① Homin: Jinho invited me to his magic show the other day. ② He performed wonderful card tricks in front of a huge audience. ③ I am envious of him as he has a plan for his future dream of becoming a professional magician. ④ He watches magic performance shows almost every day and keeps practicing magic tricks until he can perform them perfectly. ⑤ He has set his mind on studying psychology in college as magic basically deals with people's minds. ⑥ I wish I had a plan for my future. ⑦ Eunseo: Why don't you visit the career development office? ⑧ You can get some important information from the office. ⑨ Here's what I received from them.

① To make the right career choice, you have to learn about yourself first. ② Your values, interests, and personality will make some careers more suitable for you and others less appropriate. ③ You can use self-assessment tests, often called career tests, to better understand yourself. ④ Free career tests are available at our office. ⑤ If the career test results are not clear and don't solve the problem, don't give up. ⑥ A hobby you really enjoy can be an important part of choosing a career. ⑦ 5 Steps to Make a Career Choice STEP 1 Take a career test STEP 2 Make a list of jobs STEP 3 Get information about the jobs STEP 4 Narrow down the list STEP 5 Learn more about the jobs.

① Now, you should make a list of occupations based on your self-assessment test results. ② For each job on your list, you should do some careful research in order to learn about the occupation's educational requirements, outlook, and earnings potential. ③ After researching, you can eliminate careers in which you are no longer interested. ④ At this point you may only have two or three occupations left on your list. ⑤ You now have to gather more in-depth information from people who have first-hand knowledge. ⑥ You should identify who they are and conduct interviews with them or ask them for a job-shadowing opportunity. ⑦ If you are still not sure, don't worry. ⑧ Get yourself involved in various activities that you enjoy and do your best today. ⑨ Your best possible future will unfold when you make today the best it can be.

① I am a music lover, so yesterday I job-shadowed my uncle who is a music producer at X-Music. ② I left home very excited. ③ Not only was I getting the day off of school, but I was also getting a chance to see in person how a music album is made. ④ The studio was full of the latest equipment, whose size and complexity amazed me. ⑤ My uncle gave me a short explanation of the equipment. ⑥ He also explained what needs to be done to create an album, from planning the album to arranging, recording, and editing the music. ⑦ More than half of what he said sounded like a foreign language to me.

① We headed to the recording booth, where two singers were recording music for their rock band. ② Outside of the booth, the composer and a technician were waiting for us. ③ My uncle sat down in the middle next to the composer when the recording started. ④ It didn't take long, however, until it was stopped by my uncle, then by the composer and the technician. ⑤ They didn't like this or that about the music and had the singers repeat the same line again and again, all of which sounded perfect to me. ⑥ When everyone got exhausted, my uncle cheered them up with occasional funny stories. ⑦ It took a whole day to finish one song! ⑧ My day at X-Music helped me realize that love of music is not the only thing required to become a music producer: patience, leadership, and communication skills on top of a good ear for music are important skills to learn, too. ⑨ I'll have to come up with a plan to develop these skills.

① Best Job Ever? ② Hear from a Chocolate Taster! ③ I'm Cathy Carter. ④ I taste chocolate and evaluate its quality, telling good chocolate from bad, faulty chocolate. ⑤ The evaluation process begins with smelling samples and breaking them to see if they sound crisp. ⑥ Old or improperly stored chocolate doesn't make a crisp sound. ⑦ Then comes the actual tasting. ⑧ I put a small piece into my mouth, press it lightly against the roof of my mouth, and wait until it melts. ⑨ Then I breathe out through my nose to identify the smell. ⑩ I always record everything like smells, sounds, tastes, and textures on a computer. ⑪ As a chocolate taster, the most important part of my job is keeping my mouth objective.

① I have to keep my mouth ready and lively so that my evaluation may be as objective as possible. ② Since I taste an average of thirty samples a day, one should not affect the taste of another. ③ As soon as one is done, I spit it back out and wait for a while. ④ Then I eat a cracker and drink some warm water to get my senses back. ⑤ For those who want to become chocolate tasters, I would say love of chocolate is not all it takes to succeed. ⑥ Keen observation skills and a good understanding of basic concepts of chemistry are required, and a degree in Food Technology is recommended.

① Wide pants, a striped shirt, a baseball cap: walk down the street and you'll see what's in fashion. ② Teens, like adults, tend to follow popular trends. ③ That's fine if you're happy with the current style, but you can also create your own style if you're not. ④ Think of Steve Jobs, and a figure of a man wearing a black shirt and blue jeans might pop into your head. ⑤ Likewise, you can showcase your own charm and individuality with your own unique style, which can become a part of your personal image: a signature style. ⑥ Here are some tips from three teenage fashion leaders on how to experiment and find your own style.

① What is your favorite color? ② Do you often wear fashion items in that color? ③ As for me, my favorite color is green, but I felt it did not go well with my skin tone, so I used to avoid wearing it. ④ One day, I realized that green has many shades, so I experimented with various shades of green and eventually, I found that a deep green helps me look great. ⑤ If you like a certain color, you can try various shades like I did, and find one that suits you.

① Once you decide on a color, you may discover the color wheel useful to find other colors that go well together. ② There are three simple ways to use the color wheel: combining analogous colors, choosing complementary colors, and mixing together analogous and complementary colors. ③ Combining analogous colors is one of the easiest ways of matching colors that will give you an elegant look, for example, a yellow shirt on top of green pants. ④ Choosing complementary colors, like wearing a green skirt with red shoes, creates a bold impression. ⑤ Choosing a mixture of analogous and complementary colors together, called split complementary colors, can be tricky but results in a calmer look than a combination of complementary colors. ⑥ Unless your signature style is to wear colors that clash, using the color wheel will help you choose colors that are natural and pleasing to the eye. ⑦ {The color wheel} 1 Analogous colorsPick one color on the color wheel, skip one, and choose the next one. ⑧ 2 Complementary colorsSelect two colors on opposite sides of the color wheel. ⑨ 3 Split complementary colorsChoose two analogous colors and the complementary color of the one that is found between them.

① I spend a lot of time at school in my uniform, so I don't pay too much attention to what I wear. ② But there is one thing I often wear outside of school: a black striped shirt. ③ It's very casual with a simple design. ④ I like to wear it under a denim shirt, a leather jacket, or a cardigan. ⑤ Putting on clothes in layers like this keeps my style fresh even though I don't have a lot of clothes. ⑥ Mixing and matching clothes is a lot of fun! ⑦ My point is: If you have a favorite fashion item, and it goes well with your other clothes, you can create a new outfit every single day.

① One of the simplest ways to develop your own style is to pay attention to accessories like shoes, hats, glasses, or watches. ② I spend a lot of time choosing my eye glasses because they can be an important part of my look. ③ When I choose frames, I think of my face shape. ④ Since my face is rather angular, I usually choose round frames. ⑤ If your face is round, however, you may look better in angular or square frames. ⑥ Here's another important tip. ⑦ People tend to make purchasing decisions about frames in terms of material or color, but not many think about their eyebrows. ⑧ Eyebrows can be so expressive, and covering them with your frames may hide the feelings you express, eventually making you look strict. ⑨ BEFORE/ The frames cover the eyebrows, making him look strict. ⑩ AFTER/ The frames do not cover the eyebrows, making him look less strict.

① Climate plays a key role in what we wear, and the way we live as a whole. ② In the Netherlands, for example, where one fourth of its land area is located below sea level, an interesting form of shoes developed as a way of getting around the muddy roads. ③ Wooden shoes, called klompen, were the perfect tool to keep farmers' feet dry while working in wet areas. ④ A few artistic souls went further to begin dancing in klompen, which makes a pleasant series of rhythms, eventually providing a basis for modern tap dancing. ⑤ The Inuit had to fight the cold and the wind, and came up with the idea of wearing a heavy jacket called an anorak. ⑥ It was originally made from seal skin, and its surface had to be cared for regularly with fish oil for constant water resistance. ⑦ Now, it is a modern winter necessity, coming in a variety of styles and colors. ⑧ Pajamas have followed a similar route to become trendy fashion wear in the bedroom or on the streets. ⑨ In India, where staying cool is very important, a pair of wide pants made of light and soft fabric seemed to be the perfect way to stay cool. ⑩ The British rulers at the time liked the idea and spread the Indian pajamas to the rest of the world, helping them to arrive in our bedrooms. ⑪ The old saying that necessity is the mother of invention does make sense, and some good inventions seem to spread quickly and easily.

① "Going green" seems to be all the rage these days. ② Stores and companies use phrases like this to promote their businesses as eco-friendly. ③ It makes sense to try to live in a way that does not harm the environment, but is it easy to go green? ④ In your home, for example, do you always unplug your TV when you aren't watching it? ⑤ Do stores in your neighborhood always keep their doors shut when the heaters or air conditioners are on? ⑥ Probably not. ⑦ Some innovators have taken on the challenge of "going green," and have come up with some brilliant ideas to make "going green" easier and simpler.

① Reuse Oldies but goodies! ② Everyone has things that are no longer of any use, and chances are, those things will eventually get thrown away. ③ However, some of the things that get thrown out are still useful to other people. ④ Goedzak is a Dutch way of allowing people to get second-hand things that might otherwise be thrown away. ⑤ It is a special garbage bag that can be filled with used, but still usable items. ⑥ Placing the bag outside on the pavement makes whatever is in it available to anyone in the community. ⑦ Goedzak's bright color attracts attention while the transparent side of the bag reveals its contents. ⑧ People can help themselves to anything they like. ⑨ What an idea! ⑩ These transparent garbage containers have helped many Dutch people go greener by reducing the amount of trash going to landfills.

① Share Talk to the community. ② According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, a third of global food production goes into trash bins annually. ③ In Germany alone, around eleven million tons of food are wasted every year. ④ Having been founded to tackle this problem on a local scale, the online platform, "foodsharing∙de" allows extra food in your fridge or cupboard to be distributed to neighbors. ⑤ The basic concept is simple: people sharing food. ⑥ The only rule is not to pass anything on to others that you wouldn't eat yourself. ⑦ This project may change the way people think about food: if food is not shared, it is wasted.

① Waste Not Drink and eat it! ② Using disposable cups may be convenient, but it is not necessarily eco-friendly. ③ They are a massive source of waste. ④ Every year, people in the U.S. use over 100 billion disposable cups, and Koreans dispose of over 15 billion cups each year. ⑤ That's what drove a few novel designers to come up with edible coffee cups. ⑥ A cookie forms the main structure, with a white chocolate layer on the inside and a thin layer of sugar paper on the outside. ⑦ This structure allows you to drink coffee without finding yourself holding a soaked mess. ⑧ You can think of it as a treat for coffee! ⑨ You may have to consume extra sugar, but it will definitely create less waste.

① Use Less Holes mean a lot. ② What can you do to go green when you have 500 photocopies to make? ③ Many green strategies focus on using less paper, like printing on both sides. ④ Another green strategy is to use less ink, which is what many people already do. ⑤ But what if you could take it a step further? ⑥ That's what Ecofont is. ⑦ A designer thought that if he could create fonts that have tiny holes in them, he might be able to make more efficient use of the amount of ink used. ⑧ In fact, Ecofont uses about a fifth less ink than traditional fonts without ruining readability. ⑨ The brilliance of Ecofont is the different perspective it takes on going green: the use of less ink by the font.

① An eco-friendly way of life is not about changing the entire world overnight. ② It is about becoming aware of your own wasteful ways and then helping others become aware of theirs. ③ After awareness comes the process of adopting slightly different ways of doing some daily tasks. ④ When you do these things, you are keeping your environmental bank account full. ⑤ When you go one step further and help others do them too, you are an activist and big changes can happen.

① I was thrilled when my cousin, Suji, invited me to Italy, a country in southern Europe that looks like a boot. ② She had a few days off from studying music in a conservatory, so we could spend a week together in Rome and Venice. ③ I had never been abroad by myself, and I was a bit worried, but after the long flight for twelve hours, I was pleased to be greeted by my cousin at Leonardo da Vinci International Airport in Rome. ④ Since Italy is seven hours behind Seoul, I was quite exhausted and sleepy when I got there. ⑤ However, I forced myself to stay awake to begin my trip in earnest.

① Rome was like a giant museum to me. ② We began our sightseeing at the Colosseum. ③ Nowadays, we can only see a part of what was once the greatest structure in the ancient world. ④ It amazed me to think that people could build such a structure without modern construction equipment. ⑤ The Colosseum has eighty arches through which about fifty thousand people could go in and out in fifteen minutes! ⑥ As I reached the top of the stairs inside, I looked down and I could almost hear the cheer of the crowd.

① Suji and I walked along a path leading away from the Colosseum and heard the sound of falling water. ② We knew instantly that we were near the famous Trevi Fountain. ③ Legend says that a single coin thrown into the fountain will ensure a return to Rome, a second coin will bring true love, and a third coin marriage! ④ I threw one over my shoulder, wishing a return to Italy someday. ⑤ I found it interesting that even on the other side of the world, people still wish for simple things like happiness, love, and marriage.

① Who in Rome could miss out on a chance to visit Vatican City, the place where the Pope lives? ② It is known as the smallest state in the world. ③ In fact, it takes only thirty minutes to walk from one border to the other! ④ I was overwhelmed, however, by the collection of sculptures and paintings in the Vatican Museums. ⑤ The Creation of Adam, one of Michelangelo's masterpieces, on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, still lingers in my mind. ⑥ Although I knew photographs are not allowed, the masterpiece was so impressive that I almost took one. ⑦ After looking around, we walked out to see many people lined up in front of a small store where green apple gelato was served. ⑧ Suji convinced me to wait in line for over twenty minutes saying that it would be worth it. ⑨ She was right: the gelato was out of this world.

① After a couple of more days in Rome, we headed to Venice. ② The seaside city was a lot more romantic than Rome, but a lot more humid as well. ③ Suji said she had to visit a friend, so she suggested that I explore the city on my own for a few hours. ④ We could meet up at the train station later in the afternoon.

① I decided to go to the Rialto Bridge first, so I started walking. ② Within moments, the winding alleys made my map almost useless. ③ After some wandering, I was lucky enough to meet a group of tourists my age from Britain. ④ They were headed to the Rialto Bridge too! ⑤ The bridge itself was as elegant as people say it is, but I was more impressed by the beautiful view of the canal from the steps of the bridge. ⑥ I said goodbye to my British friends and walked to St_ Mark's Square, one of the prime attractions of Venice. ⑦ I had never seen so many pigeons in my life. ⑧ They were so used to being around people that they would wait until people weren't paying attention and then steal their crackers! ⑨ But what truly made me stop and stare in wonder were the beautiful buildings surrounding all three sides of the square. ⑩ Along the buildings were shops selling beautiful glass pieces, gloves, and much more. ⑪ After looking around for a while, I bought small glasses for my parents.

① My trip to Venice would not be complete without a gondola ride along the Grand Canal, which snakes through the city in a large S shape. ② I was disappointed to find out the fare to ride the Grand Canal by myself was so expensive that I could not afford it. ③ The moment I was turning back, I saw my British tourist friends walking toward the ticket office. ④ We shared the fare and we commented on the unique differences of the buildings along the canal. ⑤ We had a nice chat, took some great pictures, and exchanged email addresses before we got off the gondola.

① My trip to Italy was definitely an experience of a lifetime. ② I hope my next trip can be to England to visit my British friends. ③ People say that the world is a book, and that those who do not travel read only one of the pages in it. ④ So far, I have read two pages. ⑤ I hope I have opportunities to read many more pages.

① The Amazing Story of the 33 / Alone in the Dark. ② On October 13, 2010, thirty three Chilean miners who had been buried inside the San José mine for 69 days were finally rescued. ③ It was a triumph of engineering and a victory of faith. ④ The miners locked in below did not give up in the dark, nor did their families above ground surrender to despair.

① On August 5, 2010, at around lunch break, miners digging for copper and gold started to feel vibrations in the earth. ② Almost immediately after the vibrations began, they heard a sudden huge explosion, and the whole mine filled up with dust and rock. ③ A massive piece of the nearby mountain had broken off, burying almost all the layers of the mine. ④ For seventeen days after the initial collapse, there was no word on their fate. ⑤ As the days passed, Chileans grew increasingly uncertain that any of the miners had survived. ⑥ A small exploratory hole was drilled on August 22, and the camera captured a message that said, "We are still alive. ⑦ "It was the first sign of hope. ⑧ Soon, a video camera was sent down 700 meters deep and captured the first images of the miners, all clearly in good health. ⑨ The discovery sparked joyful celebrations nationwide, and rescue efforts gave a light of hope that the miners could be saved.

① The miners were lucky to have an air tunnel that allowed enough fresh air to reach them. ② They also had broken trucks from which they could charge the batteries of their head lamps. ③ In addition, they were able to drink water from storage tanks nearby. ④ Until the tunnel to deliver food and medicine was operational, food was the most critical issue in the shelter. ⑤ They only had enough food for two days. ⑥ For eighteen days, each person had to live on two spoonfuls of tuna, a mouthful of milk, bits of crackers, and a bite of canned fruit every other day. ⑦ Another factor which bothered the miners severely was the high heat and humidity of the shelter. ⑧ Each miner had lost an average of 8 kilograms by the time they were rescued.

① The miners united as a group soon after the collapse. ② They organized themselves into a society where each person had one vote. ③ They all knew that if their social structure broke down, their problems would become more serious and did what they could do best. ④ For example, José Henríquez, a religious man, tried to keep morale up, and Yonni Barrios, who had had some medical training, helped other miners with their health problems. ⑤ On October 9, a rescue hole was finally drilled through to the miners in their shelter. ⑥ It created a tunnel large enough to lift them one by one. ⑦ For this purpose, a specially designed capsule was built. ⑧ More than 1,400 news reporters from all over the world, together with the family members of the miners, gathered to watch the rescue process.

① On October 12, the first rescue worker was sent downward to the miners, who greeted him with nervous relief. ② Soon, the first trapped miner was raised to the surface. ③ One by one, the miners were brought up in the capsule to see the sunlight. ④ Upon leaving the capsule, each miner was enthusiastically greeted, but they could not see their families right away. ⑤ They had been trapped for so long that their first priority was to get medical attention. ⑥ Luis Urzúa, who had taken a major role as a democratic leader while underground, was the last one to come up to the surface on October 13. ⑦ "The 69 days during which we tried so hard were not useless. ⑧ We wanted to live for our families, and that was the greatest thing," Urzúa said to the Chilean people after his rescue. ⑨ Then, the rescuers and the rescued began singing the Chilean national anthem with the thousands of joyous people who came to support the operation, celebrating the heroics and the humanity of all those involved.

① A Jungle of Choice / Decisions, decisions, decisions. ② Being a consumer is tough these days. ③ At the same time, without decisions to make, being a consumer would be easier but much less interesting. ④ Stores are full of attractive products. ⑤ Advertisements cover cars and buildings, TV commercials shout slogans, and pop-up promotions on the Internet can be annoying. ⑥ Since we can't have everything we want, we have to make the resources that we have go as far as possible. ⑦ Imagine that you go to a shopping mall to buy a pair of jeans. ⑧ Let's take a look at some of the things that may affect your decisions while you are there.

① "Hey, these jeans are on sale! ② "Have you ever wondered why retail stores put items on sale? ③ Sales reduce inventory size, making room for the store to buy more stuff to sell, and they attract customers. ④ If the jeans were originally $100 but are now on sale for $80, the lower price would lead more customers to consider buying the jeans and spending another $20 on a T-shirt, too. ⑤ The bottom line is that sales attract customers that might not have made purchases at the regular price, and they motivate customers to spend because their money can now buy more.

① "Become the person you've always wanted to be. ② "Jeans are jeans, right? ③ Well, no! ④ There are ordinary jeans and there are designer jeans. ⑤ As the TV ads prove, beautiful people wear Brand X, don't they? ⑥ And you feel you'll be more beautiful if you wear it, too. ⑦ This is the power of association. ⑧ When advertisers associate appealing images with certain products, consumers may buy the products to associate themselves with those images. ⑨ You're still the same you, but you feel better about yourself because you are wearing Brand X's new jeans. ⑩ Is this worth paying 25%, 50%, or even 100% more? ⑪ Well, that's up to each individual to decide on his or her own.

① "How do you like these sneakers to go with those jeans? ② "Have you ever been offered to buy something that you had not planned on buying? ③ A sales clerk may make suggestions to you about what else to buy in addition to your originally planned purchase. ④ This is called up-selling and it's designed to be not only helpful for you, but also for the store's bottom line. ⑤ Have you also noticed that shoes, hats, and socks are displayed together next to one another? ⑥ They are mostly inexpensive items strategically placed there. ⑦ Since you've already decided to buy a pair of jeans, why not buy a pair of sneakers too? ⑧ No one can tell you that you shouldn't buy something that really suits you, but remember that the arrangement of items in a store is not random. ⑨ Product placement seems to have been designed to give subtle suggestions to consumers while they shop.

① What Most People Do Why are you influenced by these marketing strategies? ② What's going on in your head? ③ Well, when your brain is loaded with too many decisions to make, it may go on "autopilot. ④ "Instead of deliberating, you choose the easy way and make your decisions automatically. ⑤ For example, many people may simply assume that buying an item on sale will save them money, or that something with a higher price tag is better in quality. ⑥ Furthermore, if a cashier recommends something, you may feel as if you "needed" it all along.

① Notice What's Out There! ② If there are so many choices and marketing strategies out there, how can you become a smart consumer? ③ There isn't a "right" answer for everyone because we have different tastes and different values, but the first step is to be aware of your "autopilot" mode. ④ To prevent this, ask yourself these questions before you make any purchase. ⑤ Do I really need the product or do I simply want it? ⑥ Would my money be better spent on something else? ⑦ In the jungle of information, you may feel overwhelmed. ⑧ Don't worry, though. ⑨ Being a smart consumer is not something that comes naturally. ⑩ Once you start noticing what's out there, your experience and wisdom will guide you to smart consuming.

① Discover from Nature Do you remember your mom taking you to a doctor's office? ② The doctor decided to give you some medicine. ③ She rolled up your sleeves and gave you a shot in the upper arm. ④ That hurt, didn't it? ⑤ What if a shot given in the arm didn't hurt? ⑥ Well, maybe in the future, it won't. ⑦ Some scientists have been studying how the lowly mosquito is able to bite us without us knowing. ⑧ When they figure out the secrets, the doctor's shot might become a painless procedure. ⑨ This is what "biomimetics" is about.

① People who study biomimetics look to solve human problems by copying how nature does it. ② It might sound complicated, but it is much easier once you understand. ③ Let's look at some examples of biomimetics we see today or will see in the near future.

① Natural Air Conditioning Termites are simple creatures, but when they work together, they can build incredible natural structures. ② Some termite mounds can reach 7 meters in height. ③ They even go 3 meters underground. ④ There is another amazing fact about termite mounds: even though the temperature outside can vary from 40 degrees Celsius during the day to 1 degree Celsius at night, it is always about 30 degrees Celsius inside. ⑤ Termite mounds are built in a way that hot air rises out and cool air comes in through the bottom. ⑥ Inspired by termite mounds, Mike Pearce, an African architect, constructed a building in Zimbabwe and another in Australia using the same passive cooling techniques. ⑦ These buildings were 10% cheaper to build because less money was spent on air moving equipment, and this design reduced cooling energy costs by 35%. ⑧ Now that's a cool idea!

① Airplane Winglets If you look at an airplane's wings, you can sometimes see that the tips are turned upwards. ② These are called "winglets" and they may look neat, but they have measurable benefits. ③ When engineers studied birds, they observed that birds' wings have tips that turned up in flight. ④ They found that the tips smooth the flow of air, which helps them conserve energy when flying. ⑤ The engineers thought that if it worked for birds, why not for airplanes? ⑥ The end result is that the airplane winglets help keep planes smaller, saving about 10% in fuel costs. ⑦ This is beneficial not just for the environment but for passengers' wallets, too.

① Sea Urchins Sea urchins may be eaten in some parts of the world, but they can also damage parts of the sea environment with their bony mouths. ② A sea urchin mouth looks a lot like a five-fingered claw you might see while trying to pick up prizes at the arcade. ③ This design is surprisingly efficient at grabbing and grinding. ④ The efficiency of this natural design is now being tested for incorporation into missions in space. ⑤ When small robots are sent to another planet to collect soil samples, the standard method is to use something inefficient like a small shovel. ⑥ By copying the design of a sea urchin mouth, scientists believe it will be easier to collect samples. ⑦ Amazingly, a design developed naturally in the deep sea may soon be seen in deep space.

① When we observe nature, we can be amazed by its beauty and its grand scale. ② We should remember that nature has had millions of years to experiment. ③ Now, as we observe nature on all levels big and small, we have the technology and the means to copy what nature has perfected. ④ Because there is still so much we do not know about nature, there is still much left to discover. ⑤ Maybe one day you will be inspired by nature to invent a product that will change the world.

① Where Sound, Color and Letters Meet A piece of work in one field can inspire artists in another field to create something new. ② Music can inspire a painter to create a visual representation of something he or she has heard. ③ Likewise, a painting can inspire a musician to create music in which you can almost see different colors and shapes. ④ Furthermore, lines from a novel or a poem can inspire painters or musicians to create visual or auditory art that gives life to a story. ⑤ These interactions between artists can have unexpected results, producing works of art that have strong visual, auditory or emotional influences on people.

① Music Drawn on the Canvas Music has played a key role in the creation of some artwork. ② The influence of music on the visual arts can be best seen with the expressionist painter Wassily Kandinsky. ③ Kandinsky studied law and economics and was successful in his law career. ④ However, in his early 30's, he had an unusual visual experience while looking at Monet's Haystacks. ⑤ He also was influenced by the melody of Wagner's Lohengrin. ⑥ "I saw all my colors before my eyes," he said. ⑦ He felt as if wild and powerful lines appeared in front of him. ⑧ As a result, he gave up his law career to study painting. ⑨ For Kandinsky, music and color were closely tied together. ⑩ In his paintings, for example, yellow is linked with the sound of the trumpet and blue with that of the cello. ⑪ In addition, certain shapes in his paintings were associated with particular feelings. ⑫ The triangle represents aggressive feelings and the square calm moods. ⑬ Each time he stroked the canvas with his brush, he might have intended to turn a series of musical notes into visual forms.

① Melodies Reflecting Colors and Shapes Musicians have also found inspiration from painters and their works of art. ② Modest Mussorgsky was a composer who is famous for his descriptions of colors in his music. ③ One of his most frequently performed piano works, Pictures at an Exhibition, was composed in his efforts to capture what he felt about the paintings of an artist friend named Viktor Hartmann, who died at the early age of 39. ④ After visiting a memorial exhibition of Hartmann's works, Mussorgsky composed a piano suite in 10 movements to describe each of Hartmann's paintings displayed at the exhibition. ⑤ Anyone who listens to the movements can associate the melodies with what they see in Hartmann's paintings. ⑥ While Mussorgsky was writing the melodies, he must have wanted to translate the stories in the paintings into his musical language.

① Words Living in Melodies and Images A novel or a play often inspires musicians and painters. ② For example, Felix Mendelssohn was inspired after reading Shakespeare's play, A Midsummer Night's Dream, at the age of 17 and began to compose a piece of music to capture the magic and fantasy in Shakespeare's imaginary world. ③ It became part of his famous work, A Midsummer Night's Dream. ④ The Wedding March is one of the best known pieces from the suite. ⑤ Marc Chagall, known for his use of dreamy colors, was also moved by the play and drew a painting with the same title, Midsummer Night's Dream. ⑥ The figures in the painting recreate the dreamlike atmosphere of the play. ⑦ Although Chagall and Mendelssohn lived in different times, they both translated Shakespeare's words and sentences into their own artistic languages.

① The English word "inspire" originally meant "to breathe in." ② Air breathed in has to be breathed out in one way or another. ③ Kandinsky, Mussorgsky, Mendelssohn, and Chagall were great breathers because they turned their intakes into artwork that stimulates us in novel ways. ④ Maybe, they knew we would interpret their works accordingly, noticing the melodies, colors, shapes, and the words influencing each other.