1511H3 | Since 2005 위스마트, 임희재 | WAYNE.TISTORY.COM | +821033383436 | 제작일 20180901

 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      


1. <8> My heart swells as much as my chubby bags; yet, I'd better get some sleep since a long, tough journey is ahead of me. 1511H3-19


2. <7> If your picture of a counselor is someone who never disagrees, always "goes along," wants everything to be nice all the time, and only does what other people want him or her to do, this is not a picture of an assertive counselor. 1511H3-20


3. <12> An assertive counselor would find a way to call that person's attention to the fact that the joke is racist, explaining how it offended the hearer, and suggesting ways similar jokes could be avoided. 1511H3-20


4. <8> Being assertive is a highly developed skill ― it should fit nicely in the counselor's repertoire of techniques. 1511H3-20


5. <7> The negative effects of extrinsic motivators such as grades have been documented with students from different cultures. 1511H3-21


6. <17> Although this matter is more complex than simply regarding all extrinsic rewards as controlling or diminishing learning, we agree with Richard Ryan and his colleagues that people across different cultures are likely to express more satisfaction with their lives when their primary goals are intrinsic rather than extrinsic. 1511H3-21


7. <13> Another consistent research finding is that when a learning activity is undertaken explicitly to attain some extrinsic reward, people respond by seeking the least demanding way of ensuring the reward. 1511H3-21


8. <17> Since there are three decades of evidence that dominating instruction with a system of controlling external rewards may contribute to inferior learning, using a pedagogy based on theories of intrinsic motivation appears to be a more reasonable and effective approach to enhancing learning among culturally diverse students. 1511H3-21


9. <7> Twin sirens hide in the sea of history, tempting those seeking to understand and appreciate the past onto the reefs of misunderstanding and misinterpretation. 1511H3-22


10. <10> Temporocentrism and ethnocentrism unite to cause individuals and cultures to judge all other individuals and cultures by the "superior" standards of their current culture. 1511H3-22


11. <7> This leads to a total lack of perspective when dealing with past and / or foreign cultures and a resultant misunderstanding and misappreciation of them. 1511H3-22


12. <7> When we remark with surprise that someone "looks young" for his or her chronological age, we are observing that we all age biologically at different rates. 1511H3-23


13. <11> It is likely that age changes begin in different parts of the body at different times and that the rate of annual change varies among various cells, tissues, and organs, as well as from person to person. 1511H3-23


14. <12> What we would like to have is one or a few measurable biological changes that mirror all other biological age changes without reference to the passage of time, so that we could say, for example, that someone who is chronologically eighty years old is biologically sixty years old. 1511H3-23


15. <7> This kind of measurement would help explain why one eighty-year-old has so many more youthful qualities than does another eighty-year-old, who may be biologically eighty or even ninety years old. 1511H3-23


16. <7> In both cases the focus is exclusively on the object, with no attention paid to the possibility that some force outside the object might be relevant. 1511H3-28


17. <13> But the Chinese saw the world as consisting of continuously interacting substances, so their attempts to understand it caused them to be oriented toward the complexities of the entire "field," that is, the context or environment as a whole. 1511H3-28


18. <7> One immediate reason was easy enough to spot: the local human population was cutting down the reed beds at a furious rate. 1511H3-29


19. <7> To compensate for this rather obvious defect, a specially selected species of fish called the Large-mouthed Bass was introduced. 1511H3-29


20. <8> Which cultural item is accepted depends largely on the item's use and compatibility with already existing cultural traits. 1511H3-31


21. <9> For example, it is not likely that men's hair dyes designed to "get out the gray" will spread into parts of rural Africa where a person's status is elevated with advancing years. 1511H3-31


22. <7> Even when an innovation is consistent with a society's needs, there is still no guarantee that it will be accepted. 1511H3-31


23. <7> have resisted adopting the metric system even though making such a change would enable US citizens to interface with the rest of the world more efficiently. 1511H3-31


24. <7> In many situations, however, the boundary between good and bad is a reference point that changes over time and depends on the immediate circumstances. 1511H3-32


25. <7> As you wander around, you find a large rock that provides some shelter from the fury of the elements. 1511H3-32


26. <12> The biologist Michel Cabanac would call the experience of that moment intensely pleasurable because it functions, as pleasure normally does, to indicate the direction of a biologically significant improvement of circumstances. 1511H3-32


27. <13> However, private capital started to flow into seed production and took it over as a sector of the economy, creating an artificial split between the two aspects of the seed's nature: its role as means of production and its role as product. 1511H3-33


28. <7> They would see in his poems a vibrant cultural performance, an individual springing from the book with tremendous charisma and appeal. 1511H3-34


29. <9> Out of the political rallies and electoral parades that marked Jacksonian America, Whitman defined poetic fame in relation to the crowd. 1511H3-34


30. <7> In the instability of American democracy, fame would be dependent on celebrity, on the degree to which the people rejoiced in the poet and his work. 1511H3-34


31. <13> Sometimes, after punishment has been administered a few times, it needn't be continued, because the mere threat of punishment is enough to induce the desired behavior. 1511H3-36


32. <7> For instance, a child who has been repeatedly criticized for poor performance on math may learn to dodge difficult math problems in order to avoid further punishment.1511H3-36


33. <12> Here, based on a complex sensory analysis that is not only restricted to the sense of taste but also includes smell, touch, and hearing, the final decision whether to swallow or reject food is made. 1511H3-39


34. <13> Frequently, this complex interaction between different senses is inappropriately referred to as 'taste' although it should be better called flavor perception, because it uses multiple senses. 1511H3-39


35. <14> Performance must be judged in terms of what is under the control of the individuals being evaluated rather than those influences on performance that are beyond their control. 1511H3-40


36. <8> There can be broad, influential factors, sometimes of an economic nature, that hold down the performance of everyone being judged. 1511H3-40


37. <10> If there is a general downturn in the economy and products or services are not being purchased with the same frequency as in the previous year, sales could be down, for example, by an average of 15%. 1511H3-40


38. <10> Our exploration of worlds such as Jupiter would be called basic science, and it is easy to argue that basic science is not worth the effort and expense because it has no known practical use. 1511H3-41~42


39. <7> Basic scientific research has yet one more important use that is so valuable it seems an insult to refer to it as merely functional. 1511H3-41~42


40. <7> She recalled the first day of school when she had stood in that same place, in the middle of many anxious freshmen, some of whom had become her closest friends.1511H3-43~45