2018년 3월부터 중1 & 고1 교과서가 바뀝니다!
2018년 3월부터 중1 & 고1 교과서가 새롭게 바뀝니다!
1 교과서 분량 축소: 2009 개정 교육과정보다 25~30% 정도 교과서 쪽수가 대폭 감소하였습니다.
2 학생 발달 단계를 고려한 성취 기준
- 듣기: (중등) 26% → (고등) 24%
- 말하기: (중등) 30% → (고등) 19%
- 읽기: (중등) 26% → (고등) 28.5%
- 쓰기: (중등) 18% → (고등) 28.5%
| 2009 개정 교육과정 |
기초 과정 | 기초 영어 |
실용 영어 | 실용 영어Ⅰ, 실용 영어Ⅱ, 실용 영어 독해와 작문, 실용 영어 회화 |
영어 | 영어Ⅰ, 영어Ⅱ, 영어 독해와 작문, 영어 회화 |
심화 과정 | 심화 영어, 심화 영어 회화Ⅰ, 심화 영어 회화Ⅱ, 심화 영어 독해Ⅰ, 심화 영어 독해Ⅱ, 심화 영어 작문 |
↓ ↓
| 2015 개정 교육과정 | <변경 사항>
|
공통 과목 | 영어 | |
일반 선택 | 영어Ⅰ, 영어Ⅱ, 영어 독해와 작문, 영어 회화 | |
진로 선택 | 실용 영어, 영어권 문화, 진로 영어, 영미문학 읽기 | |
전문 교과 | 심화 영어Ⅰ, 심화 영어Ⅱ, 심화 영어 회화Ⅰ, 심화 영어 회화Ⅱ, 심화 영어 독해Ⅰ, 심화 영어 독해Ⅱ, 심화 영어 작문Ⅰ, 심화 영어 작문Ⅱ |
2015 개정 교육과정 교과서는 언제부터 적용되나요?
| 2018년 | 2019년 | 2020년 |
중등 | 중학교 1학년 | 중학교 2학년 | 중학교 3학년 |
고등
| 영어, 영어 회화, 영어Ⅰ, 영어 독해와 작문, 실용 영어, 영어권 문화, 진로 영어, 심화 영어 회화Ⅰ, 심화 영어Ⅰ, 심화 영어 독해Ⅰ, 심화 영어 작문Ⅰ | 영어Ⅱ, 심화 영어 회화Ⅱ, 심화 영어Ⅱ, 심화 영어 독해Ⅱ, 심화 영어 작문Ⅱ |
|
출처: exam4you
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위스마트학원 해석도우미 출시
현상: 영어 해석을 어려워 하는 학생들이 생각보다 많다. (당연하다 우린 대한민국사람이니까)
고민: 어떻게 하면 도울 수 있지?
가설: 어려운 단어의 뜻을 미리 알고 연습해보면 어떨까?
그래서 나왔다.. 해석도우미 Ver 0.1
수업시간에 확인해보시라..
구리시 인창동 영어학원 위스마트학원 고등 중등 내신 수능 텝스
1등급이 가장 많은학원.
영어 쌩초보도 영어가 흥미로워지는 학원.
임희재 선생님
wayne36@daum.net
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1709 고2 모의고사 임희재 편저
1709 고2.txt
Hello World! This is ⌘VOCAB. 🤣
confidence acquir blindnes content estate dependent motivat pressure consumption noble reward depiction target failure motive description synapse disorder electrical forc regulate ly revis philosophical pack curse traditional artistry responsibility modest cooperation hurricane signal addresse nutrition assume prediction weaken depend behavior urge diversify stimulate inevitable expect suitable fundamental invest route motivation trigger inventor cognitive nervousnes preserve require aim agriculture mental superior heritage security context efficient scar yield secure fate declin agricultural intention transportation source convey acces temperature official eliminate circumstance preparation radically curiou reaction exposure ideal insight illusion term simplify plenty fair / absurd control extract weigh radiation perception spare pursuit intensively vary experiment pleasant analyst booster force technician obtain encourag obesity distinguish estimate logic objective strategy chore track improvement atmosphere sensitive sector hippocampu barrier stem resource struggle evolv / sophisticat violat exist hardship argument domestic essence distribut equally acceptable /intolerable adopt limit characteristic farther navigation relative proces trick nutrient production objectively effective attempt encourage complicat destination neuron interpret privacy passion accurate cope incentive interpersonal subject confidence involv amount random deficiency cop degree propertie sufficient behave figure ordinary capacity pursue concern equality tunnel regularly hypothesi determin rear ultimately strategie tricky accumulate structure perceiv induce translat digestion vital painful relevant shar value essential surrounding region profit persuade
This is ⌘VOCAB_word+definition. 😹
○ confidence 자신감 ○ acquir 습득하다 ○ blindnes 맹인됨 ○ content 내용 ○ estate 재산 ○ dependent 의존하는 ○ motivat 동기부여하다 ○ pressure 압력 ○ consumption 소비 ○ noble 고상한 ○ reward 보상 ○ depiction 묘사 ○ target 표적 ○ failure 실패 ○ motive 동기 ○ description 설명 ○ synapse 시냅스 ○ disorder 무질서/이상 ○ electrical 전기의 ○ forc 강요/하게하다 ○ regulate 규제하다 ○ ly ○ revis 수정하다 ○ philosophical 철학적인 ○ pack 싸다/포장하다 ○ curse 저주하다 ○ traditional 전통적인 ○ artistry 예술성 ○ responsibility 책임 ○ modest 겸손한 ○ cooperation 협력 ○ hurricane 허리캐인 ○ signal 신호 ○ addresse 다루다 ○ nutrition 영양분 ○ assume 가정하다 가정하다 ○ prediction 예측 ○ weaken 약화시키다 ○ depend 의지하다 ○ behavior 행동 ○ urge 충동 ○ diversify 다각화하다 ○ stimulate 자극하다 ○ inevitable 피할 ○ expect 기대하다 ○ suitable 적절한 ○ fundamental 근본적인 ○ invest 투자하다 ○ route 길/수단 ○ motivation 동기 ○ trigger 방아쇠/촉발시키다 ○ inventor 발명가 ○ cognitive 인지의 ○ nervousnes 초조 ○ preserve 보존하다 ○ require 필요로하다/요구하다 ○ aim 목표 ○ agriculture 농업 ○ mental 정신의 ○ superior 우월한 ○ heritage 유산 ○ security 보안 ○ context 맥락 ○ efficient 능률적인 ○ scar 상처 ○ yield 생산하다/양보 ○ secure 안전한 ○ fate 운명 ○ declin 감소하다 ○ agricultural 농업의 ○ intention 의도 ○ transportation 운송/수송 ○ source 근원 ○ convey 전하다 ○ acces ○ temperature 온도/체온 ○ official 공식적인 ○ eliminate 제거하다 ○ circumstance 상황 ○ preparation 준비 ○ radically 근본적으로 ○ curiou 호기심있는 ○ reaction 반응 ○ exposure 노출 ○ ideal 이상적인 ○ insight 통찰력 ○ illusion 환상 ○ term 용어 ○ simplify 단순화하다 ○ plenty 풍부함 ○ fair 공평한/ ○ absurd 어리석은 ○ control 통제 ○ extract 뽑아내다 ○ weigh 무게를 재다 ○ radiation 방사능 ○ perception 인식 ○ spare 용서하다 ○ pursuit 추구 ○ intensively 집중적으로 ○ vary 다양하다 ○ experiment 실험 ○ pleasant 즐거운 ○ analyst 분석가 ○ booster 후원자 ○ force 강요/하게하다 ○ technician 기술자 ○ obtain 얻다 ○ encourag 격려하다/하게하다 ○ obesity 비만 ○ distinguish 구별하다 ○ estimate 추정 ○ logic 논리 ○ objective 목표/객관적인 ○ strategy 전략 ○ chore 잡일 ○ track 통로 ○ improvement 개선 ○ atmosphere 공기 ○ sensitive 민감한 ○ sector 영역 ○ hippocampu 해마 ○ barrier 장벽 ○ stem 줄기/○ come ○ from ○ resource 자원/원천 ○ struggle 분투하다 ○ evolv 진화하다 / ○ sophisticat 세련되게하다 ○ violat 위반하다 ○ exist 존재하다 ○ hardship 역경 ○ argument 논쟁 ○ domestic 가정의/국내의 ○ essence 본질 ○ distribut 분배하다 ○ equally 똑같이 ○ acceptable 받아들일만한/○ intolerable 참을 수 없는 ○ adopt 입양하다 ○ limit 제한 ○ characteristic 특징적인 ○ farther 더 멀리 ○ navigation 항해 ○ relative 관련있는 ○ proces 처리하다 ○ trick 속임수/재주 ○ nutrient 영양의 ○ production 생산 ○ objectively 객관적으로 ○ effective 효과적인 ○ attempt 시도 ○ encourage 격려하다/하게하다 ○ complicat 복잡하게하다 ○ destination 목적지 ○ neuron 뉴런 ○ interpret 통역하다 ○ privacy 사생활 ○ passion 열정 ○ accurate 정확한 ○ cope 다루다 다루다 ○ incentive 동기/보너스 ○ interpersonal 대인관계의 ○ subject 피실험자/주제 ○ confidence 자신감 ○ involv 연관시키다 ○ amount 양 ○ random 무작위의 ○ deficiency 결점 ○ cop 다루다 ○ degree 정도 ○ propertie 재산/속성 ○ sufficient 충분한 ○ behave 행동하다 ○ figure 인물/수치 ○ ordinary 보통의 ○ capacity 용량 ○ pursue 추구하다 ○ concern 걱정 ○ equality 평등 ○ tunnel 터널/지하도 ○ regularly 규칙적으로 ○ hypothesi 가설 ○ determin 결심하다 ○ rear 기르다 ○ ultimately 궁극적으로 ○ strategie 전략 ○ tricky 속이는 ○ accumulate 돈 ○ structure 구조 ○ perceiv 인식하다 ○ induce 설득하여 ○ translat 통역하다 ○ digestion 소화 ○ vital 생명의/중요한 ○ painful 괴로운 ○ relevant 관계가 있는 ○ shar 공유하다 ○ value 가치 ○ essential 필수적인 ○ surrounding 둘러싸다 환경 ○ region 지역/부분 ○ profit 이익 ○ persuade 설득하다
This is ⌘READING. 😎
COLOR⇢ ◼︎키워드 ◼︎연결어 ◼︎방향성 ◼︎접속사 ◼︎등위접속사 ◼︎전치사 ◼︎기본동사
1709 고2 모의고사
21 요지
The effects of climate change will not be equally distributed across the globe, and there are likely to be winners and losers as the planet warms.
Regarding climate effects in general, developing countries are likely to experience more negative effects of global warming.
Not only do many developing countries have naturally warmer climates than those in the developed world, they also rely more heavily on climate sensitive sectors such as agriculture, forestry, and tourism.
As temperatures rise further, regions such as Africa will face declining crop yields and will struggle to produce sufficient food for domestic consumption, while their major exports will likely fall in volume.
This effect will be made worse for these regions if developed countries are able to make up for the fall in agricultural output with new sources, potentially from their own domestic economies as their land becomes more suitable for growing crops.
① 지구온난화가 개발도상국에 더 부정적 영향을 끼칠 수 있다. ② 환경오염의 심화로 사회 계층 간 갈등이 악화되고 있다. ③ 지구온난화 극복을 위해 환경 친화적 기술 도입이 시급하다. ④ 지구온난화가 농지 활용도를 높여 생산량을 증가시킬 수 있다. ⑤ 개발도상국의 기근 해결을 위한 선진국의 기술 지원이 필요하다.
22.Nervousness about public speaking is one of the most common fears among people.
It can serve as a real and significant barrier to effective communication and ultimately to academic and professional success.
Debate is an ideal setting to develop coping strategies that allow people to manage their speech anxiety.
Because debate both requires and allows for a lot of preparation, individuals develop confidence in their materials and passion for the ideas they support.
Debate provides a focus on the content over style, so the attention is on the arguments, not on the person.
Participants may forget to be nervous as they have so much else to think about.
And repetition of experience helps them build confidence and learn to cope with their inevitable nervousness in such a way as to prevent it from interfering with their objectives.
①적당한 긴장감은 업무 효율성을 증대시킨다. ②토론 시 지나치게 공격적인 태도는 지양해야 한다. ③상대방을 설득하려면 구체적인 근거 제시가 필요하다. ④토론은 공적인 말하기에 대한 불안감 극복에 도움이 된다. ⑤효과적인 의사소통기술은 학업 성취에 긍정적 영향을 미친다.
23 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
Many parents who have experienced personal hardship desire a better life for their children.
To want to spare children from having to go through unpleasant experiences is a noble aim, and it naturally stems from love and concern for the child.
What these parents don’t realize, however, is that while in the short term they may be making the lives of their children more pleasant, in the long term they may be preventing their children from acquiring selfconfidence, mental strength, and important interpersonal skills.
Samuel Smiles, a nineteenthcentury English author, wrote, “It is doubtful whether any heavier curse could be forced on man than the complete gratification of all his wishes without effort on his part, leaving nothing for his hopes, desires, or struggles.”
For healthy development, the child needs to deal with some failure, struggle through some difficult periods, and experience some painful emotions.
*gratification: 만족(감), 희열
①benefits of traditional childrearing practices
②critical factors in children’s physical development
③importance of parental emotional support for children
④necessity of parents letting their child experience difficulties
⑤differences between the parents’ and child’s points of view
24 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
In 1947, when the Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered, archaeologists set a finder’s fee for each new document.
Instead of lots of extra scrolls being found, they were simply torn apart to increase the reward.
Similarly, in China in the nineteenth century, an incentive was offered for finding dinosaur bones.
Farmers located a few on their land, broke them into pieces, and made a lot of money.
Modern incentives are no better: Company boards promise bonuses for achieved targets.
And what happens?
Managers invest more energy in trying to lower the targets than in growing the business.
People respond to incentives by doing what is in their best interests.
What is noteworthy is, first, how quickly and radically people’s behavior changes when incentives come into play, and second, the fact that people respond to the incentives themselves, and not the higher intentions behind them.
*scroll: 두루마리
① Relive the Glory of the Golden Past
② How Selfishness Weakens Teamwork
③ Rewards Work Against Original Purposes
④ Nonmaterial Incentives: Superior Motivators
⑤ Cultural Heritage Becomes Tourism Booster!
29 어법
English speakers have one of the simplest systems for describing familial relationships.
Many African language speakers would consider it absurd to use a single word like “cousin” to describe both male and female relatives, or not to distinguish whether the person (A) described/describing is related by blood to the speaker’s father or to his mother.
To be unable to distinguish a brotherinlaw as the brother of one’s wife or the husband of one’s sister would seem confusing within the structure of personal relationships existing in many cultures.
Similarly, how is it possible to make sense of a situation (B) which/inwhicha single word “uncle” applies to the brother of one’s father and to the brother of one’s mother?
The Hawaiian language uses the same term to refer to one’s father and to the father’s brother.
People of Northern Burma, who think in the Jinghpaw language, (C) has/have eighteen basic terms for describing their kin.
Not one of them can be directly translated into English.
30 어휘
Dworkin suggests a classic argument for a certain kind of equality of opportunity.
From Dworkin’s view, justice requires that a person’s fate be determined by things that are within that person’s control, not by luck.
If differences in wellbeing are determined by circumstances lying outside of an individual’s control, they are (A) fair/unjust.
According to this argument, inequality of wellbeing that is driven by differences in individual choices or tastes is (B) acceptable/intolerable.
But we should seek to eliminate inequality of wellbeing that is driven by factors that are not an individual’s responsibility and which prevent an individual from achieving what he or she values.
We do so by (C) ensuring/neglectingequality of opportunity or equality of access to fundamental resources.
31.
We are the CEOs of our own lives.
We work hard to urge ourselves to get up and go to work and do what we must do day after day.
We also try to encourage the people working for and with us, those who are doing business with us, and even those who regulate us.
We do this in our personal lives, too: From a very young age, kids try to persuade their parents to do things for them (“Dad, I’m too scared to do this!”) with varying degrees of success.
As adults, we try to encourage our significant others to do things for us (“Sweetie, I had such a stressful day today, can you please put the kids to bed and do the dishes?”).
We attempt to get our kids to clean up their rooms.
We try to induce our neighbors to help out with a neighborhood party.
Whatever our official job descriptions, we are all parttime _____.
① judges ② motivators ③ inventors ④ analysts ⑤ observers
32.
In many regions of Central America, native people can but do not grow green vegetables packed with vital nutrients such as vitamin A.
Generally speaking, the people do not have a tradition of raising these crops.
They often have limited education in general and almost no exposure to health and nutrition advice, and they grow what feeds the most people.
They often have plenty of tortillas and beans, so they have sufficient protein, and they eat until full.
Yet the lack of micronutrients leads to their children developing blindness, iron deficiency, and other growth disorders.
In these situations, families have to be educated about nutrition, encouraged to diversify their diets, plant more green vegetables, and sometimes receive nutritional assistance to _____.
*micronutrient: 미량 영양소
① eliminate obesity
② improve digestion
③ correct imbalances
④ consume more protein
⑤ preserve their tradition
33.
One of the most curious paintings of the Renaissance is a careful depiction of a weedy patch of ground by Albrecht Dürer.
Dürer extracts design and harmony from an apparently random collection of weeds and grasses that we would normally not think twice to look at.
By taking such an ordinary thing, he is able to convey his artistry in a pure form.
In a similar way, scientists often when trying to understand the essence of a problem.
Studying relatively simple systems avoids unnecessary complications, and can allow deeper insights to be obtained.
This is particularly true when we are trying to understand something as problematic as our ability to learn.
Human reactions are so complex that they can be difficult to interpret objectively.
It sometimes helps to step back and consider how more modest creatures, like bacteria or weeds, deal with the challenges they face.
①depend on personal experience
②choose to study humble subjects
③ work in close cooperation with one another
④look for solutions to problems from the past
⑤ test a hypothesis through lots of experiments
34.
This true story is about a governmentowned shoe factory in Poland in the days when the country had a much more socialist economy.
Every month, the Polish government gave the factory materials, and the manager was told to produce a fixed number of shoes.
Because there was no profit motive involved, the manager’s basic goal was to meet the quota in the easiest possible way―by producing only small shoes.
This production strategy created a problem for people who had big feet, and so the government revised the system.
Now the factory received the same amount of materials, but instead of producing a fixed number of shoes, the factory was expected to produce a fixed number of tons of shoes.
In other words, the factory’s output would now be weighed rather than counted.
And again, the factory’s manager responded in the most efficient way, by producing nothing but huge shoes.
In either situation, the government’s strategy did not provide any motivation to _____.
① improve the working environment for employees
② simplify the production process to reduce costs
③ increase the number of factories to make more profit
④ produce shoes in various sizes that met people’s needs
⑤ adopt new technology to compete against foreign shoes
35 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?
The use of drones in science has been increasing.
Drones may be useful to collect all kinds of research data.
① For instance, in meteorology drones can collect data on humidity, pressure, temperature, wind force, radiation, etc.
② In case of nearing tornados or hurricanes, people can seek safety with the help of the data gathered by drones.
③ With drone delivery systems, fewer transportation carriers will be traveling on roads and polluting the atmosphere.
④ Drones can gather relevant data in places that were previously difficult or costly to reach―data that may provide new scientific knowledge about the atmosphere and the climate.
⑤ Such knowledge may improve existing climate models and provide more accurate predictions.
*meteorology: 기상학
36.
Crossing the street in Los Angeles is a tricky business, but luckily, at the press of a button, we can stop traffic. Or can we?
(A)Clever technicians create the illusion of control by installing fake temperature dials.
This reduces energy bills―and complaints.
Such tricks are called “placebo buttons” and they are being pushed in all sorts of contexts.
(B)The button’s real purpose is to make us believe we have an influence on the traffic lights, and thus we’re better able to endure the wait for the signal to change with more patience.
(C) The same goes for “dooropen” and “doorclose” buttons in elevators: Many are not even connected to the electrical panel.
Such tricks are also designed in offices: For some people it will always be too hot, for others, too cold.
37.
Both taxi and bus drivers use a part of their brain called the hippocampus to navigate routes that can sometimes be very complicated.
Who would you guess has the larger hippocampus: the taxi driver or bus driver?
(A)In contrast, most bus drivers follow the same route every day and therefore do not stimulate their hippocampus as much.
Over time, the taxi driver’s role triggers a growth of neurons and synapses in the hippocampus, resulting in its increased size.
(B)Brain changes like this are the basis for seeing improvement in mental performance.
So if you put away your satellite navigation system and regularly use your memory instead, you may end up with a larger hippocampus and perhaps a better memory, too.
(C)The answer is the taxi driver.
This is because taxi drivers need to take new routes quite often.
To do this, they use their hippocampus intensively to memorize all kinds of routes and figure out the quickest way to reach their destinations.
*hippocampus: (뇌의) 해마
38.
Yet, although the robot is sophisticated, it lacks all motivation to act.
Emotion plays an essential role in all our pursuits―including our pursuit of happiness.
( ① ) It is nearly impossible for us to imagine a life without emotion.
( ② ) Think of an emotionless robot that, other than the capacity for emotions, has exactly the same physical and cognitive characteristics as humans.
( ③ ) The robot thinks and behaves in the same way that humans do.
( ④ ) It can discuss deep philosophical issues and follow complex logic; it can dig tunnels and build skyscrapers.
( ⑤ ) This is because even the most basic desires are dependent on emotions―the one thing this robot lacks.
39.
However, concerns have been raised that cookies, which can track what people do online, may be violating privacy by helping companies or government agencies accumulate personal information.
_________________________________________
Favorite websites sometimes greet users like old friends.
Online bookstores welcome their customers by name and suggest new books they might like to read.
(①)Real estate sites tell their visitors about new properties that have come on the market.
(②)These tricks are made possible by cookies, small files that an Internet server stores inside individuals’ web browsers so it can remember them.
(③) Therefore, cookies can greatly benefit individuals.
(④) For example, cookies save users the chore of having to enter names and addresses into ecommerce websites every time they make a purchase.
(⑤) Security is another concern: Cookies make shared computers far less secure and offer hackers many ways to break into systems.
40.
We often assume we see our physical surroundings as they actually are.
But new research suggests that how we see the world depends on what we want from it.
When a group of psychologists asked people to estimate how far away a bottle of water was, those who were thirsty guessed it was closer than nonthirsty people did.
This difference in perception showed up in a physical challenge, too.
When people were told to toss a beanbag at a $25 gift card, and that the closest would win it, people threw their beanbags nine inches short on average.
But when the gift card’s value was $0, people threw their beanbags past the card by an inch.
As the brain evolved, people who saw distances to goals as shorter might have gone after what they wanted more often.
This error in perception was actually an advantage, leading people to get what they needed.
*beanbag: 콩 주머니
_____ objects are perceived as physically _____ to people than they really are, which might have motivated people to pursue them.
① Desired --- nearer
② Familiar --- farther
③ Novel --- bigger
④ Familiar --- heavier
⑤ Desired --- lighter사
This is ⌘Cloze. Fill in the blanks. 😉
#21 요지.
The effects of climate change will not be (equally ) (distributed ) across the globe, and there are (likely ) to be winners and losers as the planet warms.
(Regarding ) climate effects in general, developing countries are (likely ) to experience more negative effects of global (warming ).
Not only do many developing countries have naturally warmer climates than those in the developed world, they also (rely ) more (heavily ) on climate (sensitive ) (sectors ) such as (agriculture ), forestry, and tourism.
As (temperatures ) rise (further ), (regions ) such as Africa will face (declining ) crop (yields ) and will (struggle ) to (produce ) (sufficient ) food for (domestic ) (consumption ), while their major exports will (likely ) fall in volume.
This effect will be made worse for these (regions ) if developed countries are able to make up for the fall in (agricultural ) output with new (sources ), (potentially ) from their own (domestic ) economies as their land becomes more (suitable ) for growing crops.
#22 요지.
(Nervousness ) about public speaking is one of the most common fears among people.
It can (serve as ) a real and (significant ) (barrier ) to (effective ) communication and (ultimately ) to academic and professional success.
Debate is an (ideal ) setting to develop (coping ) (strategies ) that (allow ) people to manage their speech anxiety.
Because debate both (requires ) and (allows ) for a lot of (preparation ), individuals develop (confidence ) in their materials and (passion ) for the ideas they support.
Debate provides a (focus on ) the (content ) over style, so the attention is on the (arguments ), not on the person.
Participants may forget to be nervous as they have so much else to think about.
And repetition of experience helps them build (confidence ) and learn to (cope ) with their (inevitable ) (nervousness ) in such a way as to prevent it from interfering with their (objectives ).
#23 주제.
Many parents who have (experienced ) personal (hardship ) desire a (better ) life for their children.
To want to (spare ) children from having to go through unpleasant experiences is a (noble ) (aim ), and it naturally (stems ) from love and (concern ) for the child.
What these parents don’t realize, however, is that while in the short term they may be making the lives of their children more (pleasant ), in the long term they may be preventing their children from (acquiring ) self(confidence ), (mental ) strength, and important (interpersonal ) skills.
Samuel Smiles, a nineteenthcentury English author, wrote, “It is doubtful whether any heavier (curse ) could be (forced ) on man than the (complete ) gratification of all his wishes without effort on his part, leaving nothing for his hopes, desires, or (struggles ).”
For healthy development, the child needs to deal with some (failure ), (struggle ) through some difficult periods, and experience some (painful ) emotions.
#24 제목.
In 1947, when the Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered, archaeologists set a finder’s fee for each new document.
Instead of lots of extra scrolls being found, they were simply torn (apart ) to increase the (reward ).
Similarly, in China in the nineteenth century, an (incentive ) was offered for finding dinosaur bones.
Farmers located a few on their land, broke them into pieces, and made a lot of money.
Modern (incentives ) are no (better ): Company boards promise bonuses for achieved (targets ).
And what happens?
Managers (invest ) more energy in trying to (lower ) the (targets ) than in growing the business.
People respond to (incentives ) by doing what is in their best interests.
What is noteworthy is, first, how quickly and (radically ) people’s (behavior ) changes when (incentives ) come into play, and second, the fact that people respond to the (incentives ) themselves, and not the higher (intentions ) behind them.
26 내용.
일치 Ole Bull (was born ) in Bergen, Norway, in 1810.
He was a violinist and (composer ) known for his unique performance method.
His father wished for him to become a minister of the church, but he desired a musical career.
At the age of five, he could play all of the songs he had heard his mother play on the violin.
At age nine, he played first violin in the orchestra of Bergen’s theater.
His debut as a soloist came in 1819, and by 1828 he was made (conductor ) of the Musical Lyceum.
He is believed to have (composed ) more than 70 works, but only about 10 remain today.
In 1850, caught up in a (rising ) (tide ) of Norwegian romantic (nationalism ), Bull cofounded the first theater in which actors performed in Norwegian (rather ) than Danish.
Bull died from cancer in his home in 1880.
He had (held ) his last concert in Chicago the same year, (despite ) his illness.
#29 어법.
English speakers have one of the simplest systems for describing familial relationships.
Many African language speakers would (consider ) it (absurd ) to use a single word like “cousin” to describe both male and female (relatives ), or not to (distinguish ) whether the person described is (related ) by blood to the speaker’s father or to his mother.
To be unable to (distinguish ) a brotherinlaw as the brother of one’s wife or the husband of one’s sister would seem confusing within the (structure ) of personal relationships (existing ) in many cultures.
Similarly, how is it possible to make sense of a situation inwhicha single word “uncle” (applies to ) the brother of one’s father and to the brother of one’s mother?
The Hawaiian language uses the same term to (refer ) to one’s father and to the father’s brother.
People of Northern Burma, who think in the Jinghpaw language, have eighteen basic (terms ) for describing their kin.
Not one of them can be directly (translated ) into English.
#30 문맥.
Dworkin (suggests ) a classic (argument ) for a certain kind of (equality ) of opportunity.
From Dworkin’s view, (justice ) (requires ) that a person’s (fate ) be (determined ) by things that are within that person’s (control ), not by luck.
If differences in wellbeing are (determined ) by (circumstances ) (lying ) (outside ) of an individual’s (control ), they are unjust.
According to this (argument ), inequality of wellbeing that is driven by differences in individual choices or tastes is (acceptable ).
But we should seek to (eliminate ) inequality of wellbeing that is driven by factors that are not an individual’s (responsibility ) and which prevent an individual from achieving what he or she (values ).
We do so by ensuringequality of opportunity or (equality ) of (access ) to (fundamental ) (resources ).
#31 빈칸.
We are the CEOs of our own lives.
We work hard to (urge ) ourselves to get up and go to work and do what we must do day after day.
We also try to (encourage ) the people working for and with us, those who are doing business with us, and even those who (regulate ) us.
We do this in our personal lives, too: From a very young age, kids try to (persuade ) their parents to do things for them (“Dad, I’m too (scared ) to do this!”) with (varying ) (degrees ) of success.
As adults, we try to (encourage ) our (significant ) others to do things for us (“Sweetie, I had such a stressful day today, can you please put the kids to bed and do the dishes?”).
We (attempt ) to get our kids to clean up their rooms.
We try to (induce ) our neighbors to help out with a neighborhood party.
(Whatever ) our (official ) job (descriptions ), we are all parttime motivators.
#32 빈칸.
In many (regions ) of Central America, (native ) people can but do not grow green vegetables (packed ) with (vital ) (nutrients ) such as vitamin A.
Generally speaking, the people do not have a tradition of raising these crops.
They often have (limited ) education in general and almost no (exposure ) to health and (nutrition ) advice, and they grow what feeds the most people.
They often have (plenty ) of tortillas and beans, so they have (sufficient ) protein, and they eat until full.
Yet the lack of micronutrients leads to their children developing (blindness ), iron (deficiency ), and other growth (disorders ).
In these situations, families have to be educated about (nutrition ), (encouraged ) to (diversify ) their diets, plant more green vegetables, and sometimes receive nutritional assistance to correct imbalances.
33 빈칸.
One of the most (curious ) paintings of the Renaissance is a careful (depiction ) of a weedy patch of ground by Albrecht Dürer.
Dürer (extracts ) design and harmony from an (apparently ) (random ) collection of weeds and grasses that we would normally not think twice to look at.
By taking such an (ordinary ) thing, he is able to (convey ) his (artistry ) in a pure form.
In a similar way, scientists often choose to study humble (subjects ) when trying to understand the (essence ) of a problem.
Studying (relatively ) simple systems avoids unnecessary complications, and can (allow ) deeper (insights ) to be (obtained ).
This is (particularly ) true when we are trying to understand something as problematic as our ability to learn.
Human (reactions ) are so complex that they can be difficult to (interpret ) (objectively ).
It sometimes helps to step back and (consider ) how more (modest ) creatures, like bacteria or weeds, deal with the challenges they face.
34 빈칸.
This true story is about a governmentowned shoe factory in Poland in the days when the country had a much more socialist economy.
Every month, the (Polish ) government gave the factory materials, and the manager was told to (produce ) a (fixed ) number of shoes.
Because there was no (profit ) (motive ) (involved ), the manager’s basic goal was to meet the quota in the easiest possible way―by producing only small shoes.
This (production ) (strategy ) created a problem for people who had big feet, and so the government (revised ) the system.
Now the factory received the same (amount ) of materials, but instead of producing a (fixed ) number of shoes, the factory was (expected to ) (produce ) a (fixed ) number of tons of shoes.
In other words, the factory’s output would now be (weighed ) (rather ) than counted.
And again, the factory’s manager responded in the most (efficient ) way, by producing nothing but huge shoes.
In (either ) situation, the government’s (strategy ) did not provide any (motivation ) to (produce ) shoes in various sizes that met people’s needs.
35 무관한.
The use of drones in science has been increasing.
Drones may be useful to collect all kinds of research data.
For instance, in meteorology drones can collect data on humidity, (pressure ), (temperature ), wind (force ), (radiation ), etc.
In case of nearing tornados or (hurricanes ), people can seek safety with the help of the data gathered by drones.
Drones can gather (relevant ) data in places that were (previously ) difficult or (costly ) to (reach )―data that may provide new scientific knowledge about the (atmosphere ) and the climate.
Such knowledge may improve (existing ) climate models and provide more (accurate ) (predictions ).
36 순서.
Crossing the street in Los Angeles is a (tricky ) business, but luckily, at the (press ) of a button, we can stop traffic.
Or can we?
The button’s real purpose is to make us believe we have an influence on the traffic lights, and thus we’re (better ) able to endure the wait for the (signal ) to change with more patience.
The same goes for “dooropen” and “doorclose” buttons in elevators: Many are not even connected to the (electrical ) panel.
Such (tricks ) are also designed in offices: For some people it will always be too hot, for others, too cold.
Clever (technicians ) create the (illusion ) of (control ) by installing fake (temperature ) dials.
This reduces energy bills―and complaints.
Such (tricks ) are (called ) “placebo buttons” and they are being pushed in all sorts of (contexts ).
37 순서.
Both taxi and bus drivers use a part of their brain (called ) the (hippocampus ) to navigate (routes ) that can sometimes be very (complicated ).
Who would you guess has the larger (hippocampus ): the taxi driver or bus driver?
The answer is the taxi driver.
This is because taxi drivers need to take new (routes ) quite often.
To do this, they use their (hippocampus ) (intensively ) to memorize all kinds of (routes ) and (figure ) out the quickest way to (reach ) their (destinations ).
In contrast, most bus drivers (follow ) the same (route ) every day and (therefore ) do not (stimulate ) their (hippocampus ) as much.
Over time, the taxi driver’s role (triggers ) a growth of (neurons ) and (synapses ) in the (hippocampus ), resulting in its increased size.
Brain changes like this are the basis for seeing (improvement ) in (mental ) performance.
So if you put (away ) your satellite (navigation ) system and (regularly ) use your memory instead, you may end up with a larger (hippocampus ) and perhaps a (better ) memory, too.
38 삽입.
Emotion plays an (essential ) role in all our (pursuits )―(including ) our (pursuit ) of happiness.
It is nearly impossible for us to imagine a life without emotion.
Think of an emotionless robot that, other than the (capacity ) for emotions, has exactly the same physical and (cognitive ) (characteristics ) as humans.
The robot thinks and (behaves ) in the same way that (humans do ).
It can discuss deep (philosophical ) issues and (follow ) complex (logic ); it can dig (tunnels ) and build skyscrapers.
Yet, although the robot is (sophisticated ), it lacks all (motivation ) to act.
This is because even the most basic desires are (dependent ) on emotions―the one thing this robot lacks.
#39 삽입.
Favorite websites sometimes greet users like old friends.
Online bookstores welcome their customers by name and (suggest ) new books they might like to read.
Real (estate ) sites tell their visitors about new (properties ) that have come on the market.
These (tricks ) are made possible by cookies, small files that an Internet server stores inside individuals’ web browsers so it can remember them.
(Therefore ), cookies can (greatly ) benefit individuals.
For example, cookies save users the (chore ) of having to enter names and (addresses ) into ecommerce websites every time they make a purchase.
However, (concerns ) have been raised that cookies, which can (track ) what people do online, may be (violating ) (privacy ) by helping companies or government agencies (accumulate ) personal information.
(Security ) is another (concern ): Cookies make (shared ) computers (far ) less (secure ) and offer hackers many ways to break into systems.
#40 요약문.
We often (assume ) we see our physical (surroundings ) as they actually are.
But new research (suggests ) that how we see the world (depends ) on what we want from it.
When a group of psychologists asked people to (estimate ) how (far ) (away ) a bottle of water was, those who were thirsty guessed it was closer than nonthirsty people did.
This difference in (perception ) showed up in a physical challenge, too.
When people were told to toss a beanbag at a $25 gift card, and that the closest would win it, people threw their beanbags nine inches short on average.
But when the gift card’s (value ) was $0, people threw their beanbags past the card by an inch.
As the brain (evolved ), people who saw distances to goals as shorter might have gone after what they wanted more often.
This error in (perception ) was actually an advantage, (leading ) people to get what they needed.
This is ⌘Orgin. Fill in the blanks. 😍
#21 요지.
The effects of climate change will not be equally distributed across the globe, and there are likely to be winners and losers as the planet warms.
Regarding climate effects in general, developing countries are likely to experience more negative effects of global warming.
Not only do many developing countries have naturally warmer climates than those in the developed world, they also rely more heavily on climate sensitive sectors such as agriculture, forestry, and tourism.
As temperatures rise further, regions such as Africa will face declining crop yields and will struggle to produce sufficient food for domestic consumption, ⚠️ [접속사]while their major exports will likely fall in volume.
This effect will be made worse for these regions if developed countries are able to make up for the fall in agricultural output with new sources, potentially from their own domestic economies as their land becomes more suitable for growing crops.
#22 요지.
Nervousness about public speaking is one of the most common fears among people.
It can serve as a real and significant barrier to effective communication and ultimately to academic and professional success.
Debate is an ideal setting to develop coping strategies ⚠️ [접속사]that allow people to manage their speech anxiety.
Because debate both requires and allows for a lot of preparation, individuals develop confidence in their materials and passion for the ideas they support.
Debate provides a focus on the content over style, so the attention is on the arguments, not on the person.
Participants may forget to be nervous as they have so much else to think about.
And repetition of experience helps them build confidence and learn to cope with their inevitable nervousness in such a way as to prevent it from interfering with their objectives.
#23 주제.
Many parents who have experienced personal hardship desire a better life for their children.
To want to spare children from having to go through unpleasant experiences is a noble aim, and it naturally stems from love and concern for the child.
⚠️ [접속사]What these parents don’t realize, ⚠️ [연결사]however , is ⚠️ [접속사]that ⚠️ [접속사]while in the short term they may be making the lives of their children more pleasant, in the long term they may be preventing their children from acquiring selfconfidence, mental strength, and important interpersonal skills.
Samuel Smiles, a nineteenthcentury English author, wrote, “It is doubtful whether any heavier curse could be forced on man than the complete gratification of all his wishes without effort on his part, leaving nothing for his hopes, desires, or struggles.”
For healthy development, the child needs to deal with some failure, struggle through some difficult periods, and experience some painful emotions.
#24 제목.
In 1947, when the Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered, archaeologists set a finder’s fee for each new document.
Instead of lots of extra scrolls being found, they were simply torn apart to increase the reward.
Similarly, in China in the nineteenth century, an incentive was offered for finding dinosaur bones.
Farmers located a few on their land, broke them into pieces, and made a lot of money.
Modern incentives are no better: Company boards promise bonuses for achieved targets.
And ⚠️ [접속사]what happens?
Managers invest more energy in trying to lower the targets than in growing the business.
People respond to incentives by doing ⚠️ [접속사]what is in their best interests.
⚠️ [접속사]What is noteworthy is, first, ⚠️ [접속사]how quickly and radically people’s behavior changes when incentives come into play, and second, the fact ⚠️ [접속사]that people respond to the incentives themselves, and not the higher intentions behind them.
26 내용.
일치 Ole Bull was born in Bergen, Norway, in 1810.
He was a violinist and composer known for his unique performance method.
His father wished for him to become a minister of the church, but he desired a musical career.
At the age of five, he could play all of the songs he had heard his mother play on the violin.
At age nine, he played first violin in the orchestra of Bergen’s theater.
His debut as a soloist came in 1819, and by 1828 he was made conductor of the Musical Lyceum.
He is believed to have composed more than 70 works, but only about 10 remain today.
In 1850, caught up in a rising tide of Norwegian romantic nationalism, Bull cofounded the first theater in ⚠️ [접속사]which actors performed in Norwegian rather than Danish.
Bull died from cancer in his home in 1880.
He had held his last concert in Chicago the same year, despite his illness.
#29 어법.
English speakers have one of the simplest systems for describing familial relationships.
Many African language speakers would consider it absurd to use a single word like “cousin” to describe both male and female relatives, or not to distinguish whether the person described is related by blood to the speaker’s father or to his mother.
To be unable to distinguish a brotherinlaw as the brother of one’s wife or the husband of one’s sister would seem confusing within the structure of personal relationships existing in many cultures.
Similarly, ⚠️ [접속사]how is it possible to make sense of a situation inwhicha single word “uncle” applies to the brother of one’s father and to the brother of one’s mother?
The Hawaiian language uses the same term to refer to one’s father and to the father’s brother.
People of Northern Burma, who think in the Jinghpaw language, have eighteen basic terms for describing their kin.
Not one of them can be directly translated into English.
#30 문맥.
Dworkin suggests a classic argument for a certain kind of equality of opportunity.
From Dworkin’s view, justice requires ⚠️ [접속사]that a person’s fate be determined by things ⚠️ [접속사]that are within ⚠️ [접속사]that person’s control, not by luck.
If differences in wellbeing are determined by circumstances lying outside of an individual’s control, they are unjust.
According to this argument, inequality of wellbeing ⚠️ [접속사]that is driven by differences in individual choices or tastes is acceptable.
But we should seek to eliminate inequality of wellbeing ⚠️ [접속사]that is driven by factors ⚠️ [접속사]that are not an individual’s responsibility and ⚠️ [접속사]which prevent an individual from achieving ⚠️ [접속사]what he or she values.
We do so by ensuringequality of opportunity or equality of access to fundamental resources.
#31 빈칸.
We are the CEOs of our own lives.
We work hard to urge ourselves to get up and go to work and do ⚠️ [접속사]what we must do day after day.
We also try to encourage the people working for and with us, those who are doing business with us, and even those who regulate us.
We do this in our personal lives, too: From a very young age, kids try to persuade their parents to do things for them (“Dad, I’m too scared to do this!”) with varying degrees of success.
As adults, we try to encourage our significant others to do things for us (“Sweetie, I had such a stressful day today, can you please put the kids to bed and do the dishes?”).
We attempt to get our kids to clean up their rooms.
We try to induce our neighbors to help out with a neighborhood party.
⚠️ [접속사]Whatever our official job descriptions, we are all parttime motivators.
#32 빈칸.
In many regions of Central America, native people can but do not grow green vegetables packed with vital nutrients such as vitamin A.
Generally speaking, the people do not have a tradition of raising these crops.
They often have limited education in general and almost no exposure to health and nutrition advice, and they grow ⚠️ [접속사]what feeds the most people.
They often have plenty of tortillas and beans, so they have sufficient protein, and they eat ⚠️ [접속사]until full.
Yet the lack of micronutrients leads to their children developing blindness, iron deficiency, and other growth disorders.
In these situations, families have to be educated about nutrition, encouraged to diversify their diets, plant more green vegetables, and sometimes receive nutritional assistance to correct imbalances.
33 빈칸.
One of the most curious paintings of the Renaissance is a careful depiction of a weedy patch of ground by Albrecht Dürer.
Dürer extracts design and harmony from an apparently random collection of weeds and grasses ⚠️ [접속사]that we would normally not think twice to look at.
By taking such an ordinary thing, he is able to convey his artistry in a pure form.
In a similar way, scientists often choose to study humble subjects when trying to understand the essence of a problem.
Studying relatively simple systems avoids unnecessary complications, and can allow deeper insights to be obtained.
This is particularly true when we are trying to understand something as problematic as our ability to learn.
Human reactions are so complex ⚠️ [접속사]that they can be difficult to interpret objectively.
It sometimes helps to step back and consider ⚠️ [접속사]how more modest creatures, like bacteria or weeds, deal with the challenges they face.
34 빈칸.
This true story is about a governmentowned shoe factory in Poland in the days when the country had a much more socialist economy.
Every month, the Polish government gave the factory materials, and the manager was told to produce a fixed number of shoes.
Because there was no profit motive involved, the manager’s basic goal was to meet the quota in the easiest possible way―by producing only small shoes.
This production strategy created a problem for people who had big feet, and so the government revised the system.
Now the factory received the same amount of materials, but instead of producing a fixed number of shoes, the factory was expected to produce a fixed number of tons of shoes.
In other words, the factory’s output would now be weighed rather than counted.
And again, the factory’s manager responded in the most efficient way, by producing nothing but huge shoes.
In either situation, the government’s strategy did not provide any motivation to produce shoes in various sizes ⚠️ [접속사]that met people’s needs.
35 무관한.
The use of drones in science ⚠️ [have be increas]has been increasing .
Drones may be useful to collect all kinds of research data.
⚠️ [연결사]For instance , in meteorology drones can collect data on humidity, pressure, temperature, wind force, radiation, etc.
In case of nearing tornados or hurricanes, people can seek safety with the help of the data gathered by drones.
Drones can gather relevant data in places ⚠️ [접속사]that were previously difficult or costly to reach―data ⚠️ [접속사]that may provide new scientific knowledge about the atmosphere and the climate.
Such knowledge may improve existing climate models and provide more accurate predictions.
36 순서.
Crossing the street in Los Angeles is a tricky business, but luckily, at the press of a button, we can stop traffic.
Or can we?
The button’s real purpose is to make us believe we have an influence on the traffic lights, and thus we’re better able to endure the wait for the signal to change with more patience.
The same goes for “dooropen” and “doorclose” buttons in elevators: Many are not even connected to the electrical panel.
Such tricks are also designed in offices: For some people it will always be too hot, for others, too cold.
Clever technicians create the illusion of control by installing fake temperature dials.
This reduces energy bills―and complaints.
Such tricks are called “placebo buttons” and they ⚠️ [be be push]are being pushed in all sorts of contexts.
37 순서.
Both taxi and bus drivers use a part of their brain called the hippocampus to navigate routes ⚠️ [접속사]that can sometimes be very complicated.
Who would you guess has the larger hippocampus: the taxi driver or bus driver?
The answer is the taxi driver.
This is because taxi drivers need to take new routes quite often.
To do this, they use their hippocampus intensively to memorize all kinds of routes and figure out the quickest way to reach their destinations.
⚠️ [연결사]In contrast , most bus drivers follow the same route every day and therefore do not stimulate their hippocampus as much.
Over time, the taxi driver’s role triggers a growth of neurons and synapses in the hippocampus, resulting in its increased size.
Brain changes like this are the basis for seeing improvement in mental performance.
So if you put away your satellite navigation system and regularly use your memory instead, you may end up with a larger hippocampus and perhaps a better memory, too.
38 삽입.
Emotion plays an essential role in all our pursuits―including our pursuit of happiness.
It is nearly impossible for us to imagine a life without emotion.
Think of an emotionless robot ⚠️ [접속사]that , other than the capacity for emotions, has exactly the same physical and cognitive characteristics as humans.
The robot thinks and behaves in the same way ⚠️ [접속사]that humans do.
It can discuss deep philosophical issues and follow complex logic; it can dig tunnels and build skyscrapers.
Yet, ⚠️ [접속사]although the robot is sophisticated, it lacks all motivation to act.
This is because even the most basic desires are dependent on emotions―the one thing this robot lacks.
#39 삽입.
Favorite websites sometimes greet users like old friends.
Online bookstores welcome their customers by name and suggest new books they might like to read.
Real estate sites tell their visitors about new properties ⚠️ [접속사]that have come on the market.
These tricks are made possible by cookies, small files ⚠️ [접속사]that an Internet server stores inside individuals’ web browsers so it can remember them.
Therefore, cookies can greatly benefit individuals.
⚠️ [연결사]For example , cookies save users the chore of having to enter names and addresses into ecommerce websites every time they make a purchase.
⚠️ [연결사]However , concerns ⚠️ [have be rais]have been raised ⚠️ [접속사]that cookies, ⚠️ [접속사]which can track ⚠️ [접속사]what people do online, may be violating privacy by helping companies or government agencies accumulate personal information.
Security is another concern: Cookies make shared computers far less secure and offer hackers many ways to break into systems.
#40 요약문.
We often assume we see our physical surroundings as they actually are.
But new research suggests ⚠️ [접속사]that ⚠️ [접속사]how we see the world depends on ⚠️ [접속사]what we want from it.
When a group of psychologists asked people to estimate ⚠️ [접속사]how far away a bottle of water was, those who were thirsty guessed it was closer than nonthirsty people did.
This difference in perception showed up in a physical challenge, too.
When people were told to toss a beanbag at a $25 gift card, and ⚠️ [접속사]that the closest would win it, people threw their beanbags nine inches short on average.
But when the gift card’s value was $0, people threw their beanbags past the card by an inch.
As the brain evolved, people who saw distances to goals as shorter might have gone after ⚠️ [접속사]what they wanted more often.
This error in perception was actually an advantage, leading people to get ⚠️ [접속사]what they needed.
This is ⌘ SentenceOrder. 🤖
21 요지.
The effects of climate change will not be equally distributed across the globe, and there are likely to be winners and losers as the planet warms.
( ) This effect will be made worse for these regions if developed countries are able to make up for the fall in agricultural output with new sources, potentially from their own domestic economies as their land becomes more suitable for growing crops.
( ) Not only do many developing countries have naturally warmer climates than those in the developed world, they also rely more heavily on climate sensitive sectors such as agriculture, forestry, and tourism.
( ) Regarding climate effects in general, developing countries are likely to experience more negative effects of global warming.
( ) As temperatures rise further, regions such as Africa will face declining crop yields and will struggle to produce sufficient food for domestic consumption, while their major exports will likely fall in volume.
22 요지.
Nervousness about public speaking is one of the most common fears among people.
( ) Because debate both requires and allows for a lot of preparation, individuals develop confidence in their materials and passion for the ideas they support.
( ) It can serve as a real and significant barrier to effective communication and ultimately to academic and professional success.
( ) Debate provides a focus on the content over style, so the attention is on the arguments, not on the person.
( ) And repetition of experience helps them build confidence and learn to cope with their inevitable nervousness in such a way as to prevent it from interfering with their objectives.
( ) Debate is an ideal setting to develop coping strategies that allow people to manage their speech anxiety.
( ) Participants may forget to be nervous as they have so much else to think about.
23 주제.
Many parents who have experienced personal hardship desire a better life for their children.
( ) Samuel Smiles, a nineteenth\xadcentury English author, wrote, “It is doubtful whether any heavier curse could be forced on man than the complete gratification of all his wishes without effort on his part, leaving nothing for his hopes, desires, or struggles.”
( ) For healthy development, the child needs to deal with some failure, struggle through some difficult periods, and experience some painful emotions.
( ) What these parents don’t realize, however, is that while in the short term they may be making the lives of their children more pleasant, in the long term they may be preventing their children from acquiring self\xadconfidence, mental strength, and important interpersonal skills.
( ) To want to spare children from having to go through unpleasant experiences is a noble aim, and it naturally stems from love and concern for the child.
24 제목.
In 1947, when the Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered, archaeologists set a finder’s fee for each new document.
( ) 일치 Ole Bull was born in Bergen, Norway, in 1810.
( ) Similarly, in China in the nineteenth century, an incentive was offered for finding dinosaur bones.
( ) At age nine, he played first violin in the orchestra of Bergen’s theater.
( ) In 1850, caught up in a rising tide of Norwegian romantic nationalism, Bull co\xadfounded the first theater in which actors performed in Norwegian rather than Danish.
( ) Managers invest more energy in trying to lower the targets than in growing the business.
( ) 26 내용.
( ) Farmers located a few on their land, broke them into pieces, and made a lot of money.
( ) Instead of lots of extra scrolls being found, they were simply torn apart to increase the reward.
( ) Modern incentives are no better: Company boards promise bonuses for achieved targets.
( ) People respond to incentives by doing what is in their best interests.
( ) He is believed to have composed more than 70 works, but only about 10 remain today.
( ) Bull died from cancer in his home in 1880.
( ) And what happens?
( ) At the age of five, he could play all of the songs he had heard his mother play on the violin.
( ) He had held his last concert in Chicago the same year, despite his illness.
( ) His debut as a soloist came in 1819, and by 1828 he was made conductor of the Musical Lyceum.
( ) He was a violinist and composer known for his unique performance method.
( ) His father wished for him to become a minister of the church, but he desired a musical career.
( ) What is noteworthy is, first, how quickly and radically people’s behavior changes when incentives come into play, and second, the fact that people respond to the incentives themselves, and not the higher intentions behind them.
29 어법.
English speakers have one of the simplest systems for describing familial relationships.
( ) Similarly, how is it possible to make sense of a situation inwhicha single word “uncle” applies to the brother of one’s father and to the brother of one’s mother?
( ) People of Northern Burma, who think in the Jinghpaw language, have eighteen basic terms for describing their kin.
( ) To be unable to distinguish a brother\xadin\xadlaw as the brother of one’s wife or the husband of one’s sister would seem confusing within the structure of personal relationships existing in many cultures.
( ) The Hawaiian language uses the same term to refer to one’s father and to the father’s brother.
( ) Many African language speakers would consider it absurd to use a single word like “cousin” to describe both male and female relatives, or not to distinguish whether the person described is related by blood to the speaker’s father or to his mother.
( ) Not one of them can be directly translated into English.
30 문맥.
Dworkin suggests a classic argument for a certain kind of equality of opportunity.
( ) According to this argument, inequality of well\xadbeing that is driven by differences in individual choices or tastes is acceptable.
( ) From Dworkin’s view, justice requires that a person’s fate be determined by things that are within that person’s control, not by luck.
( ) We do so by ensuringequality of opportunity or equality of access to fundamental resources.
( ) If differences in well\xadbeing are determined by circumstances lying outside of an individual’s control, they are unjust.
( ) But we should seek to eliminate inequality of well\xadbeing that is driven by factors that are not an individual’s responsibility and which prevent an individual from achieving what he or she values.
31 빈칸.
We are the CEOs of our own lives.
( ) We also try to encourage the people working for and with us, those who are doing business with us, and even those who regulate us.
( ) We try to induce our neighbors to help out with a neighborhood party.
( ) We do this in our personal lives, too: From a very young age, kids try to persuade their parents to do things for them (“Dad, I’m too scared to do this!”) with varying degrees of success.
( ) As adults, we try to encourage our significant others to do things for us (“Sweetie, I had such a stressful day today, can you please put the kids to bed and do the dishes?”).
( ) We attempt to get our kids to clean up their rooms.
( ) Whatever our official job descriptions, we are all part\xadtime motivators.
( ) We work hard to urge ourselves to get up and go to work and do what we must do day after day.
32 빈칸.
In many regions of Central America, native people can but do not grow green vegetables packed with vital nutrients such as vitamin A.
( ) 38 삽입.
( ) 37 순서.
( ) Now the factory received the same amount of materials, but instead of producing a fixed number of shoes, the factory was expected to produce a fixed number of tons of shoes.
( ) In either situation, the government’s strategy did not provide any motivation to produce shoes in various sizes that met people’s needs.
( ) This is because even the most basic desires are dependent on emotions―the one thing this robot lacks.
( ) Yet the lack of micronutrients leads to their children developing blindness, iron deficiency, and other growth disorders.
( ) Studying relatively simple systems avoids unnecessary complications, and can allow deeper insights to be obtained.
( ) It is nearly impossible for us to imagine a life without emotion.
( ) Drones can gather relevant data in places that were previously difficult or costly to reach―data that may provide new scientific knowledge about the atmosphere and the climate.
( ) In other words, the factory’s output would now be weighed rather than counted.
( ) Such tricks are also designed in offices: For some people it will always be too hot, for others, too cold.
( ) Human reactions are so complex that they can be difficult to interpret objectively.
( ) Think of an emotionless robot that, other than the capacity for emotions, has exactly the same physical and cognitive characteristics as humans.
( ) In a similar way, scientists often choose to study humble subjects when trying to understand the essence of a problem.
( ) Clever technicians create the illusion of control by installing fake temperature dials.
( ) In these situations, families have to be educated about nutrition, encouraged to diversify their diets, plant more green vegetables, and sometimes receive nutritional assistance to correct imbalances.
( ) It sometimes helps to step back and consider how more modest creatures, like bacteria or weeds, deal with the challenges they face.
( ) The answer is the taxi driver.
( ) In case of nearing tornados or hurricanes, people can seek safety with the help of the data gathered by drones.
( ) Or can we?
( ) It can discuss deep philosophical issues and follow complex logic; it can dig tunnels and build skyscrapers.
( ) This is particularly true when we are trying to understand something as problematic as our ability to learn.
( ) The use of drones in science has been increasing.
( ) Because there was no profit motive involved, the manager’s basic goal was to meet the quota in the easiest possible way―by producing only small shoes.
( ) They often have limited education in general and almost no exposure to health and nutrition advice, and they grow what feeds the most people.
( ) Over time, the taxi driver’s role triggers a growth of neurons and synapses in the hippocampus, resulting in its increased size.
( ) 35 무관한.
( ) For instance, in meteorology drones can collect data on humidity, pressure, temperature, wind force, radiation, etc.
( ) The same goes for “door\xadopen” and “door\xadclose” buttons in elevators: Many are not even connected to the electrical panel.
( ) One of the most curious paintings of the Renaissance is a careful depiction of a weedy patch of ground by Albrecht Dürer.
( ) Generally speaking, the people do not have a tradition of raising these crops.
( ) Such knowledge may improve existing climate models and provide more accurate predictions.
( ) Every month, the Polish government gave the factory materials, and the manager was told to produce a fixed number of shoes.
( ) Such tricks are called “placebo buttons” and they are being pushed in all sorts of contexts.
( ) Who would you guess has the larger hippocampus: the taxi driver or bus driver?
( ) 33 빈칸.
( ) Yet, although the robot is sophisticated, it lacks all motivation to act.
( ) This production strategy created a problem for people who had big feet, and so the government revised the system.
( ) Both taxi and bus drivers use a part of their brain called the hippocampus to navigate routes that can sometimes be very complicated.
( ) In contrast, most bus drivers follow the same route every day and therefore do not stimulate their hippocampus as much.
( ) The robot thinks and behaves in the same way that humans do.
( ) Dürer extracts design and harmony from an apparently random collection of weeds and grasses that we would normally not think twice to look at.
( ) This reduces energy bills―and complaints.
( ) 36 순서.
( ) Drones may be useful to collect all kinds of research data.
( ) 34 빈칸.
( ) This true story is about a government\xadowned shoe factory in Poland in the days when the country had a much more socialist economy.
( ) Emotion plays an essential role in all our pursuits―including our pursuit of happiness.
( ) They often have plenty of tortillas and beans, so they have sufficient protein, and they eat until full.
( ) So if you put away your satellite navigation system and regularly use your memory instead, you may end up with a larger hippocampus and perhaps a better memory, too.
( ) Brain changes like this are the basis for seeing improvement in mental performance.
( ) And again, the factory’s manager responded in the most efficient way, by producing nothing but huge shoes.
( ) To do this, they use their hippocampus intensively to memorize all kinds of routes and figure out the quickest way to reach their destinations.
( ) The button’s real purpose is to make us believe we have an influence on the traffic lights, and thus we’re better able to endure the wait for the signal to change with more patience.
( ) By taking such an ordinary thing, he is able to convey his artistry in a pure form.
( ) Crossing the street in Los Angeles is a tricky business, but luckily, at the press of a button, we can stop traffic.
( ) This is because taxi drivers need to take new routes quite often.
39 삽입.
Favorite websites sometimes greet users like old friends.
( ) Online bookstores welcome their customers by name and suggest new books they might like to read.
( ) Real estate sites tell their visitors about new properties that have come on the market.
( ) However, concerns have been raised that cookies, which can track what people do online, may be violating privacy by helping companies or government agencies accumulate personal information.
( ) These tricks are made possible by cookies, small files that an Internet server stores inside individuals’ web browsers so it can remember them.
( ) Therefore, cookies can greatly benefit individuals.
( ) For example, cookies save users the chore of having to enter names and addresses into e\xadcommerce websites every time they make a purchase.
( ) Security is another concern: Cookies make shared computers far less secure and offer hackers many ways to break into systems.
40 요약문.
We often assume we see our physical surroundings as they actually are.
( ) But when the gift card’s value was $0, people threw their beanbags past the card by an inch.
( ) This error in perception was actually an advantage, leading people to get what they needed.
( ) This difference in perception showed up in a physical challenge, too.
( ) But new research suggests that how we see the world depends on what we want from it.
( ) When a group of psychologists asked people to estimate how far away a bottle of water was, those who were thirsty guessed it was closer than nonthirsty people did.
( ) As the brain evolved, people who saw distances to goals as shorter might have gone after what they wanted more often.
( ) When people were told to toss a beanbag at a $25 gift card, and that the closest would win it, people threw their beanbags nine inches short on average.
This is ⌘VOCAB_Eng-Kor Quiz. 😻
What does 'absurd' mean?
① 기르다 ② 카테고리 ③ 회사 ④ 건설적인 ⑤ 어리석은
What does 'access' mean?
① 접근 ② 우세한 ③ 과식하다 ④ 여유있는 ⑤ 혼돈
What does 'accumulate' mean?
① 거대하게 ② 탈 4 륜 ③ 돈 ④ 멜로디 ⑤ 채집
What does 'accurate' mean?
① 막다 ② 정확한 ③ 소유하다 ④ 공동체 ⑤ 뉴런
What does 'adopt' mean?
① 위협 ② 입양하다 ③ 편리함 ④ 저작권 ⑤ 만연하다
What does 'agricultural' mean?
① 겪다 ② 모험 ③ 농업의 ④ 생략하다 ⑤ 순회주위
What does 'agriculture' mean?
① 보험에 ② 정당화하다 ③ 원정 ④ 농업 ⑤ 부과하다
What does 'aim' mean?
① 목표 ② 상태 ③ 10년 ④ 확실성 ⑤ 기념품
What does 'amount' mean?
① 제거하는 ② 카탈로그를 ③ 임신한 ④ 쉴곳 ⑤ 양
What does 'argument' mean?
① 논쟁 ② 능력 ③ 해결하다 ④ 기술자 ⑤ 감사
What does 'artistry' mean?
① 멸종한 ② 예술성 ③ 군중 ④ 상대 ⑤ 차지하지않다
What does 'assume' mean?
① 거주하다 ② 가정하다 ③ 현실주의 ④ 건설하다 ⑤ 생존
What does 'atmosphere' mean?
① 속이는 ② 정교한 ③ 공기 ④ 타고난 ⑤ 적극적으로
What does 'attempt' mean?
① 발견 ② 시도 ③ 위쪽 ④ 보험에 ⑤ 기준
What does 'barrier' mean?
① 장벽 ② 고통 ③ 묵살하다 ④ 친근한 ⑤ 관련있는
What does 'behavior' mean?
① 초대 ② 영감 ③ 행동 ④ 있을 ⑤ 문명화
What does 'blindness' mean?
① 동의 ② 맹인됨 ③ 여보 ④ 매우 ⑤ 자비로운
What does 'capacity' mean?
① 매료된 ② 용량 ③ 의도적인 ④ 기술 ⑤ 시험을
What does 'chore' mean?
① 잡일 ② 협력하다 ③ 동료 ④ 현실주의 ⑤ 크게
What does 'cognitive' mean?
① 긴장한 ② 사회의 ③ 공포 ④ 인지의 ⑤ 중앙의
What does 'concern' mean?
① 걱정 ② 효율적으로 ③ 방식 ④ 프로젝트 ⑤ 편리함
What does 'confidence' mean?
① 자신감 ② 더러움 ③ 관점 ④ 유리한 ⑤ 지배하다
What does 'consumption' mean?
① 소비 ② 믿을 ③ 예술성 ④ 통일하다 ⑤ 정치학
What does 'content' mean?
① 합리적으로하다 ② 을 ③ 증명서 ④ 번역가 ⑤ 내용
What does 'control' mean?
① 돌리다 ② 가능한 ③ 예측할 수 없는 ④ 통제 ⑤ 재활용하다
What does 'convey' mean?
① 확신하고 ② 합병 ③ 전하다 ④ 치료 ⑤ 단서
What does 'cooperation' mean?
① 제안하다 ② 협력 ③ 쓰고 버릴수 있는 ④ 신호 ⑤ 성격
What does 'cope' mean?
① 다루다 ② 우주 ③ 맞추다 ④ 비판 하다 ⑤ 물리학자
What does 'curse' mean?
① 저주하다 ② 부서지기 쉬움 ③ 보충물 ④ 전문화 ⑤ 공언하다
What does 'deficiency' mean?
① 노출시키다 ② 신체적으로 ③ 결점 ④ 말기의 ⑤ 돌진하는
What does 'dependent' mean?
① 바꾸다 ② 용서하다 ③ 괴상한 ④ 의존하는 ⑤ 부분적으로
What does 'depiction' mean?
① 공장 ② 분석가 ③ 묘사 ④ 대륙 ⑤ 안내/지도
What does 'distinguish' mean?
① 뉴런 ② 탐험 ③ 안정된 ④ 통치자 ⑤ 구별하다
What does 'diversify' mean?
① 통제하다 ② 시각적으로 ③ 길/수단 ④ 준비하다 ⑤ 다각화하다
What does 'domestic' mean?
① 비어있는 ② 기념일 ③ 충동 ④ 가정의/국내의 ⑤ 비슷한
What does 'effective' mean?
① 발음하다 ② 쓴 ③ 효과적인 ④ 타고난 ⑤ 자외선
What does 'efficient' mean?
① 형벌 ② 제조업자 ③ 잡았다 ④ 능률적인 ⑤ 모방
What does 'electrical' mean?
① 대체하다 ② 초조 ③ 전기의 ④ 계약금 ⑤ 적당한
What does 'equality' mean?
① 효과적으로 ② 부서지기 쉬움 ③ 소유물 ④ 평등 ⑤ 헌팅
What does 'equally' mean?
① 똑같이 ② 유전 ③ 죽다 ④ 발명하다 ⑤ 큰
What does 'essence' mean?
① 혁명 ② 경작하다 ③ 따라잡다 ④ 본질 ⑤ 지배하다
What does 'essential' mean?
① 투명한 ② 확신하고 ③ 활력 ④ 상승하다 ⑤ 필수적인
What does 'estate' mean?
① 보충물 ② 근원 ③ 정리하다 ④ 강렬함 ⑤ 재산
What does 'estimate' mean?
① 자발적인 ② 추정 ③ 통과 ④ 밀 ⑤ 기구
What does 'exposure' mean?
① 해협 ② 처럼 ③ 성장 ④ 노출 ⑤ 방해하다
What does 'failure' mean?
① 감옥 ② 계속해서 ③ 떨어져 ④ 실패 ⑤ 섭취
What does 'fate' mean?
① 운명 ② 지저분한 ③ 엄청난 ④ 열렬한 ⑤ 풍부함
What does 'figure' mean?
① 어리석은 ② 기질 ③ 할 ④ 결석한 ⑤ 인물/수치
What does 'fundamental' mean?
① 정착하다 ② 근본적인 ③ 고통 ④ 이혼 ⑤ 일시
What does 'hardship' mean?
① 근원 ② 무시하다 ③ 역경 ④ 사소한 ⑤ 우아한
What does 'hippocampus' mean?
① 돈 ② 묘사하다 ③ 선택 ④ 함께하기 어려운 ⑤ 해마
What does 'ideal' mean?
① 이상적인 ② 무한한 ③ 기념품 ④ 습한 ⑤ 창조물
What does 'illusion' mean?
① 구 ② 완전한 ③ 환상 ④ 파편 ⑤ 만화
What does 'improvement' mean?
① 회전하다 ② 비활성화 ③ 개선 ④ 자유 ⑤ 놀라운
What does 'incentive' mean?
① 관리 ② 인기 ③ 과정 ④ 발굴하다 ⑤ 동기/보너스
What does 'induce' mean?
① 향기 ② 소유물 ③ 폭발 ④ 설득하여 ⑤ 이상한
What does 'inevitable' mean?
① 중립의 ② 군단단체 ③ 피할 ④ 강화 ⑤ 길/수단
What does 'intensively' mean?
① 축하하다 ② 재정 ③ 집중적으로 ④ 복제하다 ⑤ 거부
What does 'interpersonal' mean?
① 진심에서 ② 무시하다 ③ 참가자 ④ 맹그로브 ⑤ 대인관계의
What does 'interpret' mean?
① 접근 ② 수학적인 ③ 유산 ④ 통역하다 ⑤ 빼다
What does 'invest' mean?
① 의무 ② 순간때 ③ 우화 ④ 길/수단 ⑤ 투자하다
What does 'logic' mean?
① 정책 ② 객관성 ③ 죽을 ④ 논리 ⑤ 방해하다
What does 'lying' mean?
① 맹그로브 ② 직원 ③ 도구들 ④ 거짓말하는 ⑤ 위험한
What does 'mental' mean?
① 높이다 ② 정신의 ③ 출현 ④ 석방 ⑤ 공격발병
What does 'modest' mean?
① 본질 ② 제외하다 ③ 초대 ④ 통찰력 ⑤ 겸손한
What does 'motivation' mean?
① 알아차리다 ② 관계를 짓다 ③ 알아채다 ④ 회복 ⑤ 동기
What does 'motive' mean?
① 무시하다 ② 괴상한 ③ 활력/생명력 ④ 접근 ⑤ 동기
What does 'navigation' mean?
① 짝짓다 ② 항해 ③ 변경하다 ④ 뒤쪽의 ⑤ 계약 다
What does 'noble' mean?
① 의도적으로 ② 속이는 ③ 해협 ④ 짧은 ⑤ 고상한
What does 'nutrition' mean?
① 자선 ② 열대 ③ 영양분 ④ 비교적인 ⑤ 최소한
What does 'objectively' mean?
① 잡일 ② 반대로 작용하다 ③ 생명의/중요한 ④ 객관적으로 ⑤ 읽고
What does 'official' mean?
① 이론적으로 ② 망치다 ③ 처리하다 ④ 공식적인 ⑤ 10년
What does 'ordinary' mean?
① 편안하다 ② 넘다 ③ 보통의 ④ 가치 ⑤ 붙잡다
What does 'painful' mean?
① 정책 ② 빈정대는 ③ 변경하다 ④ 괴로운 ⑤ 제안
What does 'passion' mean?
① 액체 ② 잃다 ③ 원형의 ④ 열정 ⑤ 여가
What does 'perception' mean?
① 인식 ② 미묘하게 ③ 하기쉬운 ④ 운송/수송 ⑤ 수집
What does 'persuade' mean?
① 의식적으로 ② 희극 ③ 풍부한 ④ 설득하다 ⑤ 중재하다
What does 'philosophical' mean?
① 철학적인 ② 의무를 갖게하다 ③ 위쪽으로 ④ 부드러운 ⑤ 매우
What does 'pleasant' mean?
① 진짜의 ② 움직일수있는 ③ 즐거운 ④ 비서 ⑤ 논쟁
What does 'plenty' mean?
① 성장 ② 풍부함 ③ 다르다 ④ 통합 ⑤ 경제학자
What does 'preparation' mean?
① 차지하지않다 ② 탈 4 륜 ③ 사건 ④ 준비 ⑤ 배신자
What does 'pressure' mean?
① 노력 ② 근면한 ③ 압력 ④ 자극 ⑤ 설득하여
What does 'privacy' mean?
① 발생하다 ② 제거하다 ③ 사생활 ④ 해당하는 ⑤ 초대
What does 'production' mean?
① 특권 ② 수집하다 ③ 생산 ④ 기자들 ⑤ 방향
What does 'profit' mean?
① 전문적인 ② 이익 ③ 말의 ④ 생물학적 ⑤ 신화/잘못된 생각
What does 'pursue' mean?
① 황혼 ② 식민지 ③ 추구하다 ④ 충분한 ⑤ 탔다
What does 'pursuit' mean?
① 비용 ② 풀다 ③ 추구 ④ 함께할만한 ⑤ 전설
What does 'radiation' mean?
① 환경 ② 을 하고 ③ 선언하다 ④ 평평한 ⑤ 방사능
What does 'radically' mean?
① 그 ② 사진 ③ 회전하다 ④ 근본적으로 ⑤ 전기의
What does 'random' mean?
① 확대하다하다 ② 배치하다 ③ 부상 ④ 긍정적인 ⑤ 무작위의
What does 'regularly' mean?
① 주요한 ② 집중 ③ 비판적인 ④ 규칙적으로 ⑤ 몹시 바라다
What does 'regulate' mean?
① 시도 ② 차지하다 ③ 소유하다 ④ 항생 ⑤ 규제하다
What does 'relevant' mean?
① 난파된 ② 관계가 있는 ③ 동등한 ④ 불일치 ⑤ 전문가
What does 'responsibility' mean?
① 감사 ② 제한하다 ③ 시도 ④ 그래프 ⑤ 책임
What does 'reward' mean?
① 차별하다 ② 기초하는 ③ 입증하다 ④ 세게 ⑤ 보상
What does 'scared' mean?
① 임명하다 ② 겁먹은 ③ 산업의 ④ 이전의 ⑤ 최종적인
What does 'secure' mean?
① 안전한 ② 감사 ③ 되는 ④ 보존 ⑤ 빈도수
What does 'sensitive' mean?
① 통찰력 ② 생물학 ③ 피하다 ④ 민감한 ⑤ 사라지다
What does 'signal' mean?
① 떨 다 ② 실행하다 ③ 겁나게 ④ 신호 ⑤ 정적인
What does 'simplify' mean?
① 간과하다 ② 메모기록 ③ 소설 ④ 새로움 ⑤ 단순화하다
What does 'spare' mean?
① 용서하다 ② 제출하다 ③ 계좌 ④ 무아의 ⑤ 경의를
What does 'strategy' mean?
① 전략 ② 시각적으로 ③ 호의적으로 ④ 기계 ⑤ 고립시키다
What does 'structure' mean?
① 정신 ② 근면 ③ 돌리다 ④ 보내다전하다 ⑤ 구조
What does 'struggle' mean?
① 분투하다 ② 배달하다 ③ 흥분시키다자극하다 ④ 꼼짝 ⑤ 등록하다
What does 'sufficient' mean?
① 맡기다 ② 제외한 ③ 기원 ④ 충분한 ⑤ 갑자기
What does 'suitable' mean?
① 감정의 ② 적절한 ③ 유전학의 ④ 역사적으로 ⑤ 자산
What does 'temperature' mean?
① 상태 ② 온도/체온 ③ 비만 ④ 정신의 ⑤ 보내다전하다
What does 'track' mean?
① 독창적인 ② 구독료 ③ 끊임없는 ④ 통로 ⑤ 의도적으로
What does 'traditional' mean?
① 닥치다 ② 옹호하다 ③ 생태학 ④ 전통적인 ⑤ 재단사
What does 'transportation' mean?
① 동쪽으로 ② 운송/수송 ③ 유치한 ④ 배심원 ⑤ 효과
What does 'tricky' mean?
① 주인공 ② 세금 ③ 속이는 ④ 드러내다 ⑤ 제외한
What does 'ultimately' mean?
① 주장 ② 가정의/국내의 ③ 상당한 ④ 회전 ⑤ 궁극적으로
What does 'urge' mean?
① 낭송 하다 ② 필연적으로 ③ 충동 ④ 권하다 ⑤ 겪다앓다
What does 'value' mean?
① 무서운 ② 탄원 하다 ③ 규칙적인 ④ 다루다 ⑤ 가치
What does 'vital' mean?
① 국가 ② 이중의 ③ 조합 ④ 생명의/중요한 ⑤ 낙천주의
This is ⌘VOCAB_Eng-Eng Quiz. 😂
What does 'absurd' mean?ridiculous senseless crazy illogical ludicrous unreasonable goofy preposterous
① productive persuasive useful impressive efficient sufficient powerful direct ② fair impartial disinterested evenhanded open-minded dispassionate unbiased equitable ③ inventor god designer producer founder author architect maker ④ calm moderate levelheaded balmy pleasant mild sober agreeable ⑤ ridiculous senseless crazy illogical ludicrous unreasonable goofy preposterous
What does 'access' mean?admission means of entry approach entry connection approach
① article of clothing apparel robe dress costume habiliment ② ignoring negligence disdain inattention apathy disrespect scorn indifference ③ admission means of entry approach entry connection approach ④ make use of employ handle appropriate take advantage ⑤ characteristic trick habit attribute quirk character feature peculiarity
What does 'accumulate' mean?gather or amass something compile acquire swell rack
① explain make clear resolve formulate clear up spell ② person living in a particular place dweller inmate ③ place blame for wrongdoing fault prosecute sue name ④ description of a concept phrase style word name ⑤ gather or amass something compile acquire swell rack
What does 'accurate' mean?precise detailed careful scientific solid exact meticulous definite
① precise detailed careful scientific solid exact meticulous definite ② uncompromising stern serious relentless harsh strict astringent austere ③ law custom habit fixture maxim tenet precept doctrine ④ humankind people company humanity community nation culture civilization ⑤ organization foundation school business institute academy university system
What does 'adopt' mean?choose or take something as one's own use
① scene background framework locale site environment surroundings location ② alone singular exclusive different rare uncommon particular individual ③ choose or take something as one's own use ④ sadden dismay frustrate dissatisfy disillusion dishearten dumbfound disconcert ⑤ education discipline information direction guidance training schooling preparation
What does 'agricultural' mean?concerning farming land rural gardening ranch rustic horticultural
① low spirits despair distress dreariness downheartedness dole mortification ② concerning farming land rural gardening ranch rustic horticultural ③ inventor god designer producer founder author architect maker ④ gain the confidence of satisfy prompt prove get ⑤ prove false invalidate impugn refute contradict belie confound
What does 'agriculture' mean?farming crop production horticulture culture cultivation husbandry agronomy
① group accumulation selection compilation number set assemblage lot ② turn circle whirl rotate wheel orbit twist gyrate ③ influence thrill faze excite touch affect awe sway ④ farming crop production horticulture culture cultivation husbandry agronomy ⑤ extravagant ornamental decorative gaudy lavish sumptuous elegant complicated
What does 'aim' mean?goal desire direction target wish aspiration intention intent
① answer respond acknowledge come back counter retort react ② goal desire direction target wish aspiration intention intent ③ commonness repetitiveness prevalence density number recurrence regularity repetition ④ legitimize substantiate rationalize vindicate uphold defend support advocate ⑤ containing plus with counting along with among other
What does 'amount' mean?quantity load bulk extent supply chunk number volume
① low spirits despair distress dreariness downheartedness dole mortification ② quantity load bulk extent supply chunk number volume ③ portion scope part quota breadth shot weight share ④ place for boat docking traffic and storage harbor ⑤ appreciation obligation thanks recognition acknowledgment responsiveness thanksgiving grace
What does 'argument' mean?al fight squabble clash exchange brawl disagreement controversy
① coming into sight arrival debut presentation display presence ② supply with inhabitants occupy inhabit colonize live settle ③ al fight squabble clash exchange brawl disagreement controversy ④ being mature fully grown developed grown grown-up ripe ⑤ alter change repair tweak vary adjust adapt rework
What does 'artistry' mean?great skill in creative endeavors style finesse ability
① way means of arriving access path way advance ② make a gift of give grant provide contribute ③ blame convict criticize sentence punish dece censure decry ④ fault-finding detracting demanding analytical biting captious carping censorious ⑤ great skill in creative endeavors style finesse ability
What does 'assume' mean?believe take for granted guess consider conclude accept
① drive resolve desire thought motivation whim wish influence ② fake imitation unreal bogus counterfeit ersatz factitious manufactured ③ representative self-governing egalitarian constitutional free orderly popular autonomous ④ gift of high intellect acumen knack prowess ability ⑤ believe take for granted guess consider conclude accept
What does 'assume' mean?believe take for granted guess consider conclude accept
① measurement across object width breadth bore caliber broadness ② proof information confirmation sign deposition indication testimony clue ③ believe take for granted guess consider conclude accept ④ the act of registering enrollment booking recording matriculation ⑤ extent of object distance time period breadth term
What does 'atmosphere' mean?gases around the earth pressure air envelope sky
① pierce get through physically permeate drill seep crack ② fruit and vegetables production goods crop outgrowth yield ③ sell peddle barter dispense distribute trade hawk market ④ induce stimulate invoke recall elicit arouse provoke conjure ⑤ gases around the earth pressure air envelope sky
What does 'attempt' mean?try effort shot bid try attack experiment pursuit
① joining together merger consolidation hookup alliance amalgamation combination ② try effort shot bid try attack experiment pursuit ③ get help oneself to capture earn seize receive ④ right due right exemption license advantage freedom prerogative ⑤ introduction adjustment direction location fix assimilation adaptation acclimatization
What does 'barrier' mean?obstruction fence wall limit roadblock blockade obstacle barricade
① composite mix mixture combination fusion concoction brew synthesis ② difference mixture diversity variation range collection assortment array ③ get rid of shed repeal dump rece dispose ④ obstruction fence wall limit roadblock blockade obstacle barricade ⑤ assurance obligation pledge engagement responsibility need promise guarantee
What does 'behavior' mean?manner of conducting oneself style management nature practice
① medicine wonder drug penicillin amoxicillin tetracycline erythromycin streptomycin ② manner of conducting oneself style management nature practice ③ teacher's assistantship graduate fellowship See more synonyms for ④ commonness repetitiveness prevalence density number recurrence regularity repetition ⑤ communicate knowledge information educate update apprise brief warn
What does 'behavior' mean?manner of conducting oneself style management nature practice
① enchanted delighted hypnotized fascinated pleased spellbound bewitched tempted ② manner of conducting oneself style management nature practice ③ explanation interpretation resolution description illumination exposition elucidation solution ④ associate fellow worker comrade teammate buddy assistant aide ⑤ agent tool utensil gadget appliance instrument contraption apparatus
What does 'blindness' mean?sightlessness defect darkness myopia astigmatism presbyopia cataracts amaurosis
① examine check audit search scan oversee review probe ② declaration assertion comment announcement remark word description proclamation ③ courteous mannerly reverent reverential civil self-effacing humble deferential ④ sightlessness defect darkness myopia astigmatism presbyopia cataracts amaurosis ⑤ on time expeditious dependable accurate careful conscientious constant
What does 'capacity' mean?volume limit of volume held scope space quantity
① component of concoction factor additive piece element fixing ② care for maintain continue perpetuate protect save secure ③ culture sophistication development progress education advancement elevation acculturation ④ creative ingenious new inventive original contemporary avant-garde newfangled ⑤ volume limit of volume held scope space quantity
What does 'chore' mean?task duty assignment workout errand housework burden routine
① fabric cloth goods yarn fiber var synonyms document.getElementsByClassName ② task duty assignment workout errand housework burden routine ③ period in life of something development chapter point ④ awkward uncomfortable impatient suspicious strained restless fearful nervous ⑤ feeling of animate being impression taste sensitivity feel
What does 'concern' mean?business responsibility interest matter thing involvement burden worry
① moving back and forth fluctuation stroke rhythm undulation ② shake vibrate quiver throb wobble shudder shiver flutter ③ person who aids does religious work evangelist pastor ④ business responsibility interest matter thing involvement burden worry ⑤ name label designate style denominate title dub term
What does 'confidence' mean?belief in oneself certainty poise morale courage determination
① belief in oneself certainty poise morale courage determination ② prize or reward trophy gold gift grant presentation ③ ability competency capacity suitability proficiency savvy expertise qualification ④ innermost in thought unconscious hidden inmost inner intuitive ⑤ mourn feel deep distress regret lament cry ache
What does 'consumption' mean?devouring use expenditure utilization loss eating burning decay
① bound for fated in near future doomed coming ② apparent understandable accessible proced discernible evident noticeable overt ③ help advance sponsor build up further advertise speed ④ devouring use expenditure utilization loss eating burning decay ⑤ reason purpose emotion motivation impulse influence idea aim
What does 'content' mean?happy agreeable fulfilled willing contented satisfied comfortable gratified
① emptiness void gap vacuity nothingness exhaustion space rarefaction ② examine in contrast correlate study equal contrast measure ③ stress give priority to reiterate repeat affirm accentuate ④ happy agreeable fulfilled willing contented satisfied comfortable gratified ⑤ article of clothing apparel robe dress costume habiliment
What does 'control' mean?command mastery discipline restriction management force government restraint
① great amount or supply profusion prosperity wealth plethora ② person who has compulsion toward enthusiast devotee practitioner ③ bad horrible atrocious ghastly horrendous disturbing dreadful horrid ④ having exaggerated self-opinion haughty presumptuous imperious pretentious aloof ⑤ command mastery discipline restriction management force government restraint
What does 'convey' mean?transport transmit bring send transfer move back dispatch
① topmost best capital chief crown head maximum most ② transport transmit bring send transfer move back dispatch ③ agreement give-and-take pact accord adjustment deal bargain understanding ④ established practice ethic practice folklore belief myth habit ⑤ bigger dominant large-scale big primary large sizable leading
What does 'cooperation' mean?mutual effort service collaboration partnership unity aid assistance
① life continuation survival reality world presence continuance perseverance ② mutual effort service collaboration partnership unity aid assistance ③ authorization charter go-ahead license permission patent consent grant ④ very bad troublesome ominous hostile objectionable calamitous negative ⑤ switch fluctuation deviation conversion about-face move alteration variation
What does 'cope' mean?manage contend wrestle handle confront get by grapple
① adeptness effectiveness readiness productivity ability energy talent capability ② manage contend wrestle handle confront get by grapple ③ present image of symbolize show perform serve produce ④ entertainment resting or recovering recreation enjoyment leisure mitigation ⑤ responsibility task duty chore appointment practice job drill
What does 'curious' mean?desiring knowledge understanding inquisitive interested analytical impertinent inquiring
① skillful adept experienced able proficient expert ② desiring knowledge understanding inquisitive interested analytical impertinent inquiring ③ information on electronic media ancement publication show transmission ④ annoyance worry predicament stress anxiety pain unrest mess ⑤ law enforcement officer detective police patrolman constable officer
What does 'curse' mean?hateful swearing remark bane obscenity expletive profanity whammy
① question or petition desire offer suit demand application ② adulterate corrupt degrade pollute load shave dilute mingle ③ expensive valuable dear excessive executive exorbitant extortionate extravagant ④ hateful swearing remark bane obscenity expletive profanity whammy ⑤ carry on do prosecute pursue make practice undertake
What does 'deficiency' mean?imperfection inadequacy flaw failing failure weakness lack defect
① ten of something decennary decennium decagon decapod decemvir ② selecting deciding choice election option selection separating picking ③ imperfection inadequacy flaw failing failure weakness lack defect ④ request for help claim bid suit question overture ⑤ imagination dream reverie nightmare delusion fancy illusion vision
What does 'dependent' mean?weak helpless poor defenseless vulnerable reliant subordinate inferior
① give up let go suffer cede waive offer ② discriminate and separate disconnect divide isolate sequester insulate ③ development progress prosperity success advance hike rise advancement ④ severely badly seriously fiercely greatly dangerously carelessly perilously ⑤ weak helpless poor defenseless vulnerable reliant subordinate inferior
What does 'depiction' mean?description rendering picture sketch likeness image illustration representation
① put out a fire snuff out quench stamp ② new believer follower disciple proselyte novitiate novice neophyte ③ resultant subsequent indirect ensuing consistent following intelligent logical ④ photoelectric computerized anodic autoelectronic cathodic photoelectronic thermionic voltaic ⑤ description rendering picture sketch likeness image illustration representation
What does 'distinguish' mean?tell the difference discriminate divide separate recognize characterize
① stop conclude quit halt discontinue terminate refrain desist ② community surroundings part zone district area parish section ③ expressive rhythmic literary work verse paean song rhyme ④ ruler king empress dictator monarch czar sovereign prince ⑤ tell the difference discriminate divide separate recognize characterize
What does 'diversify' mean?spread out branch out transform expand variegate modify
① clasp embrace grasp restraint constraint clamp hold hook ② maintenance protection storage conservancy conservation safety security care ③ alone single unsociable lonely lone singular solo remote ④ spread out branch out transform expand variegate modify ⑤ inclusion report insurance analysis scope indemnity broadcasting description
What does 'domestic' mean?household private pet home calm family devoted homely
① household private pet home calm family devoted homely ② aid assist collaborate help uphold contribute conspire unite ③ commonness repetitiveness prevalence density number recurrence regularity repetition ④ newness originality uniqueness innovation freshness oddity crazy oddball ⑤ innocent naive guileless childish artless credulous immature ingenuous
What does 'effective' mean?productive persuasive useful impressive efficient sufficient powerful direct
① different motley mixed diverse various conglomerate assorted separate ② relation interconnection interdependence correlation alliance relationship similarity tie-in ③ portion allotment fee ratio bonus proportion chunk rate ④ egotism arrogance narcissism self-love swagger complacency vainglory self-importance ⑤ productive persuasive useful impressive efficient sufficient powerful direct
What does 'efficient' mean?adept effective profitable productive useful energetic able capable
① advantage credit benefit resource service aid distinction treasure ② combination of red and yellow cantaloupe bittersweet titian ③ notice see feel recognize regard grasp observe identify ④ adept effective profitable productive useful energetic able capable ⑤ practical sensible functional pragmatic down-to-earth effective efficient hard
What does 'electrical' mean?charged energetic dynamic exciting magnetic rousing stimulating stirring
① extreme force intensity rampage disturbance brutality clash confusion ② artistic imaginative ingenious inventive gifted visionary productive innovative ③ administrative managerial ruling governing controlling managing decision-making directing ④ charged energetic dynamic exciting magnetic rousing stimulating stirring ⑤ believe take for granted guess consider conclude accept
What does 'eliminate' mean?remove throw out wipe out knock out oust
① remove throw out wipe out knock out oust ② part chip particle chunk portion lump remnant shred ③ constant fixed resistant secure solid durable safe steady ④ approachable ready for use available usable reachable handy ⑤ point of view viewpoint attitude direction perspective vision
What does 'encourage' mean?stimulate spiritually restore inspire strengthen boost embolden reassure
① design motif arrangement trim motive diagram figure impression ② subject matter of document idea wording theme passage ③ annoy bother provoke irritate pester needle nag exasperate ④ stimulate spiritually restore inspire strengthen boost embolden reassure ⑤ knowledge apprehension sensibility alertness awareness recognition mindfulness regard
What does 'equality' mean?similarity balance egalitarianism parity civil rights impartiality identity
① pliable bendable soft malleable flexile adjustable bending ductile ② calm moderate levelheaded balmy pleasant mild sober agreeable ③ clever brilliant imaginative inventive sly skillful shrewd creative ④ lie on the surface swim hover glide hang ⑤ similarity balance egalitarianism parity civil rights impartiality identity
What does 'equally' mean?evenly fairly uniformly justly equitably coequally coordinately correspondingly
① evenly fairly uniformly justly equitably coequally coordinately correspondingly ② not adequate helpless unfit ineffective inadequate naive weak ③ addition growth development raise merger hike rise upsurge ④ vouch for give testimony depose assert indicate swear ⑤ achieve accomplish earn secure reach obtain gain promote
What does 'essence' mean?heart significance core substance nature root basis character
① exhaust weary annoy depress dishearten exasperate dispirit displease ② agreement mutual understanding pact reconciliation deal correspondence congruence ③ hardworking productive energetic diligent conscientious active assiduous burning ④ heart significance core substance nature root basis character ⑤ notice see feel recognize regard grasp observe identify
What does 'essential' mean?important vital necessary indispensable crucial needed imperative fundamental
① innocent naive guileless childish artless credulous immature ingenuous ② important vital necessary indispensable crucial needed imperative fundamental ③ ignoring negligence disdain inattention apathy disrespect scorn indifference ④ convention colloquium forum discussion consultation seminar interview symposium ⑤ having movement operating alive effective rapid progressive working
What does 'estate' mean?extensive manor and its property parcel area farm
① insignificant small petty slight inconsequential lesser unimportant negligible ② extensive manor and its property parcel area farm ③ basically necessarily originally approximately truly permanently virtually substantially ④ forever continually regularly constantly consistently repeatedly invariably ever ⑤ physical energy power violence effort strength enforcement fury
What does 'estimate' mean?approximate calculation educated guess guess evaluation projection assessment
① stable fixed constant solid reliable safe substantial durable ② familiarize conform align adjust adapt locate direct acclimatize ③ convey advice plan desire offer propose advocate submit ④ approximate calculation educated guess guess evaluation projection assessment ⑤ turn orbit gyration circle revolution circumvolution circumrotation noun
What does 'exposure' mean?uncovering putting in view or danger disclosure publicity
① go up against in contest contend play wrestle ② impressive great noble grandiose awe-inspiring stately marvelous sumptuous ③ uncovering putting in view or danger disclosure publicity ④ sweet treat sweet confection candy fruit cookie pastry ⑤ move down lower a go down plunge crash
What does 'failure' mean?lack of success breakdown loss misstep collapse decline
① confine limit situation or ability to participate inhibit ② live or exist in locate lie squat populate ③ go up take off escalate climb soar fly ④ lack of success breakdown loss misstep collapse decline ⑤ effective powerful vigorous energetic convincing vehement persuasive dynamic
What does 'fate' mean?predetermined course destiny circumstance effect chance future consequence
① read out loud narrate declaim repeat communicate perform ② progress breakthrough evolution advancement development advance amelioration boost ③ inheritance heritage tradition gift estate birthright heirloom devise ④ ready to bear produce productive lush fruitful rich ⑤ predetermined course destiny circumstance effect chance future consequence
What does 'figure' mean?numeral numeric value price character rate number symbol
① sociable person exhibitionist character show-off showboat gregarious person ② semantic grammatical dialectal phonetic lingual etymological lexemic lexical ③ error goof lapse blunder misstep mistake fluff omission ④ numeral numeric value price character rate number symbol ⑤ hard try fight to win trial attempt combat
What does 'force' mean?physical energy power violence effort strength enforcement fury
① sell or trade abroad ship dump smuggle transport ② physical energy power violence effort strength enforcement fury ③ belief reaction sentiment viewpoint impression judgment point of ④ person who opposes in competition competitor contender competition ⑤ variety difference diversification unlikeness variegation diverseness multiplicity divergence
What does 'fundamental' mean?basic important major paramount integral crucial indispensable constitutional
① basic important major paramount integral crucial indispensable constitutional ② creating of goods result manufacture management construction manufacturing ③ band music orchestra concert harmony var synonyms document.getElementsByClassName ④ a still picture taken with a camera picture ⑤ description interpretation explanation solution rationale answer translation comment
What does 'hardship' mean?personal burden grief misfortune peril disaster danger oppression
① wrong idea impression delusion misunderstanding misinterpretation fallacy fault ② availability usefulness useful thing amenity advantage service facility ③ midway average intermediate par commonplace fair normal median ④ personal burden grief misfortune peril disaster danger oppression ⑤ volume limit of volume held scope space quantity
What does 'hypothesis' mean?theory proposition conjecture inference thesis explanation guess supposition
① state of mind climate humor mood attitude disposition ② physical energy power violence effort strength enforcement fury ③ volume limit of volume held scope space quantity ④ theory proposition conjecture inference thesis explanation guess supposition ⑤ a still picture taken with a camera picture
What does 'ideal' mean?model perfect optimal fitting quintessential excellent classical classic
① religious otherworldly divine metaphysical sacred intangible holy devotional ② suggestion presentation for action proposition motion overture outline ③ abridgement of something written compendium sketch condensation abstract ④ person willing to enter contest rival favorite competition ⑤ model perfect optimal fitting quintessential excellent classical classic
What does 'illusion' mean?false appearance false belief semblance deception myth confusion
① goal aim motive plan objective hope purpose end ② explanation interpretation resolution description illumination exposition elucidation solution ③ religious theory or belief dogma creed belief doctrine ④ concerning life organic life living ⑤ false appearance false belief semblance deception myth confusion
What does 'improvement' mean?bettering something bettered development advance upgrade recovery rise
① adeptness effectiveness readiness productivity ability energy talent capability ② lawyer counsel mouthpiece barrister advocate lip proxy front ③ help enhance advance pay assist serve favor further ④ proposal asking bid request encouragement summons overture proposition ⑤ bettering something bettered development advance upgrade recovery rise
What does 'incentive' mean?lure inducement motivation stimulus impetus encouragement reason enticement
① scrutiny examination audit study analysis check sample inquiry ② graduated system ratio proportion rate system range extent ③ lure inducement motivation stimulus impetus encouragement reason enticement ④ study of the mind emotional and mental constitution ⑤ share cut ration serving lot fragment chunk excerpt
What does 'induce' mean?cause to happen encourage urge activate prompt coax
① counseling direction management intelligence advice instruction supervision leadership ② promising likely hidden possible probable budding future conceivable ③ cause to happen encourage urge activate prompt coax ④ satisfactory agreeable fair decent sufficient respectable common adequate ⑤ save protect preserve safeguard maintain sustain hoard skimp
What does 'inevitable' mean?certain cannot be avoided inexorable necessary imminent unavoidable
① certain cannot be avoided inexorable necessary imminent unavoidable ② lucky chance favorable circumstances freedom moment time event ③ association federation conference group society club company union ④ determination strong will decision settlement verdict resoluteness perseverance ⑤ ready for use accessible usable convenient vacant possible
What does 'inevitable' mean?certain cannot be avoided inexorable necessary imminent unavoidable
① hurt harm shock loss cramp cut bruise burn ② short compressed pithy concise terse abrupt succinct blunt ③ disregard neglect ignore discount omit forget overpass disdain ④ make assumption believe count on guess assume pretend ⑤ certain cannot be avoided inexorable necessary imminent unavoidable
What does 'interpersonal' mean?between persons social mutual relational civil communal
① between persons social mutual relational civil communal ② indefinite obscured unreal ethereal hypothetical slight abstract impalpable ③ impressive splendid august awesome ceremonious cool courtly dignified ④ melt from solid to liquid mix in soften ⑤ male or female colleague friend lecturer associate assistant
What does 'interpret' mean?make sense of define portray depict read illustrate
① bacterium microorganism microbe virus disease infection germ bacillus ② make sense of define portray depict read illustrate ③ care for keep up preserve control protect finance ④ carry on carry through persevere go on recur ⑤ old ancient aged elderly superannuated obsolescent obsolete out-of-date
What does 'invest' mean?contribute money to make money provide devote supply
① skillful adept experienced able proficient expert ② development progress prosperity success advance hike rise advancement ③ something done over duplicate repetition reiteration recapitulation reproduction ④ contribute money to make money provide devote supply ⑤ very bad troublesome ominous hostile objectionable calamitous negative
What does 'logic' mean?science of reasoning sanity philosophy rationale sense argumentation
① ability competency capacity suitability proficiency savvy expertise qualification ② science of reasoning sanity philosophy rationale sense argumentation ③ foreign acquired alien exotic exterior external extraneous imported ④ stipulate action to be taken require impose determine ⑤ need want lack desire wish crave miss depend
What does 'lying' mean?dishonest misleading double-dealing wrong two-timing deceitful deceptive delusive
① top crowning point culmination head pinnacle zenith acme ② dishonest misleading double-dealing wrong two-timing deceitful deceptive delusive ③ established orderly precise academic solemn explicit legal strict ④ inspire upset annoy work up disturb thrill energize ⑤ one who collects specimens connoisseur fancier authority antiquarian
What does 'mental' mean?concerning the mind subjective spiritual cerebral psychic intellectual
① displease insult annoy disturb exasperate aggrieve horrify sicken ② concerning the mind subjective spiritual cerebral psychic intellectual ③ declaration made in advance guess indicator forecast prognosis ④ motion as communication nod signal sign token indication ⑤ friendly sociable sympathetic affectionate warmhearted welcoming cozy jovial
What does 'modest' mean?shy prudent simple humble quiet unassuming moderate bashful
① punishment discipline forfeiture cost fine retribution rap handicap ② appropriate to the purpose pertinent suited germane consistent ③ mental state love shame anger sympathy happiness concern ④ shy prudent simple humble quiet unassuming moderate bashful ⑤ extend augment bolster widen broaden swell enlarge increase
What does 'motivation' mean?ambition inspiration desire impetus interest wish incentive motive
① group with common interest or pursuit club league ② sudden excitement fun pleasure inspiration adventure wallop upper ③ conclusion resolution reached accord settlement arrangement determination judgment ④ ambition inspiration desire impetus interest wish incentive motive ⑤ painful rough distressing troublesome harsh awkward hard annoying
What does 'motive' mean?reason purpose emotion motivation impulse influence idea aim
① reason purpose emotion motivation impulse influence idea aim ② projecting mass of land headland cape neck point ③ span of animate being's existence career life period ④ guide along route often over water maneuver handle ⑤ beyond reach invulnerable imperceptible sacrosanct intangible impalpable inviolable
What does 'navigation' mean?traveling guiding along route often over water exploration
① wrong made up fake untrue distorted mistaken improper ② make assumption believe count on guess assume pretend ③ character disposition humor description quality essence personality type ④ traveling guiding along route often over water exploration ⑤ admission means of entry approach entry connection approach
What does 'nervousness' mean?anxious state tension stress impatience agitation sensitivity disquiet
① experience or circumstances training practice upbringing environment culture ② tool usually for eating fork instrument gadget appliance ③ person who writes about factual events for a ④ dryness shortage of supply lack scarcity insufficiency dearth ⑤ anxious state tension stress impatience agitation sensitivity disquiet
What does 'noble' mean?aristocratic patrician imperial gentle kingly highborn queenly titled
① make cultured develop ennoble acquaint sophisticate tame humanize ② aristocratic patrician imperial gentle kingly highborn queenly titled ③ belief in one way partiality intolerance favoritism tilt ④ ally fight contend squabble disagree quibble dispute quarrel ⑤ lucky chance favorable circumstances freedom moment time event
What does 'nutrition' mean?food nourishment victuals menu nutriment diet sustenance subsistence
① food nourishment victuals menu nutriment diet sustenance subsistence ② person native of country voter civilian resident national ③ pain due to exertion tension stress anxiety bruise ④ ⑤ situation condition case status accident occurrence fate thing
What does 'official' mean?authorized legitimate precise authoritative definite fitting valid proper
① surroundings atmosphere status climate habitat surroundings setting situation ② difference alternative deviation abnormality diversity variety fluctuation innovation ③ disappear die melt evaporate fade dissolve evanesce clear ④ shy prudent simple humble quiet unassuming moderate bashful ⑤ authorized legitimate precise authoritative definite fitting valid proper
What does 'ordinary' mean?common regular traditional typical natural everyday normal familiar
① well-known favorite fashionable favored famous attractive beloved trendy ② crisis difficulty predicament dilemma distress mystification pass perplexity ③ common regular traditional typical natural everyday normal familiar ④ eruption discharge burst outbreak blast detonation outburst combustion ⑤ state of having positive beliefs confidence anticipation certainty
What does 'painful' mean?physically or mentally agonizing distressing tedious troublesome hurtful
① moderate tolerable fair cheap plausible proper humane honest ② physically or mentally agonizing distressing tedious troublesome hurtful ③ instructional academic cultural scholarly didactic informative instructive informational ④ study of the s and planets other than ⑤ bad horrible atrocious ghastly horrendous disturbing dreadful horrid
What does 'passion' mean?strong emotion temper sentiment rage zeal joy resentment
① down payment money saved security warranty stake pledge ② sign stamp trademark name autograph impression indication designation ③ crazy insane maniacal irrational distracted unhinged demented crazed ④ feed care for cultivate tend sustain cherish foster ⑤ strong emotion temper sentiment rage zeal joy resentment
What does 'perception' mean?understanding idea viewpoint impression concept knowledge consciousness taste
① lucky chance favorable circumstances freedom moment time event ② emptiness void gap vacuity nothingness exhaustion space rarefaction ③ concerning the direction to the east east easterly ④ correctly exactly precisely scrupulously meticulously flawlessly veraciously ⑤ understanding idea viewpoint impression concept knowledge consciousness taste
What does 'persuade' mean?cause to believe convince to do satisfy urge
① ability competency capacity suitability proficiency savvy expertise qualification ② civic community local governmental domestic national civilian home ③ tell the difference discriminate divide separate recognize characterize ④ cause to believe convince to do satisfy urge ⑤ arrange systematize run formulate form set up create
What does 'philosophical' mean?reflective profound abstract metaphysical logical thoughtful rational calm
① rush usually of liquid deluge flow swell rise ② tightness pressure stress strain force rigidity stiffness balance ③ drive resolve desire thought motivation whim wish influence ④ reflective profound abstract metaphysical logical thoughtful rational calm ⑤ carefulness preventative measure protection caution safeguard provision insurance
What does 'pleasant' mean?acceptable friendly cordial likable sweet cheerful mild bland
① proposal suggestion overture action bid attempt essay hit ② manner way status style fashion tone form process ③ abundant generous productive fertile prolific ample sufficient bountiful ④ difficulty entanglement embarrassment quandary crisis connection Synonyms ⑤ acceptable friendly cordial likable sweet cheerful mild bland
What does 'plenty' mean?much abundance wealth plethora enough luxury torrent quantity
① support buttress column pillar coating prop brace beefing ② neighborhood outside of but reliant on nearby large ③ preferred favored beloved popular main sweetheart intimate pet ④ disagree rece decline refuse revoke refute contradict withhold ⑤ much abundance wealth plethora enough luxury torrent quantity
What does 'preparation' mean?development readiness training groundwork establishment study arrangement rehearsal
① something done over duplicate repetition reiteration recapitulation reproduction ② development readiness training groundwork establishment study arrangement rehearsal ③ advancement gain development advance evolution stride process rise ④ person who sells goods shopkeeper trafficker vendor trader ⑤ unduly protective protective protecting shielding grandmotherly nannyish vigilant
What does 'preserve' mean?care for maintain continue perpetuate protect save secure
① dishonest tricky ambiguous underhanded deceitful sneaky slick fraudulent ② surprising tling accidental unforeseen wonderful amazing astonishing unpredictable ③ request for help claim bid suit question overture ④ care for maintain continue perpetuate protect save secure ⑤ authorization charter go-ahead license permission patent consent grant
What does 'pressure' mean?physical force weight tension stress strength strain burden
① funny drawing often with dialogue or caption sketch ② wealth possessions prosperity substance estate inheritance treasure riches ③ physical force weight tension stress strength strain burden ④ against the law unwarranted wrongful irregular unauthorized banned ⑤ established practice ethic practice folklore belief myth habit
What does 'privacy' mean?solitude secrecy seclusion isolation solitude quiet sequestration aloofness
① go up against in contest contend play wrestle ② written matter both fictional and nonfictional essay drama ③ regimen training control development restraint practice self-restraint will ④ solitude secrecy seclusion isolation solitude quiet sequestration aloofness ⑤ cost payment loan rate insurance price tag sum
What does 'process' mean?method series of actions to achieve result development
① have printed issue disclose put out distribute promulgate ② steps in walking step clip measure lick tread ③ exist reside dwell subsist lie be repose inhere ④ method series of actions to achieve result development ⑤ one who carries or transmits something shipper transporter
What does 'process' mean?method series of actions to achieve result development
① concerning farming land rural gardening ranch rustic horticultural ② consume exhaust supply drain bankrupt lessen reduce expend ③ method series of actions to achieve result development ④ move travel to another place trek shift drift ⑤ introduction preamble foreword prologue prelude explanation overture prolegomenon
What does 'production' mean?creating of goods result manufacture management construction manufacturing
① person being paid for working for another or ② challenge frustrate resist spurn thwart violate withstand confront ③ skillful adept experienced able proficient expert ④ chance random occasional spontaneous offhand accidental adventitious by ⑤ creating of goods result manufacture management construction manufacturing
What does 'profit' mean?gain product goods saving surplus revenue turnout receipt
① difference mixture diversity variation range collection assortment array ② researcher analyst expert examiner prober physicist chemist tester ③ gain product goods saving surplus revenue turnout receipt ④ agreement deal pact pledge bargain commitment arrangement record ⑤ blow up collapse mushroom burst shatter detonate erupt
What does 'pursue' mean?chase follow seek bait fish haunt tag hound
① class variety sort category kind group description division ② chase follow seek bait fish haunt tag hound ③ all the same remaining the same tedious repetitious ④ language of a person or people glossary jargon ⑤ find again regain restore retrieve rescue resume get
What does 'pursuit' mean?chase search hunt quest inquiry hunting reaching seeking
① be in unison assent with another set concur ② chase search hunt quest inquiry hunting reaching seeking ③ consequence effect reaction result issue event conclusion end ④ feeling perception emotion impression sensitivity passion sense susceptibility ⑤ believe strongly anticipate foresee predict await forecast suppose
What does 'radiation' mean?dissemination emission diffusion circulation transmission divergence broadcast dispersion
① suitable good useful decent fitting appropriate legitimate convenient ② everyday dull mundane prosaic humdrum banal mediocre flat ③ dissemination emission diffusion circulation transmission divergence broadcast dispersion ④ upright steep plumb erect perpendicular sheer up-and-down upward ⑤ founder inventor administrator architect author builder creator dean
What does 'random' mean?haphazard chance aimless unplanned irregular accidental incidental indiscriminate
① adeptness effectiveness readiness productivity ability energy talent capability ② develop in mind or physically spawn organize devise ③ haphazard chance aimless unplanned irregular accidental incidental indiscriminate ④ error goof lapse blunder misstep mistake fluff omission ⑤ component of concoction factor additive piece element fixing
What does 'regulate' mean?manage organize control readjust standardize monitor rectify oversee
① manage organize control readjust standardize monitor rectify oversee ② delivery of freight freight transit conveyance transportation transport ③ commit one's energies thoughts give dedicate give away ④ prominence limelight leading edge vanguard fore cutting edge ⑤ artistic imaginative ingenious inventive gifted visionary productive innovative
What does 'relevant' mean?appropriate to the purpose pertinent suited germane consistent
① effective powerful vigorous energetic convincing vehement persuasive dynamic ② see-through clear thin translucent diaphanous filmy gauzy glassy ③ liquid flowing running fluent juicy melted molten watery ④ concentrate draw toward a point consolidate integrate unify ⑤ appropriate to the purpose pertinent suited germane consistent
What does 'responsibility' mean?accountability blame duty power importance restraint authority liability
① gain the confidence of satisfy prompt prove get ② analyst interpreter pundit expert cartoonist authority judge reviewer ③ make depth greater expand dredge dig excavate extend ④ accountability blame duty power importance restraint authority liability ⑤ in the background in the dark sub rosa
What does 'reward' mean?payment prize accolade premium bonus compensation award honor
① payment prize accolade premium bonus compensation award honor ② friendly association agreement concord concurrence partnership collusion affiliation ③ order succession streak set run string sequence list ④ vouch for give testimony depose assert indicate swear ⑤ unfeeling uninterested disinterested diffident impervious haughty impartial callous
What does 'scared' mean?frightened afraid fearful anxious tled panicky petrified shaken
① extreme maximum sheer all-out ultimate unconditional absolute uttermost ② shared feeling empathy compassion sensitivity understanding tenderness unity ③ frightened afraid fearful anxious tled panicky petrified shaken ④ present propose for acceptance give extend grant provide ⑤ person who loves his or her country partisan
What does 'secure' mean?safe protected guarded sheltered defended immune impregnable unassailable
① bigger dominant large-scale big primary large sizable leading ② down payment money saved security warranty stake pledge ③ safe protected guarded sheltered defended immune impregnable unassailable ④ authorized legitimate precise authoritative definite fitting valid proper ⑤ shoreline indentation sound inlet gulf harbor anchorage estuary
What does 'sensitive' mean?impressionable tricky precise tense keen susceptible nervous receptive
① adventure undertaking firm business company trade project program ② disconnected independent sovereign free isolated abstracted distributed divided ③ crowd of people group club community team party ④ impressionable tricky precise tense keen susceptible nervous receptive ⑤ measure of temperature instrument regulator indicator thermostat var
What does 'signal' mean?extraordinary outstanding noticeable salient conspicuous momentous noteworthy pronounced
① extraordinary outstanding noticeable salient conspicuous momentous noteworthy pronounced ② effective powerful vigorous energetic convincing vehement persuasive dynamic ③ settler pilgrim pioneer colonial homesteader ④ come into being proceed emerge begin derive appear ⑤ hateful communication shame disgrace affront slight blasphemy taunt
What does 'simplify' mean?make easy intelligible facilitate reduce clarify shorten cut
① sign of illness or problem syndrome manifestation index ② make easy intelligible facilitate reduce clarify shorten cut ③ far-reaching thorough pervasive huge lengthy large-scale comprehensive protracted ④ made-up story drama novel myth imagination fable yarn ⑤ educational instructional gossipy descriptive enlightening instructive explanatory illuminating
What does 'spare' mean?extra reserve unused unoccupied option emergency over lagniappe
① division portion category sector zone district area region ② cameraperson paparazzo photojournalist shutterbug freelance photographer var synonyms ③ regal royal stately sovereign domineering kingly lordly magisterial ④ extra reserve unused unoccupied option emergency over lagniappe ⑤ investigation inquest study scrutiny exploration examination inquiry research
What does 'stimulate' mean?excite provoke prompt inspire trigger vitalize encourage arouse
① send away remove free decline expel disband reject ② make or become ready prepared enable score certify ③ very smart imaginative inventive wise brilliant knowledgeable resourceful ④ living thing structure animal creature being person plant ⑤ excite provoke prompt inspire trigger vitalize encourage arouse
What does 'strategy' mean?plan of action planning blueprint scenario game plan
① wild untamed ferocious harsh turbulent vicious brutal crude ② pitch volume strength timbre inflection accent emphasis resonance ③ mass destruction annihilation devastation cataclysm catastrophe holocaust end ④ point of communication upshot gist core substance meat ⑤ plan of action planning blueprint scenario game plan
What does 'structure' mean?makeup form network format system arrangement framework complex
① disregard disrespect carelessness indifference oversight inadvertence slight laxness ② stroke massage rasping pat swab smear swipe attrition ③ meaning construction point heart interpretation gist purport bearing ④ makeup form network format system arrangement framework complex ⑤ rewording interpretation explanation rendering version adaptation rendition reading
What does 'struggle' mean?hard try fight to win trial attempt combat
① peer equivalent competitor like rival complement duplicate companion ② adeptness effectiveness readiness productivity ability energy talent capability ③ hard try fight to win trial attempt combat ④ beginning point of supply origin cause authority expert ⑤ method style capacity art facility means system capability
What does 'sufficient' mean?enough adequate plentiful satisfactory acceptable ample tolerable agreeable
① person with whom one competes enemy competitor candidate ② innumerable uncounted myriad untold endless heap immeasurable incalculable ③ politic tactful gracious polite conciliatory strategic adept arch ④ precious irreplaceable incalculable valuable rare invaluable expensive costly ⑤ enough adequate plentiful satisfactory acceptable ample tolerable agreeable
What does 'suitable' mean?appropriate acceptable satisfactory relevant useful reasonable convenient sufficient
① think highly of venerate revere treasure love prize ② appropriate acceptable satisfactory relevant useful reasonable convenient sufficient ③ matter or business to be taken care of ④ apparent understandable accessible proced discernible evident noticeable overt ⑤ same similar identical comparable corresponding equal proportionate tantamount
What does 'temperature' mean?hotness coldness of some degree heat cold climate
① hotness coldness of some degree heat cold climate ② determinant circumstance influence point component element thing part ③ remember awaken waken retrospect recall flash mind revive ④ final deadly lethal fatal incurable last latter lag ⑤ instructional academic cultural scholarly didactic informative instructive informational
What does 'temperature' mean?hotness coldness of some degree heat cold climate
① issuance diffusion discharge radiation emanation transmission utterance ejection ② person supporting an idea or cause publicly promoter ③ hotness coldness of some degree heat cold climate ④ supplies gear for activity furnishings material machinery apparatus ⑤ person who waits on another assistant attendant slave
What does 'track' mean?mark print made by something path step record
① charitable kind generous philanthropic compassionate benign humane altruistic ② mark print made by something path step record ③ bad horrible atrocious ghastly horrendous disturbing dreadful horrid ④ order succession streak set run string sequence list ⑤ group observing an entertainment or sporting event gathering
What does 'traditional' mean?usual established conventional old classical classic universal time-honored
① apparent understandable accessible proced discernible evident noticeable overt ② burning brightness bloom radiance glare blossom light brilliance ③ determination strong will decision settlement verdict resoluteness perseverance ④ usual established conventional old classical classic universal time-honored ⑤ language rules alphabet syntax stratification rudiments structure linguistics
What does 'transportation' mean?conveyance transit transport shipment passage moving shipping conveying
① skeleton casing body fabric physique framework cage structure ② conveyance transit transport shipment passage moving shipping conveying ③ extent of time term span stretch season age ④ indefinite obscured unreal ethereal hypothetical slight abstract impalpable ⑤ aloneness isolation loneliness emptiness seclusion silence retirement wilderness
What does 'tricky' mean?complicated difficult rocky touchy problematic precarious sticky sensitive
① acceptable friendly cordial likable sweet cheerful mild bland ② manner of conducting oneself style management nature practice ③ small amount of food or drink snack pick-me-up ④ ready for use accessible usable convenient vacant possible ⑤ complicated difficult rocky touchy problematic precarious sticky sensitive
What does 'urge' mean?very strong desire longing itch weakness lust yearning
① memorable part climax focal point feature focus peak ② the shortest route straight precisely direct beeline dead ③ infrequently scarcely sometimes occasionally sporadically rarely hardly every ④ very strong desire longing itch weakness lust yearning ⑤ decision determination boldness willpower will intention courage firmness
What does 'value' mean?financial worth profit price rate amount cost expense
① anticipate predict perceive forecast foretell understand expect presage ② part article information component feature element thing piece ③ dig up unearth uncover shovel scrape gouge cut ④ financial worth profit price rate amount cost expense ⑤ leisure activity fun hobby diversion recreation amusement play
What does 'vital' mean?essential necessary key integral needed fundamental indispensable crucial
① prominence limelight leading edge vanguard fore cutting edge ② without limit sheer full unqualified complete unadulterated simple ③ basically necessarily originally approximately truly permanently virtually substantially ④ tool usually for eating fork instrument gadget appliance ⑤ essential necessary key integral needed fundamental indispensable crucial
Hello World! This is ⌘ SentenceMakingPractice!
21 요지.The effects of [change / not / be / will / climate] equally distributed [globe, / the / and / there / across] are likely to [winners / and / be / to / likely] losers as the [planet / warms.]
climate change will not be / across the globe, and there / likely to be winners and / planet warms.
/ / /
Regarding climate effects [developing / countries / in / are / general,] likely to [effects / experience / negative / more / of] global warming. [warming.]
in general, developing countries are / experience more negative effects of / warming. /
/ / /
Not only do [developing / countries / have / many / naturally] warmer climates [developed / than / the / in / those] world, they also [they / rely / more / heavily / also] on climate sensitive [forestry, / sectors / such / as / agriculture, / and] tourism.
many developing countries have naturally / than those in the developed / they also rely more heavily / sectors such as agriculture, forestry, and
/ / /
As temperatures rise [Africa / further, / regions / such / as] will face [will / crop / and / declining / yields] struggle to produce [for / produce / sufficient / food / to] domestic consumption, while [likely / will / major / exports / their / fall] in volume.
further, regions such as Africa / declining crop yields and will / to produce sufficient food for / their major exports will likely fall
/ / /
This effect will [these / worse / for / be / made] regions if [able / countries / developed / to / are] make up for [fall / up / the / for / in] agricultural output with [sources, / their / new / own / from / potentially] domestic economies as their land becomes more suitable for growing crops.
be made worse for these / developed countries are able to / up for the fall in / new sources, potentially from their own
/ / /
22 요지.Nervousness about public [one / the / speaking / of / is] most common [fears / among / people.]
speaking is one of the / fears among people. / /
/ / /
It can serve [a / real / as / significant / and] barrier to [ultimately / to / effective / communication / and] academic and professional [success. / professional / and]
as a real and significant / effective communication and ultimately to / and professional success. /
/ / /
Debate is an [develop / setting / coping / ideal / to] strategies that [manage / to / allow / their / people] speech anxiety. [anxiety.]
ideal setting to develop coping / allow people to manage their / anxiety. /
/ / /
Because debate both [allows / requires / and / a / for] lot of [preparation, / develop / individuals / confidence / in] their materials and [the / and / passion / for / materials] ideas they support.
requires and allows for a / preparation, individuals develop confidence in / materials and passion for the /
/ / /
Debate provides a [content / focus / the / over / on] style, so [the / is / the / attention / on] arguments, not on [the / on / person. / not]
focus on the content over / the attention is on the / not on the person. /
/ / /
Participants may forget [as / nervous / they / to / be] have so [much / about. / else / to / think]
to be nervous as they / much else to think about. / /
/ / /
And repetition of [experience / helps / build / confidence / them] and learn [their / cope / with / inevitable / to] nervousness in such [as / in / a / way / such] to prevent it [objectives. / their / from / interfering / with]
experience helps them build confidence / to cope with their inevitable / in such a way as / from interfering with their objectives.
/ / /
23 주제.Many parents who [personal / desire / hardship / experienced / have] a better [children. / life / their / for]
have experienced personal hardship desire / life for their children. / /
/ / /
To want to [spare / to / children / having / from] go through [noble / a / is / experiences / unpleasant] aim, and it [naturally / stems / it / from / and] love and concern [child. / the / for]
spare children from having to / unpleasant experiences is a noble / and it naturally stems from / for the child.
/ / /
What these parents [realize, / don’t / is / that / however,] while in [term / may / the / they / short] be making the [making / their / of / lives / the] children more pleasant, [long / term / may / they / in / the] be preventing their children from acquiring selfconfidence, mental strength, and important interpersonal skills.
don’t realize, however, is that / the short term they may / making the lives of their / in the long term they may
/ / /
Samuel Smiles, a [English / “It / nineteenthcentury / author, / wrote,] is doubtful [curse / heavier / could / whether / any] be forced on [forced / than / on / the / man] complete gratification of [all / his / without / effort / on / wishes] his part, leaving nothing for his hopes, desires, or struggles.”
nineteenthcentury English author, wrote, “It / whether any heavier curse could / forced on man than the / all his wishes without effort on
/ / /
For healthy development, [to / child / the / needs / deal] with some [difficult / through / some / failure, / struggle] periods, and experience [and / painful / experience / some / emotions.]
the child needs to deal / failure, struggle through some difficult / and experience some painful emotions. /
/ / /
24 제목.In 1947, when [Sea / were / Dead / the / Scrolls] discovered, archaeologists [fee / a / finder’s / for / set] each new document. [new / document.]
the Dead Sea Scrolls were / set a finder’s fee for / new document. /
/ / /
Instead of lots [scrolls / found, / of / extra / being] they were [increase / apart / torn / simply / to] the reward. [reward.]
of extra scrolls being found, / simply torn apart to increase / reward. /
/ / /
Similarly, in China [century, / nineteenth / an / the / in] incentive was [finding / for / dinosaur / bones. / offered]
in the nineteenth century, an / offered for finding dinosaur bones. / /
/ / /
Farmers located a [few / land, / on / their / broke] them into [a / pieces, / lot / and / made] of money. [money.]
few on their land, broke / pieces, and made a lot / money. /
/ / /
Modern incentives are [Company / no / better: / boards / promise] bonuses for [achieved / targets.]
no better: Company boards promise / achieved targets. / /
/ / /
And what happens?
/ / /
/ / /
Managers invest more [energy / trying / in / to / lower] the targets [growing / in / than / the / business.]
energy in trying to lower / than in growing the business. / /
/ / /
People respond to [doing / what / incentives / by / is] in their [interests. / best]
incentives by doing what is / best interests. / /
/ / /
What is noteworthy [first, / and / is, / quickly / how] radically people’s [incentives / come / behavior / when / changes] into play, and [the / play, / and / fact / second,] that people respond [not / and / the / themselves, / incentives / to] the higher intentions behind them.
is, first, how quickly and / behavior changes when incentives come / play, and second, the fact / to the incentives themselves, and not
/ / /
26 내용.
/ / /
일치 Ole Bull [Bergen, / Norway, / born / was / in] in 1810.
was born in Bergen, Norway, / / /
/ / /
He was a [known / violinist / composer / and / for] his unique [performance / method.]
violinist and composer known for / performance method. / /
/ / /
His father wished [to / him / a / for / become] minister of [desired / he / the / but / church,] a musical career. [career. / musical]
for him to become a / the church, but he desired / musical career. /
/ / /
At the age [could / play / he / of / five,] all of [the / he / heard / had / songs] his mother play [play / mother / the / on / violin.]
of five, he could play / the songs he had heard / mother play on the violin. /
/ / /
At age nine, [in / played / first / violin / he] the orchestra [theater. / of / Bergen’s]
he played first violin in / of Bergen’s theater. / /
/ / /
His debut as [came / soloist / 1819, / in / a] and by [made / he / was / 1828 / conductor] of the Musical [Musical / Lyceum. / the]
a soloist came in 1819, / 1828 he was made conductor / the Musical Lyceum. /
/ / /
He is believed [to / composed / have / than / more] 70 works, [only / 10 / but / remain / about] today.
to have composed more than / but only about 10 remain / /
/ / /
In 1850, caught [a / rising / in / up / tide] of Norwegian [the / Bull / romantic / cofounded / nationalism,] first theater in [performed / actors / theater / in / which] in Norwegian rather [than / Danish.]
up in a rising tide / romantic nationalism, Bull cofounded the / theater in which actors performed / than Danish.
/ / /
Bull died from [home / cancer / in / his / in] 1880.
cancer in his home in / / /
/ / /
He had held [concert / in / Chicago / last / his] the same [year, / his / illness. / despite]
his last concert in Chicago / year, despite his illness. / /
/ / /
29 어법.English speakers have [of / one / simplest / systems / the] for describing [relationships. / familial]
one of the simplest systems / familial relationships. / /
/ / /
Many African language [would / absurd / it / speakers / consider] to use [like / word / single / “cousin” / a] to describe both [male / female / and / describe / both] relatives, or not [to / described / whether / person / the / distinguish] is related by blood to the speaker’s father or to his mother.
speakers would consider it absurd / a single word like “cousin” / describe both male and female / to distinguish whether the person described
/ / /
To be unable [to / a / brotherinlaw / distinguish / as] the brother [wife / of / or / the / one’s] husband of one’s [sister / seem / one’s / of / would] confusing within the [structure / relationships / of / personal / in / existing] many cultures.
to distinguish a brotherinlaw as / of one’s wife or the / of one’s sister would seem / structure of personal relationships existing in
/ / /
Similarly, how is [it / make / possible / sense / to] of a [situation / “uncle” / inwhicha / word / single] applies to the [of / to / the / one’s / brother] father and to [one’s / brother / mother? / of / the]
it possible to make sense / situation inwhicha single word “uncle” / to the brother of one’s / the brother of one’s mother?
/ / /
The Hawaiian language [uses / to / term / the / same] refer to [and / to / one’s / the / father] father’s brother. [brother.]
uses the same term to / one’s father and to the / brother. /
/ / /
People of Northern [the / Burma, / who / in / think] Jinghpaw language, [eighteen / have / basic / terms / for] describing their kin. [kin. / their]
Burma, who think in the / have eighteen basic terms for / their kin. /
/ / /
Not one of [be / them / directly / translated / can] into English.
them can be directly translated / / /
/ / /
30 문맥.Dworkin suggests a [a / certain / classic / for / argument] kind of [opportunity. / of / equality]
classic argument for a certain / equality of opportunity. / /
/ / /
From Dworkin’s view, [justice / requires / person’s / a / that] fate be [things / by / that / determined / are] within that person’s [not / person’s / that / by / control,] luck.
justice requires that a person’s / determined by things that are / that person’s control, not by /
/ / /
If differences in [wellbeing / by / determined / circumstances / are] lying outside [control, / they / individual’s / of / an] are unjust. [unjust.]
wellbeing are determined by circumstances / of an individual’s control, they / unjust. /
/ / /
According to this [of / argument, / wellbeing / inequality / that] is driven [individual / in / by / differences / choices] or tastes is [tastes / acceptable. / is]
argument, inequality of wellbeing that / by differences in individual choices / tastes is acceptable. /
/ / /
But we should [of / inequality / to / eliminate / seek] wellbeing that [is / driven / factors / that / by] are not an [responsibility / and / individual’s / not / an] which prevent an [from / or / individual / achieving / what / he] she values.
seek to eliminate inequality of / is driven by factors that / not an individual’s responsibility and / individual from achieving what he or
/ / /
We do so [ensuringequality / or / of / opportunity / by] equality of [fundamental / to / resources. / access]
by ensuringequality of opportunity or / access to fundamental resources. / /
/ / /
31 빈칸.We are the [of / CEOs / our / own / lives.]
CEOs of our own lives. / / /
/ / /
We work hard [to / ourselves / urge / get / to] up and [to / work / go / do / and] what we must [we / must / after / day / do] day.
to urge ourselves to get / go to work and do / we must do day after /
/ / /
We also try [to / the / working / encourage / people] for and [those / us, / are / who / with] doing business with [with / business / even / and / us,] those who regulate [us.]
to encourage the people working / with us, those who are / business with us, and even / us.
/ / /
We do this [in / too: / our / lives, / personal] From a [age, / very / young / kids / try] to persuade their [persuade / do / parents / their / to] things for them [to / too / (“Dad, / I’m / do / scared] this!”) with varying degrees of success.
in our personal lives, too: / very young age, kids try / persuade their parents to do / (“Dad, I’m too scared to do
/ / /
As adults, we [our / try / encourage / to / significant] others to [(“Sweetie, / us / for / do / things] I had such [day / stressful / a / had / such] today, can you [to / the / put / bed / please / kids] and do the dishes?”).
try to encourage our significant / do things for us (“Sweetie, / had such a stressful day / please put the kids to bed
/ / /
We attempt to [clean / to / our / kids / get] up their [rooms.]
get our kids to clean / rooms. / /
/ / /
We try to [induce / to / our / neighbors / help] out with [party. / neighborhood / a]
induce our neighbors to help / a neighborhood party. / /
/ / /
Whatever our official [all / are / job / we / descriptions,] parttime motivators.
job descriptions, we are all / / /
/ / /
32 빈칸.In many regions [of / people / native / America, / Central] can but [green / grow / not / vegetables / do] packed with vital [nutrients / such / with / vital / as] vitamin A.
of Central America, native people / do not grow green vegetables / with vital nutrients such as /
/ / /
Generally speaking, the [people / have / a / do / not] tradition of [crops. / these / raising]
people do not have a / raising these crops. / /
/ / /
They often have [limited / in / and / education / general] almost no [nutrition / exposure / to / health / and] advice, and they [what / grow / feeds / and / they] the most people.
limited education in general and / exposure to health and nutrition / and they grow what feeds /
/ / /
They often have [tortillas / beans, / plenty / and / of] so they [have / sufficient / protein, / and / they] eat until full. [full. / until]
plenty of tortillas and beans, / have sufficient protein, and they / until full. /
/ / /
Yet the lack [leads / micronutrients / their / of / to] children developing [blindness, / iron / and / other / deficiency,] growth disorders. [disorders.]
of micronutrients leads to their / blindness, iron deficiency, and other / disorders. /
/ / /
In these situations, [be / to / families / have / educated] about nutrition, [encouraged / their / diversify / diets, / to] plant more green [sometimes / more / green / vegetables, / and] receive nutritional assistance [to / imbalances. / correct]
families have to be educated / encouraged to diversify their diets, / more green vegetables, and sometimes / to correct imbalances.
/ / /
33 빈칸.
/ / /
One of the [curious / paintings / of / the / most] Renaissance is [a / of / depiction / a / careful] weedy patch of [Albrecht / by / of / ground / patch] Dürer.
most curious paintings of the / a careful depiction of a / patch of ground by Albrecht /
/ / /
Dürer extracts design [an / from / and / apparently / harmony] random collection [weeds / and / that / grasses / of] we would normally [not / would / twice / think / normally] to look at.
and harmony from an apparently / of weeds and grasses that / would normally not think twice /
/ / /
By taking such [is / he / an / thing, / ordinary] able to [in / artistry / a / convey / his] pure form. [form.]
an ordinary thing, he is / convey his artistry in a / form. /
/ / /
In a similar [scientists / way, / choose / to / often] study humble [trying / subjects / understand / to / when] the essence of [a / of / essence / problem.]
way, scientists often choose to / subjects when trying to understand / essence of a problem. /
/ / /
Studying relatively simple [unnecessary / systems / avoids / complications, / and] can allow [deeper / be / obtained. / insights / to]
systems avoids unnecessary complications, and / deeper insights to be obtained. / /
/ / /
This is particularly [true / we / trying / are / when] to understand [our / as / as / problematic / something] ability to learn. [to / learn.]
true when we are trying / something as problematic as our / to learn. /
/ / /
Human reactions are [that / they / can / complex / so] be difficult [to / objectively. / interpret]
so complex that they can / to interpret objectively. / /
/ / /
It sometimes helps [and / to / consider / step / back] how more [modest / or / like / bacteria / creatures,] weeds, deal with [deal / with / they / challenges / the] face.
to step back and consider / modest creatures, like bacteria or / deal with the challenges they /
/ / /
34 빈칸.
/ / /
This true story [is / governmentowned / shoe / a / about] factory in [the / when / days / in / Poland] the country had [much / country / a / had / more] socialist economy.
is about a governmentowned shoe / Poland in the days when / country had a much more /
/ / /
Every month, the [Polish / government / gave / factory / the] materials, and [to / was / manager / told / the] produce a fixed [of / a / shoes. / fixed / number]
Polish government gave the factory / the manager was told to / a fixed number of shoes. /
/ / /
Because there was [involved, / no / motive / the / profit] manager’s basic [the / meet / goal / to / was] quota in the [way―by / in / possible / the / easiest] producing only small [shoes.]
no profit motive involved, the / goal was to meet the / in the easiest possible way―by / shoes.
/ / /
This production strategy [for / created / problem / people / a] who had [the / feet, / so / big / and] government revised the [the / revised / system.]
created a problem for people / big feet, and so the / revised the system. /
/ / /
Now the factory [same / amount / the / of / received] materials, but [a / of / producing / instead / fixed] number of shoes, [was / of / shoes, / factory / the] expected to produce [tons / a / of / of / fixed / number] shoes.
received the same amount of / instead of producing a fixed / of shoes, the factory was / a fixed number of tons of
/ / /
In other words, [would / the / output / now / factory’s] be weighed [rather / counted. / than]
the factory’s output would now / rather than counted. / /
/ / /
And again, the [in / the / responded / factory’s / manager] most efficient [by / but / nothing / producing / way,] huge shoes. [shoes.]
factory’s manager responded in the / way, by producing nothing but / shoes. /
/ / /
In either situation, [not / strategy / government’s / the / did] provide any [motivation / shoes / to / in / produce] various sizes that [met / that / sizes / people’s / needs.]
the government’s strategy did not / motivation to produce shoes in / sizes that met people’s needs. /
/ / /
35 무관한.
/ / /
The use of [has / drones / in / been / science] increasing.
drones in science has been / / /
/ / /
Drones may be [kinds / all / to / useful / collect] of research [data.]
useful to collect all kinds / data. / /
/ / /
For instance, in [data / drones / can / collect / meteorology] on humidity, [temperature, / radiation, / wind / pressure, / force,] etc.
meteorology drones can collect data / pressure, temperature, wind force, radiation, / /
/ / /
In case of [people / or / hurricanes, / nearing / tornados] can seek [the / help / with / of / safety] the data gathered [gathered / drones. / data / by]
nearing tornados or hurricanes, people / safety with the help of / data gathered by drones. /
/ / /
Drones can gather [data / in / that / places / relevant] were previously [difficult / reach―data / costly / to / or] that may provide [new / knowledge / provide / scientific / may] about the atmosphere [climate. / and / the]
relevant data in places that / difficult or costly to reach―data / may provide new scientific knowledge / and the climate.
/ / /
Such knowledge may [models / and / improve / climate / existing] provide more [accurate / predictions.]
improve existing climate models and / accurate predictions. / /
/ / /
36 순서.
/ / /
Crossing the street [is / Los / Angeles / in / a] tricky business, [luckily, / at / the / press / but] of a button, [a / button, / stop / can / we] traffic.
in Los Angeles is a / but luckily, at the press / a button, we can stop /
/ / /
Or can we?
/ / /
/ / /
The button’s real [make / purpose / is / to / us] believe we [influence / an / the / on / have] traffic lights, and [and / better / thus / lights, / we’re] able to endure [to / for / signal / the / the / wait] change with more patience.
purpose is to make us / have an influence on the / lights, and thus we’re better / the wait for the signal to
/ / /
The same goes [and / buttons / “dooropen” / “doorclose” / for] in elevators: [Many / connected / are / not / even] to the electrical [electrical / the / panel.]
for “dooropen” and “doorclose” buttons / Many are not even connected / the electrical panel. /
/ / /
Such tricks are [in / designed / also / offices: / For] some people [it / will / always / too / be] hot, for others, [for / cold. / too / others,]
also designed in offices: For / it will always be too / for others, too cold. /
/ / /
Clever technicians create [the / control / illusion / of / by] installing fake [temperature / dials.]
the illusion of control by / temperature dials. / /
/ / /
This reduces energy [complaints. / bills―and]
bills―and complaints. / / /
/ / /
Such tricks are [and / “placebo / they / buttons” / called] are being [sorts / of / all / pushed / in] contexts.
called “placebo buttons” and they / pushed in all sorts of / /
/ / /
37 순서.
/ / /
Both taxi and [drivers / part / a / bus / use] of their [hippocampus / brain / to / the / called] navigate routes that [be / sometimes / routes / can / that] very complicated.
bus drivers use a part / brain called the hippocampus to / routes that can sometimes be /
/ / /
Who would you [larger / the / hippocampus: / has / guess] the taxi [driver? / bus / or / driver]
guess has the larger hippocampus: / driver or bus driver? / /
/ / /
The answer is [driver. / taxi / the]
the taxi driver. / / /
/ / /
This is because [need / take / taxi / drivers / to] new routes [quite / often.]
taxi drivers need to take / quite often. / /
/ / /
To do this, [intensively / they / use / their / hippocampus] to memorize [of / routes / and / all / kinds] figure out the [out / way / to / the / quickest] reach their destinations.
they use their hippocampus intensively / all kinds of routes and / out the quickest way to /
/ / /
In contrast, most [same / drivers / the / bus / follow] route every [not / day / and / do / therefore] stimulate their hippocampus [as / their / hippocampus / much.]
bus drivers follow the same / day and therefore do not / their hippocampus as much. /
/ / /
Over time, the [driver’s / taxi / a / role / triggers] growth of [neurons / and / the / synapses / in] hippocampus, resulting in [size. / increased / in / resulting / its]
taxi driver’s role triggers a / neurons and synapses in the / resulting in its increased size. /
/ / /
Brain changes like [this / basis / the / are / for] seeing improvement [in / performance. / mental]
this are the basis for / in mental performance. / /
/ / /
So if you [navigation / put / your / away / satellite] system and [use / instead, / memory / regularly / your] you may end [end / up / with / a / may] larger hippocampus and [too. / better / perhaps / a / memory,]
put away your satellite navigation / regularly use your memory instead, / may end up with a / perhaps a better memory, too.
/ / /
38 삽입.
/ / /
Emotion plays an [all / in / our / essential / role] pursuits―including our [pursuit / happiness. / of]
essential role in all our / pursuit of happiness. / /
/ / /
It is nearly [impossible / imagine / to / us / for] a life [emotion. / without]
impossible for us to imagine / without emotion. / /
/ / /
Think of an [other / that, / emotionless / robot / than] the capacity [exactly / emotions, / for / has / the] same physical and [characteristics / as / cognitive / and / physical] humans.
emotionless robot that, other than / for emotions, has exactly the / physical and cognitive characteristics as /
/ / /
The robot thinks [behaves / in / and / the / same] way that [do. / humans]
and behaves in the same / humans do. / /
/ / /
It can discuss [and / issues / deep / follow / philosophical] complex logic; [it / and / tunnels / can / dig] build skyscrapers. [skyscrapers.]
deep philosophical issues and follow / it can dig tunnels and / skyscrapers. /
/ / /
Yet, although the [sophisticated, / is / lacks / it / robot] all motivation [to / act.]
robot is sophisticated, it lacks / to act. / /
/ / /
This is because [most / even / basic / desires / the] are dependent [emotions―the / on / thing / one / this] robot lacks. [lacks.]
even the most basic desires / on emotions―the one thing this / lacks. /
/ / /
39 삽입.Favorite websites sometimes [like / greet / users / old / friends.]
greet users like old friends. / / /
/ / /
Online bookstores welcome [their / and / name / customers / by] suggest new [to / books / they / might / like] read.
their customers by name and / books they might like to / /
/ / /
Real estate sites [their / new / tell / visitors / about] properties that [on / come / market. / have / the]
tell their visitors about new / have come on the market. / /
/ / /
These tricks are [cookies, / small / possible / by / made] files that [an / server / inside / Internet / stores] individuals’ web browsers [so / web / it / can / browsers] remember them.
made possible by cookies, small / an Internet server stores inside / web browsers so it can /
/ / /
Therefore, cookies can [greatly / individuals. / benefit]
greatly benefit individuals. / / /
/ / /
For example, cookies [save / of / the / chore / users] having to [into / names / enter / addresses / and] ecommerce websites every [websites / every / they / make / time] a purchase.
save users the chore of / enter names and addresses into / websites every time they make /
/ / /
However, concerns have [cookies, / raised / which / that / been] can track [people / what / may / online, / do] be violating privacy [by / companies / helping / violating / privacy] or government agencies [accumulate / personal / information.]
been raised that cookies, which / what people do online, may / violating privacy by helping companies / accumulate personal information.
/ / /
Security is another [shared / computers / Cookies / make / concern:] far less [secure / many / and / hackers / offer] ways to break [into / to / break / systems.]
concern: Cookies make shared computers / secure and offer hackers many / to break into systems. /
/ / /
40 요약문.We often assume [see / our / physical / we / surroundings] as they [are. / actually]
we see our physical surroundings / actually are. / /
/ / /
But new research [how / see / that / suggests / we] the world [we / depends / on / want / what] from it. [it.]
suggests that how we see / depends on what we want / it. /
/ / /
When a group [people / psychologists / of / to / asked] estimate how [of / away / a / bottle / far] water was, those [who / was, / those / thirsty / were] guessed it was [did. / than / people / closer / nonthirsty]
of psychologists asked people to / far away a bottle of / was, those who were thirsty / closer than nonthirsty people did.
/ / /
This difference in [perception / in / a / showed / up] physical challenge, [too.]
perception showed up in a / too. / /
/ / /
When people were [beanbag / told / to / toss / a] at a [gift / and / that / card, / $25] the closest would [closest / it, / people / win / would] threw their beanbags [inches / short / on / nine / average.]
told to toss a beanbag / $25 gift card, and that / closest would win it, people / nine inches short on average.
/ / /
But when the [was / $0, / card’s / gift / value] people threw [their / beanbags / past / card / the] by an inch. [inch. / an]
gift card’s value was $0, / their beanbags past the card / an inch. /
/ / /
As the brain [distances / saw / who / evolved, / people] to goals [gone / might / as / shorter / have] after what they [often. / wanted / more / what / they]
evolved, people who saw distances / as shorter might have gone / what they wanted more often. /
/ / /
This error in [was / advantage, / an / actually / perception] leading people [to / needed. / what / get / they]
perception was actually an advantage, / to get what they needed. / /
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1609 H3 Wayne Version
Based on Python
Hello World! This is ⌘VOCAB. 🤣
determined asleep invisible untouchable demanding inspiring aspects translating potential creativity dynamic imaginative experimental interactive unstable unstable require translator affective concerns linguistic Translating poetry nonsense demands imaginative visual creativity literature forefront imaginative experimentation evolutionary perspective fostering preserving survival stability force capacity Stable chaos abandon entrenched behaviors constructive unknown territory unfulfilling unknown motivate dying chaos effective strategies stability dual terms unknown confronting overcome strategic value organization effectively statement direction energize strategic intent managements commitment organization distributing statement executives justification Ideally executives grabs engaging convincing strategic enormous value inspired Strategic Statement Innovative Leadership Effective Processes Motivating Organizational Desert occurs Traditionally universal mode existence population nonhunting cattleposts abundant leisure traditional governed comprised length leisurely unhurried / unhurriedly discipline wages belongs / traditional proceeds rotation traditional / democracy matters mutual concern enduring democracy conclusion prescient concentrated / limited corporations political exclusionary political institutions involvement Revolution republic vitality involvement republic Eventually blended / political political process representatives capital resistant / responsive organized democracy conducted democratic republic involvement republic survive prosper prescient assignment explore ventures firms assigned severe forward presentation presentation executives apologize apology introduction presentation identify bonding Typically tribe settlement screamed evolution seldom affection creativity sensitivity control essentially inclined control control control control depression damage immune linearly control optimum encouraged control yield control disregard immune recognize control persistently conquer encoded auditory sequences visually intervals sequence recall recalled resemble stimuli terms visually visually represented length sequence recognized pronounced represent suppose structural representing represented Inquiry analogy representation represented subtraction verbal cylinder entail statement linguistic structure Suppose corresponding exists visual subtraction entail structure linguistic analysis logical structure verbal distinct structurally differs destination introduction reinforcement destination accessible employ awareness resident population promote foster depend widespread social counteracted random violence outcomes guaranteed encourage international behaviour structure generate host structural awareness required foster motivation exploration curiosity explore explored perspective matter curiosity stimulated novelty novelty competence aspects primitive severely injured encounters separate continents rewards eastward unconsciously immigrants confirms nonverbal cues credible verbal cues verbal nonverbal cues conflict nonverbal features disagree nonverbal cues essential perception prompts nonverbal cues intent contradiction intent nonverbal cues leak reveal deception opposite deception sarcastic typically intends recognize sarcastic intent deception typically intends recognize deceptive intent attempting determine sarcastic verbal nonverbal opposition conclude sarcastic dynamic illustrated equal value convenience concern values relative constitute value behave value relative determined relative versus value conflict consistent value inconsistent equally value value conflict disposable consumption outcomes including manufacturer behaves experiment succeeds logically theoretically infinite progression underlying progression sequence gravity identity incidental assume Divine progress experiments sequence successive …… successive …… valuable controlled …… valuable incidental …… influential incidental ……
This is ⌘VOCAB_word+definition. 😹
○ distinct 별개의 ○ organization 조직 ○ evolution 진화 ○ opposition 반대 ○ aspects 측면방향 ○ motivation 동기 ○ relative 관련있는 ○ confirms 확인하다 ○ invisible 보이지 않는 ○ unknown 알려지지 않은 ○ motivate 동기부여하다 ○ strategic 전략적인 ○ sensitivity 민감성 ○ concerns 걱정 ○ ideally 이상적으로 ○ depression 저하/우울증 ○ successive 연속적인 ○ unstable 안정적이지 않은 ○ exclusionary 배제하는 ○ seldom 좀처럼 ..않다 ○ traditional 전통적인 ○ fostering 촉진/육성하다 ○ sequences 연속 ○ recalled 상기하다 ○ overcome 극복하다 ○ persistently 지속적으로 ○ primitive 원시의 ○ statement 진술 ○ suppose 가정하다 ○ typically 일반적으로 ○ differs 다르다 ○ strategies 전략 ○ conquer 정복하다 ○ underlying 기초하는 ○ ventures 모험 ○ consistent 지속적인 ○ foster 촉진/육성하다 ○ apologize 사과하다 ○ severely 심하게 ○ suppose 가정하다 ○ logical 논리적인 ○ experimental 실험의 ○ credible 믿을만한 ○ equally 똑같이 ○ inclined 경향이 있다 ○ behaviors 행동 ○ innovative 혁신적인 ○ convincing 확신시키다 ○ length 길이 ○ discipline 훈련 ○ host 주인 ○ justification 정당화 ○ recall 상기하다 ○ curiosity 호기심 ○ inspiring 영감을 주다 ○ blended 섞다/혼합하다 ○ confronting 닥치다 ○ potential 잠재적인 ○ force 강요/하게하다 ○ resistant 저항하는 ○ encouraged 격려하다/하게하다 ○ encourage 격려하다/하게하다 ○ recognize 인식하다 ○ effective 효과적인 ○ grabs 파악하다/잡다 ○ resident 거주자 ○ matters 중요하다/문제 ○ disregard 무시하다 ○ depend 의지하다 ○ exploration 탐험 ○ engaging 관여하다 ○ capital 수도 ○ literature 문학 ○ cattleposts ○ cattlepost ○ identity 신원 ○ represent 대표하다 ○ affective 감정의 ○ bonding 결속 ○ enduring 참다 ○ require 필요로하다/요구하다 ○ awareness 인식/의식 ○ population 인구 ○ apology 사과 ○ belongs 속하다 ○ prosper 번영 하다 ○ destination 목적지 ○ commitment 의무/위임 ○ verbal 말의 ○ intervals 간격 ○ dual 이중의 ○ recognized 인식하다 / ○ direction 방향 ○ unfulfilling 수행하지 않다 ○ logically 논리적으로 ○ random 무작위의 ○ forefront 선두 ○ entrenched 침범하다 ○ institutions 협회/단체 ○ control 통제 ○ guaranteed 보장하다 보증하다 ○ explore 탐구하다 ○ counteracted 반대로 작용하다 ○ reveal 드러내다 ○ strategic 전략적인 ○ survive 살아남다 ○ rotation 회전 ○ perception 인식 ○ demands 요구하다 ○ occurs 발생하다 ○ mode 방식 ○ comprised 포함하다 ○ linearly 선으로 ○ reinforcement 강화 ○ unhurried ○ stimulated 자극하다 ○ continents 대륙 ○ disagree 다르다 ○ values 가치 ○ represented 대표하다 ○ rewards 보상 ○ illustrated 묘사하다 ○ immune 면역력의 ○ damage 손해 ○ behave 행동하다 ○ interactive 쌍방향의 ○ valuable 소중한 ○ controlled 통제하다 ○ evolutionary 진화하는 ○ incidental 부수적인 ○ outcomes 결과 ○ visual 시각적인 …… ○ encounters 만나다 ○ imaginative 상상력이 ○ optimum 최적조건 ○ inspired 고무시키다 영감을 주다 ○ survival 생존 ○ tribe 부족 ○ inquiry 탐구 ○ injured 다치게 하다 ○ equal 같은 ○ democracy 민주주의 ○ assigned 맡기다 ○ generate 발생시키다 ○ governed 통치하다 ○ asleep 잠들어 ○ forward 앞으로 ○ involvement 관여 ○ visually 시각적으로 ○ determined 결심하다 ○ pronounced 발음하다 ○ presentation 발표 ○ intends 의도하다 ○ succeeds 성공하다 ○ infinite 무한한 ○ perspective 관점 ○ responsive 반응하는 ○ immigrants 이민 ○ abundant 풍부한 ○ leisurely 여유있는 ○ prescient 미리 아는 ○ unconsciously 무의식적으로 ○ deceptive 속이는 ○ divine 성스러운 ○ theoretically 이론적으로 ○ untouchable 만질 수 없는 ○ creativity 창의력 ○ existence 존재 ○ organized 정리하다 정리하다 ○ constructive 건설적인 ○ leisure 여가 ○ introduction 소개 ○ experiment 실험 ○ capacity 용량 ○ translating 통역하다 ○ inconsistent 일치하지 않는 ○ representing 대표하다 ○ identify 확인하다 ○ conclusion 결론 ○ contradiction 모순/반대 ○ progress 진보 ○ concern 걱정 ○ abandon ○ concentrated 집중하다 ○ subtraction 빼기 ○ analysis 분석 ○ employ 고용하다 ○ linguistic ○ experiments 실험 ○ dynamic 역동적인 ○ wages 임금 ○ universal 보편적인 ○ nonverbal 비언어적인 ○ firms 회사 ○ manufacturer 제조업자 ○ assignment 임무/숙제 ○ explored 탐구하다 ○ violence 폭력/위반 ○ eastward 동쪽으로 ○ sequence 연속 ○ accessible 접근하기쉬운 ○ process 처리하다 ○ stimuli 자극 ○ territory 영토 ○ disposable 쓰고 버릴수 있는 ○ stability 안정성 ○ resemble 닮다 ○ energize 힘을 주다 ○ vitality 활력/생명력 ○ motivating 동기부여하다 ○ auditory 청각의 ○ effective 효과적인 ○ managements 관리 ○ nonhunting ○ nonhunt ○ effectively 효과적으로 ○ essential 필수적인 ○ affection 애정 ○ behaviour 행동 ○ behaves 행동하다 ○ intent 의도 ○ influential 영향력 있는 ○ corporations 법인/회사 ○ desert 사막 ○ poetry 시 ○ severe 극심한 ○ matter 중요하다/문제 ○ distributing 분배하다 ○ social 사회의 ○ republic 공화국 ○ novelty 새로움 ○ deception 속임 ○ statement 진술 ○ essentially 본질적으로 ○ encoded 암호화하다 ○ structural 구조적인 ○ political 정치의 ○ organizational 조직의 ○ preserving 보존하다 ○ value 가치 ○ processes 과정 ○ international 국제적인 ○ corresponding 해당하는 대응하다 ○ eventually 결국 ○ convenience 편리함 ○ promote 장려/승진시키다 ○ dying 죽는 ○ unhurriedly 느긋하게 ○ competence 능력 ○ executives 행정부/이사 ○ analogy 유사성 ○ sarcastic 빈정대는 ○ screamed 비명을 지르다 ○ separate 분리된 ○ experimentation 실험 ○ conclude 결론을 ○ chaos 혼돈 ○ settlement 정착 ○ nonsense 무의미한 말/행동 ○ limited 제한 ○ attempting 시도 ○ demanding 요구하다 ○ translating 통역하다 ○ yield 생산하다/양보 ○ features 특징 ○ including 포함하여 (전치사)포함하여 ○ proceeds 계속하다 ○ prompts 즉석의 ○ opposite 반대쪽의 ○ determine 결심하다 ○ versus ○ vs. ○ traditionally 전통적으로 ○ structurally 구조적으로 ○ leadership 대표직 ○ cues 신호/암시 ○ terms 용어 ○ widespread 광범위한 ○ democratic 민주주의의 ○ stable 안정된 ○ consumption 소비 ○ gravity 중력 ○ entail 수반하다/필요로 하다 ○ assume 가정하다 가정하다 ○ revolution 혁명 ○ translator 번역가 ○ progression 전진/진행 ○ enormous 큰 ○ mutual 상호 ○ cylinder 기둥/원통 ○ leak 새다 ○ typically 일반적으로 ○ representatives ○ conducted 수행하다 ○ representation 표시/대표 ○ constitute 구성하다 ○ structure 구조 ○ exists 존재하다 ○ conflict 대립 ○ required 필요로하다/요구하다
This is ⌘READING. 😎
COLOR⇢ ◼︎키워드 ◼︎연결어 ◼︎방향성 ◼︎접속사 ◼︎등위접속사 ◼︎전치사 ◼︎기본동사
#20 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은? My barely-five-year-old son couldn’t go to bed one night until he wrote “I love you Mom” on a piece of paper. Pajamas on, redcrayon in hand, he was very determined. A few mixed-up letters, a couple of crumpled papers, and some help from Daddy later, he handed me his heart on the page. Then, finally, he relaxed enough to fall asleep. Sometimes, saying how you feel just isn’t enough. Spoken words are invisible and untouchable. Write it down, however, and you can see it, feel it, hold it, keep it forever. Although we may think it, we can’t really give someone our heart. But by writing, we can give someone our heart on a page. A love note is a piece of paper that is a little piece of your heart. Teach your child how to write love notes, and I promise you will have many, many happy returns. ① 자녀의 활동에 동참하여 유대감을 강화하라. ② 자녀가 글을 통해 마음을 표현하도록 가르치라. ③ 자녀가 부모의 사랑을 느낄 수 있도록 행동하라. ④ 자녀에게 대화를 통해 자연스럽게 감정을 표현하라. ⑤ 자녀의 인지 능력 향상을 위해 글쓰기 교육을 하라. #21 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은? One of the most demanding, and at the same time inspiring, aspects of translating for children is the potential for such creativity that arises from what Peter Hollindale has called the ‘childness’ of children’s texts: ‘the quality of being a child ― dynamic, imaginative, experimental, interactive and unstable’. The ‘unstable’ qualities of childhood that Hollindale cites require a writer or translator to have an understanding of the freshness of language to the child’s eye and ear, the child’s affective concerns and the linguistic and dramatic play of early childhood. Translating sound, for example, whether in the read-aloud qualities of books for the younger child, in animal noises, children’s poetry or in nonsense rhymes, demands imaginative solutions ― as indeed does working with visual material. Such multi-faceted creativity has, at times, placed children’s literature at the forefront of imaginative experimentation. ① 아동문학 번역에서는 아동의 특성에 기반을 둔 창의성이 요구된다. ② 아동문학 속 다양한 의성어는 아동의 창의성 발달에 도움이 된다. ③ 아동문학 번역가는 아동의 태도를 긍정적으로 변화시키는 데 기여한다. ④ 아동문학가는 아동의 성장 과정을 구체적으로 표현할 수 있어야 한다. ⑤ 아동문학은 아동 언어 발달에 도움이 되는 다양한 요소들을 담고 있다. #22 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? From an evolutionary perspective, fear has contributed to both fostering and limiting change, and to preserving the species. We are programmed to be afraid. It is a survival need, as is stability, which is another force of nature that can limit the capacity to change. Stable patterns are necessary lest we live in chaos; however, they make it difficult to abandon entrenched behaviors, even those that are no longer useful, constructive, or health creating. And fear can keep you from changing when you don’t want to risk a step into unknown territory; for example, some people choose not to leave an unfulfilling job or a failing relationship because they fear the unknown more than the known. On the other hand, fear can also motivate change in order to avoid something you’re afraid of, such as dying young ― as one of your parents might have. ① fear’s negative roles in cases of chaos ② effective strategies for maintaining stability ③ fear and its dual functions in terms of change ④ the necessities of reducing a fear of the unknown ⑤ ways of confronting fear to overcome difficulties in life #23 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? A strategic vision has little value to the organization unless it’s effectively communicated down the line to lower-level managers and employees. It would be difficult for a vision statement to provide direction to decision makers and energize employees toward achieving long-term strategic intent unless they know of the vision and observe management’s commitment to that vision. Communicating the vision to organization members nearly always means putting “where we are going and why” in writing, distributing the statement organizationwide, and having executives personally explain the vision and its justification to as many people as possible. Ideally, executives should present their vision for the company in a manner that reaches out and grabs people’s attention. An engaging and convincing strategic vision has enormous motivational value ― for the same reason that a stone mason is inspired by building a great cathedral for the ages. ① What Makes a Strategic Vision Successful? ② Why Is Creating a Vision Statement Difficult? ③ Building a Future: Innovative Leadership Training ④ Effective Decision-Making Processes in Organizations ⑤ Motivating Employees through Organizational Development #25 !Kung San에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? The !Kung San, also known as the Bushmen, live in the Kalahari Desert in southern Africa. The “!K” in the name “!Kung” is like the sound that occurs when a cork is pulled from a bottle. Traditionally, they lived by hunting and gathering, the way of life that was the universal mode of human existence until 10,000 years ago. The total population of the !Kung San in 1986 was about 15,000, with most of them living in nonhunting and gathering situations on cattleposts or farms. The !Kung San in the Dobe area of Botswana were divided into twenty five groups with a mean size of eighteen to twenty people. The !Kung San in that area had abundant food supply and a lot of leisure time. The main food crop was the wild mongongo nut, millions of which were harvested every year. ① 남부 아프리카 Kalahari 사막에 산다. ② 이름 속 “!K”는 병에서 코르크 마개를 뽑을 때 나는 소리와 유사하다. ③ 1986년에 전체 인구가 약 15,000명이었다. ④ Botswana의 Dobe 지역에서는 25개의 그룹으로 나뉘어 있었다. ⑤ Dobe 지역에서 식량은 부족했지만 여가 시간은 많았다. #28 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은? Like life in traditional society, but unlike other team sports, baseball is not governed by the clock. A football game is comprised of exactly sixty minutes of play, a basketball game forty or forty-eight minutes, but baseball has no set length of time within which the game must be completed. The pace of the game is therefore leisurely and (A) [unhurried / unhurriedly], like the world before the discipline of measured time, deadlines, schedules, and wages paid by the hour. Baseball belongs to the kind of world (B) [which / in which] people did not say, “I haven’t got all day.” Baseball games do have all day to be played. But that does not mean that they can go on forever. Baseball, like traditional life, proceeds according to the rhythm of nature, specifically the rotation of the Earth. During its first half century, games were not played at night, which meant that baseball games, like the traditional work day, (C) [ending / ended] when the sun set. #29 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은? You can’t have a democracy if you can’t talk with your neighbors about matters of mutual interest or concern. Thomas Jefferson, who had an enduring interest in democracy, came to a similar conclusion. He was prescient in understanding the dangers of (A) [concentrated / limited] power, whether in corporations or in political leaders or exclusionary political institutions. Direct involvement of citizens was what had made the American Revolution possible and given the new republic vitality and hope for the future. Without that involvement, the republic would die. Eventually, he saw a need for the nation to be (B) [blended / subdivided] into “wards” ― political units so small that everyone living there could participate directly in the political process. The representatives for each ward in the capital would have to be (C) [resistant / responsive] to citizens organized in this way. A vibrant democracy conducted locally would then provide the active basic unit for the democratic life of the republic. With that kind of involvement, the republic might survive and prosper. * prescient: 선견지명이 있는 ** vibrant: 활력이 넘치는 #30 밑줄 친 부분이 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은? Harumi Tanaka, from Osaka, Japan, had accepted an assignment in Boston. His task was to explore the possibility of developing joint ventures with American firms. ① He had been invited by one company to spend a month there and had been assigned an office and a research assistant. Harumi agreed on a Monday to present a business plan the following Friday. On Tuesday, the computers in the company crashed, and the research assistant called in sick with a severe case of the flu. Still, Harumi pushed forward and presented ② his plan on Friday. He began his presentation, “I’m sorry that ③ I am not well prepared. This meeting may not be a good use of your time.” He then went into a clear, interesting presentation. After the meeting, one of the American executives said, “④ I don’t know why you had to apologize. Everyone knows about the computer crash and your assistant’s illness.” Harumi responded that he thought that the apology would be a good introduction to ⑤ his presentation. #31. A sleeping mother has the ability to identify the particular cry of her own baby. This is one of the bonding factors that has been forgotten because of the way in which we live today. Typically, there is now only one newborn baby in any family house or apartment, so there is no way to test this ability. In an ancient tribe, however, living in small huts in a tiny village settlement, a mother would have been able to hear any of the babies crying in the night. If she woke up every time one of them screamed for food, she might get no sleep at all. During the course of evolution she became programmed to awake only at the sound of her own particular baby. This ______ is still there to this day, even though it is seldom used. ① affection ② creativity ③ sociability④ intolerance ⑤ sensitivity #32. When people try to control situations that are essentially uncontrollable, they are inclined to experience high levels of stress. Thus, suggesting that they need to take active control is bad advice in those situations. What they need to do is to accept that some things are beyond their control. Similarly, teaching people to accept a situation that could readily be changed could be bad advice; sometimes the only way to get what you want is to take active control. Research has shown that when people who feel helpless fail to take control, they experience negative emotional states such as anxiety and depression. Like stress, these negative emotions can damage the immune response. We can see from this that health is not linearly related to control. For optimum health, people should be encouraged to take control to a point ______. ① but to yield to the situations within their control ② but to disregard immune response when stressed ③ but to recognize when further control is impossible ④ and to fight against uncontrollable situations persistently ⑤ and to try harder to conquer uncontrollable stressful situations #33. A good deal of the information stored in working memory is encoded in an auditory form, especially when the information is language based. For example, in an early study by Conrad, adults were shown six-letter sequences, with letters being presented visually, one at a time, at intervals of three-fourths of a second. As soon as the last letter of a sequence had been presented, participants in the study wrote down all six of the letters they had seen, guessing at any letters they couldn’t easily recall. When people recalled letters incorrectly, the letters they said they had seen were more likely to resemble the actual stimuli in terms of ______. For example, the letter F was “remembered” as the auditorially similar letter S 131 times but as the visually similar letter P only 14 times. Similarly, the letter V was remembered as B 56 times but as X only 5 times. ① how the letters were visually represented ② how the letters sounded than how they looked ③ how the length of the letter sequence was recognized ④ how the letters were ordered than how they were pronounced ⑤ how often the letters appeared than how long they were shown #34. Even if it is correct to say that we express and represent our thoughts in language, it may be a big mistake to suppose that there are structural similarities between what is doing the representing and what is represented. Robert Stalnaker, in his book Inquiry, suggests an analogy with the representation of numbers: The number 9 can be represented as ‘12—3’ but it does not follow that 12, 3, or subtraction are constituents of the number 9. We could compare a thought and its verbal expression with toothpaste and its ‘expression’ from a tube. That the result of expressing toothpaste is a long, thin, cylinder does not entail that toothpaste itself is long, thin, or cylindrical. Similarly, a thought might get expressed out loud in a statement with a particular linguistic structure. It does not follow that ______. Suppose, for example, that I look at a fruit bowl, and think that there is an apple and an orange in that bowl. The objects in front of my eyes include some pieces of fruit and a bowl, but no object corresponding to the word ‘and’ exists either in the world or in my visual image. * subtraction: 빼기 ** entail: 의미(함의)하다 ① the thought itself has such a structure ② linguistic analysis of a thought is unlikely ③ the language in mind lacks a logical structure ④ a thought and its verbal expression are distinct ⑤ the sentence structurally differs from the thought #35 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은? The pull effect of a destination can be positively influenced by the introduction and reinforcement of pro-tourism policies that make a destination more accessible. ① Governments, for example, can and often do employ awareness campaigns among the resident population to promote a welcoming attitude towards visitors, in order to foster a positive market image. ② However, because such campaigns depend on widespread social engineering, and because their effects can be counteracted by random acts of violence, positive outcomes cannot be guaranteed. ③ Most governments in developing countries encourage international tourism because tourists from wealthy countries usually spend more. ④ Furthermore, it is the behaviour of some tourists, and the structure and development of tourism itself, that often generate negative attitudes within the host community. ⑤ This implies that major structural changes to tourism itself, rather than awareness campaigns, may be required to foster a welcoming attitude. #36. Psychologists Dember and Earl suggested that the motivation for exploration had its roots in a curiosity drive. (A) This is very important for understanding why people will often return to explore things that they explored before or do things they have done before. In our daily lives, for example, we might decide to listen to a piece of music that we have listened to many times. (B) By returning to that music with a new or fresh perspective, perhaps as a result of listening to other music, we find something new and interesting. One reason that people can play a card game such as bridge over and over is that no matter how many times you have played the game, it will be different in some way. (C) They suggested that curiosity is stimulated by novelty and argued that novelty is in the eye of the beholder. We could have seen something many times before, but as the result of having new skills or competence, we discover new or different aspects of that object. #37. The hunters, armed only with primitive weapons, were no real match for an angry mammoth. Many were probably killed or severely injured in the close encounters that were necessary to slay one of these gigantic animals. (A) Some of them may have traveled by small boat along the coast, but many walked. Twenty thousand years ago, at the height of the last glacial period, sea level was so low that dry land joined what are now separate continents. (B) But the rewards were great when one was brought down. A single mammoth could feed, clothe, and supply a band for a long time. The hunters had followed the mammoths and other large animals eastward from Asia across what is now the Bering Sea. (C) Slowly, imperceptibly, and probably unconsciously, hunters had moved across the land bridge and become the first immigrants to the new land. Without the ice age, North America might have remained unpopulated for thousands of years more. * slay: 죽이다 #38. Even so, research confirms the finding that nonverbal cues are more credible than verbal cues, especially when verbal and nonverbal cues conflict. Researchers have reported various nonverbal features of sarcasm. ( ① ) Most disagree as to whether nonverbal cues are essential to the perception of sarcasm or the emotion that prompts it. ( ② ) Also, nonverbal cues are better indicators of speaker intent. ( ③ ) As the nature of sarcasm implies a contradiction between intent and message, nonverbal cues may “leak” and reveal the speaker’s true mood as they do in deception. ( ④ ) Ostensibly, sarcasm is the opposite of deception in that a sarcastic speaker typically intends the receiver to recognize the sarcastic intent; whereas, in deception the speaker typically intends that the receiver not recognize the deceptive intent. ( ⑤ ) Thus, when communicators are attempting to determine if a speaker is sarcastic, they compare the verbal and nonverbal message and if the two are in opposition, communicators may conclude that the speaker is being sarcastic. * sarcasm: 비꼼 ** ostensibly: 표면상 #39. This dynamic can be illustrated with the example of parents who place equal value on convenience and concern for the environment. Our total set of values and their relative importance to us constitute our value system. ( ① ) The way that we behave in a given situation is often influenced by how important one value is to us relative to others. ( ② ) For instance, deciding whether to spend Saturday afternoon relaxing with your family or exercising will be determined by the relative importance that you place on family versus health. ( ③ ) You feel value conflict when you do something that is consistent with one value but inconsistent with another equally important value. ( ④ ) They may experience value conflict if they buy disposable diapers for their babies. ( ⑤ ) Consumers facing such decisions consider not only the product’s immediate consumption outcomes but also the product’s general effect on society, including how the manufacturer behaves (e.g., toward the environment). * diaper: 기저귀 #40 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? In science one experiment, whether it succeeds or fails, is logically followed by another in a theoretically infinite progression. According to the underlying myth of modern science, this progression is always replacing the smaller knowledge of the past with the larger knowledge of the present, which will be replaced by the yet larger knowledge of the future. In the arts, by contrast, no limitless sequence of works is ever implied or looked for. No work of art is necessarily followed by a second work that is necessarily better. Given the methodologies of science, the law of gravity and the genome were bound to be discovered by somebody; the identity of the discoverer is incidental to the fact. But it appears that in the arts there are no second chances. We must assume that we had one chance each for The Divine Comedy and King Lear. If Dante and Shakespeare had died before they wrote those works, nobody ever would have written them. [요약] While scientific knowledge is believed to progress through _____ experiments, an artistic work tends to be _____ to its creator with no limitless sequence implied. ① successive …… unique ② successive …… valuable ③ controlled …… valuable ④ incidental …… influential ⑤ incidental …… unique
This is ⌘Cloze. Fill in the blanks. 😉
#20 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
My (barely )-five-year-old son couldn’t go to bed one night until he wrote “I love you Mom” on a piece of paper.
Pajamas on, redcrayon in hand, he was very (determined ).
A few mixed-up letters, a couple of crumpled papers, and some help from Daddy later, he handed me his heart on the page.
Then, finally, he relaxed (enough to ) fall (asleep ).
Sometimes, saying how you feel just isn’t enough.
Spoken words are (invisible ) and (untouchable ).
Write it down, however, and you can see it, feel it, (hold ) it, keep it forever.
Although we may think it, we can’t really give someone our heart.
But by writing, we can give someone our heart on a page.
A love note is a piece of paper that is a little piece of your heart.
Teach your child how to write love notes, and I promise you will have many, many happy returns.
#21 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
One of the most (demanding ), and at the same time (inspiring ), (aspects ) of (translating ) for children is the (potential ) for such (creativity ) that (arises ) from what Peter Hollindale has (called ) the ‘childness’ of children’s texts: ‘the quality of being a child ― (dynamic ), (imaginative ), (experimental ), (interactive ) and (unstable )’.
The ‘(unstable )’ qualities of childhood that Hollindale cites (require ) a writer or (translator ) to have an understanding of the freshness of language to the child’s eye and ear, the child’s (affective ) (concerns ) and the (linguistic ) and dramatic play of early childhood.
(Translating ) sound, for example, whether in the read-(aloud ) qualities of books for the younger child, in animal noises, children’s (poetry ) or in (nonsense ) rhymes, (demands ) (imaginative ) solutions ― as (indeed ) does working with (visual ) material.
Such multi-faceted (creativity ) has, at times, placed children’s (literature ) at the (forefront ) of (imaginative ) (experimentation ).
#22 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
From an (evolutionary ) (perspective ), fear has (contributed to ) both (fostering ) and limiting change, and (to preserving ) the species.
We are (programmed to ) be afraid.
It is a (survival ) need, as is (stability ), which is another (force ) of nature that can limit the (capacity ) to change.
(Stable ) patterns are necessary (lest ) we live in (chaos ); however, they (make it ) difficult to (abandon ) (entrenched ) (behaviors ), even those that are no longer useful, (constructive ), or health creating.
And fear can keep you from changing when you don’t want to risk a step into (unknown ) (territory ); for example, some people choose not to leave an (unfulfilling ) job or a failing relationship because they fear the (unknown ) more than the known.
On the other hand, fear can also (motivate ) change in order to avoid something you’re afraid of, such as (dying ) young ― as one of your parents might have.
#23 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
A (strategic ) vision has little (value ) to the (organization ) (unless ) it’s (effectively ) communicated down the line to (lower )-level managers and (employees ).
It would be difficult for a vision (statement ) to provide (direction ) to decision makers and (energize ) (employees ) (toward ) achieving s007long-terme007 (strategic ) (intent ) (unless ) they know of the vision and observe (management )’s (commitment ) to that vision.
Communicating the vision to (organization ) members nearly always means putting “where we are going and why” in writing, (distributing ) the (statement ) organizationwide, and having (executives ) (personally ) explain the vision and its (justification ) (to as ) many people as possible.
(Ideally ), (executives ) should present their vision for the company in a manner that (reaches ) out and (grabs ) people’s attention.
An (engaging ) and (convincing ) (strategic ) vision has (enormous ) motivational (value ) ― for the same reason that a stone mason is (inspired ) by building a great cathedral for the ages.
#25 !Kung San에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
The !Kung San, also (known as ) the Bushmen, live in the Kalahari (Desert ) in southern Africa.
The “!K” in the name “!Kung” is like the sound that (occurs ) when a cork is pulled from a bottle.
(Traditionally ), they lived by hunting and gathering, the way of life that was the (universal ) (mode ) of human (existence ) until 10,000 years ago.
The total (population ) of the !Kung San in 1986 was about 15,000, with most of them living in (nonhunting ) and gathering situations on (cattleposts ) or farms.
The !Kung San in the Dobe area of Botswana were divided into twenty five groups with a mean size of eighteen to twenty people.
The !Kung San in that area had (abundant ) food supply and a lot of (leisure ) time.
The main food crop was the wild mongongo nut, millions of which were harvested every year.
#28 , , 의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Like life in (traditional ) society, but (unlike ) other team sports, baseball is not (governed ) by the clock.
A football game is (comprised ) of exactly sixty minutes of play, a basketball game forty or forty-eight minutes, but baseball has no set (length ) of time within which the game must be (completed ).
The pace of the game is (therefore ) (leisurely ) and [(unhurried ) / (unhurriedly )], like the world before the (discipline ) of measured time, deadlines, (schedules ), and (wages ) paid by the hour.
Baseball (belongs ) to the kind of world [which / in which] people did not say, “I haven’t got all day.”
Baseball games do have all day to be played.
But that does not mean that they can go on forever.
Baseball, like (traditional ) life, (proceeds ) according to the rhythm of nature, (specifically ) the (rotation ) of the Earth.
During its first half century, games were not played at night, which meant that baseball games, like the (traditional ) work day, [ending / ended] when the sun set.
#29 어휘
You can’t have a (democracy ) if you can’t talk with your neighbors about (matters ) of (mutual ) interest or (concern ).
Thomas Jefferson, who had an (enduring ) interest in (democracy ), came to a similar (conclusion ).
He was (prescient ) in understanding the dangers of [(concentrated ) / (limited )] power, whether in (corporations ) or in (political ) leaders or (exclusionary ) (political ) (institutions ).
Direct (involvement ) of citizens was what had made the American (Revolution ) possible and given the new (republic ) (vitality ) and hope for the future.
Without that (involvement ), the (republic ) would die.
(Eventually ), he saw a need for the nation to be [(blended ) / subdivided] into “wards” ― (political ) units so small that everyone living there could participate directly in the (political ) (process ).
The (representatives ) for each ward in the (capital ) would have to be [(resistant ) / (responsive )] to citizens (organized ) in this way.
A vibrant (democracy ) (conducted ) locally would then provide the active basic unit for the (democratic ) life of the (republic ).
With that kind of (involvement ), the (republic ) might (survive ) and (prosper ).
#30 밑줄 친 부분이 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?
Harumi Tanaka, from Osaka, Japan, had accepted an (assignment ) in Boston.
His task was to (explore ) the possibility of developing joint (ventures ) with American (firms ).
He had been invited by one company to spend a month there and had been (assigned ) an office and a research assistant.
Harumi agreed on a Monday to present a business plan the (following ) Friday.
On Tuesday, the computers in the company crashed, and the research assistant (called ) in sick with a (severe ) case of the flu.
Still, Harumi pushed (forward ) and presented his plan on Friday.
He began his (presentation ), “I’m sorry that I am not well prepared.
This meeting may not be a good use of your time.”
He then went into a clear, interesting (presentation ).
After the meeting, one of the American (executives ) said, “ I don’t know why you had to (apologize ).
Everyone knows about the computer crash and your assistant’s illness.”
Harumi responded that he thought that the (apology ) would be a good (introduction ) to his (presentation ).
#31.
A sleeping mother has the ability to (identify ) the (particular ) cry of her own baby.
This is one of the (bonding ) factors that has been forgotten (because of ) the way in which we live today.
(Typically ), there is now only one newborn baby in any family house or apartment, so there is no way to test this ability.
In an ancient (tribe ), however, living in small huts in a tiny village (settlement ), a mother would have been able to hear any of the babies crying in the night.
If she woke up every time one of them (screamed ) for food, she might get no sleep at all.
During the course of (evolution ) she became (programmed to ) awake only at the sound of her own (particular ) baby.
This ______ is still there to this day, even though it is (seldom ) used.
(affection ) (creativity ) sociability intolerance (sensitivity )
#32.
When people try to (control ) situations that are (essentially ) uncontrollable, they are (inclined ) to experience high levels of stress.
Thus, (suggesting ) that they need to take active (control ) is bad advice in those situations.
What they need to do is to accept that some things are (beyond ) their (control ).
Similarly, teaching people to accept a situation that could (readily ) be changed could be bad advice; sometimes the only way to get what you want is to take active (control ).
Research has shown that when people who feel helpless (fail to ) take (control ), they experience negative emotional (states ) such as anxiety and (depression ).
Like stress, these negative emotions can (damage ) the (immune )( response ).
We can see from this that health is not (linearly ) (related ) to (control ).
For (optimum ) health, people should be (encouraged ) to take (control ) to a point ______.
but to (yield ) to the situations within their (control )
but to (disregard ) (immune )( response ) when stressed
but to (recognize ) when (further ) (control ) is impossible
and to fight against uncontrollable situations (persistently )
and to try (harder ) to (conquer ) uncontrollable stressful situations
#33.
A good deal of the information stored in working memory is (encoded ) in an (auditory ) form, especially when the information is language (based ).
For example, in an early study by Conrad, adults were shown six-letter (sequences ), with letters being presented (visually ), one at a time, at (intervals ) of three-fourths of a second.
As soon as the last letter of a (sequence ) had been presented, participants in the study wrote down all six of the letters they had seen, guessing at any letters they couldn’t easily (recall ).
When people (recalled ) letters incorrectly, the letters they said they had seen were more (likely ) to (resemble ) the actual (stimuli ) in (terms ) of ______.
For example, the letter F was “remembered” as the auditorially similar letter S 131 times but as the (visually ) similar letter P only 14 times.
Similarly, the letter V was (remembered as ) B 56 times but as X only 5 times.
how the letters were (visually ) (represented )
how the letters sounded than how they looked
how the (length ) of the letter (sequence ) was (recognized )
how the letters were ordered than how they were (pronounced )
how often the letters (appeared ) than how long they were shown
#34.
Even if it is correct to say that we express and (represent ) our thoughts in language, it may be a big mistake to (suppose ) that there are (structural ) similarities between what is doing the (representing ) and what is (represented ).
Robert Stalnaker, in his book (Inquiry ), (suggests ) an (analogy ) with the (representation ) of numbers: (The number ) 9 can be (represented ) as ‘12—3’ but it does not (follow ) that 12, 3, or (subtraction ) are constituents of (the number ) 9.
We could compare a thought and its (verbal ) expression with toothpaste and its ‘expression’ from a tube.
That the result of expressing toothpaste is a long, thin, (cylinder ) does not (entail ) that toothpaste (itself ) is long, thin, or cylindrical.
Similarly, a thought might get expressed out loud in a (statement ) with a (particular ) (linguistic ) (structure ).
It does not (follow ) that ______.
(Suppose ), for example, that I look at a fruit bowl, and think that there is an apple and an orange in that bowl.
The (objects ) in front of my eyes include some pieces of fruit and a bowl, but no (object ) (corresponding ) to the word ‘and’ (exists ) (either ) in the world or in my (visual ) image.
the thought (itself ) has such a (structure )
(linguistic ) (analysis ) of a thought is (unlikely )
the language in mind lacks a (logical ) (structure )
a thought and its (verbal ) expression are (distinct )
the (sentence ) (structurally ) (differs ) from the thought
#35 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?
The pull effect of a (destination ) can be positively influenced by the (introduction ) and (reinforcement ) of pro-tourism policies that make a (destination ) more (accessible ).
Governments, for example, can and often do (employ ) (awareness ) campaigns among the (resident ) (population ) to (promote ) a welcoming attitude (towards ) visitors, in order to (foster ) a positive market image.
However, because such campaigns (depend ) on (widespread ) (social ) engineering, and because their effects can be (counteracted ) by (random ) acts of (violence ), positive (outcomes ) cannot be (guaranteed ).
Most governments in developing countries (encourage ) (international ) tourism because tourists from wealthy countries usually spend more.
Furthermore, it is the (behaviour ) of some tourists, and the (structure ) and development of tourism (itself ), that often (generate ) negative attitudes within the (host ) community.
This implies that major (structural ) changes to tourism (itself ), (rather ) than (awareness ) campaigns, may be (required ) to (foster ) a welcoming attitude.
#38.
Researchers have reported various (nonverbal ) (features ) of sarcasm.
Even so, research (confirms ) the finding that (nonverbal ) (cues ) are more (credible ) than (verbal ) (cues ), especially when (verbal ) and (nonverbal ) (cues ) (conflict ).
Most (disagree ) as to whether (nonverbal ) (cues ) are (essential ) to the (perception ) of sarcasm or the emotion that (prompts ) it.
Also, (nonverbal ) (cues ) are (better ) indicators of speaker (intent ).
As the nature of sarcasm implies a (contradiction ) between (intent ) and message, (nonverbal ) (cues ) may “(leak )” and (reveal ) the speaker’s true mood as they do in (deception ).
Ostensibly, sarcasm is the (opposite ) of (deception ) in that a (sarcastic ) speaker (typically ) (intends ) the receiver to (recognize ) the (sarcastic ) (intent ); (whereas ), in (deception ) the speaker (typically ) (intends ) that the receiver not (recognize ) the (deceptive ) (intent ).
Thus, when communicators are (attempting ) to (determine ) if a speaker is (sarcastic ), they compare the (verbal ) and (nonverbal ) message and if the two are in (opposition ), communicators may (conclude ) that the speaker is being (sarcastic ).
#39.
Our total set of (values ) and their (relative ) importance to us (constitute ) our (value ) system.
This (dynamic ) can be (illustrated ) with the example of parents who place (equal ) (value ) on (convenience ) and (concern ) for the environment.
The way that we (behave ) in a given situation is often influenced by how important one (value ) is to us (relative ) to others.
For instance, deciding whether to spend Saturday afternoon relaxing with your family or exercising will be (determined ) by the (relative ) importance that you place on family (versus ) health.
You feel (value ) (conflict ) when you do something that is (consistent ) with one (value ) but (inconsistent ) with another (equally ) important (value ).
They may experience (value ) (conflict ) if they buy (disposable ) diapers for their babies.
Consumers facing such decisions (consider ) not only the product’s immediate (consumption ) (outcomes ) but also the product’s general effect on society, (including ) how the (manufacturer ) (behaves ) (e.g., (toward ) the environment).
#40 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다.
In science one (experiment ), whether it (succeeds ) or fails, is (logically ) (followed ) by another in a (theoretically ) (infinite ) (progression ).
According to the (underlying ) (myth ) of modern science, this (progression ) is always replacing the smaller knowledge of the past with the larger knowledge of the present, which will be replaced by the yet larger knowledge of the future.
In the arts, by contrast, no limitless (sequence ) of works is ever implied or looked for.
No work of art is (necessarily ) (followed ) by a second work that is (necessarily ) (better ).
Given the methodologies of science, the law of (gravity ) and the genome were bound to be discovered by somebody; the (identity ) of the discoverer is (incidental ) to the fact.
But it (appears ) that in the arts there are no second chances.
We must (assume ) that we had one chance each for The (Divine ) Comedy and King Lear.
If Dante and Shakespeare had died before they wrote those works, (nobody ) ever would have written them.
This is ⌘Orgin. Fill in the blanks. 😍
#20 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
My barely-five-year-old son couldn’t go to bed one night ⚠️ [접속사]until he wrote “I love you Mom” on a piece of paper.
Pajamas on, redcrayon in hand, he was very determined.
A few mixed-up letters, a couple of crumpled papers, and some help from Daddy later, he handed me his heart on the page.
Then, ⚠️ [연결사]finally , he relaxed enough to fall asleep.
Sometimes, saying ⚠️ [접속사]how you feel just isn’t enough.
Spoken words are invisible and untouchable.
Write it down, ⚠️ [연결사]however , and you can see it, feel it, hold it, keep it forever.
⚠️ [접속사]Although we may think it, we can’t really give someone our heart.
But by writing, we can give someone our heart on a page.
A love note is a piece of paper ⚠️ [접속사]that is a little piece of your heart.
Teach your child ⚠️ [접속사]how to write love notes, and I promise you will have many, many happy returns.
#21 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
One of the most demanding, and at the same time inspiring, aspects of translating for children is the potential for such creativity ⚠️ [접속사]that arises from ⚠️ [접속사]what Peter Hollindale has called the ‘childness’ of children’s texts: ‘the quality of being a child ― dynamic, imaginative, experimental, interactive and unstable’.
The ‘unstable’ qualities of childhood ⚠️ [접속사]that Hollindale cites require a writer or translator to have an understanding of the freshness of language to the child’s eye and ear, the child’s affective concerns and the linguistic and dramatic play of early childhood.
Translating sound, ⚠️ [연결사]for example , whether in the read-aloud qualities of books for the younger child, in animal noises, children’s poetry or in nonsense rhymes, demands imaginative solutions ― as indeed does working with visual material.
Such multi-faceted creativity has, at times, placed children’s literature at the forefront of imaginative experimentation.
#22 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
From an evolutionary perspective, fear has contributed to both fostering and limiting change, and to preserving the species.
We are programmed to be afraid.
It is a survival need, as is stability, ⚠️ [접속사]which is another force of nature ⚠️ [접속사]that can limit the capacity to change.
Stable patterns are necessary lest we live in chaos; ⚠️ [연결사]however , they make it difficult to abandon entrenched behaviors, even those ⚠️ [접속사]that are no longer useful, constructive, or health creating.
And fear can keep you from changing when you don’t want to risk a step into unknown territory; ⚠️ [연결사]for example , some people choose not to leave an unfulfilling job or a failing relationship because they fear the unknown more than the known.
⚠️ [연결사]On the other hand , fear can also motivate change ⚠️ [접속사]in order to avoid something you’re afraid of, such as dying young ― as one of your parents might have.
#23 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
A strategic vision has little value to the organization ⚠️ [접속사]unless it’s effectively communicated down the line to lower-level managers and employees.
It would be difficult for a vision statement to provide direction to decision makers and energize employees toward achieving long-term strategic intent ⚠️ [접속사]unless they know of the vision and observe management’s commitment to ⚠️ [접속사]that vision.
Communicating the vision to organization members nearly always means putting “⚠️ [접속사]where we are going and ⚠️ [접속사]why ” in writing, distributing the statement organizationwide, and having executives personally explain the vision and its justification to as many people as possible.
Ideally, executives should present their vision for the company in a manner ⚠️ [접속사]that reaches out and grabs people’s attention.
An engaging and convincing strategic vision has enormous motivational value ― for the same reason ⚠️ [접속사]that a stone mason is inspired by building a great cathedral for the ages.
#25 !Kung San에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
The !Kung San, also known as the Bushmen, live in the Kalahari Desert in southern Africa.
The “!K” in the name “!Kung” is like the sound ⚠️ [접속사]that occurs when a cork is pulled from a bottle.
Traditionally, they lived by hunting and gathering, the way of life ⚠️ [접속사]that was the universal mode of human existence ⚠️ [접속사]until 10,000 years ago.
The total population of the !Kung San in 1986 was about 15,000, with most of them living in nonhunting and gathering situations on cattleposts or farms.
The !Kung San in the Dobe area of Botswana were divided into twenty five groups with a mean size of eighteen to twenty people.
The !Kung San in ⚠️ [접속사]that area had abundant food supply and a lot of leisure time.
The main food crop was the wild mongongo nut, millions of ⚠️ [접속사]which were harvested every year.
#28 , , 의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Like life in traditional society, but unlike other team sports, baseball is not governed by the clock.
A football game is comprised of exactly sixty minutes of play, a basketball game forty or forty-eight minutes, but baseball has no set length of time within ⚠️ [접속사]which the game must be completed.
The pace of the game is therefore leisurely and [unhurried / unhurriedly], like the world before the discipline of measured time, deadlines, schedules, and wages paid by the hour.
Baseball belongs to the kind of world [⚠️ [접속사]which / in ⚠️ [접속사]which ] people did not say, “I haven’t got all day.”
Baseball games do have all day to be played.
But ⚠️ [접속사]that does not mean ⚠️ [접속사]that they can go on forever.
Baseball, like traditional life, proceeds according to the rhythm of nature, specifically the rotation of the Earth.
During its first half century, games were not played at night, ⚠️ [접속사]which meant ⚠️ [접속사]that baseball games, like the traditional work day, [ending / ended] when the sun set.
#29 어휘
You can’t have a democracy if you can’t talk with your neighbors about matters of mutual interest or concern.
Thomas Jefferson, who had an enduring interest in democracy, came to a similar conclusion.
He was prescient in understanding the dangers of [concentrated / limited] power, whether in corporations or in political leaders or exclusionary political institutions.
Direct involvement of citizens was ⚠️ [접속사]what had made the American Revolution possible and given the new republic vitality and hope for the future.
Without ⚠️ [접속사]that involvement, the republic would die.
Eventually, he saw a need for the nation to be [blended / subdivided] into “wards” ― political units so small ⚠️ [접속사]that everyone living there could participate directly in the political process.
The representatives for each ward in the capital would have to be [resistant / responsive] to citizens organized in this way.
A vibrant democracy conducted locally would then provide the active basic unit for the democratic life of the republic.
With ⚠️ [접속사]that kind of involvement, the republic might survive and prosper.
#30 밑줄 친 부분이 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?
Harumi Tanaka, from Osaka, Japan, had accepted an assignment in Boston.
His task was to explore the possibility of developing joint ventures with American firms.
He ⚠️ [have be invit]had been invited by one company to spend a month there and ⚠️ [have be assign]had been assigned an office and a research assistant.
Harumi agreed on a Monday to present a business plan the following Friday.
On Tuesday, the computers in the company crashed, and the research assistant called in sick with a severe case of the flu.
Still, Harumi pushed forward and presented his plan on Friday.
He began his presentation, “I’m sorry ⚠️ [접속사]that I am not well prepared.
This meeting may not be a good use of your time.”
He then went into a clear, interesting presentation.
After the meeting, one of the American executives said, “ I don’t know ⚠️ [접속사]why you had to apologize.
Everyone knows about the computer crash and your assistant’s illness.”
Harumi responded ⚠️ [접속사]that he thought ⚠️ [접속사]that the apology would be a good introduction to his presentation.
#31.
A sleeping mother has the ability to identify the particular cry of her own baby.
This is one of the bonding factors ⚠️ [접속사]that has been forgotten because of the way in ⚠️ [접속사]which we live today.
Typically, there is now only one newborn baby in any family house or apartment, so there is no way to test this ability.
In an ancient tribe, ⚠️ [연결사]however , living in small huts in a tiny village settlement, a mother would have been able to hear any of the babies crying in the night.
If she woke up every time one of them screamed for food, she might get no sleep at all.
During the course of evolution she became programmed to awake only at the sound of her own particular baby.
This ______ is still there to this day, ⚠️ [접속사]even though it is seldom used.
affection creativity sociability intolerance sensitivity
#32.
When people try to control situations ⚠️ [접속사]that are essentially uncontrollable, they are inclined to experience high levels of stress.
Thus, suggesting ⚠️ [접속사]that they need to take active control is bad advice in those situations.
⚠️ [접속사]What they need to do is to accept ⚠️ [접속사]that some things are beyond their control.
Similarly, teaching people to accept a situation ⚠️ [접속사]that could readily be changed could be bad advice; sometimes the only way to get ⚠️ [접속사]what you want is to take active control.
Research has shown ⚠️ [접속사]that when people who feel helpless fail to take control, they experience negative emotional states such as anxiety and depression.
Like stress, these negative emotions can damage the immune response.
We can see from this ⚠️ [접속사]that health is not linearly related to control.
For optimum health, people should be encouraged to take control to a point ______.
but to yield to the situations within their control
but to disregard immune response when stressed
but to recognize when further control is impossible
and to fight against uncontrollable situations persistently
and to try harder to conquer uncontrollable stressful situations
#33.
A good deal of the information stored in working memory is encoded in an auditory form, especially when the information is language based.
⚠️ [연결사]For example , in an early study by Conrad, adults were shown six-letter sequences, with letters being presented visually, one at a time, at intervals of three-fourths of a second.
⚠️ [접속사]As soon as the last letter of a sequence ⚠️ [have be present]had been presented , participants in the study wrote down all six of the letters they had seen, guessing at any letters they couldn’t easily recall.
When people recalled letters incorrectly, the letters they said they had seen were more likely to resemble the actual stimuli in terms of ______.
⚠️ [연결사]For example , the letter F was “remembered” as the auditorially similar letter S 131 times but as the visually similar letter P only 14 times.
Similarly, the letter V was remembered as B 56 times but as X only 5 times.
⚠️ [접속사]how the letters were visually represented
⚠️ [접속사]how the letters sounded than ⚠️ [접속사]how they looked
⚠️ [접속사]how the length of the letter sequence was recognized
⚠️ [접속사]how the letters were ordered than ⚠️ [접속사]how they were pronounced
⚠️ [접속사]how often the letters appeared than ⚠️ [접속사]how long they were shown
#34.
⚠️ [접속사]Even if it is correct to say ⚠️ [접속사]that we express and represent our thoughts in language, it may be a big mistake to suppose ⚠️ [접속사]that there are structural similarities between ⚠️ [접속사]what is doing the representing and ⚠️ [접속사]what is represented.
Robert Stalnaker, in his book Inquiry, suggests an analogy with the representation of numbers: The number 9 can be represented as ‘12—3’ but it does not follow ⚠️ [접속사]that 12, 3, or subtraction are constituents of the number 9.
We could compare a thought and its verbal expression with toothpaste and its ‘expression’ from a tube.
⚠️ [접속사]That the result of expressing toothpaste is a long, thin, cylinder does not entail ⚠️ [접속사]that toothpaste itself is long, thin, or cylindrical.
Similarly, a thought might get expressed out loud in a statement with a particular linguistic structure.
It does not follow ⚠️ [접속사]that ______.
Suppose, ⚠️ [연결사]for example , ⚠️ [접속사]that I look at a fruit bowl, and think ⚠️ [접속사]that there is an apple and an orange in ⚠️ [접속사]that bowl.
The objects in front of my eyes include some pieces of fruit and a bowl, but no object corresponding to the word ‘and’ exists either in the world or in my visual image.
the thought itself has such a structure
linguistic analysis of a thought is unlikely
the language in mind lacks a logical structure
a thought and its verbal expression are distinct
the sentence structurally differs from the thought
#35 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?
The pull effect of a destination can be positively influenced by the introduction and reinforcement of pro-tourism policies ⚠️ [접속사]that make a destination more accessible.
Governments, ⚠️ [연결사]for example , can and often do employ awareness campaigns among the resident population to promote a welcoming attitude towards visitors, ⚠️ [접속사]in order to foster a positive market image.
⚠️ [연결사]However , because such campaigns depend on widespread social engineering, and because their effects can be counteracted by random acts of violence, positive outcomes cannot be guaranteed.
Most governments in developing countries encourage international tourism because tourists from wealthy countries usually spend more.
Furthermore, it is the behaviour of some tourists, and the structure and development of tourism itself, ⚠️ [접속사]that often generate negative attitudes within the host community.
This implies ⚠️ [접속사]that major structural changes to tourism itself, rather than awareness campaigns, may be required to foster a welcoming attitude.
#38.
Researchers have reported various nonverbal features of sarcasm.
Even so, research confirms the finding ⚠️ [접속사]that nonverbal cues are more credible than verbal cues, especially when verbal and nonverbal cues conflict.
Most disagree as to whether nonverbal cues are essential to the perception of sarcasm or the emotion ⚠️ [접속사]that prompts it.
Also, nonverbal cues are better indicators of speaker intent.
As the nature of sarcasm implies a contradiction between intent and message, nonverbal cues may “leak” and reveal the speaker’s true mood as they do in deception.
Ostensibly, sarcasm is the opposite of deception in ⚠️ [접속사]that a sarcastic speaker typically intends the receiver to recognize the sarcastic intent; whereas, in deception the speaker typically intends ⚠️ [접속사]that the receiver not recognize the deceptive intent.
Thus, when communicators are attempting to determine if a speaker is sarcastic, they compare the verbal and nonverbal message and if the two are in opposition, communicators may conclude ⚠️ [접속사]that the speaker is being sarcastic.
#39.
Our total set of values and their relative importance to us constitute our value system.
This dynamic can be illustrated with the example of parents who place equal value on convenience and concern for the environment.
The way ⚠️ [접속사]that we behave in a given situation is often influenced by ⚠️ [접속사]how important one value is to us relative to others.
⚠️ [연결사]For instance , deciding whether to spend Saturday afternoon relaxing with your family or exercising will be determined by the relative importance ⚠️ [접속사]that you place on family versus health.
You feel value conflict when you do something ⚠️ [접속사]that is consistent with one value but inconsistent with another equally important value.
They may experience value conflict if they buy disposable diapers for their babies.
Consumers facing such decisions consider not only the product’s immediate consumption outcomes but also the product’s general effect on society, including ⚠️ [접속사]how the manufacturer behaves (e.g., toward the environment).
#40 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다.
In science one experiment, whether it succeeds or fails, is logically followed by another in a theoretically infinite progression.
According to the underlying myth of modern science, this progression is always replacing the smaller knowledge of the past with the larger knowledge of the present, ⚠️ [접속사]which will be replaced by the yet larger knowledge of the future.
In the arts, by contrast, no limitless sequence of works is ever implied or looked for.
No work of art is necessarily followed by a second work ⚠️ [접속사]that is necessarily better.
Given the methodologies of science, the law of gravity and the genome were bound to be discovered by somebody; the identity of the discoverer is incidental to the fact.
But it appears ⚠️ [접속사]that in the arts there are no second chances.
We must assume ⚠️ [접속사]that we had one chance each for The Divine Comedy and King Lear.
If Dante and Shakespeare had died before they wrote those works, nobody ever would have written them.
This is ⌘ SentenceOrder. 🤖
20 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
My barely-five-year-old son couldn’t go to bed one night until he wrote “I love you Mom” on a piece of paper.
( ) A few mixed-up letters, a couple of crumpled papers, and some help from Daddy later, he handed me his heart on the page.
( ) Sometimes, saying how you feel just isn’t enough.
( ) Pajamas on, redcrayon in hand, he was very determined.
( ) But by writing, we can give someone our heart on a page.
( ) Although we may think it, we can’t really give someone our heart.
( ) Write it down, however, and you can see it, feel it, hold it, keep it forever.
( ) Then, finally, he relaxed enough to fall asleep.
( ) Teach your child how to write love notes, and I promise you will have many, many happy returns.
( ) A love note is a piece of paper that is a little piece of your heart.
( ) Spoken words are invisible and untouchable.
21 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
One of the most demanding, and at the same time inspiring, aspects of translating for children is the potential for such creativity that arises from what Peter Hollindale has called the ‘childness’ of children’s texts: ‘the quality of being a child ― dynamic, imaginative, experimental, interactive and unstable’.
( ) Translating sound, for example, whether in the read-aloud qualities of books for the younger child, in animal noises, children’s poetry or in nonsense rhymes, demands imaginative solutions ― as indeed does working with visual material.
( ) Such multi-faceted creativity has, at times, placed children’s literature at the forefront of imaginative experimentation.
( ) The ‘unstable’ qualities of childhood that Hollindale cites require a writer or translator to have an understanding of the freshness of language to the child’s eye and ear, the child’s affective concerns and the linguistic and dramatic play of early childhood.
22 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
From an evolutionary perspective, fear has contributed to both fostering and limiting change, and to preserving the species.
( ) On the other hand, fear can also motivate change in order to avoid something you’re afraid of, such as dying young ― as one of your parents might have.
( ) Stable patterns are necessary lest we live in chaos; however, they make it difficult to abandon entrenched behaviors, even those that are no longer useful, constructive, or health creating.
( ) It is a survival need, as is stability, which is another force of nature that can limit the capacity to change.
( ) And fear can keep you from changing when you don’t want to risk a step into unknown territory; for example, some people choose not to leave an unfulfilling job or a failing relationship because they fear the unknown more than the known.
( ) We are programmed to be afraid.
23 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
A strategic vision has little value to the organization unless it’s effectively communicated down the line to lower-level managers and employees.
( ) Communicating the vision to organization members nearly always means putting “where we are going and why” in writing, distributing the statement organizationwide, and having executives personally explain the vision and its justification to as many people as possible.
( ) An engaging and convincing strategic vision has enormous motivational value ― for the same reason that a stone mason is inspired by building a great cathedral for the ages.
( ) Ideally, executives should present their vision for the company in a manner that reaches out and grabs people’s attention.
( ) It would be difficult for a vision statement to provide direction to decision makers and energize employees toward achieving long-term strategic intent unless they know of the vision and observe management’s commitment to that vision.
25 !Kung San에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
The !Kung San, also known as the Bushmen, live in the Kalahari Desert in southern Africa.
( ) The !Kung San in that area had abundant food supply and a lot of leisure time.
( ) Traditionally, they lived by hunting and gathering, the way of life that was the universal mode of human existence until 10,000 years ago.
( ) The main food crop was the wild mongongo nut, millions of which were harvested every year.
( ) The total population of the !Kung San in 1986 was about 15,000, with most of them living in nonhunting and gathering situations on cattleposts or farms.
( ) The “!K” in the name “!Kung” is like the sound that occurs when a cork is pulled from a bottle.
( ) The !Kung San in the Dobe area of Botswana were divided into twenty five groups with a mean size of eighteen to twenty people.
28 , , 의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Like life in traditional society, but unlike other team sports, baseball is not governed by the clock.
( ) The pace of the game is therefore leisurely and unhurried / unhurriedly, like the world before the discipline of measured time, deadlines, schedules, and wages paid by the hour.
( ) During its first half century, games were not played at night, which meant that baseball games, like the traditional work day, ending / ended when the sun set.
( ) Baseball games do have all day to be played.
( ) A football game is comprised of exactly sixty minutes of play, a basketball game forty or forty-eight minutes, but baseball has no set length of time within which the game must be completed.
( ) Baseball belongs to the kind of world which / in which people did not say, “I haven’t got all day.”
( ) But that does not mean that they can go on forever.
( ) Baseball, like traditional life, proceeds according to the rhythm of nature, specifically the rotation of the Earth.
29 어휘
You can’t have a democracy if you can’t talk with your neighbors about matters of mutual interest or concern.
( ) With that kind of involvement, the republic might survive and prosper.
( ) The representatives for each ward in the capital would have to be resistant / responsive to citizens organized in this way.
( ) Thomas Jefferson, who had an enduring interest in democracy, came to a similar conclusion.
( ) A vibrant democracy conducted locally would then provide the active basic unit for the democratic life of the republic.
( ) He was prescient in understanding the dangers of concentrated / limited power, whether in corporations or in political leaders or exclusionary political institutions.
( ) Eventually, he saw a need for the nation to be blended / subdivided into “wards” ― political units so small that everyone living there could participate directly in the political process.
( ) Direct involvement of citizens was what had made the American Revolution possible and given the new republic vitality and hope for the future.
( ) Without that involvement, the republic would die.
30 밑줄 친 부분이 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?
Harumi Tanaka, from Osaka, Japan, had accepted an assignment in Boston.
( ) After the meeting, one of the American executives said, “ I don’t know why you had to apologize.
( ) Harumi agreed on a Monday to present a business plan the following Friday.
( ) On Tuesday, the computers in the company crashed, and the research assistant called in sick with a severe case of the flu.
( ) This meeting may not be a good use of your time.”
( ) He then went into a clear, interesting presentation.
( ) Everyone knows about the computer crash and your assistant’s illness.”
( ) Still, Harumi pushed forward and presented his plan on Friday.
( ) He had been invited by one company to spend a month there and had been assigned an office and a research assistant.
( ) Harumi responded that he thought that the apology would be a good introduction to his presentation.
( ) He began his presentation, “I’m sorry that I am not well prepared.
( ) His task was to explore the possibility of developing joint ventures with American firms.
31.
A sleeping mother has the ability to identify the particular cry of her own baby.
( ) Typically, there is now only one newborn baby in any family house or apartment, so there is no way to test this ability.
( ) In an ancient tribe, however, living in small huts in a tiny village settlement, a mother would have been able to hear any of the babies crying in the night.
( ) This is one of the bonding factors that has been forgotten because of the way in which we live today.
( ) If she woke up every time one of them screamed for food, she might get no sleep at all.
( ) During the course of evolution she became programmed to awake only at the sound of her own particular baby.
( ) affection creativity sociability intolerance sensitivity
( ) This ______ is still there to this day, even though it is seldom used.
32.
When people try to control situations that are essentially uncontrollable, they are inclined to experience high levels of stress.
( ) For optimum health, people should be encouraged to take control to a point ______.
( ) and to try harder to conquer uncontrollable stressful situations
( ) Thus, suggesting that they need to take active control is bad advice in those situations.
( ) but to disregard immune response when stressed
( ) but to recognize when further control is impossible
( ) but to yield to the situations within their control
( ) We can see from this that health is not linearly related to control.
( ) and to fight against uncontrollable situations persistently
( ) Similarly, teaching people to accept a situation that could readily be changed could be bad advice; sometimes the only way to get what you want is to take active control.
( ) Like stress, these negative emotions can damage the immune response.
( ) Research has shown that when people who feel helpless fail to take control, they experience negative emotional states such as anxiety and depression.
( ) What they need to do is to accept that some things are beyond their control.
33.
A good deal of the information stored in working memory is encoded in an auditory form, especially when the information is language based.
( ) how the letters were visually represented
( ) As soon as the last letter of a sequence had been presented, participants in the study wrote down all six of the letters they had seen, guessing at any letters they couldn’t easily recall.
( ) For example, the letter F was “remembered” as the auditorially similar letter S 131 times but as the visually similar letter P only 14 times.
( ) how often the letters appeared than how long they were shown
( ) For example, in an early study by Conrad, adults were shown six-letter sequences, with letters being presented visually, one at a time, at intervals of three-fourths of a second.
( ) how the letters sounded than how they looked
( ) When people recalled letters incorrectly, the letters they said they had seen were more likely to resemble the actual stimuli in terms of ______.
( ) Similarly, the letter V was remembered as B 56 times but as X only 5 times.
( ) how the length of the letter sequence was recognized
( ) how the letters were ordered than how they were pronounced
34.
Even if it is correct to say that we express and represent our thoughts in language, it may be a big mistake to suppose that there are structural similarities between what is doing the representing and what is represented.
( ) That the result of expressing toothpaste is a long, thin, cylinder does not entail that toothpaste itself is long, thin, or cylindrical.
( ) linguistic analysis of a thought is unlikely
( ) the language in mind lacks a logical structure
( ) The objects in front of my eyes include some pieces of fruit and a bowl, but no object corresponding to the word ‘and’ exists either in the world or in my visual image.
( ) Similarly, a thought might get expressed out loud in a statement with a particular linguistic structure.
( ) It does not follow that ______.
( ) the thought itself has such a structure
( ) the sentence structurally differs from the thought
( ) Robert Stalnaker, in his book Inquiry, suggests an analogy with the representation of numbers: The number 9 can be represented as ‘12—3’ but it does not follow that 12, 3, or subtraction are constituents of the number 9.
( ) a thought and its verbal expression are distinct
( ) We could compare a thought and its verbal expression with toothpaste and its ‘expression’ from a tube.
( ) Suppose, for example, that I look at a fruit bowl, and think that there is an apple and an orange in that bowl.
35 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?
The pull effect of a destination can be positively influenced by the introduction and reinforcement of pro-tourism policies that make a destination more accessible.
( ) However, because such campaigns depend on widespread social engineering, and because their effects can be counteracted by random acts of violence, positive outcomes cannot be guaranteed.
( ) Most governments in developing countries encourage international tourism because tourists from wealthy countries usually spend more.
( ) Governments, for example, can and often do employ awareness campaigns among the resident population to promote a welcoming attitude towards visitors, in order to foster a positive market image.
( ) Furthermore, it is the behaviour of some tourists, and the structure and development of tourism itself, that often generate negative attitudes within the host community.
( ) This implies that major structural changes to tourism itself, rather than awareness campaigns, may be required to foster a welcoming attitude.
38.
Researchers have reported various nonverbal features of sarcasm.
( ) Most disagree as to whether nonverbal cues are essential to the perception of sarcasm or the emotion that prompts it.
( ) Ostensibly, sarcasm is the opposite of deception in that a sarcastic speaker typically intends the receiver to recognize the sarcastic intent; whereas, in deception the speaker typically intends that the receiver not recognize the deceptive intent.
( ) As the nature of sarcasm implies a contradiction between intent and message, nonverbal cues may “leak” and reveal the speaker’s true mood as they do in deception.
( ) Also, nonverbal cues are better indicators of speaker intent.
( ) Even so, research confirms the finding that nonverbal cues are more credible than verbal cues, especially when verbal and nonverbal cues conflict.
( ) Thus, when communicators are attempting to determine if a speaker is sarcastic, they compare the verbal and nonverbal message and if the two are in opposition, communicators may conclude that the speaker is being sarcastic.
39.
Our total set of values and their relative importance to us constitute our value system.
( ) You feel value conflict when you do something that is consistent with one value but inconsistent with another equally important value.
( ) The way that we behave in a given situation is often influenced by how important one value is to us relative to others.
( ) This dynamic can be illustrated with the example of parents who place equal value on convenience and concern for the environment.
( ) Consumers facing such decisions consider not only the product’s immediate consumption outcomes but also the product’s general effect on society, including how the manufacturer behaves (e.g., toward the environment).
( ) They may experience value conflict if they buy disposable diapers for their babies.
( ) For instance, deciding whether to spend Saturday afternoon relaxing with your family or exercising will be determined by the relative importance that you place on family versus health.
40 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다.
In science one experiment, whether it succeeds or fails, is logically followed by another in a theoretically infinite progression.
( ) If Dante and Shakespeare had died before they wrote those works, nobody ever would have written them.
( ) Given the methodologies of science, the law of gravity and the genome were bound to be discovered by somebody; the identity of the discoverer is incidental to the fact.
( ) But it appears that in the arts there are no second chances.
( ) According to the underlying myth of modern science, this progression is always replacing the smaller knowledge of the past with the larger knowledge of the present, which will be replaced by the yet larger knowledge of the future.
( ) No work of art is necessarily followed by a second work that is necessarily better.
( ) We must assume that we had one chance each for The Divine Comedy and King Lear.
( ) In the arts, by contrast, no limitless sequence of works is ever implied or looked for.
This is ⌘VOCAB_Eng-Kor Quiz. 😻
What does 'abundant' mean?
①실행하다 ②폭발하다 크게 ③풍부한 ④정당화하다 ⑤차별하다
풍부한
What does 'accessible' mean?
①법률을 ②접근하기쉬운 ③수익 ④도약하다 ⑤유지
접근하기쉬운
What does 'affection' mean?
①신원 ②똑바로세우다 ③특성들 ④애정 ⑤숙달된
애정
What does 'affective' mean?
①동기 ②충성스러운 ③에 ④유효한 ⑤감정의
감정의
What does 'analogy' mean?
①미터 ②탔다 ③유사성 ④저당 ⑤정적인
유사성
What does 'apologize' mean?
①중요성 ②제출하다 ③광범위한 ④시력 ⑤사과하다
사과하다
What does 'apology' mean?
①사과 ②전문적인 ③쌍 ④러닝머신 ⑤신화/잘못된 생각
사과
What does 'asleep' mean?
①길이 ②작전 ③함축성 ④잠들어 ⑤현금
잠들어
What does 'assignment' mean?
①경찰관 ②근본적인 ③임무/숙제 ④웹사이트 ⑤방어하다
임무/숙제
What does 'assume' mean?
①가정하다 ②필요로하다/요구하다 ③선조 ④기념일 ⑤도마뱀
가정하다
What does 'auditory' mean?
①가설 ②천직 ③청각의 ④다수의 ⑤원리
청각의
What does 'behave' mean?
①행동하다 ②의무/위임 ③인정하다 ④활력/생명력 ⑤지저분한
행동하다
What does 'behaviour' mean?
①옥수수 ②행동 ③체계 ④규제하다 ⑤정의하다
행동
What does 'capacity' mean?
①반점이 ②신화/잘못된 생각 ③처음의 ④용량 ⑤튀다
용량
What does 'capital' mean?
①인기 ②수도 ③질병 ④들어있다 ⑤줄어들다
수도
What does 'commitment' mean?
①허가 ②후퇴 ③내려가다 ④열렬한 ⑤의무/위임
의무/위임
What does 'competence' mean?
①능력 ②발음하다 ③전달하다 ④반응하는 ⑤요새
능력
What does 'concern' mean?
①걱정 ②자유 ③반란 ④부착하다 ⑤저명한
걱정
What does 'conclude' mean?
①언급 ②제외한 ③출판 ④범위 ⑤결론을
결론을
What does 'conclusion' mean?
①마비시키다 ②결론 ③알려드립니다 ④항의 ⑤동정
결론
What does 'conflict' mean?
①창조 ②믿을만한 ③예 ④대립 ⑤직업
대립
What does 'conquer' mean?
①정복하다 ②제공된 ③습기 ④번째의 ⑤탈수하다
정복하다
What does 'consistent' mean?
①행동하다 ②진공공백 ③극도의 ④지속적인 ⑤영향력 있는
지속적인
What does 'constitute' mean?
①동료 ②박수갈채하다 ③사과 ④방해하다 ⑤구성하다
구성하다
What does 'constructive' mean?
①유창한 ②회기/진행 ③탈수하다 ④건설적인 ⑤터널/지하도
건설적인
What does 'consumption' mean?
①현금 ②제한하다 ③잘 아는 ④소비 ⑤보냈다
소비
What does 'contradiction' mean?
①관대한 ②구조적인 ③정확함 ④모순/반대 ⑤더
모순/반대
What does 'control' mean?
①심리학 ②통제 ③대하다 ④옥수수 ⑤동질의
통제
What does 'convenience' mean?
①편리함 ②선두 ③부상 ④습한 ⑤소통하다
편리함
What does 'corresponding' mean?
①활동 ②해당하는 ③걱정 ④해마다의 ⑤습기
해당하는
What does 'creativity' mean?
①존경하다 ②발전시키다 ③창의력 ④소개하다 ⑤물리적
창의력
What does 'credible' mean?
①간과하다 ②비교적인 ③믿을만한 ④믿을만한 ⑤내부의
믿을만한
What does 'curiosity' mean?
①호기심 ②낙천주의 ③정확한 ④효과적으로 ⑤닥치다
호기심
What does 'cylinder' mean?
①행동의 ②버리다 ③굴욕을 주다 ④신문 ⑤기둥/원통
기둥/원통
What does 'damage' mean?
①사실상의 ②인류 ③손해 ④장례식 ⑤미리보기
손해
What does 'deception' mean?
①성직자장관 ②지역/부분 ③분리된 ④속임 ⑤이론
속임
What does 'deceptive' mean?
①특징 ②응용하는 ③속이는 ④복잡성 ⑤성취
속이는
What does 'democracy' mean?
①보편적인 ②완전한내다 ③알리다 ④공화국 ⑤민주주의
민주주의
What does 'democratic' mean?
①상정하다 ②이상적으로 ③오르다높아지다 ④과소평가하다 ⑤민주주의의
민주주의의
What does 'depend' mean?
①문제들 ②직업 ③개 ④지질학 ⑤의지하다
의지하다
What does 'depression' mean?
①저하/우울증 ②제외한 ③기질 ④소유하다 ⑤가치
저하/우울증
What does 'destination' mean?
①거주하다 ②수행원 ③목적지 ④사건 ⑤개설된
목적지
What does 'direction' mean?
①방어자 ②방향 ③진공공백 ④부상 ⑤반대로 작용하다
방향
What does 'disagree' mean?
①다르다 ②활동적인 ③좌절시키다 ④ ⑤성스러운
다르다
What does 'disposable' mean?
①끄다 ②침입자 ③쓰고 버릴수 있는 ④온전한 ⑤얻다
쓰고 버릴수 있는
What does 'disregard' mean?
①공격발병 ②수입 ③단조로운 ④무시하다 ⑤반도
무시하다
What does 'dual' mean?
①풍성한 ②이중의 ③시민 ④매료된 ⑤힘을 주다
이중의
What does 'dynamic' mean?
①위험한 ②들추어내다 ③역동적인 ④적당히 ⑤열정
역동적인
What does 'eastward' mean?
①숨겨진 ②감정 ③명성 ④동쪽으로 ⑤방언
동쪽으로
What does 'effective' mean?
①훅을 ②효과적인 ③해고하다 ④생식하다 ⑤사실에
효과적인
What does 'effectively' mean?
①깨닫다 ②수소 ③효과적으로 ④정치 ⑤짜다/엮다
효과적으로
What does 'employ' mean?
①팀워크 ②조사 ③운송/수송 ④고용하다 ⑤깨우다
고용하다
What does 'energize' mean?
①해로움 ②힘을 주다 ③출판 ④내포 하다 ⑤수직의
힘을 주다
What does 'entail' mean?
①수반하다/필요로 하다 ②유죄를 입증하다 ③위쪽 ④편견 ⑤성인
수반하다/필요로 하다
What does 'equal' mean?
①고상한 ②정당화 ③같은 ④그래프 ⑤조약
같은
What does 'equally' mean?
①똑같이 ②청각의 ③쓸모없는 ④선반 ⑤닥치다
똑같이
What does 'essential' mean?
①끊임없는 ②가치 ③통합 ④필수적인 ⑤벌하다
필수적인
What does 'essentially' mean?
①본질적으로 ②경제의 ③고안하다 ④배신자 ⑤다수의
본질적으로
What does 'evolution' mean?
①과대평가하다 ②의류 ③고대의 ④진화 ⑤비언어적인
진화
What does 'evolutionary' mean?
①제출된 ②전달하다 ③국가 ④진화하는 ⑤기술
진화하는
What does 'exclusionary' mean?
①연상 ②상호 ③쓴 ④배제하는 ⑤원칙
배제하는
What does 'existence' mean?
①존재 ②사인 ③비본질적인 ④사고 ⑤통제하다
존재
What does 'experiment' mean?
①구 ②실험 ③야심 ④평등 ⑤여과장치
실험
What does 'experimental' mean?
①기계공 ②신뢰 ③전달 ④후원자 ⑤실험의
실험의
What does 'exploration' mean?
①끊임없는 ②빈번한 ③탐험 ④경계 ⑤민주주의
탐험
What does 'forefront' mean?
①뉴런 ②선두 ③휴식 ④촌뜨기 ⑤인류
선두
What does 'forward' mean?
①분명히 하다 ②경쟁자 ③작은 ④앞으로 ⑤가리키다
앞으로
What does 'foster' mean?
①촉진/육성하다 ②요청 ③계급 ④교환 ⑤만화가
촉진/육성하다
What does 'gravity' mean?
①자발적인 ②시의 ③다음의 ④중력 ⑤조직의
중력
What does 'host' mean?
①이민 ②치수 ③악덕의 ④같은 ⑤주인
주인
What does 'identify' mean?
①바꾸다 ②확인하다 ③뛰어난 ④사장/고용주 ⑤난파된
확인하다
What does 'identity' mean?
①온전한 ②신원 ③흔드는 ④대응하다 ⑤식민지주민
신원
What does 'imaginative' mean?
①기회 ②연상 ③하는 ④물리학자 ⑤상상력이
상상력이
What does 'immune' mean?
①계속하다 ②영감 ③사건 ④면역력의 ⑤알리다
면역력의
What does 'incidental' mean?
①부수적인 ②어휘 ③부과하다 ④중립의 ⑤기원
부수적인
What does 'including' mean?
①제안하다 ②인식의 ③포함하여 ④항복 ⑤비평
포함하여
What does 'inconsistent' mean?
①회복하다 ②집중 ③일치하지 않는 ④편안함 ⑤뽑아내다
일치하지 않는
What does 'infinite' mean?
①무한한 ②터널/지하도 ③본질 ④적대적인 ⑤협력하다
무한한
What does 'intent' mean?
①독서작문력 ②의도 ③개선하다 ④저항하다 ⑤상기하다
의도
What does 'interactive' mean?
①놀라운 ②동정 ③생존 ④교육적인 ⑤쌍방향의
쌍방향의
What does 'international' mean?
①의견 ②실행하다 ③인정하다 ④국제적인 ⑤내부자
국제적인
What does 'introduction' mean?
①걱정 ②항목 ③정확하지 않은 ④소개 ⑤대체하다
소개
What does 'invisible' mean?
①식민지주민 ②회사 ③보이지 않는 ④쉽게하다 ⑤개설된
보이지 않는
What does 'involvement' mean?
①기술적인 ②소개하다 ③관여 ④범하다 ⑤가족/가정
관여
What does 'justification' mean?
①악덕의 ②정당화 ③무덤 ④회사 ⑤점진적인
정당화
What does 'leak' mean?
①인정하다 ②비극 ③새다 ④시 ⑤임명하다
새다
What does 'leisure' mean?
①호르몬의 ②종결하다 ③충분한 ④ 위치를 ⑤여가
여가
What does 'leisurely' mean?
①나쁜 ②나타내다 ③흔드는 ④여유있는 ⑤시대에
여유있는
What does 'length' mean?
①양육하는 ②길이 ③분위기 ④의지하다 ⑤ 무관심한
길이
What does 'linearly' mean?
①기부 ②청구하다 ③통근하다 ④상정하다 ⑤선으로
선으로
What does 'linguistic' mean?
①판 ②시/운문 ③ ④산소 ⑤벽장
What does 'literature' mean?
①문학 ②지위 ③보존하다 ④유혹하다 ⑤유치한
문학
What does 'logical' mean?
①논리적인 ②질병 ③수직의 ④제1 의 ⑤정적인
논리적인
What does 'logically' mean?
①낭비하는 ②미리 아는 ③논리적으로 ④빚 ⑤운하
논리적으로
What does 'manufacturer' mean?
①탐구하다 ②원정 ③제조업자 ④무질서/이상 ⑤물려받다
제조업자
What does 'matter' mean?
①침입자 ②미망인 ③연속물 ④일치 ⑤중요하다/문제
중요하다/문제
What does 'mode' mean?
①방식 ②존경하다 ③낙담시키다 ④독소 ⑤다시
방식
What does 'motivation' mean?
①오르다높아지다 ②칭찬 ③예약하다 ④후원자 ⑤동기
동기
What does 'mutual' mean?
①결론을 ②저작권 ③목표 ④민감한 ⑤상호
상호
What does 'nonsense' mean?
①정직한진실한 ②중앙 ③황량한 ④무의미한 말/행동 ⑤소량
무의미한 말/행동
What does 'nonverbal' mean?
①비언어적인 ②생산하다/양보 ③준비하다 ④동시에 ⑤이혼
비언어적인
What does 'novelty' mean?
①극도의 ②허리캐인 ③동의하다 ④역경 ⑤새로움
새로움
What does 'opposite' mean?
①위험 ②반대쪽의 ③소유하다 ④기억하다 ⑤내뿜다
반대쪽의
What does 'opposition' mean?
①시도 ②수소 ③그럴 ④빼다 ⑤반대
반대
What does 'optimum' mean?
①먹이 ②완화시키다 ③기하학 ④지리학지리 ⑤최적조건
최적조건
What does 'organization' mean?
①조직 ②겸손 ③전통적으로 ④공상 ⑤공급 하다
조직
What does 'perception' mean?
①인식 ②신학 ③전진하다 ④격려하다/하게하다 ⑤앞으로
인식
What does 'perspective' mean?
①정교한 ②학부교수진 ③관점 ④걱정하는 ⑤관리하다해내다
관점
What does 'poetry' mean?
①부과하다 ②강화 ③유혹하다 ④예술성 ⑤시
시
What does 'political' mean?
①종교 ②상상의 ③초대 ④정치의 ⑤본질적으로
정치의
What does 'population' mean?
①기분이탈이 ②조상의 ③함께할만한 ④인구 ⑤메모기록
인구
What does 'potential' mean?
①어리석은 ②정확함 ③잠재적인 ④운송/수송 ⑤결점
잠재적인
What does 'prescient' mean?
①미리 아는 ②처리하다 ③반어/풍자 ④용이하게 ⑤예언하다
미리 아는
What does 'presentation' mean?
①생명의/중요한 ②서식지 ③저널리즘 ④발표 ⑤비판적인
발표
What does 'primitive' mean?
①알려지지 않은 ②이론 ③적당히 ④원시의 ⑤투옥하다
원시의
What does 'progression' mean?
①비평 ②을 ③감정적인 ④전진/진행 ⑤ 훌륭한
전진/진행
What does 'promote' mean?
①장려/승진시키다 ②제출하다 ③매장 ④영구적인 ⑤상업의
장려/승진시키다
What does 'random' mean?
①궁극적으로 ②무작위의 ③전시 ④극도의 ⑤출석하고
무작위의
What does 'recall' mean?
①부상 ②방향 ③고용하다 ④상기하다 ⑤유창한
상기하다
What does 'reinforcement' mean?
①강화 ②강화 ③명백한 ④수레 ⑤신체적으로
강화
What does 'relative' mean?
①관련있는 ②방어 ③위원회 ④주요한 ⑤정신
관련있는
What does 'represent' mean?
①일반적인 ②외국에 ③시각적인 ④sandier-sandy 모래의 ⑤대표하다
대표하다
What does 'representation' mean?
①종결하다 ②표시/대표 ③이주하다이동하다 ④연맹 ⑤필사적인
표시/대표
What does 'republic' mean?
①등록 ②개선 ③거짓말하는 ④공화국 ⑤거짓의
공화국
What does 'resemble' mean?
①접촉 ②닮다 ③각색 ④분석 ⑤대표자
닮다
What does 'resident' mean?
①들러붙다 ②거주자 ③이해하다 ④쌍방향의 ⑤비평가
거주자
What does 'resistant' mean?
①철학적인 ②기자들 ③벽장 ④저항하는 ⑤재료요소
저항하는
What does 'responsive' mean?
①반응하는 ②보상하다 ③진단하다 ④관대한 ⑤유지하다
반응하는
What does 'reveal' mean?
①촌뜨기 ②사고 ③참가 ④드러내다 ⑤가장
드러내다
What does 'rotation' mean?
①격려하다/하게하다 ②회전 ③협력하다 ④지구 ⑤목표/객관적인
회전
What does 'sarcastic' mean?
①저항 ②법률의 ③빈정대는 ④적당한 ⑤현실주의
빈정대는
What does 'seldom' mean?
①실패 ②좀처럼 ..않다 ③생산 ④ ⑤제안하다
좀처럼 ..않다
What does 'separate' mean?
①다루다 ②순간때 ③알려드립니다 ④이주하다이동하다 ⑤분리된
분리된
What does 'sequence' mean?
①들추어내다 ②그래프 ③보이지 않는 ④연속 ⑤소속사/대리점
연속
What does 'settlement' mean?
①운송/수송 ②개선 ③설득하여 ④정착 ⑤유죄를 입증하다
정착
What does 'severe' mean?
①승리 ②부도덕한 ③극심한 ④빛나다 ⑤풍부
극심한
What does 'severely' mean?
①회전 ②(전치사)포함하여 ③요새 ④심하게 ⑤지지자
심하게
What does 'social' mean?
①외치다 ②중앙의 ③사회의 ④결국 ⑤부서지기 쉬움
사회의
What does 'stability' mean?
①정직한진실한 ②안정성 ③채집 ④내포 하다 ⑤그
안정성
What does 'statement' mean?
①빼기 ②운동 ③진술 ④의 ⑤결국
진술
What does 'stimuli' mean?
①잘못 놓여진 ②알려드립니다 ③할 ④다양한 ⑤자극
자극
What does 'strategic' mean?
①방언 ②전략적인 ③직업 ④자전거 ⑤변화가 많은
전략적인
What does 'structural' mean?
①광범위한 ②인기 ③예술성 ④구조적인 ⑤중요한
구조적인
What does 'structurally' mean?
①분석가 ②미터 ③방어하다 ④청각의 ⑤구조적으로
구조적으로
What does 'structure' mean?
①구조 ②원리/원칙 ③확대 ④인구 ⑤온화한
구조
What does 'subtraction' mean?
①괴로운 ②빼기 ③장인 ④상인 ⑤피하다
빼기
What does 'successive' mean?
①연속적인 ②기하학 ③폭발하다 크게 ④편집하다 ⑤실패
연속적인
What does 'survival' mean?
①불러일으키다 ②수직의 ③심리학 ④고의적인 ⑤생존
생존
What does 'survive' mean?
①정상 ②유혹하다 ③위원회 ④반대로 작용하다 ⑤살아남다
살아남다
What does 'territory' mean?
①움직이지않는 ②억지로 ③영토 ④상호 ⑤처럼
영토
What does 'theoretically' mean?
①쓰고 버릴수 있는 ②섬세한 ③장비 ④단서 ⑤이론적으로
이론적으로
What does 'traditional' mean?
①전통적인 ②주입하다 ③사건 ④만족스러운 ⑤장인
전통적인
What does 'translator' mean?
①즐겁게 ② 권하다 ③번역가 ④단서 ⑤예언하다
번역가
What does 'tribe' mean?
①밀 ②실행 하다 ③소화의 ④부족 ⑤통근하다
부족
What does 'typically' mean?
①일반적으로 ②아마도 ③사회학 ④떠다니다 ⑤지식
일반적으로
What does 'unconsciously' mean?
①사진작가 ②온화한 ③전달하다 ④무의식적으로 ⑤논쟁 하다
무의식적으로
What does 'unhurriedly' mean?
①위조의 ②시 ③느긋하게 ④길/수단 ⑤대표하다
느긋하게
What does 'universal' mean?
①속임수/재주 ②포함하여 ③보편적인 ④민감성 ⑤재산
보편적인
What does 'unknown' mean?
①적합하다 ②카테고리 ③알려지지 않은 ④모이다 ⑤고발하다
알려지지 않은
What does 'unstable' mean?
①정리하다 ②분개하다 ③존경 ④안정적이지 않은 ⑤정교한
안정적이지 않은
What does 'untouchable' mean?
①소비 ②재판관 ③만질 수 없는 ④신탁 ⑤행동하다
만질 수 없는
What does 'value' mean?
①방어 ②해마다의 ③가치 ④중간의 ⑤신학
가치
What does 'verbal' mean?
①분석가 ②부분적인 ③말의 ④닥치다 ⑤최저의
말의
What does 'violence' mean?
①갑자기 ②인식하다 ③폭력/위반 ④지명 ⑤관계가 있는
폭력/위반
What does 'visual' mean?
①신탁 ②출구 ③떠나다 ④속하다 ⑤시각적인
시각적인
What does 'visually' mean?
①생생한 ②스택 ③절망적으로 ④기념일 ⑤시각적으로
시각적으로
What does 'vitality' mean?
①전략 ②활력/생명력 ③자외선 ④수집 ⑤정제하다
활력/생명력
What does 'widespread' mean?
①안전한 ②공동체 ③광범위한 ④효과적으로 ⑤중간의
광범위한
What does 'yield' mean?
①붙잡음 ②흥분시키다자극하다 ③생산하다/양보 ④절망적으로 ⑤기준
생산하다/양보
This is ⌘VOCAB_Eng-Eng Quiz. 😂
What does 'abandon' mean?
①discard/withdraw ②elaborate/ornate/fussy ③mourn/grieve ④grasp/grip/retain ⑤amusing/funny/humorous
discard/withdraw
What does 'abundant' mean?
①convince/influenceissuade/deter ②gain/earnings/benefit ③ample/sufficient ④firm/solid/difficult ⑤displease/affront/disgust
ample/sufficient
What does 'conflict' mean?
①fight/battle/struggle ②considerate/tender/thoughtful ③start/initiate ④nonsensical/foolish/preposterous ⑤hurt/impair/harm
fight/battle/struggle
What does 'conflict' mean?
①separate/unfasten/removettach ②oppose/differ/clashgree ③customary/traditional ④riches/prosperity/assets ⑤stubborn/bullheaded/adamant
oppose/differ/clashgree
What does 'damage' mean?
①scanty/sparse/poorbundant/generous ②remarkable/outstanding ③identical/alike/equivalentifferent/diverse ④hurt/impair/harm ⑤unused/new
hurt/impair/harm
What does 'determined' mean?
①joy/rapture/elation ②concrete/definite ③sure/convinced/resoluteoubtful ④tame/gentle ⑤trustworthy/steadfast/stable
sure/convinced/resoluteoubtful
What does 'disagree' mean?
①differ/disputegree ②increase,total ③conceivable/feasible/plausible ④spotless/pureirty/filthy ⑤quiet/tranquil/still
differ/disputegree
What does 'encourage' mean?
①promote/support/urgeiscourage ②promote/support/urgeiscourage ③mistrust/disputeelieve ④shut/fasten ⑤unintelligent/dense/foolish
promote/support/urgeiscourage
What does 'enormous' mean?
①clever/cunning/crafty ②vast/immense/colossal ③rouse/stir/motivate ④extinct/dated/antiquated ⑤start/initiate
vast/immense/colossal
What does 'immune' mean?
①sufficient/enough/ample ②provoke/embitter ③weaken/thin ④helpful/useful/advantageous ⑤resistant/exempt
resistant/exempt
What does 'logical' mean?
①sensible/sane/rational ②cool/nippy ③knowing/scholarly/smartull/uneducated ④insane/daft/mad ⑤lengthy
sensible/sane/rational
What does 'reveal' mean?
①enrage/agitate/provoke ②marred/defective/faulty ③show/disclose/divulge ④curtail/lessen/decrease ⑤genuine/real/factual
show/disclose/divulge
What does 'separate' mean?
①unconscious/preoccupied/dazed ②cherished/valuable/prizedheap/worthless ③divide/segregate/partition ④scanty/sparse/poorbundant/generous ⑤repair/fixreak
divide/segregate/partition
What does 'yield' mean?
①produce/bear/provide ②increase,total ③dreadful/horrible/vile ④support/recommend ⑤shy/timid
produce/bear/provide
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화목 C반
https://www.evernote.com/l/AU4ngwwJMtpMAY2if2riUOtxz81qAF6ZOLU
화목E
https://www.evernote.com/l/AU6bt04Mx7xIioM6Y5kYcBji9ewcxl3T8PI
월수E
https://www.evernote.com/l/AU5JbkyBnVFDub4ZhQv18gvFpOqw5d8cHEY
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위스마트학원 영어 임희재 수업 시간표
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