러분의 몸은 이러한 편안해진 감정들을 그 특정한 향기의 사용과 연결 짓게 될 것이다.
▢ specific:① 특정한 ② 구체적인 ▢ usage:① 사용 ② 활용
ⓖ 감정분사 ⓖ 특명 ⓥ connect↔disconnect ⓥ specific↔general ⓟ In with of


7. When you encounter a moment of stress, you can smell the aroma that you connect with a state of relax and that will produce a calming response throughout your whole body. {9.0 = 8.0 + 1 + 0}
스트레스 순간을 맞닥뜨리게 되면 여러분은 편안한 상태와 연결 되는 향기를 맡을 수가 있고, 그것이 여러분의 몸 전체를 통해 진정 반응을 일으킬 것이다.
▢ aroma:① 향기 ② 방향 ▢ encounter:① 만나다 ② 마주치다 ▢ response:① 반응 ② 대응
ⓖ 관잉 ⓥ connect↔disconnect ⓥ produce↔consume ⓥ whole↔partial ⓟ of with of throughout


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1712-25

1. Francis Crick, the Nobel Prize-winning codiscoverer of the structure of the DNA molecule, was born in Northampton, England in 1916. {15.7 = 11.7 + 4 + 0}
DNA 분자 구조의 공동 발견자로 노벨상을 수상한 Francis Crick은 1916년 영국 Northampton에서 태어났다.
▢ codiscoverer:공동 발견자 ▢ crick:① 근육 경련 ② 근육 경련을 일으키다 ▢ molecule:분자 ▢ structure:① 구조 ② 구성하다
ⓖ 먼동사 ⓖ 먼동사 ⓖ 명빼잉 ⓖ 주설 ⓟ of of in in


2. He attended University College London, where he studied physics, graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1937. {9.2 = 6.2 + 3 + 0}
그는 University College London을 다녔고, 그곳에서 물리학을 공부했고, 1937년 이학학사 학위로 졸업했다.
▢ bachelor:① 학사 ② 미혼 남자 ▢ graduating:① 졸업생 ② 대학원생
Ⓟ bachelor of science:1.이학사 2.(약어)BS 3.B.Sc. ⓖ 동전 ⓖ 콤웨어 ⓖ 콤잉 ⓥ attend↔neglect ⓝ He he ⓟ with of in


3. He soon began conducting research toward a Ph.D., but his path was interrupted by the outbreak of World War Ⅱ. {8.8 = 7.8 + 1 + 0}
그는 곧 박사 학위를 위한 연구를 시작했지만, 그의 행로는 제2차 세계대전의 발발로 중단됐다.
▢ conducting:지휘 ▢ interrupted:① 가로막힌 ② 중단된 ▢ outbreak:① 폭발 ② 돌발
Ⓟ world war:1.2차대전 2.1차대전 3.세계 대전 ⓖ 특전 ⓥ interrupted↔interpreted ⓝ He his ⓟ toward by of


4. During the war, he was involved in naval weapons research, working on the development of magnetic and acoustic mines. {10.0 = 9.0 + 1 + 0}
전쟁 중에 그는 자기 음향 기뢰 개발을 위해 노력하면서 해군 무기 연구에 참여했다.
▢ acoustic:① 청각의 ② 소리의 ▢ involved:① 관련된 ② 관여하는 ▢ naval:① 해군의 ② 해상의 ▢ weapons:① ~을 무장하다 ② 무기
ⓖ 콤잉 ⓥ involve↔exclude ⓥ magnetic↔geographic ⓝ he ⓟ During in on of


5. After the war, Dr. R. V. Jones, the head of Britain's wartime scientific intelligence, asked Crick to continue the work, but Crick decided to continue his studies, this time in biology. {16.7 = 14.7 + 2 + 0}
전쟁이 끝난 후, 영국의 전시 과학 정보 부장인 Dr. R. V. Jones는 Crick이 그 연구를 계속하기를 요청했지만, Crick은 이번에는 생물학에서 자신의 학업을 계속하기로 결심했다.
▢ biology:생물학 ▢ crick:① 근육 경련 ② 근육 경련을 일으키다 ▢ intelligence:① 지능 ② 정보 ▢ wartime:① 전시 ② 전시의
ⓖ 5형식 ⓖ 콤피 ⓥ continue↔cease ⓥ intelligence↔stupidity ⓝ his ⓟ of in


6. In 1951, Crick met James Watson, a young American biologist, at the Strangeways Research Laboratory. {6.4 = 6.4 + 0 + 0}
1951년에 Crick은 젊은 미국 생물학자인 James Watson을 Strangeways Research Laboratory에서 만났다.
▢ biologist:생물학자 ▢ crick:① 근육 경련 ② 근육 경련을 일으키다 ▢ laboratory:① 연구실 ② 실험실
ⓟ In at


7. They formed a collaborative working relationship solving the mysteries of the structure of DNA. {5.3 = 4.3 + 1 + 0}
그들은 DNA 구조의 비밀을 푸는 공동 연구 관계를 형성했다.
▢ collaborative:① 협력적인 ② 합작의 ▢ structure:① 구조 ② 구성하다
ⓖ 관명잉 ⓝ They ⓟ of ofⓘ They


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THE BLUET 1712 | Since 2005 임희재 블루티쳐 | 01033383436 | wayne.tistory.com | wayne36@daum.net | 191021 13:49:10

단어의 뜻
1712-20
1. assuming ① 건방진 ② 거만한
2. constant ① 일정한 ② 지속적인
3. destination ① 목적지 ② 관광지
4. famine ① 기근 ② 기아
5. lacked ① 결핍되다 ② 없다
6. paced ① 보측된 ② 걸음이 ~인
7. poll ① 여론조사 ② 선거
8. rush ① 서두르다 ② 급한
9. trap ① 가두다 ② 덫



1712-21
1. attack ① 공격하다 ② 발작
2. aversive ① 싫은 것을 피하는 ② 혐오의 표정을 나타낸
3. behavioral ① 행동의 ② 행동에 관한
4. burying ① 매장 ② 매장의
5. contracted ① 찌푸린 ② 수축된
6. defensive ① 방어적인 ② 수세의
7. dirt ① 흙 ② 먼지
8. immobility ① 부동 ② 고정
9. mammals ① 포유류 ② 포유동물
10. muscles 근육
11. options ① 선택 ② 옵션
12. paws ① 발 ② 필적
13. poised ① 태세를 갖춘 ② 준비가 된
14. predator ① 포식자 ② 약탈자
15. relying ① 의지하다 ② 믿다
16. response ① 반응 ② 대응
17. retreating ① 퇴각 ② 은퇴
18. rodents ① 설치류 동물 ② 설치류의
19. shovel ① 삽 ② 삽질하다
20. stimulus ① 자극 ② 부양책
21. tonic ① 강장제 ② 원기를 돋우는 것
22. trio ① 삼중창 ② 삼중창단
23. universal ① 보편적인 ② 전 세계의
24. vertebrate 척추 동물



1712-22
1. addiction ① 중독 ② 과몰입
2. addictive ① 중독성의 ② 습관화된
3. automatic ① 자동의 ② 자연적으로
4. consistently ① 시종일관하여 ② 견실히
5. continuing ① 갱신할 필요가 없는 ② 연속된
6. convinced ① 확신하는 ② 설득했다
7. fitness ① 건강 ② 운동
8. fracture ① 골절 ② 파괴
9. mindless ① 지성이 없는 ② 무심한
10. outsourcing ① 외부 조달 ② 외부 위탁
11. overworked ① 과로한 ② 진부한
12. sedentary ① 앉아서 하는 ② 앉아 있는
13. smartwatches 스마트워치
14. sort ① 분류하다 ② 정렬하다
15. sustained ① 지속된 ② 한결같은
16. target ① 목표 ② 대상
17. tendencies ① 경향 ② 성향
18. trackers 추적자, 수색자
19. tune ① 조율하다 ② 곡
20. unreasonable ① 불합리한 ② 무리한
21. vows ① 맹세 ② 서약
22. wearable ① 의복 ② 입을 수 있는
23. workout ① 되다 ② 운동하다



1712-23
1. aroma ① 향기 ② 방향
2. bedtime ① 취침 시간 ② 자기 전의
3. encounter ① 만나다 ② 마주치다
4. incense ① 향 ② 향연기
5. inhale ① 흡입하다 ② 삼키다
6. instincts ① 본능 ② 타고난 재능
7. intense ① 강렬한 ② 심한
8. links ① 골프코스 ② 모래땅
9. meditation 명상
10. perfume ① 향수 ② 향기
11. response ① 반응 ② 대응
12. specific ① 특정한 ② 구체적인
13. stimulate ① 자극하다 ② 촉진시키다
14. torch ① 성화 ② 전등
15. usage ① 사용 ② 활용
16. utilizing ① ~을 이용하다 ② 활용하다



1712-25
1. acoustic ① 청각의 ② 소리의
2. bachelor ① 학사 ② 미혼 남자
3. biologist 생물학자
4. biology 생물학
5. codiscoverer 공동 발견자
6. collaborative ① 협력적인 ② 합작의
7. conducting 지휘
8. crick ① 근육 경련 ② 근육 경련을 일으키다
9. graduating ① 졸업생 ② 대학원생
10. intelligence ① 지능 ② 정보
11. interrupted ① 가로막힌 ② 중단된
12. involved ① 관련된 ② 관여하는
13. laboratory ① 연구실 ② 실험실
14. molecule 분자
15. naval ① 해군의 ② 해상의
16. outbreak ① 폭발 ② 돌발
17. structure ① 구조 ② 구성하다
18. wartime ① 전시 ② 전시의
19. weapons ① ~을 무장하다 ② 무기



1712-28
1. bucket ① 양동이 ② 버킷
2. constant ① 일정한 ② 지속적인
3. dangle ① 매달리다 ② 매달다
4. demonstrate ① 증명하다 ② 입증하다
5. drained ① 피로하여 지친 ② 녹초가 된
6. flame ① 화염 ② 불꽃
7. indicating ① 나타내다 ② 가리키다
8. knots ① 매듭 ② 노트
9. markings ① 표 ② 반점
10. passage ① 통과 ② 통로
11. punching ① 사람을 세게 치다 ② 한 대 치기
12. recovered 회복한



1712-29
1. affect ① 영향을 주다 ② 작용하다
2. compound ① 화합물 ② 복합의
3. deconstruct ① ~을 해체하다 ② 원문분석
4. depression ① 우울 ② 침체
5. dispel ① 떨쳐버리다 ② 불식
6. lack ① 부족 ② ~이 없다
7. motivation ① 동기 부여 ② 욕구
8. suffer ① 겪다 ② 고통을 받다



1712-30
1. beast ① 비스트 ② 짐승
2. respective ① 각각의 ② 각자의



1712-31
1. habitual ① 습관적인 ② 상습적인
2. latched 신발끈
3. norm ① 규범 ② 기준
4. require ① 필요하다 ② 요구하다
5. stability ① 안정 ② 안전
6. underwear ① 속옷 ② 내의
7. unstable ① 불안정한 ② 변하기 쉬운



1712-32
1. basically ① 기본적으로 ② 다시 말하면
2. converts ① ~을 변하게 하다 ② 개조하다
3. deaf ① 청각 장애의 ② 들으려고 하지 않는
4. distinction ① 구별 ② 차이
5. electrical ① 전기의 ② 전자의
6. frequency ① 주파수 ② 빈도
7. inefficient ① 비능률적인 ② 효과 없는
8. interpreted ① ~의 뜻을 밝히다 ② ~을 해석하다
9. specialized ① 전문의 ② 분화한
10. vibrating ① 진동하다 ② 반향하다
11. vibration ① 진동 ② 떨림



1712-33
1. acquire ① 얻다 ② 인수하다
2. advertise ① 광고하다 ② 홍보하다
3. conspicuous ① 과시적 ② 눈에 띄는
4. consumption ① 소비 ② 소비량
5. demand ① 요구하다 ② 수요
6. desire ① 욕망 ② 싶다
7. economist ① 경제학자 ② 경제전문가
8. equivalents ① 해당하는 ② 맞먹는
9. exclude ① 제외하다 ② 배제하다
10. formulated ① ~을 명확히 나타내다 ② ~을 고안하다
11. increase ① 증가하다 ② 늘리다
12. labels ① 라벨 ② 쇠시리
13. luxury ① 고급의 ② 명품
14. noticeably ① 두드러지게 ② 현저하게
15. status ① 상태 ② 지위
16. temporary ① 일시적인 ② 임시의
17. theory ① 이론 ② 견해
18. willingness ① 의사 ② 의지



1712-34
1. adolescence ① 청소년기 ② 사춘기
2. adulthood ① 성인기 ② 성인임
3. appreciation ① 이해 ② 감사
4. capacity ① 능력 ② 용량
5. changeable ① 변화무쌍 ② 변덕스러운
6. characteristics ① 특성 ② 독특한
7. cognitive ① 인식의 ② 인지의
8. compensate ① 보상하다 ② 보완하다
9. decades ① 십년간 ② 수십년
10. encountered ① 마주치다 ② ~과 만나다
11. evident ① 명백한 ② 분명한
12. function ① 기능 ② 역할
13. instance ① 예 ② 사례
14. maturation ① 원숙 ② 화농
15. neuron ① 뉴런 ② 신경 단위
16. plasticity ① 가소성 ② 유연성
17. property ① 특성 ② 재산
18. response ① 반응 ② 대응
19. restoration ① 복원 ② 복구
20. retains ① ~을 유지하다 ② 고용하고 있다
21. significant ① 중요한 ② 상당한
22. span ① 걸치다 ② 기간
23. structure ① 구조 ② 구성하다
24. suffer ① 겪다 ② 고통을 받다



1712-35
1. acquire ① 얻다 ② 인수하다
2. convince ① 설득하다 ② 확신시키다
3. credentials ① 자격 ② 자격 인증서, 자격증
4. cyber ① 사이버 ② 컴퓨터의
5. digital ① 디지털의 ② 전자제품의
6. drastically ① 과감하게 ② 철저히
7. electronic ① 전자기기 ② 전자의
8. fraud ① 사기 ② 분식
9. identity ① 정체성 ② 자신
10. individuals ① 개개의 ② 특정한 사람의
11. ingredient ① 재료 ② 성분
12. intercept ① 요격하다 ② 방해
13. presence ① 존재 ② 영향력
14. theft ① 절도죄 ② 도둑질
15. victims ① 희생 ② 속는 사람



1712-36
1. attend ① 참석하다 ② 다니다
2. experiential ① 경험에 의한 ② 경험상의
3. flexible ① 유연한 ② 신축성 있는
4. formal ① 공식적인 ② 정식의
5. formulated ① ~을 명확히 나타내다 ② ~을 고안하다
6. iceberg 빙산
7. informal ① 비공식 ② 비형식
8. invisible ① 눈에 보이지 않는 ② 투명한
9. lifelong ① 평생의 ② 일생 동안의
10. metaphor ① 은유 ② 암유
11. portion ① 부분 ② 일부
12. recreation ① 레크리에이션 ② 휴양
13. reverse ① 반대의 ② 뒤집다



1712-37
1. access ① 접근 ② 이용
2. affect ① 영향을 주다 ② 작용하다
3. cathedrals ① 대성당 ② 주교좌의
4. determine ① 결정하다 ② 밝히다
5. inspire ① 영감을 주다 ② 고무하다
6. intimately ① 친밀하게 ② 친하게
7. playfulness ① 회롱 ② 농담
8. reveal ① 보여주다 ② 드러내다
9. structure ① 구조 ② 구성하다
10. underlying ① 기초를 이루는 ② 근원적인



1712-38
1. arena ① 장 ② 영역
2. centre ① 센터 ② 중심
3. cleared ① 밝은 ② 투명한
4. continually ① 계속해서 ② 지속적으로
5. excavation ① 발굴 ② 출토품
6. foundations ① 재단 ② 기반
7. gymnasium ① 체육관 ② 경기장
8. intellectual ① 지적인 ② 지식인
9. occupied ① 차지하다 ② 끌다
10. realised =realize
11. referred ① 조회하다 ② 지시하다
12. sanctuary ① 보호구역 ② 성역
13. significant ① 중요한 ② 상당한
14. structure ① 구조 ② 구성하다
15. traces ① 자취 ② 자취
16. uncovered ① 폭로된 ② 모자를 벗은
17. wooded ① 나무에 덮인 ② 숲이 있는



1712-39
1. borrowed ① 차용한 ② 빌린
2. contributor ① 기여 ② 공헌자
3. crisis ① 위기 ② 문제
4. domestic ① 국내의 ② 내수
5. economic ① 경제의 ② 경기의
6. economies ① 할인 가격으로 ② 경제적인
7. financial ① 금융의 ② 경제의
8. funds ① 자금 ② 소지금
9. globalization ① 세계화 ② 국제화
10. instability ① 불안정한 성질 ② 변하기 쉬움
11. invest ① 투자하다 ② 투입하다
12. liberalization ① 자유화 ② 자유주의화
13. limited ① 한정된 ② 제한을 받은
14. manage ① 관리하다 ② 운영하다
15. regulatory ① 규제의 ② 조정력을 가진
16. scope ① 범위 ② 영역
17. sow ① 뿌리다 ② 암퇘지
18. theory ① 이론 ② 견해



1712-40
1. acceptance ① 수용 ② 받아들임
2. achievements ① 성취 ② 업적
3. allocated ① ~을 떼어 놓다 ② ~의 위치를 정하다
4. convenience ① 편의 ② 편리
5. defined 정의된
6. distribution ① 분포 ② 분배
7. division ① ...부 ② 분단
8. equals ① 동등한 사람 ② 동배
9. fluidity ① 유동질 ② 유동
10. hierarchical ① 계급제의 ② 성직자 위계제의
11. hierarchy ① 계급 제도 ② 계층제
12. individual ① 개인의 ② 개별의
13. inequality ① 불평등 ② 불균형
14. minimal ① 최소의 ② 아주 작은
15. norm ① 규범 ② 기준
16. relates ① ~을 이야기하다 ② ~을 관련시키다
17. relatively ① 비교적으로 ② 상대적으로
18. term ① 임기 ② 용어
19. unequal ① 불공평한 ② 동등하지 않은



1712-4142
1. afterward ① 그후 ② 곧 이어
2. anxious ① 불안한 ② 하고 싶어하는
3. cognitive ① 인식의 ② 인지의
4. content ① 콘텐츠 ② 내용
5. disturbed ① 수면을 방해하다 ② 방해하다
6. fatal ① 치명적인 ② 죽음에 이르는
7. featuring ① 보여준 ② 등장
8. flashbacks ① 플래시백 ② 회상 장면
9. functioned ① 기능 ② 의식
10. horrific ① 무서운 ② 끔찍한
11. imperfectly 불완전하게
12. indeed ① 정말로 ② 사실은
13. initial ① 초기의 ② 원래의
14. lab ① 연구실 ② 실험실
15. otherwise ① 그렇지 않으면 ② 다른
16. participants ① 참가자 ② 참여자
17. psychiatric ① 정신 의학의 ② 정신과의
18. recalled ① ~을 상기하다 ② 회수하다
19. replayed ① 재시합 ② 재현
20. reported ① 보고 ② 성적 보고서
21. rotating ① 회전하다 ② 순환하다
22. simulation ① 모의 실험 ② 가장
23. soaked ① 흠뻑 젖은 ② 「~이 스며든」의 뜻
24. solidifying ① 응고시키다 ② 단결시키다
25. symptoms ① 징후 ② 증상
26. term ① 임기 ② 용어
27. trauma ① 정신적 충격 ② 외상
28. traumatized 심적 외상을 입은
29. vaccine 백신



1712-4345
1. concentration ① 농축 ② 집중
2. delight ① 기쁘게 하다 ② 기쁨
3. ditch ① 버리다 ② 도랑
4. eyesight ① 시력 ② 시야
5. heaved ① 올리다 ② ~을 움직이다
6. instruction ① 교육 ② 지시
7. octogenarian ① 80세의 ② 80세의 사람
8. patted ① 가볍게 두드리다 ② 가벼운 발소리를 내다
9. plight ① 곤경 ② 역경
10. reverse ① 반대의 ② 뒤집다
11. stranded ① 묶인 ② 오도가도 못하는
12. struggles ① 버둥거리다 ② 분투하다
13. vehicle ① 차량 ② 자동차
14. weathered ① 풍화된 ② 비바람을 맞은






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THE BLUET 1712 | Since 2005 임희재 블루티쳐 | 01033383436 | wayne.tistory.com | wayne36@daum.net | 191021 13:46:22

다음 단어의 뜻을 쓰세요.
1712-20
1. assuming
2. constant
3. destination
4. famine
5. lacked
6. paced
7. poll
8. rush
9. trap

1712-21
10. attack
11. aversive
12. behavioral
13. burying
14. contracted
15. defensive
16. dirt
17. immobility
18. mammals
19. muscles
20. options
21. paws
22. poised
23. predator
24. relying
25. response
26. retreating
27. rodents
28. shovel
29. stimulus
30. tonic
31. trio
32. universal
33. vertebrate

1712-22
34. addiction
35. addictive
36. automatic
37. consistently
38. continuing
39. convinced
40. fitness
41. fracture
42. mindless
43. outsourcing
44. overworked
45. sedentary
46. smartwatches
47. sort
48. sustained
49. target
50. tendencies
51. trackers
52. tune
53. unreasonable
54. vows
55. wearable
56. workout

1712-23
57. aroma
58. bedtime
59. encounter
60. incense
61. inhale
62. instincts
63. intense
64. links
65. meditation
66. perfume
67. response
68. specific
69. stimulate
70. torch
71. usage
72. utilizing

1712-25
73. acoustic
74. bachelor
75. biologist
76. biology
77. codiscoverer
78. collaborative
79. conducting
80. crick
81. graduating
82. intelligence
83. interrupted
84. involved
85. laboratory
86. molecule
87. naval
88. outbreak
89. structure
90. wartime
91. weapons

1712-28
92. bucket
93. constant
94. dangle
95. demonstrate
96. drained
97. flame
98. indicating
99. knots
100. markings
101. passage
102. punching
103. recovered

1712-29
104. affect
105. compound
106. deconstruct
107. depression
108. dispel
109. lack
110. motivation
111. suffer

1712-30
112. beast
113. respective

1712-31
114. habitual
115. latched
116. norm
117. require
118. stability
119. underwear
120. unstable

1712-32
121. basically
122. converts
123. deaf
124. distinction
125. electrical
126. frequency
127. inefficient
128. interpreted
129. specialized
130. vibrating
131. vibration

1712-33
132. acquire
133. advertise
134. conspicuous
135. consumption
136. demand
137. desire
138. economist
139. equivalents
140. exclude
141. formulated
142. increase
143. labels
144. luxury
145. noticeably
146. status
147. temporary
148. theory
149. willingness

1712-34
150. adolescence
151. adulthood
152. appreciation
153. capacity
154. changeable
155. characteristics
156. cognitive
157. compensate
158. decades
159. encountered
160. evident
161. function
162. instance
163. maturation
164. neuron
165. plasticity
166. property
167. response
168. restoration
169. retains
170. significant
171. span
172. structure
173. suffer

1712-35
174. acquire
175. convince
176. credentials
177. cyber
178. digital
179. drastically
180. electronic
181. fraud
182. identity
183. individuals
184. ingredient
185. intercept
186. presence
187. theft
188. thieves
189. victims

1712-36
190. attend
191. experiential
192. flexible
193. formal
194. formulated
195. iceberg
196. informal
197. invisible
198. lifelong
199. metaphor
200. portion
201. recreation
202. reverse

1712-37
203. access
204. affect
205. cathedrals
206. determine
207. inspire
208. intimately
209. playfulness
210. reveal
211. structure
212. underlying

1712-38
213. arena
214. centre
215. cleared
216. continually
217. excavation
218. foundations
219. gymnasium
220. intellectual
221. occupied
222. realised
223. referred
224. sanctuary
225. significant
226. structure
227. traces
228. uncovered
229. wooded

1712-39
230. borrowed
231. contributor
232. crisis
233. domestic
234. economic
235. economies
236. financial
237. funds
238. globalization
239. instability
240. invest
241. liberalization
242. limited
243. manage
244. regulatory
245. scope
246. sow
247. theory

1712-40
248. acceptance
249. achievements
250. allocated
251. convenience
252. defined
253. distribution
254. division
255. equals
256. fluidity
257. hierarchical
258. hierarchy
259. individual
260. inequality
261. minimal
262. norm
263. relates
264. relatively
265. term
266. unequal

1712-4142
267. afterward
268. anxious
269. cognitive
270. content
271. disturbed
272. fatal
273. featuring
274. flashbacks
275. functioned
276. horrific
277. imperfectly
278. indeed
279. initial
280. lab
281. otherwise
282. participants
283. psychiatric
284. recalled
285. replayed
286. reported
287. rotating
288. simulation
289. soaked
290. solidifying
291. symptoms
292. term
293. trauma
294. traumatized
295. vaccine

1712-4345
296. concentration
297. delight
298. ditch
299. eyesight
300. heaved
301. instruction
302. octogenarian
303. patted
304. plight
305. reverse
306. stranded
307. struggles
308. vehicle
309. weathered


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THE BLUET 1712 | Since 2005 임희재 블루티쳐 | 01033383436 | wayne.tistory.com | wayne36@daum.net | 191021 13:43:14

1712-20
① Are you a 'rushaholic'? ② Do you happen to live in a fast-paced city, where you feel in a constant hurry? ③ A recent poll of over 1,000 Americans found that nearly half felt they lacked enough time in daily life. ④ 'Time famine' ― the feeling of having too much to do and not enough time to do it ― is the cause of unnecessary stress and reduced performance. ⑤ We all tend to rush when we have so many things to do, and that negatively affects our performance. ⑥ Doing things quickly actually ends up slowing you down, such as when you rush out of your house only to realize you forgot your keys, phone, or wallet on the kitchen table. ⑦ Driving faster will not get you to your destination any sooner. ⑧ Assuming that by doing things faster you will get more done is a trap.


① 여러분은 '서두름에 중독된 사람'인가? ② 혹시 여러분은 자신들이 끊임없는 서두름 속에 있다고 느끼는 빠른 속도의 도시에 살고 있는가? ③ 1,000명이 넘는 미국인을 대상으로 한 최근 여론 조사는 거의 절반이 일상생활에서 충분한 시간이 부족하다고 느꼈다는 것을 밝혀냈다. ④ 할 것은 너무 많고 그것을 할 시간은 충분하지 않다는 느낌인 '시간 기근'은 불필요한 스트레스와 줄어든 성과의 원인이다. ⑤ 우리 모두는 우리에게 해야 할 일이 매우 많을 때 서두르는 경향이 있고, 그리고 그것이 우리의 성과에 부정적으로 영향을 미친다. ⑥ 급히 일을 하는 것은 여러분이 집에서 급하게 나와 결국 열쇠나 전화기 혹은 지갑을 부엌 식탁 위에 잊고 온 것을 알게 될 때와 같이 실제로는 결국 여러분을 늦어지게 한다. ⑦ 더 빨리 운전하는 것은 여러분을 자신의 목적지에 조금이라도 더 일찍 데려다주지는 않을 것이다. ⑧ 일을 더 빠르게 함으로써 여러분이 더 많이 하게 될 것이라고 가정하는 것은 함정이다.



1712-21
① The trio of freeze, flight, and fight are fairly universal behavioral defensive reactions in mammals and other vertebrate species. ② But some species have other options available, such as "playing dead," which is also called tonic immobility. ③ Like freezing, this behavior can help prevent attack, but whereas in freezing muscles are contracted and poised to be used in fight or flight, in tonic immobility the muscles of the body are relaxed. ④ Another such response is defensive burying: Rodents will use their paws and head to shovel dirt toward an aversive stimulus. ⑤ Other behavioral options include making loud noises, retreating into a shell, rolling into a tight ball, choosing to live in a predator-free area such as underground, or relying on safety in numbers by living in a group.


① 움직이지 않기, 도망치기, 싸우기 이 세 가지는 포유동물과 다른 척추동물 종에서 꽤 보편적인 행동 방어 반응이다. ② 그러나 어떤 종들은 '긴장성 부동화'라고도 불리는 '죽은 체하기'와 같은 가능한 다른 선택 사항을 가지고 있다. ③ 움직이지 않기처럼 이 행동은 공격을 막는 것을 도와 줄 수 있지만, 움직이지 않기에서 근육들이 수축되고 싸우기나 도망치기에서 (근육들이) 사용될 태세를 갖추는 반면, 긴장성 부동화에서는 신체의 근육들이 이완된다. ④ 또 다른 그러한 반응은 '방어적 파묻기'인데, 설치류는 혐오 자극을 향하여 흙을 파는 데 자신의 발과 머리를 사용할 것이다. ⑤ 다른 행동 선택 사항에는 큰 소리 내기, 껍데기 안으로 들어가기, 단단한 공 모양으로 말기, 땅속과 같이 포식자가 없는 장소에서 살기로 정하기 또는 무리를 지어 삶으로써 수적인 안전성에 의지하기가 포함된다.



1712-22
① Katherine Schreiber and Leslie Sim, experts on exercise addiction, recognized that smartwatches and fitness trackers have probably inspired sedentary people to take up exercise, and encouraged people who aren't very active to exercise more consistently. ② But they were convinced the devices were also quite dangerous. ③ Schreiber explained that focusing on numbers separates people from being in tune with their body. ④ Exercising becomes mindless, which is 'the goal' of addiction. ⑤ This 'goal' that she mentioned is a sort of automatic mindlessness, the outsourcing of decision making to a device. ⑥ She recently sustained a stress fracture in her foot because she refused to listen to her overworked body, instead continuing to run toward an unreasonable workout target. ⑦ Schreiber has suffered from addictive exercise tendencies, and vows not to use wearable tech when she works out.


① 운동 중독에 관한 전문가인 Katherine Schreiber와 Leslie Sim은 아마도 스마트 시계와 건강 추적기가 주로 앉아서 지내는 사람들이 운동을 시작하도록 격려해 왔고 별로 활동적이지 않은 사람들이 더 지속적으로 운동을 하도록 장려해 왔음을 인정했다. ② 하지만 그들은 그 장치들이 또한 상당히 위험하다고 확신했다. ③ Schreiber는 숫자에 집중하는 것이 사람들을 자신의 몸과 조화를 이루는 것으로부터 분리한다고 설명했다. ④ 운동하는 것은 아무런 생각이 없게 되는데, 그것이 중독의 '목표'이다. ⑤ 그녀가 언급했던 이 '목표'는 일종의 무의식적 분별없음, 즉 의사 결정을 장치에 위임하는 것이다. ⑥ 그녀는 혹사당한 몸에 귀 기울이는 것을 거부하고 대신에 터무니 없는 운동 목표를 향하여 계속해서 달렸기 때문에 최근 자신의 발에 피로 골절을 입었다. ⑦ Schreiber는 중독적인 운동 성향으로 고통을 겪어왔고, 운동할 때 웨어러블 기기를 사용하지 않기로 맹세한다.



1712-23
① Your sense of smell links you directly with your feelings, instincts and memories. ② Scents have the power to stimulate states of well-being. ③ By utilizing aromas in your daily habits, you can enjoy the advantages of an intense state of health. ④ Find a scent that you like and inhale its perfume at times when you're feeling calmed and at peace. ⑤ Perhaps it's the incense that you burn during meditation, a torch that you light during a calming bath, or an aromatic oil spray that you put on your cushion before bedtime. ⑥ In time, your body will connect these relaxed feelings with the usage of that specific scent. ⑦ When you encounter a moment of stress, you can smell the aroma that you connect with a state of relax and that will produce a calming response throughout your whole body.


① 여러분의 후각은 여러분을 자신의 감정, 본능 그리고 기억과 직접 이어준다. ② 향기는 행복한 상태를 촉진하는 힘을 가지고 있다. ③ 여러분의 매일 습관 속에서 향기를 활용함으로써 여러분은 건강의 강렬한 상태의 장점들을 즐길 수 있다. ④ 여러분이 좋아하는 한 향기를 찾아서 진정되고 평온함을 느낄 때 그 향기를 들이마셔라. ⑤ 아마 그것은 명상 중에 여러분이 태우는 향, 편안함을 주는 목욕 동안 여러분이 불을 붙이는 등, 혹은 취침시간 전에 여러분이 쿠션에 뿌리는 아로마 오일 스프레이일 것이다. ⑥ 이윽고 여러분의 몸은 이러한 편안해진 감정들을 그 특정한 향기의 사용과 연결 짓게 될 것이다. ⑦ 스트레스 순간을 맞닥뜨리게 되면 여러분은 편안한 상태와 연결 되는 향기를 맡을 수가 있고, 그것이 여러분의 몸 전체를 통해 진정 반응을 일으킬 것이다.



1712-25
① Francis Crick, the Nobel Prize-winning codiscoverer of the structure of the DNA molecule, was born in Northampton, England in 1916. ② He attended University College London, where he studied physics, graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1937. ③ He soon began conducting research toward a Ph.D., but his path was interrupted by the outbreak of World War Ⅱ. ④ During the war, he was involved in naval weapons research, working on the development of magnetic and acoustic mines. ⑤ After the war, Dr. R. V. Jones, the head of Britain's wartime scientific intelligence, asked Crick to continue the work, but Crick decided to continue his studies, this time in biology. ⑥ In 1951, Crick met James Watson, a young American biologist, at the Strangeways Research Laboratory. ⑦ They formed a collaborative working relationship solving the mysteries of the structure of DNA.


① DNA 분자 구조의 공동 발견자로 노벨상을 수상한 Francis Crick은 1916년 영국 Northampton에서 태어났다. ② 그는 University College London을 다녔고, 그곳에서 물리학을 공부했고, 1937년 이학학사 학위로 졸업했다. ③ 그는 곧 박사 학위를 위한 연구를 시작했지만, 그의 행로는 제2차 세계대전의 발발로 중단됐다. ④ 전쟁 중에 그는 자기 음향 기뢰 개발을 위해 노력하면서 해군 무기 연구에 참여했다. ⑤ 전쟁이 끝난 후, 영국의 전시 과학 정보 부장인 Dr. R. V. Jones는 Crick이 그 연구를 계속하기를 요청했지만, Crick은 이번에는 생물학에서 자신의 학업을 계속하기로 결심했다. ⑥ 1951년에 Crick은 젊은 미국 생물학자인 James Watson을 Strangeways Research Laboratory에서 만났다. ⑦ 그들은 DNA 구조의 비밀을 푸는 공동 연구 관계를 형성했다.



1712-28
① What comes to mind when we think about time? ② Let us go back to 4,000 B.C. ③ in ancient China where some early clocks were invented. ④ To demonstrate the idea of time to temple students, Chinese priests used to dangle a rope from the temple ceiling with knots representing the hours. ⑤ They would light it with a flame from the bottom so that it burnt evenly, indicating the passage of time. ⑥ Many temples burnt down in those days. ⑦ The priests were obviously not too happy about that until someone invented a clock made of water buckets. ⑧ It worked by punching holes in a large bucket full of water, with markings representing the hours, to allow water to flow out at a constant rate. ⑨ The temple students would then measure time by how fast the bucket drained. ⑩ It was much better than burning ropes for sure, but more importantly, it taught the students that once time was gone, it could never be recovered.


① 우리가 시간에 대해 생각할 때 무엇이 떠오르는가? ② 몇몇 초기의 시계들이 발명됐던 고대 중국의 기원전 4천 년으로 돌아가 보자. ③ 사원의 제자들에게 시간의 개념을 설명하기 위해 중국의 사제들은 시각을 나타내는 매듭이 있는 밧줄을 사원 천장에 매달곤 했다. ④ 그들은 시간의 경과를 보여주면서 그것(밧줄)이 균등하게 타도록 아래부터 그것에 불을 붙였다. ⑤ 많은 사원이 그 당시에 불에 다 타버렸다. ⑥ 어떤 사람이 물 양동이로 만들어진 시계를 발명할 때까지 사제들은 분명히 그것이 썩 마음에 들지 않았다. ⑦ 그것은 시각을 나타내는 표시가 있고 물로 가득 찬 커다란 양동이에 물이 일정한 속도로 흘러나가도록 구멍들을 뚫음으로써 작동했다. ⑧ 그러고 나서 사원 제자들은 얼마나 빠르게 그 양동이에 물이 빠졌는지로 시간을 측정했다. ⑨ 그것은 확실히 밧줄을 태우는 것보다 훨씬 더 나았으나, 더 중요한 것은 그것이 일단 시간이 지나가고 나면 절대로 되찾을 수 없다는 점을 제자들에게 가르쳐 주었다는 것이다.



1712-29
① A lot of people find that physical movement can sometimes dispel negative feelings. ② If we are feeling negative, it can be very easy for us to stop wanting to stay active in our everyday life. ③ This is why many people who suffer from depression are also found sleeping in and having no motivation to go outside or exercise. ④ Unfortunately, this lack of exercise can actually compound many negative emotions. ⑤ Exercise and movement is a great way for us to start getting rid of negative energies. ⑥ Many people find that when they are angry, they go into a state where they want to exercise or clean. ⑦ This is actually a very healthy and positive thing for you to do and a great way for you to begin to deconstruct your negative emotions so that they no longer affect your life and harm your relationships.


① 많은 사람은 신체 움직임이 때때로 부정적인 감정들을 떨쳐버릴 수 있음을 발견한다. ② 만약 우리가 부정적으로 느끼고 있다면, 우리가 일상생활에서 활동적인 상태이고 싶어 하는 것을 멈추기가 매우 쉬울 수 있다. ③ 이것이 또한 우울증을 겪는 많은 사람이 계속 잠을 자고, 외출을 하거나 운동을 하려는 동기가 없는 것으로 발견되는 이유이다. ④ 불행히도, 이러한 운동의 부족이 실제로 많은 부정적인 감정을 악화시킬 수 있다. ⑤ 운동과 움직임은 우리가 부정적인 에너지를 제거하기 시작하는 훌륭한 방법이다. ⑥ 많은 사람은 자신들이 화날 때 그들이 운동을 하거나 청소를 하고 싶은 상태가 된다는 점을 깨닫는다. ⑦ 이것은 사실상 여러분이 하는 매우 건강하고 긍정적인 일이며, 그것(부정적인 감정)들이 더 이상 여러분의 삶에 영향을 미치지 않고 관계를 해치지 않도록 여러분이 자신의 부정적인 감정들을 해체하기 시작하는 훌륭한 방법이다.



1712-30
① A father took his son to the circus. ② Before the show started, he took his son to see the animals in their respective cages ― all except for the elephant that was tied with a rope. ③ Holding his father's hand, the little boy turned to him and said, "Dad, this elephant is so big and strong. ④ He can kick the rope and run away. ⑤ Why doesn't he? ⑥ "No matter how hard he tried to think of an intelligent answer, the father didn't have a good one to give his son. ⑦ So, he suggested to his son that he go ask the question to the elephant trainer. ⑧ When the boy saw the trainer passing by, he asked why the beast didn't try to escape. ⑨ The trainer said, "When this elephant was a baby, we tied the same rope to his foot and the tree. ⑩ The elephant couldn't break free, and over time, he simply accepted the rope as a way of life."


① 아버지는 자신의 아들을 서커스에 데려갔다. ② 쇼가 시작되기 전, 그(father)는 자신의 아들을 데리고 밧줄에 묶여 있는 코끼리를 제외하고 모두 각자의 우리에 있는 동물들을 보러 갔다. ③ 자신의 아버지의 손을 잡으면서 작은 소년은 그(father)를 돌아보고 말했다. ④ "아빠, 이 코끼리가 매우 크고 힘이 세잖아요. ⑤ 그는 밧줄을 걷어차고 도망갈 수 있어요. ⑥ 왜 그렇게 안 하나요? ⑦ "그(father)가 아무리 열심히 현명한 대답을 생각해 내려고 노력했음에도, 아버지에게는 아들에게 해 줄 좋은 대답이 없었다. ⑧ 그래서 그(father)는 자신의 아들에게 코끼리 조련사에게 가서 질문하라고 제안했다. ⑨ 소년이 조련사가 지나가는 것을 보았을 때, 그(son)는 왜 이 동물이 탈출하려고 애쓰지 않는지를 물었다. ⑩ 조련사는 말했다. ⑪ "이 코끼리가 아기였을 때, 우리는 같은 밧줄을 그의 발과 나무에 묶었단다. ⑫ 코끼리는 탈출할 수 없었고, 시간이 지나면서 그는 단순히 밧줄을 삶의 방식으로 받아들였지."



1712-31
① What is the true nature of the brain? ② The brain is a slow-changing machine, and that's a good thing. ③ If your brain could completely change overnight, you would be unstable. ④ Let's just say that your norm is to wake up, read the paper with coffee and a bagel, walk your dog, and watch the news. ⑤ This is your habitual routine. ⑥ Then one night, you get a phone call at 3 a.m. and have to run outside in your underwear to check on your neighbors. ⑦ What if your brain latched on to this new routine and you continued to run outside at 3 a.m. every night in your underwear? ⑧ Nobody would want that, so it's a good thing our brains require more repetition than that! ⑨ Let's accept and be thankful for the stability our slow-changing brains provide us.


① 뇌의 진정한 본질은 무엇인가? ② 뇌는 천천히 변화하는 기계이며, 그것은 좋은 것이다. ③ 만약 여러분의 뇌가 하룻밤 사이에 완전히 변할 수 있다면 여러분은 불안정해질 것이다. ④ 여러분의 기준이 잠에서 깨서, 커피와 베이글을 가지고 신문을 읽고, 개를 산책시키고, 뉴스를 보는 것이라고 해 보자. ⑤ 이것은 여러분의 습관적인 일상이다. ⑥ 그런데 어느 날 밤, 여러분이 새벽 3시에 전화를 받고 속옷 차림으로 여러분의 이웃을 확인해 보기 위해 뛰쳐나가야만 한다. ⑦ 만약 여러분의 뇌가 이 새로운 일상을 자기 것으로 하여 여러분이 매일 밤 새벽 3시에 속옷 차림으로 계속하여 밖으로 뛰쳐나가야 한다면 어떻겠는가? ⑧ 누구도 그러길 원치 않을 것이며, 따라서 우리의 뇌가 그것보다 더 많은 반복이 필요하다는 것은 좋은 것이다! ⑨ 우리의 천천히 변하는 뇌가 우리에게 제공해 주는 안정감을 받아들이고 고마워하자.



1712-32
① Hearing is basically a specialized form of touch. ② Sound is simply vibrating air which the ear picks up and converts to electrical signals, which are then interpreted by the brain. ③ The sense of hearing is not the only sense that can do this; touch can do this too. ④ If you are standing by the road and a large truck goes by, do you hear or feel the vibration? ⑤ The answer is both. ⑥ With very low frequency vibration the ear starts becoming inefficient and the rest of the body's sense of touch starts to take over. ⑦ For some reason we tend to make a distinction between hearing a sound and feeling a vibration, but in reality they are the same thing. ⑧ Deafness does not mean that you can't hear, only that there is something wrong with the ears. ⑨ Even someone who is totally deaf can still hear/feel sounds.


① 청각은 기본적으로 촉각의 분화한 한 형태이다. ② 소리는 단순히 귀가 포착하여 전기 신호로 전환하는 진동하는 공기인데, 그것(전기 신호)들은 그 후 뇌에 의해 해석된다. ③ 청각이라는 감각이 이것을 할 수 있는 유일한 감각은 아니다. ④ 촉각도 이것을 할 수 있다. ⑤ 만약 여러분이 길가에 서 있는데 큰 트럭이 지나가면 여러분은 그 진동을 듣는 것인가 아니면 느끼는 것인가? ⑥ 답은 둘 다이다. ⑦ 매우 낮은 주파수 진동에 귀가 비효율적으로 되기 시작하고 나머지 신체의 촉각이 더 중요해지기 시작한다. ⑧ 어떤 이유에서인지 우리는 소리를 듣는 것과 진동을 느끼는 것을 구분하는 경향이 있지만, 실제로 그것들은 똑같은 것이다. ⑨ 귀먹음이란 여러분이 들을 수 없다는 것이 아니라, 귀에 잘못된 무언가가 있다는 것을 의미할 뿐이다. ⑩ 심지어 완전히 귀가 먹은 사람도 여전히 소리를 들을/느낄 수 있다.



1712-33
① Veblen goods are named after Thorstein Veblen, a US economist who formulated the theory of "conspicuous consumption". ② They are strange because demand for them increases as their price rises. ③ According to Veblen, these goods must signal high status. ④ A willingness to pay higher prices is due to a desire to advertise wealth rather than to acquire better quality. ⑤ A true Veblen good, therefore, should not be noticeably higher quality than the lower-priced equivalents. ⑥ If the price falls so much that it is no longer high enough to exclude the less well off, the rich will stop buying it. ⑦ There is much evidence of this behavior in the markets for luxury cars, champagne, watches, and certain clothing labels. ⑧ A reduction in prices might see a temporary increase in sales for the seller, but then sales will begin to fall.


① 베블런재(Veblen goods)는 '과시적 소비' 이론을 만들어낸 미국의 경제학자인 Thorstein Veblen의 이름을 따서 지어졌다. ② 그것들(베블런재)은 그 가격이 상승함에 따라 그것들에 대한 수요가 증가하기 때문에 이상하다. ③ Veblen에 따르면 이러한 물건(베블런재)들은 높은 지위를 나타내야 한다. ④ 기꺼이 더 높은 가격을 지불하고자 함은 더 나은 품질을 얻기보다는 부유함을 드러내고자 하는 욕망에 기인한다. ⑤ 그러므로 진정한 베블런재는 더 저렴한 가격의 동등한 물건보다 눈에 띄게 더 높은 품질이지는 않을 것이다. ⑥ 만약 그 가격이 너무 많이 하락하여 덜 부유한 사람들을 배제할 정도로 가격이 더 이상 높지 않다면, 부자들은 그것을 사는 것을 중단할 것이다. ⑦ 고급 차, 샴페인, 시계 그리고 특정 의류 브랜드 시장에는 이러한 행동에 대한 많은 증거가 있다. ⑧ 가격 하락은 판매자들에게는 일시적인 판매량의 상승을 보일 수 있으나, 그 이후에는 판매량이 하락하기 시작할 것이다.



1712-34
① Although the property of brain plasticity is most obvious during development, the brain remains changeable throughout the life span. ② It is evident that we can learn and remember information long after maturation. ③ Furthermore, although it is not as obvious, the adult brain retains its capacity to be influenced by "general" experience. ④ For example, being exposed to fine wine or Pavarotti changes one's later appreciation of wine and music, even if encountered in late adulthood. ⑤ The adult brain is plastic in other ways, too. ⑥ For instance, one of the characteristics of normal aging is that neurons die and are not replaced. ⑦ This process begins in adolescence, yet most of us will not suffer any significant cognitive loss for decades because the brain compensates for the slow neuron loss by changing its structure. ⑧ Similarly, although complete restoration of function is not possible, the brain has the capacity to change in response to injury in order to at least partly compensate for the damage.


① 뇌 가소성이라는 특성이 발달 과정 동안 가장 뚜렷함에도 불구하고, 뇌는 평생에 걸쳐 변화할 수 있는 상태로 남아 있다. ② 우리가 성인이 된 훨씬 이후에도 정보를 학습하고 기억할 수 있다는 것은 분명하다. ③ 게다가, 그만큼 분명하지는 않지만 성인의 뇌는 '일반적인' 경험에 의해 영향을 받을 수 있는 능력을 보유한다. ④ 예를 들면, 고급 포도주나 Pavarotti에 노출되는 것은, 늦은 성인기에 접하더라도 한 사람의 와인과 음악에 대한 이후의 이해를 변화시킨다. ⑤ 성인의 뇌는 다른 방식으로도 가소성이 있다. ⑥ 예를 들면, 일반적인 노화의 특징 중 하나는 신경세포들이 죽고 대체되지 않는다는 것이다. ⑦ 이러한 과정은 청소년기에 시작되지만, 뇌가 그 구조를 변화시킴으로써 느린 신경세포의 손실을 보충하기 때문에 우리 대부분은 수십 년 동안 그 어떤 중대한 인지적 손상을 겪지 않을 것이다. ⑧ 마찬가지로, 기능의 완전한 회복이 가능하지는 않지만, 뇌는 그 손상을 적어도 부분적으로 보충하기 위해 부상에 대응하여 변화할 수 있는 능력을 가지고 있다.



1712-35
① Identity theft can take many forms in the digital world. ② That's because many of the traditional clues about identity ― someone's physical appearance and presence ― are replaced by machine-based checking of "credentials". ③ Someone is able to acquire your credentials ― sign-on names, passwords, cards, tokens ― and in so doing is able to convince an electronic system that they are you. ④ This is an ingredient in large numbers of cyber-related fraud, and cyber-related fraud is by far the most common form of crime that hits individuals. ⑤ For example, identity thieves can buy goods and services which you will never see but will pay for, intercept payments, and, more drastically, empty your bank account. ⑥ Although the victims of identity theft are usually thought of as individuals, small and large businesses are often caught out as well.


① 신원 도용은 디지털 세계에서 많은 유형을 띨 수 있다. ② 그것은 어떤 사람의 신체적 모습과 존재와 같은 신원에 대한 많은 전통적인 단서들이 기계에 기반을 둔 '신용 증명물'을 확인하는 것으로 대체되기 때문이다. ③ 어떤 사람이 로그인 이름, 비밀번호, 카드, 징표와 같은 신용 증명물을 습득할 수 있고 그렇게 해서 전자 시스템에 그들이 여러분이라고 확신시킬 수 있다. ④ 이것이 상당수의 사이버 관련 사기의 요소이며, 사이버 관련 사기는 개인들을 공격하는 단연코 가장 흔한 범죄 형태이다. ⑤ 예를 들어, 신원 도용자들은 여러분이 결코 보지 않게 되겠지만 지불하게 될 재화와 용역을 구입할 수 있고, 지불금을 가로챌 수 있고, 더 심하게는 여러분의 은행 계좌를 텅 비울 수 있다. ⑥ 비록 신원 도용의 희생자들이 보통 개인이라고 여겨지지만, 크고 작은 사업체들도 또한 종종 곤경에 빠진다.



1712-36
① A researcher in adult education at the University of Toronto, Allen Tough wrote a paper called "The Iceberg of Informal Adult Learning. ② "Tough formulated a reverse 20/80 rule for adult learning. ③ Twenty percent of an adult learner's efforts were formal, organized by an institution. ④ Eighty percent was informal, organized by the learner. ⑤ He used the metaphor of an iceberg to describe the large portion of learning, informal learning, that remains invisible. ⑥ Tough researched the reasons why people chose to learn on their own rather than attend a class. ⑦ "People seem to want to be in control," he wrote. ⑧ "They want to set their own pace and use their own style of learning; they want to keep it flexible. ⑨ "People also seem to consider informal learning experiential and social. ⑩ Lifelong learning organized around one's interests might be seen as a new form of recreation.


① Toronto 대학에서 성인 교육 연구자인 Allen Tough가 '비형식적 성인 학습의 빙산'이라는 논문을 썼다. ② Tough는 성인 학습에 대해 정반대의 20/80 규칙을 만들어 냈다. ③ 성인 학습자들의 노력의 20퍼센트는 기관에 의해 조직된 형식적인 것이었다. ④ 80퍼센트는 학습자에 의해 조직된 비형식적인 것이었다. ⑤ 그는 눈에 보이지 않은 채로 남아 있는 학습의 커다란 부분인 비형식적 학습을 설명하기 위해 빙산의 비유를 사용했다. ⑥ Tough는 사람들이 수업을 듣는 것보다 스스로 학습하는 것을 선택한 이유를 연구했다. ⑦ "사람들은 주도권을 잡고 싶어 하는 것처럼 보인다. ⑧ "라고 그는 썼다. ⑨ "그들은 자신만의 속도를 정하고 자신만의 학습 스타일을 사용하고 싶어 한다, 즉 그들은 그것을 융통성 있게 유지하고 싶어 한다. ⑩ "사람들은 또한 비형식적 학습을 경험적이고 사회적인 것으로 간주하는 것처럼 보인다. ⑪ 한 사람의 관심사에 맞춰 조직된 평생의 학습은 오락 활동의 새로운 형태로 보일지도 모른다.



1712-37
① The online world is an artificial universe ― entirely human-made and designed. ② The design of the underlying system shapes how we appear and what we see of other people. ③ It determines the structure of conversations and who has access to what information. ④ Architects of physical cities determine the paths people will take and the sights they will see. ⑤ They affect people's mood by creating cathedrals that inspire awe and schools that encourage playfulness. ⑥ Architects, however, do not control how the residents of those buildings present themselves or see each other ― but the designers of virtual spaces do, and they have far greater influence on the social experience of their users. ⑦ They determine whether we see each other's faces or instead know each other only by name. ⑧ They can reveal the size and makeup of an audience, or provide the impression that one is writing intimately to only a few, even if millions are in fact reading.


① 온라인 세상은 완전히 사람에 의해 만들어지고 설계된 인공의 세계이다. ② 그 근본적인 시스템의 디자인이 우리가 어떻게 보이고 우리가 다른 사람들에게서 무엇을 보는지를 형성한다. ③ 그것은 대화의 구조와 누가 어떤 정보에 접근할 수 있는지를 결정한다. ④ 물리적인 도시의 건축가들은 사람들이 가게 될 길과 그들이 보게 될 광경을 결정한다. ⑤ 그들은 경외감을 불러일으키는 대성당들과 명랑함을 북돋는 학교들을 지음으로써 사람들의 기분에 영향을 미친다. ⑥ 그러나, 건축가들이 그러한 건물들의 거주자들이 어떻게 자신들을 나타내는지 또는 서로를 어떻게 바라보는지를 통제하지는 않지만, 가상공간의 설계자들은 그렇게 하며, 그들은 사용자들의 사회적 경험에 훨씬 더 큰 영향을 준다. ⑦ 그들은 우리가 서로의 얼굴을 볼지 아니면 대신 이름만으로 서로를 알지를 결정한다. ⑧ 그들은 구독자의 크기와 구성을 드러낼 수 있거나, 실제로는 수백 만 명이 읽고 있을지라도 한 사람이 오직 소수에게만 친밀하게 글을 쓰고 있다는 인상을 줄 수 있다.



1712-38
① In 1996, as construction workers cleared a site in downtown Athens for the foundations of a new Museum of Modern Art, they found traces of a large structure sitting on the bedrock. ② A building had occupied this same spot some two-and-a-half thousand years earlier, when it was part of a wooded sanctuary outside the original city walls, on the banks of the River Ilissos. ③ The excavation uncovered the remains of a gymnasium, a wrestling arena, changing rooms and baths. ④ This had been a place for athletics and exercise, where the young men of Athens had trained to become soldiers and citizens. ⑤ But it was more than just a centre for physical improvement. ⑥ The archaeologists soon realised that they had found one of the most significant sites in all of western European intellectual culture, a site referred to continually by history's greatest philosophers: the Lyceum of Aristotle. ⑦ It was the world's first university.


① 1996년 건설 노동자들이 새로운 현대 미술관의 토대를 위해 아테네 시내에 한 장소를 치웠을 때, 그들은 그 암반 위에 있는 커다란 구조물의 흔적들을 발견했다. ② 약 2,500년 전에 한 건물이 이와 같은 장소를 차지했었고, 그때 그것은 Ilissos 강둑에 위치한 본래의 도시 성벽들 밖에 있는 숲이 우거진 신전의 일부였다. ③ 발굴 작업은 체육관, 레슬링 경기장, 탈의실 그리고 욕조의 유적을 찾아냈다. ④ 그곳은 운동 경기와 운동을 위한 장소였고, 그곳에서 아테네의 젊은이들이 군인과 시민이 되기 위해 훈련했었다. ⑤ 하지만 그곳은 단순히 신체의 향상을 위한 중심지 이상이었다. ⑥ 고고학자들은 자신들이 모든 서부 유럽의 지식 문화에서 가장 중요한 장소 중 한 곳, 즉 역사상 가장 위대한 철학자들에 의해 계속 언급되는 장소인 아리스토텔레스의 Lyceum(아리스토텔레스가 철학을 가르치던 학교)을 발견했음을 곧 깨달았다. ⑦ 그것은 바로 세계의 첫 번째 대학이었다.



1712-39
① The liberalization of capital markets, where funds for investment can be borrowed, has been an important contributor to the pace of globalization. ② Since the 1970s there has been a trend towards a freer flow of capital across borders. ③ Current economic theory suggests that this should aid development. ④ Developing countries have limited domestic savings with which to invest in growth, and liberalization allows them to tap into a global pool of funds. ⑤ A global capital market also allows investors greater scope to manage and spread their risks. ⑥ However, some say that a freer flow of capital has raised the risk of financial instability. ⑦ The East Asian crisis of the late 1990s came in the wake of this kind of liberalization. ⑧ Without a strong financial system and a sound regulatory environment, capital market globalization can sow the seeds of instability in economies rather than growth.


① 투자를 위한 자금을 빌릴 수 있는 자본 시장의 자유화는 세계화 속도에 중요한 기여 요인이었다. ② 1970년대 이후로 국경을 넘나드는 더 자유로운 자본 흐름을 향한 추세가 있었다. ③ 현재의 경제 이론은 이것이 발전에 도움이 될 것임을 시사한다. ④ 개발 도상국은 성장에 투자하기에 제한된 국내 저축을 가지고 있고, 자유화는 그들이 국제 공동 자금을 이용하도록 허용한다. ⑤ 국제 자본 시장은 또한 투자자들에게 자신들의 위험을 관리하고 분산시킬 수 있는 더 큰 범위를 허용한다. ⑥ 하지만 어떤 사람들은 더 자유로운 자본의 흐름이 재정적 불안정성의 위험을 증가시켰다고 말한다. ⑦ 1990년대 후반의 동아시아 위기는 이러한 종류의 자유화의 결과로 발생했다. ⑧ 강한 재정 시스템과 건전한 규제 환경이 없다면, 자본 시장 세계화는 성장보다는 경제에 불안정성의 씨를 뿌릴 수 있다.



1712-40
① Power distance is the term used to refer to how widely an unequal distribution of power is accepted by the members of a culture. ② It relates to the degree to which the less powerful members of a society accept their inequality in power and consider it the norm. ③ In cultures with high acceptance of power distance (e.g., India, Brazil, Greece, Mexico, and the Philippines), people are not viewed as equals, and everyone has a clearly defined or allocated place in the social hierarchy. ④ In cultures with low acceptance of power distance (e.g., Finland, Norway, New Zealand, and Israel), people believe inequality should be minimal, and a hierarchical division is viewed as one of convenience only. ⑤ In these cultures, there is more fluidity within the social hierarchy, and it is relatively easy for individuals to move up the social hierarchy based on their individual efforts and achievements.


① '권력 거리'는 권력의 불평등한 분배가 한 문화의 구성원들에 의해 얼마나 널리 수용되는지를 나타내는 데 사용되는 용어이다. ② 그것은 권력이 더 적은 사회 구성원들이 그들의 권력에서의 불평등을 수용하고 그것을 규범으로 여기는 정도와 관계가 있다. ③ 권력 거리에 대한 높은 수용의 문화들(예를 들어, 인도, 브라질, 그리스, 멕시코 그리고 필리핀)에서, 사람들은 평등한 것으로 여겨지지 않으며, 모든 사람이 사회 계층 내에서 명확하게 정해지거나 할당된 위치를 가진다. ④ 권력 거리에 대한 낮은 수용의 문화들(예를 들어, 핀란드, 노르웨이, 뉴질랜드 그리고 이스라엘)에서는, 사람들은 불평등이 최소여야만 한다고 믿으며, 계층적 구분은 오직 편의상 구분으로서만 여겨진다. ⑤ 이러한 문화에서는 사회 계층 내에서의 더 많은 유동성이 있으며, 개인이 그들의 개인적 노력과 성취를 토대로 사회 계층을 상승시키는 것이 상대적으로 쉽다.



1712-4142
① In 2009, Emily Holmes asked a group of adults to watch a video featuring "eleven clips of traumatic content including graphic real scenes of human surgery and fatal road traffic accidents. ② "This was their trauma simulation, and the participants were indeed traumatized. ③ Before watching the video, they reported feeling calm and relaxed; afterward they were disturbed and anxious. ④ Holmes forced the adults to wait for thirty minutes. ⑤ Then, half the participants played a block-matching puzzle video game for ten minutes, while the other half sat quietly. ⑥ The adults went home for a week, and recorded their thoughts in a daily diary. ⑦ Once a day they recalled the scenes from the video that replayed in their minds. ⑧ Those who had sat quietly after watching the video experienced an average of six flashbacks; those who had played the game experienced an average of fewer than three. ⑨ The video game, with its colors and music and rotating blocks, prevented the initial traumatic memories from solidifying. ⑩ The game soaked up the mental attention that might have otherwise moved those horrific memories to long-term memory, and so they were stored imperfectly or not at all. ⑪ At the end of the week, the adults returned to the lab, and those who had been lucky enough to play the game reported fewer psychiatric symptoms. ⑫ The video game had functioned as a "cognitive vaccine," the researchers explained.


① 2009년 Emily Holmes는 한 집단의 성인들에게 '사람의 수술과 치명적인 교통사고의 생생한 실제 장면을 포함한 트라우마를 일으키는 내용의 열한 개 영상'을 다루고 있는 비디오를 보라고 요청했다. ② 이것은 그들에게 트라우마 모의 실험이었고, 참가자들은 실제로 트라우마를 갖게 되었다. ③ 그 비디오를 보기 전에 그들은 평온하고 편안함을 느꼈다고 이야기했다. ④ 하지만 그 이후에 그들은 불안하고 초조했다. ⑤ Holmes는 성인들이 30분을 기다리도록 만들었다. ⑥ 그러고 나서 참가자 중 절반은 10분 동안 블록 맞추기 퍼즐 비디오 게임을 한 반면 나머지 절반은 조용히 앉아 있었다. ⑦ 성인들은 집으로 가서 일주일을 보냈고 일기에 자신들의 생각을 기록했다. ⑧ 하루에 한 번씩 그들은 자신의 마음속에 재현되는 비디오 장면들을 생각해 냈다. ⑨ 비디오를 본 후에 조용히 앉아 있었던 사람들은 평균 6개의 회상 장면을 경험했으나, 그 게임을 했던 사람들은 평균 3개보다 적은 수의 회상 장면을 경험했다. ⑩ 색깔과 음악 그리고 회전하는 블록들이 있는 그 비디오 게임이 트라우마를 일으키는 초기 기억들이 굳어지는 것을 막았다. ⑪ 그 게임이 만약 그렇지 않았으면(그 게임을 하지 않았으면) 그 끔찍한 기억들을 장기기억으로 옮겼을지도 모르는 정신적 주의력을 흡수했고, 따라서 그것들은 불완전하게 저장되거나 전혀 저장되지 않았다. ⑫ 그 주의 끝에 성인들은 실험실로 돌아왔고 운 좋게 그 게임을 할 수 있었던 사람들은 더 적은 수의 정신병적 증상들을 이야기했다. ⑬ 그 게임이 '인지적 백신'으로서 기능을 하였다고 연구자들이 설명했다.



1712-4345
① Justin was driving on a lonely stretch of farm road when all of a sudden he lost concentration, and his car ended up in a ditch. ② Unable to reverse the vehicle from its plight, he did the next best thing and headed for help at a nearby farmhouse. ③ Justin was greeted by an old farmer. ④ After listening to what had happened, he nodded and said, "Don't worry, Old Warrick will get you out. ⑤ "The farmer then led him to the barn at the back. ⑥ There stood his donkey, which looked as old and weathered as the farmer. ⑦ There was no other choice; there was just this octogenarian and his equally old donkey. ⑧ The farmer ― with the donkey, a rope, and Justin ― made his way slowly to the stranded vehicle. ⑨ When they arrived there, the farmer tied one end of the rope to the car and the other to the donkey and began to shout, "Pull John! ⑩ Pull Steve! ⑪ Pull Mike! ⑫ Pull Warrick! ⑬ "As soon as the farmer said, "Pull Warrick!" ⑭ the donkey heaved and pulled the car out of the ditch, much to Justin's delight. ⑮ He patted the donkey and thanked the old farmer. ⑯ When he was just going to move off to get into his car, Justin stopped, turned to the old man, and asked, "Tell me, sir, why did you have to call on all those names before giving Old Warrick the instruction to pull the car out of the ditch? ⑰ "He smiled and replied, "You see, Old Warrick is very old ― his eyesight is almost gone, his hearing isn't that good, and he struggles to eat and walk ― but as long as he believes he is a part of a team, he can do great things."


① Justin이 인적이 드문 길게 뻗어 있는 시골길에서 운전하다가 그때 갑자기 집중력을 잃었고 그의 차가 도랑에 빠지고 말았다. ② 곤경으로부터 차를 후진시킬 수 없어서 그는 차선책을 택했고 도움을 받기 위해 가까운 농가로 향했다. ③ 한 늙은 농부가 Justin을 맞이했다. ④ 무슨 일이 있었는지 듣고 난 후, 그(farmer)는 고개를 끄덕이며 말했다. ⑤ "걱정하지 마시게, Old Warrick이 자네를 꺼내 줄 것이라네. ⑥ "그 농부는 그러고 나서 그를 뒤편에 있는 헛간으로 데리고 갔다. ⑦ 거기에는 그 농부만큼 늙고 노쇠해 보이는 그(farmer)의 당나귀가 서 있었다. ⑧ 다른 선택의 여지가 없었다. ⑨ 이 80대의 노인과 그와 똑같이 늙은 당나귀만 있었다. ⑩ 농부는 당나귀와 밧줄 그리고 Justin과 함께 그 꼼짝 못하게 된 차가 있는 곳으로 천천히 그(farmer)의 길을 나아갔다. ⑪ 그들이 그곳에 도착했을 때 그 농부는 밧줄의 한쪽 끝은 차에, 다른 한쪽은 당나귀에 묶고 "당겨 John! ⑫ 당겨 Steve! ⑬ 당겨 Mike! ⑭ 당겨 Warrick! ⑮ "이라고 소리치기 시작했다. ⑯ 농부가 "당겨 Warrick! ⑰ "이라고 말하자마자 그 당나귀는 끌어당겼고 Justin이 매우 기쁘게도 차를 도랑에서 빼냈다. ⑱ 그(Justin)는 당나귀를 쓰다듬었고 늙은 농부에게 감사했다. ⑲ 그가 자신의 차에 타기 위해 막 떠나려고 할 때, Justin은 멈춰서 노인을 향해 "어르신, Old Warrick에게 도랑에서 차를 끌어내라고 지시를 내리기 전에 왜 모든 그 이름들을 불러야만 했는지 말씀해 주시겠어요? ⑳ "라고 물었다. ㉑ 그(farmer)는 웃으며 "알다시피 Old Warrick은 매우 늙어 시력을 거의 잃었고, 청력이 그렇게 좋지 않고 먹고 걷는 것도 간신히 한다네. ㉒ 그러나 그가 자신이 팀의 일부라고 믿는 한 그는 훌륭한 일들을 해낼 수 있다네. ㉓ "라고 대답했다.



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THE BLUET 1712 | Since 2005 임희재 블루티쳐 | 01033383436 | wayne.tistory.com | wayne36@daum.net | 191021 13:37:54

한 문장씩 자세히 보기

1712-20

1. Are you a 'rushaholic'?



2. Do you happen to live in a fast-paced city, where you feel in a constant hurry?



3. A recent poll of over 1,000 Americans found that nearly half felt they lacked enough time in daily life.



4. 'Time famine' ― the feeling of having too much to do and not enough time to do it ― is the cause of unnecessary stress and reduced performance.



5. We all tend to rush when we have so many things to do, and that negatively affects our performance.



6. Doing things quickly actually ends up slowing you down, such as when you rush out of your house only to realize you forgot your keys, phone, or wallet on the kitchen table.



7. Driving faster will not get you to your destination any sooner.



8. Assuming that by doing things faster you will get more done is a trap.




1712-21

1. The trio of freeze, flight, and fight are fairly universal behavioral defensive reactions in mammals and other vertebrate species.



2. But some species have other options available, such as "playing dead," which is also called tonic immobility.



3. Like freezing, this behavior can help prevent attack, but whereas in freezing muscles are contracted and poised to be used in fight or flight, in tonic immobility the muscles of the body are relaxed.



4. Another such response is defensive burying: Rodents will use their paws and head to shovel dirt toward an aversive stimulus.



5. Other behavioral options include making loud noises, retreating into a shell, rolling into a tight ball, choosing to live in a predator-free area such as underground, or relying on safety in numbers by living in a group.




1712-22

1. Katherine Schreiber and Leslie Sim, experts on exercise addiction, recognized that smartwatches and fitness trackers have probably inspired sedentary people to take up exercise, and encouraged people who aren't very active to exercise more consistently.



2. But they were convinced the devices were also quite dangerous.



3. Schreiber explained that focusing on numbers separates people from being in tune with their body.



4. Exercising becomes mindless, which is 'the goal' of addiction.



5. This 'goal' that she mentioned is a sort of automatic mindlessness, the outsourcing of decision making to a device.



6. She recently sustained a stress fracture in her foot because she refused to listen to her overworked body, instead continuing to run toward an unreasonable workout target.



7. Schreiber has suffered from addictive exercise tendencies, and vows not to use wearable tech when she works out.




1712-23

1. Your sense of smell links you directly with your feelings, instincts and memories.



2. Scents have the power to stimulate states of well-being.



3. By utilizing aromas in your daily habits, you can enjoy the advantages of an intense state of health.



4. Find a scent that you like and inhale its perfume at times when you're feeling calmed and at peace.



5. Perhaps it's the incense that you burn during meditation, a torch that you light during a calming bath, or an aromatic oil spray that you put on your cushion before bedtime.



6. In time, your body will connect these relaxed feelings with the usage of that specific scent.



7. When you encounter a moment of stress, you can smell the aroma that you connect with a state of relax and that will produce a calming response throughout your whole body.




1712-25

1. Francis Crick, the Nobel Prize-winning codiscoverer of the structure of the DNA molecule, was born in Northampton, England in 1916.



2. He attended University College London, where he studied physics, graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1937.



3. He soon began conducting research toward a Ph.D., but his path was interrupted by the outbreak of World War Ⅱ.



4. During the war, he was involved in naval weapons research, working on the development of magnetic and acoustic mines.



5. After the war, Dr. R. V. Jones, the head of Britain's wartime scientific intelligence, asked Crick to continue the work, but Crick decided to continue his studies, this time in biology.



6. In 1951, Crick met James Watson, a young American biologist, at the Strangeways Research Laboratory.



7. They formed a collaborative working relationship solving the mysteries of the structure of DNA.




1712-28

1. What comes to mind when we think about time?



2. Let us go back to 4,000 B.C.



3. in ancient China where some early clocks were invented.



4. To demonstrate the idea of time to temple students, Chinese priests used to dangle a rope from the temple ceiling with knots representing the hours.



5. They would light it with a flame from the bottom so that it burnt evenly, indicating the passage of time.



6. Many temples burnt down in those days.



7. The priests were obviously not too happy about that until someone invented a clock made of water buckets.



8. It worked by punching holes in a large bucket full of water, with markings representing the hours, to allow water to flow out at a constant rate.



9. The temple students would then measure time by how fast the bucket drained.



10. It was much better than burning ropes for sure, but more importantly, it taught the students that once time was gone, it could never be recovered.




1712-29

1. A lot of people find that physical movement can sometimes dispel negative feelings.



2. If we are feeling negative, it can be very easy for us to stop wanting to stay active in our everyday life.



3. This is why many people who suffer from depression are also found sleeping in and having no motivation to go outside or exercise.



4. Unfortunately, this lack of exercise can actually compound many negative emotions.



5. Exercise and movement is a great way for us to start getting rid of negative energies.



6. Many people find that when they are angry, they go into a state where they want to exercise or clean.



7. This is actually a very healthy and positive thing for you to do and a great way for you to begin to deconstruct your negative emotions so that they no longer affect your life and harm your relationships.




1712-30

1. A father took his son to the circus.



2. Before the show started, he took his son to see the animals in their respective cages ― all except for the elephant that was tied with a rope.



3. Holding his father's hand, the little boy turned to him and said, "Dad, this elephant is so big and strong.



4. He can kick the rope and run away.



5. Why doesn't he?



6. "No matter how hard he tried to think of an intelligent answer, the father didn't have a good one to give his son.



7. So, he suggested to his son that he go ask the question to the elephant trainer.



8. When the boy saw the trainer passing by, he asked why the beast didn't try to escape.



9. The trainer said, "When this elephant was a baby, we tied the same rope to his foot and the tree.



10. The elephant couldn't break free, and over time, he simply accepted the rope as a way of life."




1712-31

1. What is the true nature of the brain?



2. The brain is a slow-changing machine, and that's a good thing.



3. If your brain could completely change overnight, you would be unstable.



4. Let's just say that your norm is to wake up, read the paper with coffee and a bagel, walk your dog, and watch the news.



5. This is your habitual routine.



6. Then one night, you get a phone call at 3 a.m. and have to run outside in your underwear to check on your neighbors.



7. What if your brain latched on to this new routine and you continued to run outside at 3 a.m. every night in your underwear?



8. Nobody would want that, so it's a good thing our brains require more repetition than that!



9. Let's accept and be thankful for the stability our slow-changing brains provide us.




1712-32

1. Hearing is basically a specialized form of touch.



2. Sound is simply vibrating air which the ear picks up and converts to electrical signals, which are then interpreted by the brain.



3. The sense of hearing is not the only sense that can do this; touch can do this too.



4. If you are standing by the road and a large truck goes by, do you hear or feel the vibration?



5. The answer is both.



6. With very low frequency vibration the ear starts becoming inefficient and the rest of the body's sense of touch starts to take over.



7. For some reason we tend to make a distinction between hearing a sound and feeling a vibration, but in reality they are the same thing.



8. Deafness does not mean that you can't hear, only that there is something wrong with the ears.



9. Even someone who is totally deaf can still hear/feel sounds.




1712-33

1. Veblen goods are named after Thorstein Veblen, a US economist who formulated the theory of "conspicuous consumption".



2. They are strange because demand for them increases as their price rises.



3. According to Veblen, these goods must signal high status.



4. A willingness to pay higher prices is due to a desire to advertise wealth rather than to acquire better quality.



5. A true Veblen good, therefore, should not be noticeably higher quality than the lower-priced equivalents.



6. If the price falls so much that it is no longer high enough to exclude the less well off, the rich will stop buying it.



7. There is much evidence of this behavior in the markets for luxury cars, champagne, watches, and certain clothing labels.



8. A reduction in prices might see a temporary increase in sales for the seller, but then sales will begin to fall.




1712-34

1. Although the property of brain plasticity is most obvious during development, the brain remains changeable throughout the life span.



2. It is evident that we can learn and remember information long after maturation.



3. Furthermore, although it is not as obvious, the adult brain retains its capacity to be influenced by "general" experience.



4. For example, being exposed to fine wine or Pavarotti changes one's later appreciation of wine and music, even if encountered in late adulthood.



5. The adult brain is plastic in other ways, too.



6. For instance, one of the characteristics of normal aging is that neurons die and are not replaced.



7. This process begins in adolescence, yet most of us will not suffer any significant cognitive loss for decades because the brain compensates for the slow neuron loss by changing its structure.



8. Similarly, although complete restoration of function is not possible, the brain has the capacity to change in response to injury in order to at least partly compensate for the damage.




1712-35

1. Identity theft can take many forms in the digital world.



2. That's because many of the traditional clues about identity ― someone's physical appearance and presence ― are replaced by machine-based checking of "credentials".



3. Someone is able to acquire your credentials ― sign-on names, passwords, cards, tokens ― and in so doing is able to convince an electronic system that they are you.



4. This is an ingredient in large numbers of cyber-related fraud, and cyber-related fraud is by far the most common form of crime that hits individuals.



5. For example, identity thieves can buy goods and services which you will never see but will pay for, intercept payments, and, more drastically, empty your bank account.



6. Although the victims of identity theft are usually thought of as individuals, small and large businesses are often caught out as well.




1712-36

1. A researcher in adult education at the University of Toronto, Allen Tough wrote a paper called "The Iceberg of Informal Adult Learning.



2. "Tough formulated a reverse 20/80 rule for adult learning.



3. Twenty percent of an adult learner's efforts were formal, organized by an institution.



4. Eighty percent was informal, organized by the learner.



5. He used the metaphor of an iceberg to describe the large portion of learning, informal learning, that remains invisible.



6. Tough researched the reasons why people chose to learn on their own rather than attend a class.



7. "People seem to want to be in control," he wrote.



8. "They want to set their own pace and use their own style of learning; they want to keep it flexible.



9. "People also seem to consider informal learning experiential and social.



10. Lifelong learning organized around one's interests might be seen as a new form of recreation.




1712-37

1. The online world is an artificial universe ― entirely human-made and designed.



2. The design of the underlying system shapes how we appear and what we see of other people.



3. It determines the structure of conversations and who has access to what information.



4. Architects of physical cities determine the paths people will take and the sights they will see.



5. They affect people's mood by creating cathedrals that inspire awe and schools that encourage playfulness.



6. Architects, however, do not control how the residents of those buildings present themselves or see each other ― but the designers of virtual spaces do, and they have far greater influence on the social experience of their users.



7. They determine whether we see each other's faces or instead know each other only by name.



8. They can reveal the size and makeup of an audience, or provide the impression that one is writing intimately to only a few, even if millions are in fact reading.




1712-38

1. In 1996, as construction workers cleared a site in downtown Athens for the foundations of a new Museum of Modern Art, they found traces of a large structure sitting on the bedrock.



2. A building had occupied this same spot some two-and-a-half thousand years earlier, when it was part of a wooded sanctuary outside the original city walls, on the banks of the River Ilissos.



3. The excavation uncovered the remains of a gymnasium, a wrestling arena, changing rooms and baths.



4. This had been a place for athletics and exercise, where the young men of Athens had trained to become soldiers and citizens.



5. But it was more than just a centre for physical improvement.



6. The archaeologists soon realised that they had found one of the most significant sites in all of western European intellectual culture, a site referred to continually by history's greatest philosophers: the Lyceum of Aristotle.



7. It was the world's first university.




1712-39

1. The liberalization of capital markets, where funds for investment can be borrowed, has been an important contributor to the pace of globalization.



2. Since the 1970s there has been a trend towards a freer flow of capital across borders.



3. Current economic theory suggests that this should aid development.



4. Developing countries have limited domestic savings with which to invest in growth, and liberalization allows them to tap into a global pool of funds.



5. A global capital market also allows investors greater scope to manage and spread their risks.



6. However, some say that a freer flow of capital has raised the risk of financial instability.



7. The East Asian crisis of the late 1990s came in the wake of this kind of liberalization.



8. Without a strong financial system and a sound regulatory environment, capital market globalization can sow the seeds of instability in economies rather than growth.




1712-40

1. Power distance is the term used to refer to how widely an unequal distribution of power is accepted by the members of a culture.



2. It relates to the degree to which the less powerful members of a society accept their inequality in power and consider it the norm.



3. In cultures with high acceptance of power distance (e.g., India, Brazil, Greece, Mexico, and the Philippines), people are not viewed as equals, and everyone has a clearly defined or allocated place in the social hierarchy.



4. In cultures with low acceptance of power distance (e.g., Finland, Norway, New Zealand, and Israel), people believe inequality should be minimal, and a hierarchical division is viewed as one of convenience only.



5. In these cultures, there is more fluidity within the social hierarchy, and it is relatively easy for individuals to move up the social hierarchy based on their individual efforts and achievements.




1712-4142

1. In 2009, Emily Holmes asked a group of adults to watch a video featuring "eleven clips of traumatic content including graphic real scenes of human surgery and fatal road traffic accidents.



2. "This was their trauma simulation, and the participants were indeed traumatized.



3. Before watching the video, they reported feeling calm and relaxed; afterward they were disturbed and anxious.



4. Holmes forced the adults to wait for thirty minutes.



5. Then, half the participants played a block-matching puzzle video game for ten minutes, while the other half sat quietly.



6. The adults went home for a week, and recorded their thoughts in a daily diary.



7. Once a day they recalled the scenes from the video that replayed in their minds.



8. Those who had sat quietly after watching the video experienced an average of six flashbacks; those who had played the game experienced an average of fewer than three.



9. The video game, with its colors and music and rotating blocks, prevented the initial traumatic memories from solidifying.



10. The game soaked up the mental attention that might have otherwise moved those horrific memories to long-term memory, and so they were stored imperfectly or not at all.



11. At the end of the week, the adults returned to the lab, and those who had been lucky enough to play the game reported fewer psychiatric symptoms.



12. The video game had functioned as a "cognitive vaccine," the researchers explained.




1712-4345

1. Justin was driving on a lonely stretch of farm road when all of a sudden he lost concentration, and his car ended up in a ditch.



2. Unable to reverse the vehicle from its plight, he did the next best thing and headed for help at a nearby farmhouse.



3. Justin was greeted by an old farmer.



4. After listening to what had happened, he nodded and said, "Don't worry, Old Warrick will get you out.



5. "The farmer then led him to the barn at the back.



6. There stood his donkey, which looked as old and weathered as the farmer.



7. There was no other choice; there was just this octogenarian and his equally old donkey.



8. The farmer ― with the donkey, a rope, and Justin ― made his way slowly to the stranded vehicle.



9. When they arrived there, the farmer tied one end of the rope to the car and the other to the donkey and began to shout, "Pull John!



10. Pull Steve!



11. Pull Mike!



12. Pull Warrick!



13. "As soon as the farmer said, "Pull Warrick!"



14. the donkey heaved and pulled the car out of the ditch, much to Justin's delight.



15. He patted the donkey and thanked the old farmer.



16. When he was just going to move off to get into his car, Justin stopped, turned to the old man, and asked, "Tell me, sir, why did you have to call on all those names before giving Old Warrick the instruction to pull the car out of the ditch?



17. "He smiled and replied, "You see, Old Warrick is very old ― his eyesight is almost gone, his hearing isn't that good, and he struggles to eat and walk ― but as long as he believes he is a part of a team, he can do great things."




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1803H2 | Since 2005 위스마트, 임희재 | WAYNE.TISTORY.COM | +821033383436 | 제작일 181015 14:52:14



1803H2 | Since 2005 위스마트, 임희재 | WAYNE.TISTORY.COM | +821033383436 | 제작일 181015 14:52:14


 🎤 단어의 의미 


Artifacts
 
Commodities
 
Electronic
 
Institute
 
Obviously
 
Organize
 
Rapids
 
Related
 
Similarly
 
Unless
 
ability
 
accessible
 
accomplished
 
achieve
 
acquaintances
 
adaptation
 
additional
 
adjust
 
admiration
 
aid
 
alcohol
 
allow
 
alter
 
appealing
 
applauders
 
arranged
 
artifact
 
artworks
 
aspect
 
assisted
 
associated
 
assume
 
athletic
 
atmosphere
 
attended
 
attitude
 
audience
 
automatic
 
available
 
away
 
based
 
behavior
 
benefits
 
carbohydrate
 
challenge
 
characteristics
 
cheaper
 
circulation
 
clappers
 
collaborating
 
commented
 
compete
 
conscious
 
consulting
 
contact
 
control
 
cooperate
 
craving
 
currency
 
dailies
 
darkened
 
declines
 
defeat
 
dehydration
 
depressing
 
desirable
 
details
 
developed
 
dictator
 
differed
 
dioxide
 
discipline
 
distracted
 
dominant
 
easily
 
edition
 
effective
 
emblazoned
 
emphasizing
 
employed
 
enable
 
encourage
 
enhance
 
enriched
 
enthusiasm
 
entrepreneur
 
environment
 
especially
 
ethylene
 
eventually
 
evolve
 
excelled
 
exist
 
experience
 
exposed
 
extremely
 
fairly
 
fame
 
feeding
 
figs
 
firm
 
follow
 
function
 
glare
 
graceful
 
growth
 
handling
 
headlines
 
illumination
 
immediately
 
importantly
 
improve
 
inconvenient
 
increasingly
 
independence
 
indicates
 
influenced
 
insignificant
 
intelligent
 
interaction
 
intrinsic
 
involve
 
knowledge
 
launched
 
least
 
ledge
 
leftover
 
lens
 
letting
 
likely
 
literally
 
logical
 
loudest
 
material
 
midafternoon
 
milestone
 
mimicking
 
moisture
 
mostly
 
natural
 
neglect
 
noticed
 
nutrition
 
occur
 
off
 
optimal
 
original
 
oven
 
overcome
 
painfully
 
pattern
 
perceived
 
perfectionism
 
personal
 
phenomenon
 
plain
 
platform
 
potential
 
practice
 
predictable
 
preoccupied
 
prevent
 
principle
 
processes
 
productive
 
progressed
 
promotion
 
published
 
quality
 
quantities
 
raise
 
rate
 
reached
 
realism
 
received
 
reclaim
 
recommendations
 
reflect
 
refrigerator
 
regulate
 
related
 
reluctance
 
relying
 
reminding
 
resources
 
responding
 
reveal
 
safe
 
sang
 
scarce
 
scattered
 
sensitive
 
shrub
 
significantly
 
similar
 
situations
 
social
 
solution
 
sophisticated
 
soul
 
spared
 
spoke
 
stock
 
storage
 
strategy
 
structural
 
subject
 
suggestion
 
suspect
 
swept
 
task
 
teamwork
 
techniques
 
tedious
 
temptation
 
terribly
 
though
 
threw
 
throughout
 
toilet
 
toll
 
traits
 
transformed
 
tremendous
 
trillion
 
ultimately
 
unable
 
unburnt
 
unconscious
 
unique
 
unrelated
 
upset
 
valuable
 
visible
 
witnessing
 
workplace
 
worth
 
would
 
yelling


 🎟 글의 주제 


[1803H2-20]
 What is the topic sentence? 🛳

(1) You are far more likely to eat what you can see in plain view. (2) Organize the foods in your kitchen so the best choices are most visible and easily accessible. (3) It also helps to hide poor choices in inconvenient places. (4) An even better idea is to simply get rid of anything with low nutritional value that you may be tempted to eat. (5) Put fruits, vegetables, and other healthy options at eye level in your refrigerator, or leave them out on the table. (6) Even when you aren't hungry, simply seeing these items will plant a seed in your mind for your next snack. (7) Also consider taking small bags of nuts, fruits, or vegetables with you when you are away from home. (8) That way, you can satisfy a midafternoon craving even if no good options are available. 

[1803H2-21]
 What is the topic sentence? 🗼

(1) Playing any game that involves more than one person teaches kids teamwork, the consequences of cheating, and how to be a good team player whether they win or lose. (2) It's not hard to see how those skills make it into the daily lives of kids. (3) But like all things we hope to teach our children, learning to cooperate or to compete fairly takes practice. (4) Humans aren't naturally good at losing, so there will be tears, yelling, and cheating, but that's okay. (5) The point is, playing games together helps kids with their socialization. (6) It allows them a safe place to practice getting along, following rules, and learning how to be graceful in defeat. 

[1803H2-22]
 What is the topic sentence? 🏕

(1) The public growth of the Internet began in the 1990s, as increasing numbers of computers came into homes and workplaces. (2) The first online newspaper was published in the US and the Chicago-based Tribune was among the first titles to put its content online, in 1991. (3) As the decade progressed, software developments made the task of creating online content quicker and cheaper — between 1995 and 1998, the number of US dailies on the web grew from 175 to 750. (4) Newspapers in the UK followed the same pattern: in 1994, the Sunday Times became the UK's first newspaper to have an online edition and a few months later the Daily Telegraph launched the Electronic Telegraph, Europe's first online daily. 

[1803H2-23]
 What is the topic sentence? 

(1) Each spring in North America, the early morning hours are filled with the sweet sounds of songbirds, such as sparrows and robins. (2) While it may seem like these birds are simply singing songs, many are in the middle of an intense competition for territories. (3) For many birds, this struggle could ultimately decide whom they mate with and if they ever raise a family. (4) When the birds return from their winter feeding grounds, the males usually arrive first. (5) Older, more dominant males will reclaim their old territories: a tree, shrub, or even a window ledge. (6) Younger males will try to challenge the older ones for space by mimicking the song that the older males are singing. (7) The birds that can sing the loudest and the longest usually wind up with the best territories. 

[1803H2-25]
 What is the topic sentence? 🚏

(1) Grant Wood grew up on a farm and drew with whatever materials could be spared. (2) Often he used charcoal from the wood fire to sketch on a leftover piece of brown paper. (3) He was only ten when his father died, and his mother moved the family to Cedar Rapids, Iowa, where Wood went to school. (4) He studied part-time at the State University of Iowa and attended night classes at the Art Institute of Chicago. (5) When he was 32, he went to Paris to study at the Académie Julian. (6) In 1927, he traveled to Munich, Germany, where some of the most accomplished artists of the period were working. (7) While there, he saw German and Flemish artworks that influenced him greatly, especially the work of Jan van Eyck. (8) After that trip, his style changed to reflect the realism of those painters. 

[1803H2-28]
 What is the topic sentence? 🚏

(1) Although sports nutrition is a fairly new academic discipline, there have always been recommendations made to athletes about foods that could enhance athletic performance. (2) One ancient Greek athlete is reported to have eaten dried figs to enhance training. (3) There are reports that marathon runners in the 1908 Olympics drank cognac to improve performance. (4) The teenage running phenomenon, Mary Decker, surprised the sports world in the 1970s when she reported that she ate a plate of spaghetti noodles the night before a race. (5) Such practices may be suggested to athletes because of their real or perceived benefits by individuals who excelled in their sports. (6) Obviously, some of these practices, such as drinking alcohol during a marathon, are no longer recommended, but others, such as a high-carbohydrate meal the night before a competition, have stood the test of time. 

[1803H2-29]
 What is the topic sentence? 🏯

(1) Although instances occur in which partners start their relationship by telling everything about themselves to each other, such instances are rare. (2) In most cases, the amount of disclosure increases over time. (3) We begin relationships by revealing relatively little about ourselves; then if our first bits of self-disclosure are well received and bring on similar responses from the other person, we're willing to reveal more. (4) This principle is important to remember. (5) It would usually be a mistake to assume that the way to build a strong relationship would be to reveal the most private details about yourself when first making contact with another person. (6) Unless the circumstances are unique, such baring of your soul would be likely to scare potential partners away rather than bring them closer. 

[1803H2-30]
 What is the topic sentence? 🚡

(1) Jack stopped the cycle of perfectionism that his son Mark was developing. (2) Mark could not stand to lose at games by the time he was eight years old. (3) Jack was contributing to Mark's attitude by always letting him win at chess because he didn't like to see Mark get upset and cry. (4) One day, Jack realized it was more important to allow Mark some experience with losing, so he started winning at least half the games. (5) Mark was upset at first, but soon began to win and lose with more grace. (6) Jack felt a milestone had been reached one day when he was playing catch with Mark and threw a bad ball. (7) Instead of getting upset about missing the ball, Mark was able to use his sense of humor and commented, "Nice throw, Dad Lousy catch, Mark." 

[1803H2-31]
 What is the topic sentence? 🎢

(1) Most importantly, money needs to be scarce in a predictable way. (2) Precious metals have been desirable as money across the millennia not only because they have intrinsic beauty but also because they exist in fixed quantities. (3) Gold and silver enter society at the rate at which they are discovered and mined; additional precious metals cannot be produced, at least not cheaply. (4) Commodities like rice and tobacco can be grown, but that still takes time and resources. (5) A dictator like Zimbabwe's Robert Mugabe could not order the government to produce 100 trillion tons of rice. (6) He was able to produce and distribute trillions of new Zimbabwe dollars, which is why they eventually became more valuable as toilet paper than currency. 

[1803H2-32]
 What is the topic sentence? 🚘

(1) In one experiment, children were told they could have one marshmallow treat if they chose to eat it immediately, but two treats if they waited. (2) Most of the children, who ranged in age from 4 to 8, chose to wait, but the strategies they used differed significantly. (3) The 4-year-olds often chose to look at the marshmallows while waiting, a strategy that was not terribly effective. (4) In contrast, 6- and 8-year-olds used language to help overcome temptation, although in different ways. (5) The 6-year-olds spoke and sang to themselves, reminding themselves they would get more treats if they waited. (6) The 8-year-olds focused on aspects of the marshmallows unrelated to taste, such as appearance, which helped them to wait. (7) In short, children used "self-talk" to regulate their behavior. 

[1803H2-33]
 What is the topic sentence? 🏯

(1) The desire for fame has its roots in the experience of neglect. (2) No one would want to be famous who hadn't also, somewhere in the past, been made to feel extremely insignificant. (3) We sense the need for a great deal of admiring attention when we have been painfully exposed to earlier deprivation. (4) Perhaps one's parents were hard to impress. (5) They never noticed one much, they were so busy with other things, focusing on other famous people, unable to have or express kind feelings, or just working too hard. (6) There were no bedtime stories and one's school reports weren't the subject of praise and admiration. (7) That's why one dreams that one day the world will pay attention. (8) When we're famous, our parents will have to admire us too. 

[1803H2-34]
 What is the topic sentence? 🏰

(1) When the late Theodore Roosevelt came back from Africa, just after he left the White House in 1909, he made his first public appearance at Madison Square Garden. (2) Before he would agree to make the appearance, he carefully arranged for nearly one thousand paid applauders to be scattered throughout the audience to applaud his entrance on the platform. (3) For more than 15 minutes, these paid hand-clappers made the place ring with their enthusiasm. (4) The rest of the audience took up the suggestion and joined in for another quarter hour. (5) The newspaper men present were literally swept off their feet by the tremendous applause given the American hero, and his name was emblazoned across the headlines of the newspapers in letters two inches high. (6) Roosevelt understood and made intelligent use of personal promotion. 

[1803H2-35]
 What is the topic sentence? 🚔

(1) In addition to controlling temperatures when handling fresh produce, control of the atmosphere is important. (2) Some moisture is needed in the air to prevent dehydration during storage, but too much moisture can encourage growth of molds. (3) Some commercial storage units have controlled atmospheres, with the levels of both carbon dioxide and moisture being regulated carefully. (4) Sometimes other gases, such as ethylene gas, may be introduced at controlled levels to help achieve optimal quality of bananas and other fresh produce. (5) Related to the control of gases and moisture is the need for some circulation of air among the stored foods. 

[1803H2-36]
 What is the topic sentence? 

(1) Studies show that no one is "born" to be an entrepreneur and that everyone has the potential to become one. (2) Whether someone does or doesn't is a function of environment, life experiences, and personal choices. (3) However, there are personality traits and characteristics commonly associated with entrepreneurs. (4) These traits are developed over time and evolve from an individual's social context. (5) For example, people with parents who were self-employed are more likely to become entrepreneurs. (6) After witnessing a father's or mother's independence in the workplace, an individual is more likely to find independence appealing. (7) Similarly, people who personally know an entrepreneur are more than twice as likely to be involved in starting a new firm as those with no entrepreneur acquaintances or role models. 

[1803H2-37]
 What is the topic sentence? 

(1) According to the consulting firm McKinsey, knowledge workers spend up to 60 percent of their time looking for information, responding to emails, and collaborating with others. (2) By using social technologies, those workers can become up to 25 percent more productive. (3) The need for productivity gains through working harder and longer has a limit and a human toll. (4) The solution is to enable people to work smarter, not just by saying it, but by putting smart tools and improved processes in place so that people can perform at enhanced levels. (5) Think of it as the robot-assisted human, given superpowers through the aid of technology. (6) Our jobs become enriched by relying on robots to do the tedious while we work on increasingly more sophisticated tasks. 

[1803H2-38]
 What is the topic sentence? 

(1) Two major kinds of age-related structural changes occur in the eye. (2) One is a decrease in the amount of light that passes through the eye, resulting in the need for more light to do tasks such as reading. (3) As you might suspect, this change is one reason why older adults do not see as well in the dark, which may account in part for their reluctance to go places at night. (4) One possible logical response to the need for more light would be to increase illumination levels in general. (5) However, this solution does not work in all situations because we also become increasingly sensitive to glare. (6) In addition, our ability to adjust to changes in illumination, called adaptation, declines. (7) Going from outside into a darkened movie theater involves dark adaptation; going back outside involves light adaptation. (8) Research indicates that the time it takes for both types of adaptation increases with age. 

[1803H2-39]
 What is the topic sentence? 🎡

(1) By acting on either natural or artificial resources, through techniques, we alter them in various ways. (2) Thus we create artifacts, which form an important aspect of technologies. (3) A clay pot is an example of a material artifact, which, although transformed by human activity, is not all that far removed from its natural state. (4) A plastic cup, a contact lens, and a computer chip, on the other hand, are examples of artifacts that are far removed from the original states of the natural resources needed to create them. (5) Artifacts can serve as resources in other technological processes. (6) This is one of the important interaction effects within the technological system. (7) In other words, each new technology increases the stock of available tools and resources that can be employed by other technologies to produce new artifacts. 

[1803H2-40]
 What is the topic sentence? 🎠

(1) Despite all the talk of how weak intentions are in the face of habits, it's worth emphasizing that much of the time even our strong habits do follow our intentions. (2) We are mostly doing what we intend to do, even though it's happening automatically. (3) This probably goes for many habits: although we perform them without bringing the intention to consciousness, the habits still line up with our original intentions. (4) Even better, our automatic, unconscious habits can keep us safe even when our conscious mind is distracted. (5) We look both ways before crossing the road despite thinking about a rather depressing holiday we took in Brazil, and we put oven gloves on before reaching into the oven despite being preoccupied about whether the cabbage is overcooked. (6) In both cases, our goal of keeping ourselves alive and unburnt is served by our automatic, unconscious habits. 


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1609H2 | Since 2005 위스마트, 임희재 | WAYNE.TISTORY.COM | +821033383436 | 제작일 20180810

Word&Context


ability


Evolution did not give humans the ability to play soccer.

absorbed


While some emperors sought to purify their cultures and return to what they viewed as their roots, for the most part empires have produced hybrid civilizations that absorbed much from their subject peoples.

accepted


Yet some degree of sadness and depression has been far more accepted in previous historical ages than is the case today.

action


Research suggests that when we view ourselves as morally deficient in one part of our lives, we search for moral actions that will balance out the scale.

The moral deficiency (not recycling) is, in your view, balanced by a moral action (installing energy¬-efficient bulbs).

activity


If employees want to do volunteer activity, they can make their own arrangements and do so on their own time.

Research shows that participating in corporate volunteer activity heightens rather than weakens employees' organizational commitment, in part because people feel a sense of self-worth when they do the good deeds that their organizations made it easier for them to do.

additional


Another individual might purchase additional life insurance or medical coverage to meet his or her specific needs.

But we also recognize problems on our own (e.g., the need for additional parking space in the city where you work).

adjusting


And yet adjusting what you eat is entirely possible.

adopt


Since the imperial vision tends to be universal and inclusive, it was relatively easy for imperial elites to adopt ideas, norms, and traditions from wherever they found them, rather than to stick to a single rigid tradition.

advanced


With its electrical and mechanical system, the washing machine is one of the most technologically advanced examples of a large household appliance.

affect


Numerous self-help books promote the benefits of positive thinking and positive behaviors, assigning negative affect in general, and sadness in particular, to the category of "problem emotions" that need to be eliminated.

It is only recently that a thriving industry promoting positivity has managed to remove this earlier and more balanced view of human affectivity.

affectivity


It is only recently that a thriving industry promoting positivity has managed to remove this earlier and more balanced view of human affectivity.

aggression


Other animals that engage strangers in ritualized aggression do so largely by instinct.

agricultural


Especially in pre¬modern times, most of the calories feeding an agricultural population came from a single crop―such as wheat, potatoes, or rice―that lacks some of the vitamins, minerals, and other nutritional materials humans need.

aircraft


They work together with more global scale forces such as those related to emissions from aircraft carrying tourists to and from their destinations.

allocating


Corporations also may be concerned about allocating the resources needed to set up such programs, or perhaps they fear that facilitating employees' engagement elsewhere may weaken their commitment to the organization or their jobs.

analyzing


Many students could probably benefit if they spent less time on rote repetition and more on actually paying attention to and analyzing the meaning of their reading assignments.

annually


In many cases, the company will put aside a pool of money that each individual can spend on these options, such as $3,000 annually.

appliance


With its electrical and mechanical system, the washing machine is one of the most technologically advanced examples of a large household appliance.

application


Today, such delays between ideas and application are almost unthinkable.

Thus, we find that the time between the first and second stages of the innovative cycle―between idea and application―has been cut radically.

appropriate


Without an optimal amount of self-disclosure we deny an opportunity for others to know us and for ourselves to get appropriate feedback.

arrangements


If employees want to do volunteer activity, they can make their own arrangements and do so on their own time.

aside


In many cases, the company will put aside a pool of money that each individual can spend on these options, such as $3,000 annually.

assigning


Numerous self-help books promote the benefits of positive thinking and positive behaviors, assigning negative affect in general, and sadness in particular, to the category of "problem emotions" that need to be eliminated.

assignments


Most of us have problems that have been posed to us (e.g., assignments from our supervisors).

Many students could probably benefit if they spent less time on rote repetition and more on actually paying attention to and analyzing the meaning of their reading assignments.

automatically


Then, if one person has a family with two small children and wants to use some of this money for a child-care program, the costs are automatically deducted from that employee's pool of money.

Such backbreaking labor is still commonplace in parts of the world, but for most homeowners the work is now done by a machine that automatically regulates water temperature, measures out the detergent, washes, rinses, and spin-dries.

available


The first English patent for a typewriter was issued in 1714, but another 150 years passed before typewriters were commercially available.

backbreaking


Such backbreaking labor is still commonplace in parts of the world, but for most homeowners the work is now done by a machine that automatically regulates water temperature, measures out the detergent, washes, rinses, and spin-dries.

balance


Farmers tend to eat a very limited and unbalanced diet.

Research suggests that when we view ourselves as morally deficient in one part of our lives, we search for moral actions that will balance out the scale.

The moral deficiency (not recycling) is, in your view, balanced by a moral action (installing energy¬-efficient bulbs).

It is only recently that a thriving industry promoting positivity has managed to remove this earlier and more balanced view of human affectivity.

balancing


Life is a balancing act, and so is our sense of morality.

based


The machine was based on technology that even then was twenty years old, but it was not until 1930 that such a machine actually was marketed.

beat


Before the washing machine was invented, people used washboards to scrub, or they carried their laundry to riverbanks and streams, where they beat and rubbed it against rocks.

behaviors


Numerous self-help books promote the benefits of positive thinking and positive behaviors, assigning negative affect in general, and sadness in particular, to the category of "problem emotions" that need to be eliminated.

benefit


Many students could probably benefit if they spent less time on rote repetition and more on actually paying attention to and analyzing the meaning of their reading assignments.

Numerous self-help books promote the benefits of positive thinking and positive behaviors, assigning negative affect in general, and sadness in particular, to the category of "problem emotions" that need to be eliminated.

bulb


One day you happen to be walking through a hardware store and notice a rack of energy-efficient light bulbs, and you instantly decide to buy twenty of them and change out every bulb in your house.

The moral deficiency (not recycling) is, in your view, balanced by a moral action (installing energy¬-efficient bulbs).

bundles


For example, in 1836, a machine was invented that mowed, threshed, and tied straw into bundles and poured grain into sacks.

calories


Especially in pre¬modern times, most of the calories feeding an agricultural population came from a single crop―such as wheat, potatoes, or rice―that lacks some of the vitamins, minerals, and other nutritional materials humans need.

carried


Before the washing machine was invented, people used washboards to scrub, or they carried their laundry to riverbanks and streams, where they beat and rubbed it against rocks.

category


Numerous self-help books promote the benefits of positive thinking and positive behaviors, assigning negative affect in general, and sadness in particular, to the category of "problem emotions" that need to be eliminated.

characterize


For example, if you're reading in your psychology text about the personality trait of confidence, you can think about which people you know who are particularly confident and why you would characterize them as being that way.

civilizations


While some emperors sought to purify their cultures and return to what they viewed as their roots, for the most part empires have produced hybrid civilizations that absorbed much from their subject peoples.

commercially


The first English patent for a typewriter was issued in 1714, but another 150 years passed before typewriters were commercially available.

commitment


Corporations also may be concerned about allocating the resources needed to set up such programs, or perhaps they fear that facilitating employees' engagement elsewhere may weaken their commitment to the organization or their jobs.

Research shows that participating in corporate volunteer activity heightens rather than weakens employees' organizational commitment, in part because people feel a sense of self-worth when they do the good deeds that their organizations made it easier for them to do.

commonplace


Such backbreaking labor is still commonplace in parts of the world, but for most homeowners the work is now done by a machine that automatically regulates water temperature, measures out the detergent, washes, rinses, and spin-dries.

companies


Some companies provide their employees with cafeteria incentive programs.

Were this not the case, the food companies that launch new products each year would be wasting their money.

compared


Compared with the old washers that squeezed out excess water by feeding clothes through rollers, modern washers are indeed an electrical-mechanical phenomenon.

complete


Tomorrow's menu might have been completely different.

They can nevertheless play the game with complete strangers because they have all learned an identical set of ideas about soccer.

When you stare at a screen, you feel completely alone.

concerned


Corporations also may be concerned about allocating the resources needed to set up such programs, or perhaps they fear that facilitating employees' engagement elsewhere may weaken their commitment to the organization or their jobs.

confidence


For example, if you're reading in your psychology text about the personality trait of confidence, you can think about which people you know who are particularly confident and why you would characterize them as being that way.

confident


For example, if you're reading in your psychology text about the personality trait of confidence, you can think about which people you know who are particularly confident and why you would characterize them as being that way.

consider


Consider email.

Sadness in our culture is often considered an unnecessary and undesirable emotion.

From the classic philosophers through Shakespeare to the works of Chekhov, Ibsen, and the great novels of the 19th century, exploring the emotions of sadness, longing, and depression has long been considered instructive.

People who communicate to others about themselves rather freely, who are frank and open, who express their views, opinions, knowledge, and feelings freely, and who share their knowledge and personal experiences with others can be considered as the self-disclosing type.

constantly


These people constantly communicate with others and make an impact on them.

Whether you're nine or ninety years old, you should constantly be learning, improving your skills, and getting better at what you do.

contrast


By contrast, ancient foragers regularly ate dozens of different foodstuffs.

contributes


As with other human activities, there are many ways and spatial scales at which tourism contributes to climate change.

contributors


Tourism is one of many contributors to changes in the climate system.

copycat


Imperial Mongol culture was a Chinese copycat.

corporate


Research shows that participating in corporate volunteer activity heightens rather than weakens employees' organizational commitment, in part because people feel a sense of self-worth when they do the good deeds that their organizations made it easier for them to do.

corporations


Corporations also may be concerned about allocating the resources needed to set up such programs, or perhaps they fear that facilitating employees' engagement elsewhere may weaken their commitment to the organization or their jobs.

correspondence


And yet many will use email, at least sometimes, for intimate correspondence.

coverage


Another individual might purchase additional life insurance or medical coverage to meet his or her specific needs.

The employees decide what type of coverage they want and the cost is deducted from their bonus.

creation


The cultural ideas spread by empire were seldom the exclusive creation of the ruling elite.

creatively


However, in order to solve this problem creatively, it may be useful to redefine it as a problem of too many vehicles requiring a space to sit in during the workday.

critical


One line of research suggests that how often you go over material is less critical than the depth of processing that you engage in.

cultural


Especially in pre¬modern times, most of the calories feeding an agricultural population came from a single crop―such as wheat, potatoes, or rice―that lacks some of the vitamins, minerals, and other nutritional materials humans need.

The cultural ideas spread by empire were seldom the exclusive creation of the ruling elite.

culture


Sadness in our culture is often considered an unnecessary and undesirable emotion.

While some emperors sought to purify their cultures and return to what they viewed as their roots, for the most part empires have produced hybrid civilizations that absorbed much from their subject peoples.

The imperial culture of Rome was Greek almost as much as Roman.

Imperial Mongol culture was a Chinese copycat.

daytime


In that case, you may decide to organize a carpool among people who use downtown parking lots and institute a daytime local taxi service using these privately owned vehicles.

decades


Over decades, I have asked why.

After the fall of the Berlin Wall, housewives from East and West Germany tried each other's food products for the first time in decades.

deducted


Then, if one person has a family with two small children and wants to use some of this money for a child-care program, the costs are automatically deducted from that employee's pool of money.

The employees decide what type of coverage they want and the cost is deducted from their bonus.

deeds


Research shows that participating in corporate volunteer activity heightens rather than weakens employees' organizational commitment, in part because people feel a sense of self-worth when they do the good deeds that their organizations made it easier for them to do.

deficiency


The moral deficiency (not recycling) is, in your view, balanced by a moral action (installing energy¬-efficient bulbs).

deficient


Research suggests that when we view ourselves as morally deficient in one part of our lives, we search for moral actions that will balance out the scale.

define


After identifying the existence of a problem, we must define its scope and goals.

However, in order to solve this problem creatively, it may be useful to redefine it as a problem of too many vehicles requiring a space to sit in during the workday.

degree


Yet some degree of sadness and depression has been far more accepted in previous historical ages than is the case today.

They reach a certain level, earn their degrees, buy their dream homes, and then just coast.

delays


Today, such delays between ideas and application are almost unthinkable.

deny


Without an optimal amount of self-disclosure we deny an opportunity for others to know us and for ourselves to get appropriate feedback.

depression


Yet some degree of sadness and depression has been far more accepted in previous historical ages than is the case today.

From the classic philosophers through Shakespeare to the works of Chekhov, Ibsen, and the great novels of the 19th century, exploring the emotions of sadness, longing, and depression has long been considered instructive.

depth


One line of research suggests that how often you go over material is less critical than the depth of processing that you engage in.

destination


They work together with more global scale forces such as those related to emissions from aircraft carrying tourists to and from their destinations.

Too many people suffer from destination disease.

detergent


Such backbreaking labor is still commonplace in parts of the world, but for most homeowners the work is now done by a machine that automatically regulates water temperature, measures out the detergent, washes, rinses, and spin-dries.

It not only cleans clothes, but it does so with far less water, detergent, and energy than washing by hand requires.

devices


It is not that we are more eager or more ambitious than our ancestors but that we have, over time, invented all sorts of social devices to hasten the process.

disclosing


People who communicate to others about themselves rather freely, who are frank and open, who express their views, opinions, knowledge, and feelings freely, and who share their knowledge and personal experiences with others can be considered as the self-disclosing type.

disclosure


This communication or self-disclosure helps in generating data and such an individual has more of an open and public self than private self.

Without an optimal amount of self-disclosure we deny an opportunity for others to know us and for ourselves to get appropriate feedback.

discover


Scientific discoveries are being brought to fruition at a faster rate than ever before.

Equally, those from the West discovered a liking for the honey and vanilla wafer biscuits of the East.

People who don't communicate openly are private individuals who may have difficulty discovering themselves fully.

discussion


The gap between the reality of online life and how we experience it prevents our discussion of Internet privacy.

eager


It is not that we are more eager or more ambitious than our ancestors but that we have, over time, invented all sorts of social devices to hasten the process.

efficient


One day you happen to be walking through a hardware store and notice a rack of energy-efficient light bulbs, and you instantly decide to buy twenty of them and change out every bulb in your house.

The moral deficiency (not recycling) is, in your view, balanced by a moral action (installing energy¬-efficient bulbs).

electrical


With its electrical and mechanical system, the washing machine is one of the most technologically advanced examples of a large household appliance.

Compared with the old washers that squeezed out excess water by feeding clothes through rollers, modern washers are indeed an electrical-mechanical phenomenon.

eliminated


Numerous self-help books promote the benefits of positive thinking and positive behaviors, assigning negative affect in general, and sadness in particular, to the category of "problem emotions" that need to be eliminated.

emissions


They work together with more global scale forces such as those related to emissions from aircraft carrying tourists to and from their destinations.

emitted


Local climate changes may also be caused when air pollutants are emitted by the structures' incinerators, by stationary and mobile engines, and during land-¬clearing activities.

emotion


Sadness in our culture is often considered an unnecessary and undesirable emotion.

Numerous self-help books promote the benefits of positive thinking and positive behaviors, assigning negative affect in general, and sadness in particular, to the category of "problem emotions" that need to be eliminated.

From the classic philosophers through Shakespeare to the works of Chekhov, Ibsen, and the great novels of the 19th century, exploring the emotions of sadness, longing, and depression has long been considered instructive.

emperors


While some emperors sought to purify their cultures and return to what they viewed as their roots, for the most part empires have produced hybrid civilizations that absorbed much from their subject peoples.

empire


The cultural ideas spread by empire were seldom the exclusive creation of the ruling elite.

While some emperors sought to purify their cultures and return to what they viewed as their roots, for the most part empires have produced hybrid civilizations that absorbed much from their subject peoples.

employed


Much of the psychology profession is employed in managing and relieving sadness.

employee


Some companies provide their employees with cafeteria incentive programs.

Then, if one person has a family with two small children and wants to use some of this money for a child-care program, the costs are automatically deducted from that employee's pool of money.

The employees decide what type of coverage they want and the cost is deducted from their bonus.

Some organizations may be reluctant to facilitate their employees' participation in volunteer activities.

If employees want to do volunteer activity, they can make their own arrangements and do so on their own time.

Corporations also may be concerned about allocating the resources needed to set up such programs, or perhaps they fear that facilitating employees' engagement elsewhere may weaken their commitment to the organization or their jobs.

Research shows that participating in corporate volunteer activity heightens rather than weakens employees' organizational commitment, in part because people feel a sense of self-worth when they do the good deeds that their organizations made it easier for them to do.

enables


True, it produced legs for kicking and elbows for fouling, but all that this enables us to do is perhaps practice penalty kicks alone.

engage


Other animals that engage strangers in ritualized aggression do so largely by instinct.

One line of research suggests that how often you go over material is less critical than the depth of processing that you engage in.

Corporations also may be concerned about allocating the resources needed to set up such programs, or perhaps they fear that facilitating employees' engagement elsewhere may weaken their commitment to the organization or their jobs.

engagement


Corporations also may be concerned about allocating the resources needed to set up such programs, or perhaps they fear that facilitating employees' engagement elsewhere may weaken their commitment to the organization or their jobs.

ensured


This variety ensured that the ancient foragers received all the necessary nutrients.

entire


These ideas are entirely imaginary, but if everyone shares them, we can all play the game.

And yet adjusting what you eat is entirely possible.

Studies show 50 percent of high school graduates never read another entire book.

ephemerality


The seeming ephemerality of what is on the screen masks the truth: What you write is not erasable.

epic


In the imperial United States, an American president of Kenyan blood can eat Italian pizza while watching his favorite film, Lawrence of Arabia, a British epic about the Arab rebellion against the Turks.

equally


Equally, those from the West discovered a liking for the honey and vanilla wafer biscuits of the East.

erasable


The seeming ephemerality of what is on the screen masks the truth: What you write is not erasable.

especially


Especially in pre¬modern times, most of the calories feeding an agricultural population came from a single crop―such as wheat, potatoes, or rice―that lacks some of the vitamins, minerals, and other nutritional materials humans need.

evolution


Evolution did not give humans the ability to play soccer.

excess


Compared with the old washers that squeezed out excess water by feeding clothes through rollers, modern washers are indeed an electrical-mechanical phenomenon.

exclusive


The cultural ideas spread by empire were seldom the exclusive creation of the ruling elite.

existence


After identifying the existence of a problem, we must define its scope and goals.

experience


When you read your textbooks, try to relate information to your own life and experience.

The gap between the reality of online life and how we experience it prevents our discussion of Internet privacy.

More generally, the experience of the net undermines the reality of the net.

People who communicate to others about themselves rather freely, who are frank and open, who express their views, opinions, knowledge, and feelings freely, and who share their knowledge and personal experiences with others can be considered as the self-disclosing type.

exploring


From the classic philosophers through Shakespeare to the works of Chekhov, Ibsen, and the great novels of the 19th century, exploring the emotions of sadness, longing, and depression has long been considered instructive.

facilitate


Some organizations may be reluctant to facilitate their employees' participation in volunteer activities.

feedback


Without an optimal amount of self-disclosure we deny an opportunity for others to know us and for ourselves to get appropriate feedback.

feeding


Especially in pre¬modern times, most of the calories feeding an agricultural population came from a single crop―such as wheat, potatoes, or rice―that lacks some of the vitamins, minerals, and other nutritional materials humans need.

Compared with the old washers that squeezed out excess water by feeding clothes through rollers, modern washers are indeed an electrical-mechanical phenomenon.

flexibility


From both sides of the wall, these German housewives showed a remarkable flexibility in their food preferences.

focused


Gradually, over space and time, even these locally focused human activities are known to change the climate, regionally and globally.

following


If she was lucky, she could expect to eat the same on the following day.

foodstuffs


By contrast, ancient foragers regularly ate dozens of different foodstuffs.

forager


The foragers' secret of success, which protected them from starvation and malnutrition, was their varied diet.

By contrast, ancient foragers regularly ate dozens of different foodstuffs.

The peasant's ancient ancestor, the forager, may have eaten berries and mushrooms for breakfast; fruits and snails for lunch; and rabbit steak with wild onions for dinner.

This variety ensured that the ancient foragers received all the necessary nutrients.

fouling


True, it produced legs for kicking and elbows for fouling, but all that this enables us to do is perhaps practice penalty kicks alone.

freely


People who communicate to others about themselves rather freely, who are frank and open, who express their views, opinions, knowledge, and feelings freely, and who share their knowledge and personal experiences with others can be considered as the self-disclosing type.

fruition


Scientific discoveries are being brought to fruition at a faster rate than ever before.

gap


The gap between the reality of online life and how we experience it prevents our discussion of Internet privacy.

general


More generally, the experience of the net undermines the reality of the net.

Numerous self-help books promote the benefits of positive thinking and positive behaviors, assigning negative affect in general, and sadness in particular, to the category of "problem emotions" that need to be eliminated.

generating


This communication or self-disclosure helps in generating data and such an individual has more of an open and public self than private self.

genes


Puppies throughout the world have the rules for rough-and-tumble play built into their genes.

But human teenagers have no such genes for soccer.

global


Gradually, over space and time, even these locally focused human activities are known to change the climate, regionally and globally.

They work together with more global scale forces such as those related to emissions from aircraft carrying tourists to and from their destinations.

governing


Changing our food habits is one of the hardest things we can do, because the impulses governing our preferences are often hidden, even from ourselves.

grain


For example, in 1836, a machine was invented that mowed, threshed, and tied straw into bundles and poured grain into sacks.

hardware


One day you happen to be walking through a hardware store and notice a rack of energy-efficient light bulbs, and you instantly decide to buy twenty of them and change out every bulb in your house.

hasten


It is not that we are more eager or more ambitious than our ancestors but that we have, over time, invented all sorts of social devices to hasten the process.

heightens


Research shows that participating in corporate volunteer activity heightens rather than weakens employees' organizational commitment, in part because people feel a sense of self-worth when they do the good deeds that their organizations made it easier for them to do.

hidden


Changing our food habits is one of the hardest things we can do, because the impulses governing our preferences are often hidden, even from ourselves.

historical


Yet some degree of sadness and depression has been far more accepted in previous historical ages than is the case today.

homeowners


Such backbreaking labor is still commonplace in parts of the world, but for most homeowners the work is now done by a machine that automatically regulates water temperature, measures out the detergent, washes, rinses, and spin-dries.

housewives


After the fall of the Berlin Wall, housewives from East and West Germany tried each other's food products for the first time in decades.

From both sides of the wall, these German housewives showed a remarkable flexibility in their food preferences.

hybrid


While some emperors sought to purify their cultures and return to what they viewed as their roots, for the most part empires have produced hybrid civilizations that absorbed much from their subject peoples.

identical


They can nevertheless play the game with complete strangers because they have all learned an identical set of ideas about soccer.

identifying


After identifying the existence of a problem, we must define its scope and goals.

imaginary


These ideas are entirely imaginary, but if everyone shares them, we can all play the game.

impact


These people constantly communicate with others and make an impact on them.

At least it is difficult for them to see themselves fully through the eyes of others and also they make limited impact on others.

improving


Whether you're nine or ninety years old, you should constantly be learning, improving your skills, and getting better at what you do.

impulses


Changing our food habits is one of the hardest things we can do, because the impulses governing our preferences are often hidden, even from ourselves.

incentive


Some companies provide their employees with cafeteria incentive programs.

Cafeteria incentives take a variety of forms.

incinerators


Local climate changes may also be caused when air pollutants are emitted by the structures' incinerators, by stationary and mobile engines, and during land-¬clearing activities.

inclusive


Since the imperial vision tends to be universal and inclusive, it was relatively easy for imperial elites to adopt ideas, norms, and traditions from wherever they found them, rather than to stick to a single rigid tradition.

individual


In many cases, the company will put aside a pool of money that each individual can spend on these options, such as $3,000 annually.

Another individual might purchase additional life insurance or medical coverage to meet his or her specific needs.

This communication or self-disclosure helps in generating data and such an individual has more of an open and public self than private self.

People who don't communicate openly are private individuals who may have difficulty discovering themselves fully.

innovative


Thus, we find that the time between the first and second stages of the innovative cycle―between idea and application―has been cut radically.

installing


The moral deficiency (not recycling) is, in your view, balanced by a moral action (installing energy¬-efficient bulbs).

instinct


Other animals that engage strangers in ritualized aggression do so largely by instinct.

institute


In that case, you may decide to organize a carpool among people who use downtown parking lots and institute a daytime local taxi service using these privately owned vehicles.

instructive


From the classic philosophers through Shakespeare to the works of Chekhov, Ibsen, and the great novels of the 19th century, exploring the emotions of sadness, longing, and depression has long been considered instructive.

insurance


Another individual might purchase additional life insurance or medical coverage to meet his or her specific needs.

At Lincoln Electric, for example, all payments for worker medical insurance come from the bonus pool.

intimate


And yet many will use email, at least sometimes, for intimate correspondence.

issued


The first English patent for a typewriter was issued in 1714, but another 150 years passed before typewriters were commercially available.

knowledge


People who communicate to others about themselves rather freely, who are frank and open, who express their views, opinions, knowledge, and feelings freely, and who share their knowledge and personal experiences with others can be considered as the self-disclosing type.

labor


Such backbreaking labor is still commonplace in parts of the world, but for most homeowners the work is now done by a machine that automatically regulates water temperature, measures out the detergent, washes, rinses, and spin-dries.

lacks


Especially in pre¬modern times, most of the calories feeding an agricultural population came from a single crop―such as wheat, potatoes, or rice―that lacks some of the vitamins, minerals, and other nutritional materials humans need.

largely


Other animals that engage strangers in ritualized aggression do so largely by instinct.

launch


Were this not the case, the food companies that launch new products each year would be wasting their money.

laundry


Before the washing machine was invented, people used washboards to scrub, or they carried their laundry to riverbanks and streams, where they beat and rubbed it against rocks.

least


And yet many will use email, at least sometimes, for intimate correspondence.

At least it is difficult for them to see themselves fully through the eyes of others and also they make limited impact on others.

locally


Gradually, over space and time, even these locally focused human activities are known to change the climate, regionally and globally.

malnutrition


The foragers' secret of success, which protected them from starvation and malnutrition, was their varied diet.

managed


It is only recently that a thriving industry promoting positivity has managed to remove this earlier and more balanced view of human affectivity.

material


Especially in pre¬modern times, most of the calories feeding an agricultural population came from a single crop―such as wheat, potatoes, or rice―that lacks some of the vitamins, minerals, and other nutritional materials humans need.

One line of research suggests that how often you go over material is less critical than the depth of processing that you engage in.

In particular, it is useful to make material personally meaningful.

meaningful


In particular, it is useful to make material personally meaningful.

measures


Such backbreaking labor is still commonplace in parts of the world, but for most homeowners the work is now done by a machine that automatically regulates water temperature, measures out the detergent, washes, rinses, and spin-dries.

mechanical


With its electrical and mechanical system, the washing machine is one of the most technologically advanced examples of a large household appliance.

Compared with the old washers that squeezed out excess water by feeding clothes through rollers, modern washers are indeed an electrical-mechanical phenomenon.

minerals


Especially in pre¬modern times, most of the calories feeding an agricultural population came from a single crop―such as wheat, potatoes, or rice―that lacks some of the vitamins, minerals, and other nutritional materials humans need.

mobile


Local climate changes may also be caused when air pollutants are emitted by the structures' incinerators, by stationary and mobile engines, and during land-¬clearing activities.

modify


For example, changes in land cover and use, such as replacing forest with resort buildings and other structures, can modify the local climate.

moral


Life is a balancing act, and so is our sense of morality.

Research suggests that when we view ourselves as morally deficient in one part of our lives, we search for moral actions that will balance out the scale.

The moral deficiency (not recycling) is, in your view, balanced by a moral action (installing energy¬-efficient bulbs).

If we believe we are doing enough, morally speaking, then there's little reason to do more.

morality


Life is a balancing act, and so is our sense of morality.

morally


Research suggests that when we view ourselves as morally deficient in one part of our lives, we search for moral actions that will balance out the scale.

If we believe we are doing enough, morally speaking, then there's little reason to do more.

mowed


For example, in 1836, a machine was invented that mowed, threshed, and tied straw into bundles and poured grain into sacks.

mushrooms


The peasant's ancient ancestor, the forager, may have eaten berries and mushrooms for breakfast; fruits and snails for lunch; and rabbit steak with wild onions for dinner.

negative


Numerous self-help books promote the benefits of positive thinking and positive behaviors, assigning negative affect in general, and sadness in particular, to the category of "problem emotions" that need to be eliminated.

norms


Since the imperial vision tends to be universal and inclusive, it was relatively easy for imperial elites to adopt ideas, norms, and traditions from wherever they found them, rather than to stick to a single rigid tradition.

notice


One day you happen to be walking through a hardware store and notice a rack of energy-efficient light bulbs, and you instantly decide to buy twenty of them and change out every bulb in your house.

novels


From the classic philosophers through Shakespeare to the works of Chekhov, Ibsen, and the great novels of the 19th century, exploring the emotions of sadness, longing, and depression has long been considered instructive.

numerous


Numerous self-help books promote the benefits of positive thinking and positive behaviors, assigning negative affect in general, and sadness in particular, to the category of "problem emotions" that need to be eliminated.

nutrients


This variety ensured that the ancient foragers received all the necessary nutrients.

nutritional


Especially in pre¬modern times, most of the calories feeding an agricultural population came from a single crop―such as wheat, potatoes, or rice―that lacks some of the vitamins, minerals, and other nutritional materials humans need.

opinions


People who communicate to others about themselves rather freely, who are frank and open, who express their views, opinions, knowledge, and feelings freely, and who share their knowledge and personal experiences with others can be considered as the self-disclosing type.

opportunity


Without an optimal amount of self-disclosure we deny an opportunity for others to know us and for ourselves to get appropriate feedback.

opposing


To get into a game with the strangers we find in the schoolyard on any given afternoon, we not only have to work in concert with ten teammates we may never have met before, we also need to know that the eleven players on the opposing team are playing by the same rules.

optimal


Without an optimal amount of self-disclosure we deny an opportunity for others to know us and for ourselves to get appropriate feedback.

options


In many cases, the company will put aside a pool of money that each individual can spend on these options, such as $3,000 annually.

organization


Some organizations may be reluctant to facilitate their employees' participation in volunteer activities.

Corporations also may be concerned about allocating the resources needed to set up such programs, or perhaps they fear that facilitating employees' engagement elsewhere may weaken their commitment to the organization or their jobs.

Research shows that participating in corporate volunteer activity heightens rather than weakens employees' organizational commitment, in part because people feel a sense of self-worth when they do the good deeds that their organizations made it easier for them to do.

organize


In that case, you may decide to organize a carpool among people who use downtown parking lots and institute a daytime local taxi service using these privately owned vehicles.

originally


Thus, you solve the problem not as you originally posed it but as you later reconceived it.

participating


Research shows that participating in corporate volunteer activity heightens rather than weakens employees' organizational commitment, in part because people feel a sense of self-worth when they do the good deeds that their organizations made it easier for them to do.

participation


Some organizations may be reluctant to facilitate their employees' participation in volunteer activities.

particular


In particular, it is useful to make material personally meaningful.

For example, if you're reading in your psychology text about the personality trait of confidence, you can think about which people you know who are particularly confident and why you would characterize them as being that way.

Numerous self-help books promote the benefits of positive thinking and positive behaviors, assigning negative affect in general, and sadness in particular, to the category of "problem emotions" that need to be eliminated.

patent


The first English patent for a typewriter was issued in 1714, but another 150 years passed before typewriters were commercially available.

payments


At Lincoln Electric, for example, all payments for worker medical insurance come from the bonus pool.

peasant


The typical peasant in traditional China ate rice for breakfast, rice for lunch, and rice for dinner.

The peasant's ancient ancestor, the forager, may have eaten berries and mushrooms for breakfast; fruits and snails for lunch; and rabbit steak with wild onions for dinner.

penalty


True, it produced legs for kicking and elbows for fouling, but all that this enables us to do is perhaps practice penalty kicks alone.

personal


In particular, it is useful to make material personally meaningful.

For example, if you're reading in your psychology text about the personality trait of confidence, you can think about which people you know who are particularly confident and why you would characterize them as being that way.

People who communicate to others about themselves rather freely, who are frank and open, who express their views, opinions, knowledge, and feelings freely, and who share their knowledge and personal experiences with others can be considered as the self-disclosing type.

personality


For example, if you're reading in your psychology text about the personality trait of confidence, you can think about which people you know who are particularly confident and why you would characterize them as being that way.

personally


In particular, it is useful to make material personally meaningful.

phenomenon


Compared with the old washers that squeezed out excess water by feeding clothes through rollers, modern washers are indeed an electrical-mechanical phenomenon.

philosophers


From the classic philosophers through Shakespeare to the works of Chekhov, Ibsen, and the great novels of the 19th century, exploring the emotions of sadness, longing, and depression has long been considered instructive.

pollutants


Local climate changes may also be caused when air pollutants are emitted by the structures' incinerators, by stationary and mobile engines, and during land-¬clearing activities.

population


Especially in pre¬modern times, most of the calories feeding an agricultural population came from a single crop―such as wheat, potatoes, or rice―that lacks some of the vitamins, minerals, and other nutritional materials humans need.

posed


Most of us have problems that have been posed to us (e.g., assignments from our supervisors).

Thus, you solve the problem not as you originally posed it but as you later reconceived it.

positive


Numerous self-help books promote the benefits of positive thinking and positive behaviors, assigning negative affect in general, and sadness in particular, to the category of "problem emotions" that need to be eliminated.

positivity


It is only recently that a thriving industry promoting positivity has managed to remove this earlier and more balanced view of human affectivity.

preferences


Changing our food habits is one of the hardest things we can do, because the impulses governing our preferences are often hidden, even from ourselves.

From both sides of the wall, these German housewives showed a remarkable flexibility in their food preferences.

preferred


It didn't take long for those from the East to realize that they preferred Western yogurt to their own.

prevents


The gap between the reality of online life and how we experience it prevents our discussion of Internet privacy.

previous


Yet some degree of sadness and depression has been far more accepted in previous historical ages than is the case today.

privacy


The gap between the reality of online life and how we experience it prevents our discussion of Internet privacy.

privately


In that case, you may decide to organize a carpool among people who use downtown parking lots and institute a daytime local taxi service using these privately owned vehicles.

proceeds


The term cafeteria is used because choices are similar to those in a cafeteria, in which a diner proceeds down the line and chooses those foods that he or she would like and leaves the others.

process


It is not that we are more eager or more ambitious than our ancestors but that we have, over time, invented all sorts of social devices to hasten the process.

One line of research suggests that how often you go over material is less critical than the depth of processing that you engage in.

products


Were this not the case, the food companies that launch new products each year would be wasting their money.

After the fall of the Berlin Wall, housewives from East and West Germany tried each other's food products for the first time in decades.

profession


Much of the psychology profession is employed in managing and relieving sadness.

promote


Numerous self-help books promote the benefits of positive thinking and positive behaviors, assigning negative affect in general, and sadness in particular, to the category of "problem emotions" that need to be eliminated.

provide


Some companies provide their employees with cafeteria incentive programs.

psychology


For example, if you're reading in your psychology text about the personality trait of confidence, you can think about which people you know who are particularly confident and why you would characterize them as being that way.

Much of the psychology profession is employed in managing and relieving sadness.

purchase


Another individual might purchase additional life insurance or medical coverage to meet his or her specific needs.

purify


While some emperors sought to purify their cultures and return to what they viewed as their roots, for the most part empires have produced hybrid civilizations that absorbed much from their subject peoples.

rack


One day you happen to be walking through a hardware store and notice a rack of energy-efficient light bulbs, and you instantly decide to buy twenty of them and change out every bulb in your house.

radically


Thus, we find that the time between the first and second stages of the innovative cycle―between idea and application―has been cut radically.

rate


Scientific discoveries are being brought to fruition at a faster rate than ever before.

Research shows that participating in corporate volunteer activity heightens rather than weakens employees' organizational commitment, in part because people feel a sense of self-worth when they do the good deeds that their organizations made it easier for them to do.

reality


The gap between the reality of online life and how we experience it prevents our discussion of Internet privacy.

More generally, the experience of the net undermines the reality of the net.

rebellion


In the imperial United States, an American president of Kenyan blood can eat Italian pizza while watching his favorite film, Lawrence of Arabia, a British epic about the Arab rebellion against the Turks.

received


This variety ensured that the ancient foragers received all the necessary nutrients.

recognize


But we also recognize problems on our own (e.g., the need for additional parking space in the city where you work).

reconceived


Thus, you solve the problem not as you originally posed it but as you later reconceived it.

recycling


Maybe you know you should be recycling but just never get around to gathering up your glass, paper, and plastics in time for the recycling truck.

The moral deficiency (not recycling) is, in your view, balanced by a moral action (installing energy¬-efficient bulbs).

redefine


However, in order to solve this problem creatively, it may be useful to redefine it as a problem of too many vehicles requiring a space to sit in during the workday.

regionally


Gradually, over space and time, even these locally focused human activities are known to change the climate, regionally and globally.

regularly


By contrast, ancient foragers regularly ate dozens of different foodstuffs.

regulates


Such backbreaking labor is still commonplace in parts of the world, but for most homeowners the work is now done by a machine that automatically regulates water temperature, measures out the detergent, washes, rinses, and spin-dries.

relate


They work together with more global scale forces such as those related to emissions from aircraft carrying tourists to and from their destinations.

When you read your textbooks, try to relate information to your own life and experience.

relatively


Since the imperial vision tends to be universal and inclusive, it was relatively easy for imperial elites to adopt ideas, norms, and traditions from wherever they found them, rather than to stick to a single rigid tradition.

relieving


Much of the psychology profession is employed in managing and relieving sadness.

reluctant


Some organizations may be reluctant to facilitate their employees' participation in volunteer activities.

remarkable


From both sides of the wall, these German housewives showed a remarkable flexibility in their food preferences.

repetition


Many students could probably benefit if they spent less time on rote repetition and more on actually paying attention to and analyzing the meaning of their reading assignments.

replacing


For example, changes in land cover and use, such as replacing forest with resort buildings and other structures, can modify the local climate.

requires


It not only cleans clothes, but it does so with far less water, detergent, and energy than washing by hand requires.

resort


For example, changes in land cover and use, such as replacing forest with resort buildings and other structures, can modify the local climate.

resources


Corporations also may be concerned about allocating the resources needed to set up such programs, or perhaps they fear that facilitating employees' engagement elsewhere may weaken their commitment to the organization or their jobs.

rigid


Since the imperial vision tends to be universal and inclusive, it was relatively easy for imperial elites to adopt ideas, norms, and traditions from wherever they found them, rather than to stick to a single rigid tradition.

rinses


Such backbreaking labor is still commonplace in parts of the world, but for most homeowners the work is now done by a machine that automatically regulates water temperature, measures out the detergent, washes, rinses, and spin-dries.

ritualized


Other animals that engage strangers in ritualized aggression do so largely by instinct.

riverbanks


Before the washing machine was invented, people used washboards to scrub, or they carried their laundry to riverbanks and streams, where they beat and rubbed it against rocks.

rote


The foragers' secret of success, which protected them from starvation and malnutrition, was their varied diet.

Many students could probably benefit if they spent less time on rote repetition and more on actually paying attention to and analyzing the meaning of their reading assignments.

sacks


For example, in 1836, a machine was invented that mowed, threshed, and tied straw into bundles and poured grain into sacks.

sadness


Sadness in our culture is often considered an unnecessary and undesirable emotion.

Numerous self-help books promote the benefits of positive thinking and positive behaviors, assigning negative affect in general, and sadness in particular, to the category of "problem emotions" that need to be eliminated.

Much of the psychology profession is employed in managing and relieving sadness.

Yet some degree of sadness and depression has been far more accepted in previous historical ages than is the case today.

From the classic philosophers through Shakespeare to the works of Chekhov, Ibsen, and the great novels of the 19th century, exploring the emotions of sadness, longing, and depression has long been considered instructive.

scale


As with other human activities, there are many ways and spatial scales at which tourism contributes to climate change.

They work together with more global scale forces such as those related to emissions from aircraft carrying tourists to and from their destinations.

Research suggests that when we view ourselves as morally deficient in one part of our lives, we search for moral actions that will balance out the scale.

The scale is already level.

scope


After identifying the existence of a problem, we must define its scope and goals.

scrub


Before the washing machine was invented, people used washboards to scrub, or they carried their laundry to riverbanks and streams, where they beat and rubbed it against rocks.

seldom


The cultural ideas spread by empire were seldom the exclusive creation of the ruling elite.

similar


The term cafeteria is used because choices are similar to those in a cafeteria, in which a diner proceeds down the line and chooses those foods that he or she would like and leaves the others.

skills


Whether you're nine or ninety years old, you should constantly be learning, improving your skills, and getting better at what you do.

social


It is not that we are more eager or more ambitious than our ancestors but that we have, over time, invented all sorts of social devices to hasten the process.

sorts


It is not that we are more eager or more ambitious than our ancestors but that we have, over time, invented all sorts of social devices to hasten the process.

sought


While some emperors sought to purify their cultures and return to what they viewed as their roots, for the most part empires have produced hybrid civilizations that absorbed much from their subject peoples.

spatial


As with other human activities, there are many ways and spatial scales at which tourism contributes to climate change.

specific


Another individual might purchase additional life insurance or medical coverage to meet his or her specific needs.

spin


Such backbreaking labor is still commonplace in parts of the world, but for most homeowners the work is now done by a machine that automatically regulates water temperature, measures out the detergent, washes, rinses, and spin-dries.

squeezed


Compared with the old washers that squeezed out excess water by feeding clothes through rollers, modern washers are indeed an electrical-mechanical phenomenon.

stages


Thus, we find that the time between the first and second stages of the innovative cycle―between idea and application―has been cut radically.

starvation


The foragers' secret of success, which protected them from starvation and malnutrition, was their varied diet.

stationary


Local climate changes may also be caused when air pollutants are emitted by the structures' incinerators, by stationary and mobile engines, and during land-¬clearing activities.

structures


For example, changes in land cover and use, such as replacing forest with resort buildings and other structures, can modify the local climate.

Local climate changes may also be caused when air pollutants are emitted by the structures' incinerators, by stationary and mobile engines, and during land-¬clearing activities.

suffer


Too many people suffer from destination disease.

supervisors


Most of us have problems that have been posed to us (e.g., assignments from our supervisors).

technologically


With its electrical and mechanical system, the washing machine is one of the most technologically advanced examples of a large household appliance.

technology


The machine was based on technology that even then was twenty years old, but it was not until 1930 that such a machine actually was marketed.

term


The term cafeteria is used because choices are similar to those in a cafeteria, in which a diner proceeds down the line and chooses those foods that he or she would like and leaves the others.

text


When you read your textbooks, try to relate information to your own life and experience.

For example, if you're reading in your psychology text about the personality trait of confidence, you can think about which people you know who are particularly confident and why you would characterize them as being that way.

threshed


For example, in 1836, a machine was invented that mowed, threshed, and tied straw into bundles and poured grain into sacks.

thriving


It is only recently that a thriving industry promoting positivity has managed to remove this earlier and more balanced view of human affectivity.

tourism


Tourism is one of many contributors to changes in the climate system.

As with other human activities, there are many ways and spatial scales at which tourism contributes to climate change.

tradition


The typical peasant in traditional China ate rice for breakfast, rice for lunch, and rice for dinner.

Since the imperial vision tends to be universal and inclusive, it was relatively easy for imperial elites to adopt ideas, norms, and traditions from wherever they found them, rather than to stick to a single rigid tradition.

trait


For example, if you're reading in your psychology text about the personality trait of confidence, you can think about which people you know who are particularly confident and why you would characterize them as being that way.

truth


The seeming ephemerality of what is on the screen masks the truth: What you write is not erasable.

tumble


Puppies throughout the world have the rules for rough-and-tumble play built into their genes.

type


The employees decide what type of coverage they want and the cost is deducted from their bonus.

The first English patent for a typewriter was issued in 1714, but another 150 years passed before typewriters were commercially available.

People who communicate to others about themselves rather freely, who are frank and open, who express their views, opinions, knowledge, and feelings freely, and who share their knowledge and personal experiences with others can be considered as the self-disclosing type.

typewriter


The first English patent for a typewriter was issued in 1714, but another 150 years passed before typewriters were commercially available.

typical


The typical peasant in traditional China ate rice for breakfast, rice for lunch, and rice for dinner.

unbalanced


Farmers tend to eat a very limited and unbalanced diet.

undermines


More generally, the experience of the net undermines the reality of the net.

undesirable


Sadness in our culture is often considered an unnecessary and undesirable emotion.

universal


Since the imperial vision tends to be universal and inclusive, it was relatively easy for imperial elites to adopt ideas, norms, and traditions from wherever they found them, rather than to stick to a single rigid tradition.

unnecessary


Sadness in our culture is often considered an unnecessary and undesirable emotion.

unthinkable


Today, such delays between ideas and application are almost unthinkable.

varied


The foragers' secret of success, which protected them from starvation and malnutrition, was their varied diet.

variety


Cafeteria incentives take a variety of forms.

This variety ensured that the ancient foragers received all the necessary nutrients.

vehicles


However, in order to solve this problem creatively, it may be useful to redefine it as a problem of too many vehicles requiring a space to sit in during the workday.

In that case, you may decide to organize a carpool among people who use downtown parking lots and institute a daytime local taxi service using these privately owned vehicles.

vision


Since the imperial vision tends to be universal and inclusive, it was relatively easy for imperial elites to adopt ideas, norms, and traditions from wherever they found them, rather than to stick to a single rigid tradition.

volunteer


Some organizations may be reluctant to facilitate their employees' participation in volunteer activities.

If employees want to do volunteer activity, they can make their own arrangements and do so on their own time.

Research shows that participating in corporate volunteer activity heightens rather than weakens employees' organizational commitment, in part because people feel a sense of self-worth when they do the good deeds that their organizations made it easier for them to do.

weaken


Corporations also may be concerned about allocating the resources needed to set up such programs, or perhaps they fear that facilitating employees' engagement elsewhere may weaken their commitment to the organization or their jobs.

Research shows that participating in corporate volunteer activity heightens rather than weakens employees' organizational commitment, in part because people feel a sense of self-worth when they do the good deeds that their organizations made it easier for them to do.

worth


Research shows that participating in corporate volunteer activity heightens rather than weakens employees' organizational commitment, in part because people feel a sense of self-worth when they do the good deeds that their organizations made it easier for them to do.

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