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20ss | Since 2005 임희재 | 블루티쳐학원 | 01033383436 | 200710 23:17:34

VOCABULARY

 

20수특 1-1


1. ①후보자②지원자 (ca)ndidate


2. clients 고객


3. 동료 (co)lleague


4. department ①부②부서


5. deserves ①받을 만하다②가치가 있다


6. employee 직원


7. promote ①홍보하다②승진시키다


8. regret ①후회하다②유감


 


 

20수특 1-2


9. absence ①결석②부재


10. afford ①여유가 있다②할 수 있다


11. aware ①알고 있는②인식하는


12. ①부주의②경솔 (ca)relessness


13. disappointing ①실망시키다②낙담시키다


14. duties ①의무②임무


15. ①이루다②이행하다 (fu)lfill


16. hence ①그러므로②앞으로


17. ①무책임한②책임감이 없는 (ir)responsible


18. unfortunate ①불행한②유감스러운


 


 

20수특 1-3


19. ①적용②응용 (ap)plications


20. chemistry ①화학②궁합


21. ①학습 과제②교과 학습 (co)ursework


22. ①전기의②전자의 (el)ectrical


23. 매료된 (fa)scinated


24. flexible ①유연한②신축성 있는


25. ①서기소②영어 알파벳의 각 자모 등 (gr)aphene


26. ①명예로운②영광으로 생각하여 (ho)nored


27. ①독립한②무소속의 (in)dependent


28. ①소개의②서두의 (in)troductory


29. lab ①연구실②실험실


30. nanotechnology ①나노 기술②나노테크놀로지


31. term ①용어②기간


32. ①투명한②속보이는 (tr)ansparent


33. ①대학의②학부의 (un)dergraduate


34. utilized ①이용하다②활용하다


 


 

20수특 1-4


35. ①적용②응용 (ap)plication


36. ①적용된②응용의 (ap)plied


37. approval ①승인②허가


38. ①승인된②통과된 (ap)proved


39. deepest ①깊은②긴


40. ①감사②고마움 (gr)atitude


41. 알리다 (in)form


42. ①보험②보험금 (in)surance


43. ①인내②참을성 (pa)tience


44. ①정책②제도 (po)licy


45. ①제공자②사업자 (pr)ovider


46. reference ①참고②기준


 


 

20수특 2-1


47. ①블리자드②눈보라 (bl)izzard


48. crouch ①숙이다②구부리다


49. 히말라야 산맥의 구릉들 (fo)othills


50. hillside ①언덕의 비탈②산허리


51. 산쑥 (sa)gebrush


52. slope ①경사②스키장


53. ①눈 오는②눈 덮인 (sn)owy


54. ①가파른②급격한 (st)eep


55. 목재 (ti)mbered


56. ①똑바로②직립한 (up)right


57. vegetated ①식물로 덮힌②식물을 심은


 


 

20수특 2-2


58. devastating ①큰 타격을 받은②황폐한


59. editing ①편집하다②교정하다


60. 이마 (fo)rehead


61. ①의도②의사 (in)tention


62. promising ①유망한②촉망되는


63. quizzically 묻는 듯이


64. ①좌절②실패 (se)tback


65. shattered ①산산이 부서진②손상된


66. ①승리②승리감 (tr)iumphed


 


 

20수특 2-3


67. ①승무원②종업원 (at)tendants


68. beeswax ①밀랍②일


69. circumstances ①상황②환경


70. ①칼라②목걸이 (co)llar


71. delight ①기쁘게 하다②기쁨


72. ①우아한②훌륭한 (el)egant


73. garment ①의류②옷


74. inherit ①물려받다②유전되다


75. ①감각②센세이션 (se)nsation


76. ①용해하다②냄새가 느껴졌다 (sm)elt


77. ①조용히②쉿 (so)ftest


78. thrilling ①스릴②흥분


79. 솔질을 하지 않은 (un)brushed


80. ①광대하게②막대하게 (va)stly


 


 

20수특 2-4


81. adjust ①조정되다②적응하다


82. ①경계를 나타내는 것②경계 (bo)undaries


83. demonstrated ①논증하다②명시하다


84. minimized ①ㅇㅇ의 양을 최소 한도로 하다②최소 한도로 평가하다


85. perspective ①관점②시각


86. spiraled ①나사선 코스를 잡게 하다②나선꼴로 움직이다


87. supportive ①부양하는②지지하는


88. 언어로 나타내다 (ve)rbalize


 


 

20수특 3-1


89. ①성취②업적 (ac)complishments


90. ①전설적인②유명한 (le)gendary


91. letting 하게하다


92. scorebook ①득점 기입장②득점 기록부


93. ①장관의②화려한 (sp)ectacular


 


 

20수특 3-2


94. admire ①존경하다②감탄하다


95. 소 (ca)ttle


96. ①매력②매혹하다 (ch)arm


97. ①행위②행동 (de)eds


98. emotional 감정적인


99. eventually ①결국②마침내


100. ①영웅의②숭고한 (he)roic


101. ①영감을 주다②고무하다 (in)spire


102. intellect ①지성②지식인


103. irrational ①비이성적인②비합리적인


104. lonesome ①외로운②인적이 드문


105. ①애인②사랑하는 남녀 (lo)vers


106. qualities ①특성②성질


107. ①배회자②삼림 경비관 (ra)ngers


108. ①합리적인②이성적인 (ra)tional


109. ①험악한②튼튼한 (ru)gged


110. sabotage ①방해②파괴


111. ①희생②제물 (sa)crifice


112. 살아남아 있는 (su)rviving


 


 

20수특 3-3


113. anthropologist 인류학자


114. ①우주②코스모스 (co)smos


115. ①구별하다②구분하다 (di)stinguished


116. theorize ①이론을 세우다②가설을 세우다


117. unfinished ①미완성의②마무리하지 않은


 


 

20수특 3-4


118. ①광고하다②홍보하다 (ad)vertised


119. avail ①소용되다②쓸모있다


120. bounty ①박애②현상금


121. ①분명히②뚜렷하게 (di)stinctly


122. dozens ①12개②수십


123. fortunate ①운 좋은②다행인


124. ①부채가 있는②은혜를 입은 (in)debted


125. laces ①레이스②끈


126. ①조심성 없게②부주의하게 (mi)ndlessly


127. scuffed 문질러서 닳은


128. shoeshine ①구두닦기②닦은 구두의 표면


 


 

20수특 4-1


129. advent ①출현②도래


130. ①항공기②비행기 (ai)rcraft


131. ①항공사②비행기 (ai)rline


132. cockpit ①조종석②운전석


133. conducts ①실시하다②수행하다


134. ①섬세한②민감한 (de)licate


135. deplanes ①비행기에서 내리다②비행기에서 내리게 하다


136. ①목적지②관광지 (de)stinations


137. ①독특한②특유의 (di)stinctive


138. ①살균제②살균력 있는 (ge)rmicides


139. insiders ①관계자②내부자


140. inspection ①검사②감사


141. ①뜨개질을 하다②니트 (kn)its


142. necessity ①필요성②필수품


143. outsiders 국외자를 믿지 않다


144. 영국 의사회 (ph)ysicians


145. procedure ①절차②과정


146. prolonged ①장기화하다②연장하다


147. 의식 (ri)tes


148. ①스크럽②문지르다 (sc)rub


149. ①피상적인②겉으로 드러나는 (su)perficial


150. ①외과의②수술의 (su)rgical


151. symbolically ①상징적으로②기호로


152. ①이륙하다②벗기다 (ta)keoff


153. ①더할 나위 없는②부정하기 어려운 (un)deniable


 


 

20수특 4-2


154. ①태도②자세 (at)titude


155. ①끊임없이 따라다니는②쉴 새 없이 엄습하는 (be)setting


156. ①더럽히다②못되게 하다 (co)ntaminates


157. ①비판②비난 (cr)iticism


158. criticizing ①비평하다②흠을 찾다


159. disapproval ①반대②비난


160. ①희망을 잃게 하다②그만두게 하다 (di)scourages


161. ①불만②불평 (di)ssatisfaction


162. dogged ①완고한②쉽사리 굽히지 않는


163. ①과도한②지나친 (ex)cessive


164. misguided ①잘못 인도된②잘못 인식한


165. motivation ①동기 부여②욕구


166. ①공격②모욕적인 (of)fensive


167. ①아버지 같은②아버지다운 (pa)ternal


168. ①부아가 나는②성가신 (pr)ovoking


169. ①분노②적의 (re)sentment


 


 

20수특 4-3


170. ①행동하다②예의 바르게 행동하다 (be)having


171. coated ①코트②칠하다


172. function ①기능②역할


173. predictable ①예언할 수 있는②새로운 게 없는


174. sort ①분류하다②정렬하다


 


 

20수특 4-4


175. ①이해②감사 (ap)preciation


176. centered 중심의


177. civic ①시민의②민간


178. ①문맥②상황 (co)ntext


179. convenience ①편의②편리


180. deprives ①박탈하다②빼앗다


181. 개인주의 (in)dividualism


182. inherent ①내재된②고유의


183. interact ①작용하다②교류하다


184. involvement ①관련②개입


185. lack ①부족②ㅇㅇ이 없다


186. ①리더십②지도력 (le)adership


187. mutes ①무언의②약음기


188. participation ①참여②참가


189. ①인식②지각 (pe)rception


190. relativity ①상대성②상대성 원리


191. ①회전하다②순환하다 (ro)tates


192. ①과도한②심한 (un)due


193. ①약함②약점 (we)akness


 


 

20수특 4-5


194. acquire ①얻다②습득하다


195. conscious ①의식한②친화적


196. fuzzy ①보풀로 덮인②보풀 모양의


197. illogical ①비논리적인②조리가 닿지 않는


198. ①보급②유행 (pr)evalence


199. ①경직된②엄격한 (ri)gid


200. techniques ①기법②기술


 


 

20수특 4-6


201. assume ①가정하다②생각하다


202. conducted ①실시하다②수행하다


203. ensure ①ㅇㅇ하기 위해②보장하다


204. phrase ①말②구절


205. refers 언급하다


206. ①신뢰성②신뢰도 (re)liability


207. ①확실하게②의지할 수 있게 (re)liably


208. ①반복되는②많은 (re)plicated


209. 중요성 (si)gnificance


210. significant ①중요한②상당한


211. statistical ①통계의②통계상의


212. term ①용어②기간


213. ①불행한②유감스러운 (un)fortunate


214. vocabulary ①어휘②단어


 


 

20수특 4-7


215. exist ①존재하다②있다


216. function ①기능②역할


217. 작은 숲 (gr)oves


218. ①의도하다②계획하다 (in)tend


219. occupy ①점령하다②차지하다


220. ①인지하다②인식하다 (pe)rceive


221. sacred ①신성한②성스러운


222. ①온전한 정신②판단의 건전함 (sa)nity


223. semiprivate ①소수용인②반사적인


224. survival ①생존②살아남기


225. ①황야②자연 (wi)lderness


 


 

20수특 4-8


226. beneficial ①이로운②유익한


227. ①만나다②마주치다 (en)counters


228. ①조사하다②검토하다 (ex)amine


229. prescribe ①처방하다②규정하다


230. promotion ①홍보②승진


231. realities ①현실②실물과 꼭 같음


232. remedies ①의약품②교정 수단


233. selected ①선택된②선발된


 


 

20수특 5-1


234. ①흡수하다②열중하다 (ab)sorbing


235. ①청각의②소리의 (ac)oustical


236. aesthetically ①미적으로②심미적으로


237. avoided ①피하다②무효로 하다


238. beneath ①아래에②밑에


239. conditioners 조절 장치


240. considerations ①고려②배려


241. ①외풍이 있는②통풍이 잘되는 (dr)afty


242. 마루까지 닿는 휘장 (dr)aperies


243. ①도관으로 보내다②도관 (du)cts


244. instrument ①악기②도구


245. satisfactory 만족스러운


246. 살수기 (sp)rinkler


 


 

20수특 5-2


247. aggressiveness ①공격성②적극성


248. approach ①접근하다②접근법


249. 단호한 태도 (as)sertiveness


250. ①연관된②관계가 있는 (as)sociated


251. ①상황②환경 (ci)rcumstances


252. confront ①직면하다②맞서다


253. fearful ①두려워하는②무서운


254. ①리더십②지도력 (le)adership


255. optimistic ①낙관적인②긍정적인


256. ①결과②성과 (ou)tcomes


257. ①인식②지각 (pe)rceptions


258. persistence ①고집②지속


259. pessimism ①비관론②비관주의


260. powerless ①효과 없는②무효의


261. requirement 필요조건


262. retreat ①후퇴②물러서다


263. ①순종하는②복종하는 (su)bmissive


264. theorists 이론가


 


 

20수특 5-3


265. attaining ①달성하다②이루다


266. ①왜곡하다②뒤틀다 (di)storted


267. lottery ①복권②추첨


268. ①정직②고결 (ri)ghteousness


269. ①부족한②희귀한 (sc)arce


270. theology ①신학②신학 이론


 


 

20수특 5-4


271. ①이점②우위 (ad)vantage


272. ①저작자가 미심쩍은②가짜의 (ap)ocryphal


273. ①보증된②자신이 있는 (as)sured


274. calculations ①계산②측정


275. conducted ①실시하다②수행하다


276. ①갈등②분쟁 (co)nflict


277. consequences ①결과②대가


278. ①유래된②유도 (de)rived


279. ①소화하다②먹다 (di)gesting


280. economic ①경제의②경기의


281. intellectuals ①지적인②지성을 지닌


282. ①비이성적인②비합리적인 (ir)rational


283. ①병상②병리학 (pa)thology


284. ①정치②정계 (po)litics


285. profit ①이익②수익


286. ①합리적인②이성적인 (ra)tional


 


 

20수특 6-1


287. ①쌓아 올리다②쌓이다 (ac)cumulated


288. appliances ①가전제품②기기


289. assets ①자산②재산


290. ①기여하다②공헌하다 (co)ntribute


291. ①과감하게②철저히 (dr)astically


292. ①경제의②경기의 (ec)onomic


293. ①노인②어른 (el)ders


294. 기업가의 (en)trepreneurial


295. ①필수의②반드시 ㅇㅇ해야 하는 (im)perative


296. investment ①투자②출자


297. ①포인트②비율 (pe)rcentage


298. purchases ①구매하다②구입하다


299. retire ①은퇴하다②퇴직하다


300. retiring ①은퇴의②퇴직의


301. workforce ①전 종업원②노동 인구


 


 

20수특 6-2


302. arrival ①도착②등장


303. ①시도하다②노력 (at)tempt


304. caretaker ①관리인②돌보는 사람


305. ①우려②관한 (co)ncern


306. ①필사적인②절실한 (de)sperate


307. ①소멸②멸종 (ex)tinctions


308. 날지 못하는 (fl)ightless


309. ①영향②충격 (im)pact


310. 개인들 (in)dividuals


311. invaded ①침입하다②쳐들어가다


312. ①분리하다②고립시키다 (is)olating


313. keen ①예민한②예리한


314. ①박물학자②동물학자 (na)turalist


315. occupied ①차지하다②끌다


316. predation ①약탈②포식


317. ①포식자②약탈자 (pr)edator


318. ①원격의②외딴 (re)mote


319. ①결의②해상도 (re)solution


320. 족제비 (st)oats


321. technique ①기법②기술


322. translocated ①ㅇㅇ의 장소를 옮기다②전류시키다


 


 

20수특 6-3


323. ①태도②자세 (at)titudes


324. authoritatively ①위엄을 가지고②명령조로


325. constructive 건설적인


326. ①문맥②상황 (co)ntext


327. desires ①욕망을 가지다②바라다


328. eagerness ①열의②열망


329. ①입대②요청 (en)list


330. ①보여주다②예이다 (ex)emplify


331. ①재단②기반 (fo)undation


332. fulfilling ①이루다②이행하다


333. ①동일함②본인임 (id)entities


334. 개인의 (in)dividual


335. purposeful ①목적 있는②의도를 가진


336. refusal ①거부②거절


337. signify ①의미하다②나타내다


338. supportive ①부양하는②지지하는


339. ①내성이 있는②관대한 (to)lerant


340. ①충동②열망 (ur)ges


341. validates 정당성을 입증하다


342. victimized ①손해를 주다②제물로서 죽이다


 


 

20수특 6-4


343. attentive ①주의 깊은②세심한


344. ①타협하다②절충하다 (co)mpromised


345. considerations ①고려②배려


346. contribute ①기여하다②공헌하다


347. ①가구②가정의 (ho)usehold


348. ①관련된②관여하는 (in)volved


349. ①공동의②관절 (jo)int


350. maintain ①유지하다②계속하다


351. ①관리②간부 (ma)naging


352. manger ①여물통②구유


353. ①협상하다②협의하다 (ne)gotiate


354. ①선호②좋아하기 (pr)eferences


 


 

20수특 8-1


355. academy ①아카데미②학술원


356. ①이해②감사 (ap)preciation


357. ①졸업장②학위 (di)ploma


358. homeland ①조국②고향


359. ①설명하다②묘사하다 (il)lustrated


360. ①설명하다②묘사하다 (il)lustrating


361. ①증가하다②늘리다 (in)crease


362. pacifist ①평화주의자②반전론자


363. stance ①입장②자세


364. ①뒤에②다음에 (su)bsequently


365. trade ①무역②거래


 


 

20수특 8-2


366. ①시도하다②노력 (at)tempting


367. ①배②부풀다 (be)lly


368. ①혼합②혼합물 (bl)ending


369. breed ①품종②육성


370. 솜꼬리토끼 (co)ttontail


371. derived ①유래된②유도


372. ①파다②발굴하다 (di)g


373. disused ①사용되지 않는②폐지된


374. dug ①dig의 과거 과거 분사형②젖꼭지


375. ①설립하다②세우다 (es)tablish


376. ①계층제②성직 위계제 (hi)erarchies


377. ①짝②배우자 (ma)tes


378. outrun ①ㅇㅇ보다 멀리 달리다②앞지르다


379. predators ①포식자②약탈자


380. pursuers 추적자들


381. restricted ①제한된②한정된


382. ①둥글게 된②완성된 (ro)unded


383. ①얕은②얄팍한 (sh)allow


384. surroundings ①주위의②주변의


385. ①이면②밑바닥 (un)derside


386. ①지그재그로 하다②지그재그로 (zi)gzag


 


 

20수특 8-6


387. ①에이커②많은 (ac)re


388. ①미학②미적 감각 (ae)sthetics


389. appreciation ①이해②감사


390. bigelow 아카시아나무


391. ①상호 관계②상관 관계 (co)rrelation


392. ①튀기다②첨벙 처넣다 (da)bbled


393. encounter ①만나다②마주치다


394. estate ①재산②소유권


395. extensive ①광범위한②대규모의


396. formal ①공식적인②정식의


397. ①육성하다②증진하다 (fo)stered


398. interval ①간격②구간


399. ①깊은 곳에서②절실히 (pr)ofoundly


400. ①거주하다②존재하다 (re)sided


401. schooled ①가르치다②교육하다


402. summed 합계하다


 


 

20수특 8-7


403. ①농축②집중 (co)ncentration


404. distributing ①분배하는②배급하는


405. ①산업②업계 (in)dustry


406. mechanism ①메커니즘②장치


407. ①특허②보호 (pa)tent


408. ①생산성②생산력 (pr)oductivity


409. settled ①안정된②정착한


410. ①대가리가 납작한 못②시침질 (ta)cks


 


 

20수특 9-1


411. beam ①빔②광선


412. brilliance ①광휘②광채


413. educating ①교양 있는②교육을 받은


414. forgotten 잊혀진


415. ①영향②충격 (im)pact


416. ①투옥②감금 (im)prisonment


417. ①백열의②고온에 의해 생기는 (in)candescent


418. ①부정②부당 (in)justice


419. ①밝아지다②번쩍 빛나다 (li)ghtening


420. ①편견②침해 (pr)ejudicing


421. privileged ①특권의②혜택


422. ①인종의②민족의 (ra)cial


423. ①상대성②상대성 원리 (re)lativity


424. spark ①촉발시키다②스파크


425. transform ①바꾸어 놓다②변화시키다


 


 

20수특 9-2


426. absorbed ①흡수하다②열중하다


427. ①소외②양도 (al)ienation


428. ①미국식으로 하다②미국화하다 (am)ericanized


429. ①호소②매력 (ap)peal


430. ①약ㅇㅇ②ㅇㅇ여 (ap)proximately


431. ①상업용의②상업적인 (co)mmercial


432. consequently ①결과적으로②그에 따른


433. ①선언된②선포 (de)clared


434. eclectic ①절충적인②다양한


435. ①자유②석방 (fr)eedom


436. ①진심어린②진정어린 (he)artfelt


437. ①자기 집에서 기른②당지 산의 (ho)megrown


438. identity ①정체성②자신


439. ①산업②업계 (in)dustry


440. ①주된 역할을 하는②기악 (in)strumental


441. minstrel ①음유 시인②시인


442. ①분지②나뭇가지 (of)fshoot


443. oral ①입의②구두의


444. sacred ①신성한②성스러운


445. selections ①선택②선발


446. symbolic 상징적인


447. ①조율하다②맞추다 (tu)nes


448. unmistakable ①명백한②틀릴 여지가 없는


449. versions ①버전②판


 


 

20수특 9-3


450. accomplish ①성취하다②이루어 내다


451. ①분주함②다망 (bu)syness


452. determines ①결정하다②결심하다


453. equal ①평등한②동등한


454. ①조심성 없게②부주의하게 (mi)ndlessly


455. ①우선시하다②우선순위 (pr)ioritize


456. prioritizing ①우선 순위를 매기다②중요한 것부터 들다


457. ①생산성②생산력 (pr)oductivity


458. scroll ①스크롤②두루마리


459. ①무의식의②의식을 잃은 (un)conscious


 


 

20수특 9-4


460. 접근 (ac)cess


461. brilliant ①훌륭한②뛰어난


462. conceived ①마음에 품다②상상하다


463. employs 고용하다


464. essence ①본질②정수


465. established ①설립하다②세우다


466. ①그러므로②앞으로 (he)nce


467. ①모방②모조품 (im)itation


468. ①나타내다②가리키다 (in)dicate


469. ①재능②재능 있는 사람 (in)genium


470. ①영감②자극 (in)spiration


471. intuition ①직관적 통찰②직감


472. ①질서 있게②조직적으로 (me)thodically


473. precepts ①가르침②지시


474. ①생산성②생산력 (pr)oductivity


475. 과학적으로 (sc)ientifically


476. significance 중요성


477. ①용어②기간 (te)rm


478. ①자취②자취 (tr)aced


 


 

20수특 9-5


479. attempts ①시도하다②노력


480. ①주장하다②말하다 (cl)aiming


481. ①흔한②다반사 (co)mmonplace


482. contestants ①경쟁자②논쟁자


483. diet 식단


484. factors ①요소②인수


485. ①페이딩②쇠퇴 (fa)ds


486. ①성급함②안달 (im)patience


487. implies ①뜻을 함축하다②암시하다


488. trim ①잘라내다②다듬다


489. ①허리의 선②허리 둘레 (wa)istline


 


 

20수특 9-6


490. accuracy ①정확도②정확


491. anonymously ①익명으로②특색 없이


492. clip ①동영상②클립


493. predict ①예측하다②전망하다


494. psychological ①심리학의②정신의


495. revealed ①드러내다②나타내다


 


 

20수특 9-7


496. ①외계인②외국인 (al)ien


497. ①양자택일②한쪽 (al)ternatives


498. ①부여하다②할당하다 (as)signed


499. consequences ①결과②대가


500. countless ①많은②셀 수 없는


501. cultivate ①재배하다②양성하다


502. empathize ①감정 이입을 하다②공감하다


503. ①만나다②마주치다 (en)counter


504. ①통화 중인②바쁜 (en)gaged


505. ①활기띠게 하다②약동하게 하다 (en)liven


506. envision ①상상하다②마음에 그리다


507. ①공상②몽상 (fa)ntasy


508. ①융통성②구부리기 쉬움 (fl)exibility


509. ①작용하다②교류하다 (in)teracting


510. minimally 최소한으로


511. multiple 다수의


512. narrative ①설명적인②이야기


513. utilizing ①이용하다②활용하다


 


 

20수특 9-8


514. advertiser ①광고자②광고인


515. afford ①여유가 있다②할 수 있다


516. appliance ①가전제품②기기


517. comparisons 비교


518. concern ①우려②관한


519. ①소비자②고객 (co)nsumer


520. ①광고 문안가②원고를 쓰는 사람 (co)pywriter


521. crafted ①공예②만들다


522. ①접시 씻기②접시 씻는 (di)shwashing


523. ①앗 (fl)ipping


524. ①부여하다②주다 (gr)anted


525. housekeeping ①살림②안내


526. pang ①격통②양심의 가책


527. persuasion ①설득②신앙


528. purchase ①구매하다②구입하다


 


 

20수특 10-1


529. alternatives ①양자택일②한쪽


530. automatically ①자동적으로②자연히


531. ①점착성이 있는②응집력이 있는 (co)hesive


532. ①합의②의견 (co)nsensus


533. ①고려②배려 (co)nsideration


534. ①반대의②정반대의 (co)ntrary


535. deviate ①벗어나다②빗나가다


536. ①불화②불일치 (di)scord


537. effectiveness ①효과적인②유효성


538. enormous ①엄청난②거대한


539. established ①설립하다②세우다


540. ①배제②제외 (ex)clusion


541. ①틀②천장널 (pa)nels


542. ①정치적으로②정략적으로 (po)litically


543. psychologist ①심리학자②정신과 의사


544. rejected ①거절하다②버리다


545. ①관련②관련성 (re)levance


546. ①비웃다②조롱하다 (ri)diculed


547. stature ①신장②키


548. urge ①촉구하다②요구하다


 


 

20수특 10-2


549. backdrop ①배경막②배경막을 달다


550. ①거의 ㅇㅇ않다②겨우 (ba)rely


551. ①파도치게 하다②큰 파도 (bi)llowing


552. blooded ①혈액②피


553. ①찍찍②찍찍 울다 (ch)irping


554. ①일정한②지속적인 (co)nstant


555. decent ①제대로 된②품위있는


556. ①주파수②빈도 (fr)equency


557. grasses ①풀②볏과의 식물


558. grasshoppers 메뚜기가 뛰다


559. habitat ①서식지②생태


560. ①풀②초본류 (he)rbs


561. orchestral 오케스트라의


562. ①규제하다②조절하다 (re)gulate


563. ①소리의 퍼짐②음향의 세계 (so)undscape


564. squeak 찍찍거리다


565. ①기준점②입구 (th)reshold


566. vibrations 진동을 일으키다


 


 

20수특 10-3


567. ①태도②자세 (at)titudes


568. ①ㅇㅇ에게 보너스를 주다②특별 수당 (bo)nuses


569. ①기간 요원②간부단의 일원 (ca)dres


570. conformity ①일치②적합


571. corporate ①기업의②회사의


572. corporation ①기업②회사


573. defined 정의된


574. dictated ①②구술하다


575. ①의무②임무 (du)ties


576. ①진지한②성실한 (ea)rnest


577. ①저항할 수 없는②억누를 수 없는 (ir)resistible


578. ①건이 있는②조절한 (ke)yed


579. ①홍보②승진 (pr)omotion


580. ①반란②반항 (re)bellion


581. ①확보하다②안전한 (se)cure


582. stockholders 주주명부


583. 쓸다 (sw)eep


 


 

20수특 10-4


584. ①인정하다②시인하다 (ad)mit


585. attempted ①시도하다②노력


586. forgotten 잊혀진


587. imitate ①모방하다②흉내내다


588. mathematical ①수학의②수리적인


589. precise ①정밀한②정확한


590. prejudice ①편견②선입관


591. ①주로②우선 (pr)imarily


592. ①심오한②깊은 (pr)ofound


593. quantification ①정량화②수량화


594. quantified ①ㅇㅇ의 분량을 정하다②양을 명시하다


595. ①정량화하다②양을 재다 (qu)antify


596. ①이성적으로②합리적으로 (ra)tionally


597. ①기법②기술 (te)chniques


 


 

20수특 10-5


598. apparent ①분명한②명백한


599. ①가정②추측 (as)sumptions


600. ①경계가 있는②구획된 (bo)unded


601. ①상식②흔히 볼 수 있는 (co)mmonsense


602. consists ①이루어지다②구성되다


603. define ①정의하다②말한다


604. ①사라짐②소멸 (di)sappearance


605. ①제거하다②실격시키다 (el)iminating


606. ①평가하다②수치를 구하다 (ev)aluated


607. ①이국적인②이국풍의 (ex)otic


608. extent ①정도②범위


609. fundamental ①기본적인②근본적인


610. heterodoxy ①이단②비정통


611. 삽화 (il)lustration


612. minded ①ㅇㅇ한 마음을 가진②ㅇㅇ에 흥미가 있는


613. morality 도덕성


614. observation ①관찰②관측


615. orthodoxy ①정통파적 신념②정교적 신앙


616. ①지각할 수 있는②지각할 수 있을 만큼의 (pe)rceptible


617. seek ①추구하다②찾다


618. span ①걸치다②기간


619. ①주식②증권 (st)ock


620. 목재 (ti)mber


621. ①보편적인②전 세계의 (un)iversal


622. ①환성을 지르며 말하다②와 (wh)ooping


 


 

20수특 10-6


623. accurately ①정확하게②그대로


624. ①달성하다②이루다 (at)tain


625. basically 기본적으로


626. ①개념②계획 (co)nception


627. ①다르다②차이 (di)ffer


628. 배선에 의한 (ha)rdwired


629. 개인들 (in)dividuals


630. inherit ①물려받다②유전되다


631. ①타고난②선천적인 (in)nate


632. ①한정된②제한을 받은 (li)mited


633. 최소한으로 (mi)nimally


634. musicality ①음악성②음악에의 재능


635. ①연설자②대표 연설자 (or)ators


636. ①참여②참가 (pa)rticipation


637. societies 사회


 


 

20수특 10-7


638. ①ally의 복수형②연합국 (al)lies


639. arguably ①아마 틀림없이②논증할 수 있는 일이지만


640. ①위기②위기 일발의 장면 (cr)ises


641. determined ①결정된②결심한


642. disturbing 방해하다


643. essay ①수필②논문


644. ①설립하다②세우다 (es)tablished


645. examined ①검사하다②시험하다


646. intriguingly 흥미롭게도


647. outcome ①결과②성과


648. ①결심한②결심이 굳은 (re)solved


649. ①팽팽하게 치기②긴장 (te)nsions


650. trigger ①촉발②유발하다


 


 

20수특 10-8


651. ①내세②사후의 생명 (af)terlife


652. ①매장②묘소 (bu)rial


653. ①사망한②죽은 (de)ceased


654. ①탈수시키다②건조시키다 (de)hydrate


655. dug ①dig의 과거 과거 분사형②젖꼭지


656. 정교하게하다 (el)aborate


657. ①시대②시절 (er)a


658. foetal ①태아의②태아의 상태의


659. fundamental ①기본적인②근본적인


660. gradual ①점진적인②조금씩


661. lifelike ①실물과 똑같은②살아 있는 듯한


662. mummification 미라화


663. 연습하다 (pr)actised


664. preferences ①선호②좋아하기


665. preservation ①보존②보전


666. ①준비②신속 (re)adiness


667. rebirth ①갱생②부활


668. ①유지하다②보유하다 (re)tained


669. ①정교한②복잡한 (so)phisticated


670. ①하층 사회②악의 세계 (un)derworld


 


 

20수특 11-1


671. businessman ①사업가②기업인


672. deprived ①박탈하다②빼앗다


673. depriving ①박탈하다②빼앗다


674. enmity ①적의②증오


675. ①빠져있는②집착 (ob)sessed


676. steer ①조종하다②돌리다


 


 

20수특 11-2


677. appreciatively ①고마워서②감탄하여


678. ①교활한②교묘한 (ar)tful


679. ①혼합②혼합물 (bl)end


680. masterpiece ①걸작②명작


681. ①눈에 띄는②주목할 만한 (no)ticeable


682. 인정하다 (re)cognised


683. rightful ①합법적인②적법의


684. sector ①부문②분야


685. simplicity ①단순②간단


686. 의심이 가는 (su)spected


687. vanished ①사라지다②자취를 감추다


 


 

20수특 11-3


688. buggy ①유모차②사륜차


689. instincts ①본능②타고난 재능


690. ①구두쇠②수전노 (mi)ser


691. motored ①모터②자동차


692. ①경우②때 (oc)casion


693. ①속보로 달리다②빠른 걸음으로 가다 (tr)otted


 


 

20수특 11-4


694. affairs ①문제②일


695. ①등가 달린②뒷받침이 있는 (ba)cked


696. claim ①주장하다②말하다


697. domestic ①국내의②내수


698. ①영향을 미치다②행사하다 (ex)ert


699. insightful ①통찰력 있는②영감있는


700. marked ①표시하다②두드러진


701. monarch ①군주②거물


702. mustn must not의 단축형


703. policy ①정책②제도


704. ①사임②사퇴 (re)sign


705. ①위협당한②협박당한 (th)reatened


706. ①구토②토하기 (vo)miting


 


 

20수특 12-1


707. 접근하기 쉬움 (ac)cessibility


708. 접근할 수 있는 (ac)cessible


709. activated ①활성화된②술취한


710. ①적용된②응용의 (ap)plied


711. charisma ①비범한 통솔력②남을 끌어당기는 강한 개성


712. chronically 만성적으로


713. context ①문맥②상황


714. ①결정된②결심한 (de)termined


715. differ ①다르다②차이


716. encountered ①만나다②마주치다


717. entertainment ①오락②연예


718. ①평가하다②수치를 구하다 (ev)aluating


719. ①평가자②평가하는 사람 (ev)aluator


720. heightened ①높게 하다②증가시키다


721. ①설명하다②묘사하다 (il)lustrate


722. involved ①관련된②관여하는


723. likelihood ①가능성②기회


724. persuasive ①설득력 있는②설득적인


725. schema ①개요②선험적 도식


726. ①자극②부양책 (st)imulus


 


 

20수특 12-2


727. additionally ①게다가②또한


728. attend ①참석하다②다니다


729. convincingly 납득이 가도록


730. elaborated 정교하게하다


731. ①존재②현존 (ex)istence


732. ①사교적인②무리의 (gr)egarious


733. ①본능②직감 (in)stinct


734. ①고립된②절연된 (is)olated


735. labeling 이름 붙이기


736. motives ①동기②의도


737. proportion ①비율②비례


738. ①동의어 반복②같은 말의 반복 (ta)utology


 


 

20수특 12-3


739. aroused 흥분한


740. attempting ①시도하다②노력


741. calmness ①고요②평온


742. colleague 동료


743. convinced ①확신하는②설득했다


744. ①주의 산만②혼란 (di)stractions


745. ①나른한②노곤한 (la)nguid


746. ①잠시 졸다②선잠 (na)pping


747. ①편곡된②편성된 (or)chestrated


748. prolifically ①다산하여②다작하여


749. ①강조하다②구두점을 찍다 (pu)nctuated


750. 홀짝홀짝 마시다 (si)pping


751. slots ①시간대②자리


752. ①부동②정적 (st)illness


753. unstructured 체계적으로 조직되어 있지 않은


 


 

20수특 12-4


754. ①위엄을 가지고②명령조로 (au)thoritatively


755. charge ①혐의②충전


756. ①전체적으로②일괄하여 (co)llectively


757. consciousness ①의식②인식


758. ①수반하다②필요로 하다 (en)tail


759. ①부과하다②제한하다 (im)pose


760. improvements ①개선②향상


761. individuals 개인들


762. inhabitants ①주민②사람


763. macrocosmic ①대우주의②전체계의


764. meaningful ①의미 있는②의미심장한


765. microcosmic ①소우주의②소세계의


766. ①해결하다②결심하다 (re)solve


 


 

20수특 12-5


767. anonymous ①익명의②이름을 밝히지 않은


768. ①집단적인②공동의 (co)llective


769. combining ①결합시키다②합치다


770. ①ㅇㅇ로 이뤄지다②구성하다 (co)mprises


771. conform ①순응하다②따르다


772. consensus ①합의②의견


773. ①조언을 청하다②참고하다 (co)nsulted


774. feedback ①피드백②반응


775. gauge ①측정하다②척도


776. modify ①변경하다②변형하다


777. ①신화②신화학 (my)thology


778. 계획 (pr)oject


779. ①증명된②입증된 (pr)oven


780. 언급하다 (re)fers


781. ①응하는②응답자 (re)spondent


782. significant ①중요한②상당한


783. structured ①구조화 된②구조가 있는


784. ①요약하다②요점을 이루다 (su)mmarized


785. ①기법②기술 (te)chnique


786. ①용어②기간 (te)rm


787. waging ①임금②보답


 


 

20수특 12-6


788. admitted ①인정된②시인


789. ①건축②설계 (ar)chitecture


790. ①편견②치우침 (bi)as


791. ①세대②시대 (ge)neration


792. ①그러므로②앞으로 (he)nce


793. innate ①타고난②선천적인


794. perspective ①관점②시각


795. ①인종의②민족의 (ra)cial


796. ①사회 조직의②사회의 (so)ciological


797. sociology ①사회과학②사회학


798. ①구조②구성하다 (st)ructure


799. ①대학의②학부의 (un)dergraduates


 


 

20수특 12-7


800. elaboration ①정교②상세화


801. fantasy ①공상②몽상


802. formation ①형성②대형


803. ①비인간적인②냉담한 (im)personal


804. manifestations ①명시②시위


805. ①신화학의②신화의 (my)thological


806. mythology ①신화②신화학


807. origin ①기원②원산


808. ①의인화②화신 (pe)rsonifications


809. ①의인화하다②인간화하다 (pe)rsonifying


810. 현상들 (ph)enomena


811. predominance ①우월②우위


812. ①각각의②각자의 (re)spective


813. ①주위의②주변의 (su)rroundings


814. 심한 뇌우 (th)understorms


815. veneration ①존경②숭배


 


 

20수특 12-8


816. advertisers ①광고자②광고인


817. 방송 (ai)rwaves


818. ①대안②대체 (al)ternative


819. ①폭이 넓은②광대한 (br)oader


820. ①시민의②민간 (ci)vic


821. ①농축②집중 (co)ncentration


822. ①집합②복합 기업 (co)nglomerates


823. corporate ①기업의②회사의


824. corporations ①기업②회사


825. democracy ①민주주의②민주적


826. ①다양한②여러 가지의 (di)verse


827. exist ①존재하다②있다


828. functioning ①기능②의식


829. independent ①독립한②무소속의


830. integral ①완전한②필수의


831. 합법적으로 (le)gitimately


832. maintain ①유지하다②계속하다


833. ①네트워크②망 (ne)tworks


834. noncommercial ①비상업적인②상업적으로 중요하지 않은


835. ①참여②참가 (pa)rticipation


836. ①정치의②정당의 (po)litical


837. politicians 정치가


838. reclaim ①교정하다②개선하다


839. transnational ①다국적 기업의②다국적의


 


 

20수특 12-9


840. agoraphobia ①광장 공포②광장 공포증


841. ①실시하다②수행하다 (co)nducted


842. confined ①국한②제한된


843. considerable ①상당한②꽤


844. curl 곱슬곱슬하다


845. deprived ①박탈하다②빼앗다


846. determine ①결정하다②밝히다


847. ①경향이 있는②마음이 나는 (di)sposed


848. rehabilitate ①명예를 회복시키다②사회로 복귀시키다


849. terrified ①무서워하는②오싹한


 


 

20수특 12-10


850. ①인식의②인지의 (co)gnitive


851. context ①문맥②상황


852. cyclical 순환하는


853. established ①설립하다②세우다


854. 잊혀진 (fo)rgotten


855. fundamentally ①근본적으로②기본적으로


856. ①무기한으로②무한정 (in)definitely


857. ①본질적으로②생득적으로 (in)herently


858. ①새롭게 한②회복된 (re)newed


859. ①걸치다②기간 (sp)ans


860. 기술적인 (te)chnological


861. ①시간을 초월한②무한한 (ti)meless


862. underlying ①기초를 이루는②근원적인


 


 

20수특 12-11


863. agnostic ①관대한②열려있는


864. ①가전제품②기기 (ap)pliance


865. deems ①간주하다②생각하다


866. demand ①요구하다②수요


867. fabrication ①제작②제조


868. ①시설②설비 (fa)cility


869. fundamentally ①근본적으로②기본적으로


870. independent ①독립한②무소속의


871. manufacturing ①제조②생산


872. 발생하다 (oc)curred


873. ①앞바다의②앞바다에서 (of)fshore


874. precisely ①정확히②정밀하게


875. ①생산②제작 (pr)oduction


876. ①복원하다②회복하다 (re)shored


877. ①공급하는 사람②원료 공급국 (su)pplier


878. ①용어②기간 (te)rm


 


 

20수특 12-12


879. approve ①승인하다②허가하다


880. assigned ①부여하다②할당하다


881. 동료 (co)lleagues


882. demand ①요구하다②수요


883. depend 의존하다


884. essay ①수필②논문


885. esteem ①존중하다②평가하다


886. excluded ①제외하다②배제하다


887. ①정도②범위 (ex)tent


888. indicate ①나타내다②가리키다


889. ①관련된②관여하는 (in)volved


890. 순간의 (mo)mentary


891. ①참가자②참여자 (pa)rticipant


892. ①선호②좋아하기 (pr)eferences


 


 

20수특 13-1


893. colleagues 동료


894. communicator ①전달자②발신기


895. ①영향②충격 (im)pact


896. ①조사②문의 (in)quiry


897. ①격렬히②강렬하게 (in)tensely


898. ①고립된②절연된 (is)olated


899. lab ①연구실②실험실


900. loners ①남과 사귀지 않는 사람②혼자 행동하는 사람


901. ①묘사하다②연기하다 (po)rtray


902. seminars ①세미나②연구집회


903. ①대학의②학부의 (un)dergraduate


904. ①진료하다②심사하다 (ve)tted


 


 

20수특 13-2


905. adolescence ①청소년기②사춘기


906. advancing ①전진하는②발달의


907. antibodies ①항체②항독소


908. ①공격하다②발작 (at)tack


909. autoimmune 자기 면역의


910. ①감소하다②거절하다 (de)cline


911. defective ①결함있는②불량품


912. ①국방②방어 (de)fense


913. ①결국②마침내 (ev)entually


914. ①기능②역할 (fu)nction


915. ①적대적인②호전적인 (ho)stile


916. ①면역의②면제된 (im)mune


917. ①발생률②발생 (in)cidence


918. ①진실성②도덕성 (in)tegrity


919. invaders ①침입자②침략국


920. ①조직②화장지 (ti)ssues


921. ①약점이 있음②공격당하기 쉬움 (vu)lnerability


922. ①약화시키다②약해지다 (we)akening


 


 

20수특 13-3


923. ①접근②근사 (ap)proximation


924. 관한 (co)ncerning


925. 감정적인 (em)otional


926. ①의도②의사 (in)tention


927. 관련하는 (in)volving


928. ①고립된②절연된 (is)olated


929. patron ①후원자②고객


930. ①인식②지각 (pe)rceptions


 


 

20수특 13-4


931. acceptable 받아들일만한


932. access 접근


933. ①소비②소비량 (co)nsumption


934. ①값이 비싼②사치스러운 (co)stly


935. ①ㅇㅇ과 정찬을 들다②ㅇㅇ에게 정찬을 대접하다 (di)ned


936. granted ①부여하다②주다


937. ①계급 제도②계층제 (hi)erarchy


938. ①열등한②질이 떨어지는 (in)feriors


939. 중세의 (me)dieval


940. nobility ①귀족②고귀함


941. positioned ①두다②ㅇㅇ의 위치를 정하다


942. ①특권을 주다②면제하다 (pr)ivileges


943. referring 언급하다


944. ①반사하다②보여주다 (re)flected


945. ①경직된②엄격한 (ri)gid


946. ①로열티②왕정 (ro)yalty


 


 

20수특 13-5


947. atoms ①원자②원자력


948. copper ①구리②동전


949. ①큰 덩어리②자기 진지 (hu)nk


950. impact ①영향②충격


951. infinite ①무한한②끝없는


952. 분자 (mo)lecules


 


 

20수특 13-6


953. apparently ①분명히②명백히


954. ①제약②조건 (co)nstraint


955. controlled ①제어②통제당한


956. ①감소하다②거절하다 (de)cline


957. ①난독증②독서 장애 (dy)slexia


958. enable 가능하게하다


959. healed ①치유되다②치료하다


960. ①해침②손상 (im)pairment


961. induced ①유발하다②유도하다


962. limb ①팔다리②의족


963. ①가소성②유연성 (pl)asticity


964. ①삼가는②자제된 (re)strained


965. ①기법②기술 (te)chnique


 


 

20수특 13-7


966. 미학의 (ae)sthetic


967. ①분명한②명백한 (ap)parent


968. ①양상②측면 (as)pect


969. ①전환②변화 (co)nversion


970. dense ①밀집한②고밀도의


971. emphasize ①강조하다②힘주어 말하다


972. ①영향②충격 (im)pact


973. ①유도의②귀납의 (in)ductive


974. 비율 (ra)tios


975. ①수신기②수신자 (re)ceiver


976. sequencing ①배열②순서


977. 수분을 짜다 (sq)ueezing


 


 

20수특 13-8


978. attractive ①매력적인②매혹적인


979. carriageway ①차도②자동차 도로


980. 중심 (ce)ntre


981. crossings 횡단보도


982. ①낙담시키다②단념시키다 (di)scourage


983. ①가장자리②끝 (ed)ges


984. ①확장하다②연장하다 (ex)tend


985. fatal ①치명적인②죽음에 이르는


986. ①주고받다②교환하다 (in)terchanges


987. junctions ①접합②연락점


988. 조경 (la)ndscaping


989. ①허용하다②인가 (pe)rmitted


990. proximity ①근접②가까움


991. 결과로서 생기는 (re)sultant


992. revegetation 식물을 다시 자라게 함


993. ①길가②노변 (ro)adside


994. roundabouts ①멀리 도는②자락을 평평하게 자른


995. selected ①선택된②선발된


996. ①기법②기술 (te)chniques


997. ①식물의②식물 인간의 (ve)getative


998. ①가장자리②경계 (ve)rges


999. ①눈에 보임②가시성 (vi)sibility


1000. ①넓히다②넓어지다 (wi)dened


1001. 야생의 (wi)ldlife


 


 

20수특 14-1


1002. ①정확도②정확 (ac)curacy


1003. ①적절히②충분히 (ad)equately


1004. ①놀라운②놀라게 하다 (as)tonishing


1005. cacophony ①불협화음②소음


1006. constantly ①끊임없이②계속


1007. definable ①한정할 수 있는②설명할 수 있는


1008. diverse ①다양한②여러 가지의


1009. drowned ①익사하다②물에 빠지다


1010. focuses ①초점에 모이다②주의를 집중하다


1011. ①진실된②진짜의 (ge)nuine


1012. habitat ①서식지②생태


1013. ①정확히②정밀하게 (pr)ecisely


1014. ①경쟁하는②경쟁자 (ri)vals


1015. ①시간대②자리 (sl)ot


1016. ①동지②하지 (so)lstice


1017. ①특정한②구체적인 (sp)ecific


 


 

20수특 14-2


1018. auditory ①귀의②청각의


1019. commercial ①상업용의②상업적인


1020. compressed ①압축하다②습포


1021. compression ①압축②응축


1022. conducted ①실시하다②수행하다


1023. contexts ①문맥②상황


1024. countless ①많은②셀 수 없는


1025. elicited ①이끌어 내다②끌어내다


1026. frequency ①주파수②빈도


1027. increase ①증가하다②늘리다


1028. ①강도②강렬함 (in)tensity


1029. 관련시키다 (in)volves


1030. ①전제②건물 (pr)emise


1031. recall ①상기하다②기억하다


1032. reference ①참고②기준


1033. ①오로지②오직 (so)lely


1034. technique ①기법②기술


1035. variable ①변화하는②변수


1036. vowel 모음


 


 

20수특 14-3


1037. applied ①적용된②응용의


1038. 화합물 (co)mpounds


1039. ①농축②집중 (co)ncentration


1040. conditioned ①조건부의②조절된


1041. constituents 구성 요소들


1042. contaminated ①오염된②방사성 물질에 오염된


1043. ①처리②처분 (di)sposal


1044. disposed ①경향이 있는②마음이 나는


1045. ①뽑아냄②추출 (ex)traction


1046. ①그러므로②앞으로 (he)nce


1047. ①움직이지 않게 하다②고정시키다 (im)mobilized


1048. industry ①산업②업계


1049. inherent ①내재된②고유의


1050. ①광물②무기질 (mi)neral


1051. ①추정하다②전제로 하다 (pr)esumes


1052. radiation ①방사②복사


1053. radioactive ①방사성②방사능


1054. radionuclides 무담체 방사성핵종


1055. 회복한 (re)covered


1056. ①회복②회수 (re)covery


1057. reprocessing ①재가공하다②재생하다


1058. 대체하다 (su)bstituted


 


 

20수특 14-4


1059. 지원성 (af)fordance


1060. ①반대②반 (an)ti


1061. aspect ①양상②측면


1062. ①원자의②핵무기 (at)omic


1063. blockage ①봉쇄②방해


1064. discoverable ①발견할 수 있는②인정될 수 있는


1065. ①부상을 입히다②상처를 입히다 (in)jure


1066. ①상호 작용②관계 (in)teraction


1067. ①눈에 보이지 않음②불가시성 (in)visibility


1068. ①입자②먼지 (pa)rticles


1069. ①통과②통로 (pa)ssage


1070. ①지각할 수 있는②인지할 수 있는 (pe)rceivable


1071. ①인지하다②인식하다 (pe)rceived


1072. presence ①존재②영향력


1073. ①예방②방지 (pr)evention


1074. structure ①구조②구성하다


1075. transparency ①투명도②투명


 


 

20수특 14-5


1076. ①양상②측면 (as)pects


1077. bland ①온화한②개성없는


1078. ①통신의②소통하는 (co)mmunicative


1079. contexts ①문맥②상황


1080. ①분포②분배 (di)stribution


1081. formal ①공식적인②정식의


1082. formulas ①공식②방식


1083. function ①기능②역할


1084. portion ①부분②일부


1085. ritual ①의식②제사


1086. ①거래②트랜잭션 (tr)ansactions


1087. transmitted ①부치다②옮기다


1088. urged ①충동②열망


1089. ①말로②구두로 (ve)rbally


 


 

20수특 14-6


1090. ①우발적인②우연한 (ac)cidental


1091. 행동 (be)haviour


1092. 결론짓다 (co)ncluded


1093. conducted ①실시하다②수행하다


1094. ①설명②해명 (ex)planation


1095. ①가설②가정 (hy)pothesis


1096. ①한정된②제한을 받은 (li)mited


1097. ①현상②장관 (ph)enomenon


1098. reinforce ①보강하다②강화하다


1099. ①발표하다②개봉하다 (re)lease


1100. ritualistic ①의례적인②관습적인


1101. ①의식②제사 (ri)tuals


1102. whatever의 강조형 (wh)atsoever


 


 

20수특 14-7


1103. category ①범주②부문


1104. ①이루어지다②구성되다 (co)nsist


1105. 구성 요소들 (co)nstituents


1106. ①기준②평가 (cr)iteria


1107. ①독특한②특유의 (di)stinctive


1108. ①분야②영토 (do)main


1109. entirety ①완전한 상태②전부


1110. ①실체②본질 (en)tities


1111. ①존재②현존 (ex)istence


1112. extension ①확장②연장


1113. fundamentally ①근본적으로②기본적으로


1114. ①똑같은②동일한 (id)entical


1115. ①정체성②자신 (id)entity


1116. individuated 개체화하다


1117. membership 회원


1118. nonindividuated 개인화 되지 않은


1119. ontological ①존재론적인②존재론의


1120. portion ①부분②일부


1121. 언급하다 (re)ferring


1122. ①단조로움②동일 (sa)meness


1123. ①뿌려진②흩어져 있는 (sc)attered


1124. ①물질②내용 (su)bstances


1125. wholeness ①전체②총체


 


 

20수특 14-8


1126. admirable ①감탄할만한②훌륭한


1127. ①채택하다②입양하다 (ad)opt


1128. airwaves 방송


1129. ①잔인한②무자비한 (br)utal


1130. ①지배적인②우세한 (do)minant


1131. ①멸종 위기의②위험한 (en)dangered


1132. extinct ①멸종한②사라진


1133. ①세계화②국제화 (gl)obalization


1134. ①적개심②적대 (ho)stility


1135. ①고유의②토착의 (in)digenous


1136. intense ①강렬한②심한


1137. ①무서워하는②벌벌 떠는 (in)timidating


1138. lifelines ①구명 밧줄②주요 도로


1139. ①주류②대세 (ma)instream


1140. minority 소수


1141. preservation ①보존②보전


1142. repression ①탄압②억제


1143. retaining ①유지하다②보유하다


1144. ①반대의②뒤집다 (re)verse


1145. 새로운 활력을 주다 (re)vitalizing


1146. revive ①소생시키다②되살아나다


 


 

20수특 15-1


1147. ①소속됨②소유 (be)longingness


1148. ①순응하다②따르다 (co)nform


1149. consistent ①일관된②지속적인


1150. ①결국②마침내 (ev)entually


1151. excluded ①제외하다②배제하다


1152. ①증가하다②늘리다 (in)crease


1153. 개인들 (in)dividuals


1154. ①동기②의도 (mo)tive


1155. ostracism ①추방②배척


1156. ostracized 추방하다


1157. ①인식②지각 (pe)rceptions


1158. reconnect ①다시 연결②다시 연락


1159. rejected ①거절하다②버리다


1160. ①거부반응②거부 (re)jection


1161. relevant ①관련있는②적절한


1162. ①보유②기억 (re)tention


1163. ①추구하다②찾다 (se)ek


1164. subsequent ①뒤의②다음의


 


 

20수특 15-2


1165. autopilot 자동 조종 장치


1166. ①인식의②인지의 (co)gnitive


1167. detail ①세부②상세


1168. engagement ①참여②연대


1169. fascinating 매료된


1170. induces ①유발하다②유도하다


1171. intricate ①복잡한②미묘한


1172. ①노트북②휴대용 컴퓨터 (la)ptop


1173. ①역학②기계학 (me)chanics


1174. ①ㅇㅇ한 마음을 가진②ㅇㅇ에 흥미가 있는 (mi)nded


1175. ①명상②주의 깊음 (mi)ndfulness


1176. 신경 과학 (ne)uroscience


1177. ①맹공격②맹습 (on)slaught


1178. openness ①개방성②솔직


1179. 플러그를 꽂다 (pl)ugged


1180. ①특성②성질 (qu)alities


1181. ①보강하다②강화하다 (re)inforce


1182. technological 기술적인


1183. ①번영하는②번성하는 (th)riving


 


 

20수특 15-3


1184. ①이점②우위 (ad)vantage


1185. colony ①식민지②집단


1186. ①주기②순환 (cy)cle


1187. ①떠다니다②멀어지다 (dr)ift


1188. ①빽빽한②가득찬 (ja)mmed


1189. ①유충②무척추 동물의 새끼 (la)rvae


1190. ①뿌려진②흩어져 있는 (sc)attered


1191. ①해결하다②정착하다 (se)ttle


1192. sperms ①정액②정자


1193. 뿜어나오다 (sq)uirt


1194. tadpole 올챙이


 


 

20수특 15-4


1195. altering ①변하다②바뀌다


1196. appraisal ①평가②감정


1197. ①양상②측면 (as)pect


1198. ①공격하다②발작 (at)tack


1199. ①태도②자세 (at)titude


1200. bowled ①굴리다②순조롭게 진행되다


1201. ①일의 동료②협력자 (co)worker


1202. ①이루다②이행하다 (fu)lfilling


1203. halo ①후광②영광


1204. 개인의 (in)dividual


1205. nobler ①고귀한②귀족의


1206. ①눈에 띄는②주목할 만한 (no)ticeable


1207. obnoxious ①불쾌한②밉살스러운


1208. perceptions ①인식②지각


1209. ①특정한②구체적인 (sp)ecific


1210. ①특징②특성 (tr)ait


1211. 신뢰할 수 있는 (tr)ustworthy


1212. ①부지불식간에②무의식적으로 (un)consciously


1213. warmth ①따뜻함②온기


 


 

20수특 15-5


1214. aptly ①적절히②적절하게


1215. ①혈류②활력 (bl)oodstream


1216. ①거품②기포 (bu)bble


1217. dissolve ①녹이다②없애다


1218. frothing ①거품을 내뿜다②거품이 일다


1219. ①공동의②관절 (jo)ints


1220. nitrogen 질소


1221. soluble ①녹는②해결할 수 있는


1222. substituted 대체하다


 


 

20수특 15-6


1223. acres 토지 면적의 단위


1224. ①인정된②시인 (ad)mitted


1225. appointed ①임명하다②지명하다


1226. ①알고 있는②인식하는 (aw)are


1227. ①아래에②밑에 (be)neath


1228. ①외치다②떠들어대다 (cl)amored


1229. ①손에 땀을 쥐는 상태로 끝나다②불안한 상태에 놓이다 (cl)iffland


1230. ①위원회②수수료 (co)mmission


1231. ①침식하다②부식하다 (er)oded


1232. ①침식의②풍화의 (er)osional


1233. ①존재②현존 (ex)istence


1234. geologists 지질학자


1235. ①예방의②예방약 (pr)eventive


1236. ①처리하다②과정 (pr)ocesses


1237. spectacular ①장관의②화려한


 


 

20수특 15-7


1238. accelerate 가속하다


1239. adapt ①적응하다②변화


1240. applied ①적용된②응용의


1241. ①밀착하다②응집하다 (co)here


1242. converted ①전환하다②바꾸다


1243. ①다르다②차이 (di)ffer


1244. distorted ①왜곡하다②뒤틀다


1245. ①탄력 있는②신축성이 있는 (el)astic


1246. ①평등한②동등한 (eq)ual


1247. ①정도②범위 (ex)tent


1248. facility ①시설②설비


1249. immersed ①잠긴②묻힌


1250. 등방성의 (is)otropic


1251. ①유출②새다 (le)ak


1252. tendency ①경향②추세


1253. ①구속되지 않은②자유로운 (un)constrained


1254. ①촉구하다②요구하다 (ur)ge


1255. vessel ①선박②혈관


 


 

20수특 15-8


1256. ①종합적인②포괄적인 (co)mprehensive


1257. depicts ①표현하다②나타내다


1258. ①완전한②필수의 (in)tegral


1259. interpreted ①뜻을 밝히다②해석하다


1260. ①음모를 꾸미다②끌다 (in)triguing


1261. ①직접의②솔직한 (st)raightforward


1262. ①주관성②주관적임 (su)bjectivity


1263. terms ①용어②기간


 


 

20수특 16-01


1264. ①산②신 (ac)id


1265. ①적용하다②지원하다 (ap)plying


1266. 공격하다 (at)tacks


1267. 너도밤나무 (be)eches


1268. browsing 띄엄띄엄 읽다


1269. compounds 화합물


1270. ①방어적인②수세의 (de)fensive


1271. ①찾아내다②감지하다 (de)tect


1272. ①낙담한②의욕을 잃어버린 (di)scouraged


1273. dripped 물방울을 흘리다


1274. ①치유되다②치료하다 (he)al


1275. investigate ①조사하다②수사하다


1276. presence ①존재②영향력


1277. production ①생산②제작


1278. 살리실산의 (sa)licylic


1279. 모의 실험하다 (si)mulate


1280. ①상처를 입은②부상자 (wo)unded


 


 

20수특 16-02


1281. ancestor ①조상②선조


1282. ancestral ①조상의②대대로 내려오는


1283. ①가정하다②생각하다 (as)sume


1284. ①특성②독특한 (ch)aracteristics


1285. definition ①정의②개념


1286. descended ①물려받은②내려온


1287. estimates ①추정하다②예상하다


1288. ①유전학②유전적 특징 (ge)netics


1289. indicates ①나타내다②가리키다


1290. linguistic 언어의


1291. linguists 언어학자


1292. remnants ①나머지②단편


 


 

20수특 16-03


1293. afterward ①그후②곧 이어


1294. constant ①일정한②지속적인


1295. decline ①감소하다②거절하다


1296. defensively ①방어적으로②수비에 서서


1297. ①경멸하다②경멸 (di)sdain


1298. ①형성의②발달의 (fo)rmative


1299. fundamentally ①근본적으로②기본적으로


1300. fuss ①소란②야단법석


1301. ①적개심②적대 (ho)stility


1302. originate ①유래하다②발생하다


1303. parental ①부모의②부모다운


 


 

20수특 16-04


1304. applications ①적용②응용


1305. claimed ①주장하다②말하다


1306. competing ①경쟁하다②경기하다


1307. compromised ①타협하다②절충하다


1308. ①실시하다②수행하다 (co)nducted


1309. conflicts ①갈등②분쟁


1310. constitute ①구성하다②간주하다


1311. ①논란②논쟁 (co)ntroversy


1312. corporation ①기업②회사


1313. ①국방②방어 (de)fense


1314. ①설립하다②세우다 (es)tablish


1315. eventually ①결국②마침내


1316. 회사 (fi)rms


1317. ①자금②소지금 (fu)nded


1318. genetic 유전적인


1319. 게놈 (ge)nome


1320. 유전체학 (ge)nomics


1321. innumerable ①셀 수 없이 많은②무수한


1322. ①재고②목록 (in)ventory


1323. ①논점②발행 (is)suing


1324. joint ①공동의②관절


1325. ①연구실②실험실 (la)boratory


1326. ①규범②기준 (no)rm


1327. ①개방성②솔직 (op)enness


1328. patents ①특허②공유지 양도 증서


1329. profit ①이익②수익


1330. ①출판②간행물 (pu)blication


1331. ①분노하다②격노하다 (ra)ged


1332. rival ①경쟁하는②경쟁자


1333. sector ①부문②분야


1334. sequences ①서열②순서


1335. 후원 (sp)onsorship


1336. ①중단하다②유예하다 (su)spended


 


 

20수특 17-12


1337. accurately ①정확하게②그대로


1338. arranged ①계획된②결정된


1339. ①규모가 큰②큰 덩어리 (ch)unk


1340. ①복잡한②복합의 (co)mplex


1341. declining ①감소하다②거절하다


1342. ①위업②공적 (fe)at


1343. glancing ①언뜻 보다②번득이다


1344. grandmasters 최고 수준의 체스 선수


1345. ①입력②산업 (in)puts


1346. psychologists ①심리학자②정신과 의사


1347. recalled ①상기하다②기억하다


1348. ①후퇴하다②몸을 빼다 (re)ceding


1349. ①회수②되찾다 (re)trieve


1350. ①개요②선험적 도식 (sc)hema


1351. ①기법②기술 (te)chnique


1352. terms ①용어②기간


 


 

20수특 17-34


1353. ①경계②주의하다 (al)ert


1354. appendages ①첨가물②부속 기관


1355. ①생물학의②생물학적 약제 (bi)ological


1356. cognitive ①인식의②인지의


1357. 억지로 ㅇㅇ하게하다 (co)mpels


1358. ①일관되게②지속적으로 (co)nsistently


1359. ①대처하다②다루다 (co)pe


1360. desire ①욕망②싶다


1361. efficient 효율적인


1362. ①관여하다②약혼하다 (en)gage


1363. ①설립하다②세우다 (es)tablished


1364. evaluations ①평가②분석


1365. ①발전의②진화론에 의한 (ev)olutionary


1366. fades 염색이 바래다


1367. ①가장②가장 먼 (fa)rthest


1368. genetics ①유전학②유전적 특징


1369. immature ①미숙한②유년기의


1370. indeed ①정말로②사실은


1371. ①유아의②초기의 (in)fant


1372. ①관련되다②참여하다 (in)volve


1373. ①새로움②신기함 (no)velty


1374. parenthood ①어버이임②어버이의 입장


1375. ①봉급②급료 (pa)ychecks


1376. 예상 가능함 (pr)edictability


1377. preference ①선호②좋아하기


1378. processes ①처리하다②과정


1379. propensity ①경향②성향


1380. ①도착하다②미치다 (re)aches


1381. releasing ①해방하다②떼어놓다


1382. seek ①추구하다②찾다


1383. ①생존②살아남기 (su)rvival


1384. ①낯선②익숙지 않은 (un)familiar


 


 

20수특 17-56


1385. bacterial 세균의


1386. colonies ①식민단②식민지


1387. colony ①식민지②집단


1388. ①조언을 청하다②참고하다 (co)nsulting


1389. crisis ①위기②문제


1390. critical ①비판적인②중요한


1391. doubt ①의심하다②의혹


1392. extraordinarily ①몹시②이례적으로


1393. hyper ①하이퍼②과잉


1394. ①치환②순열 (hy)permutation


1395. 고돌연변이 유발 유전자 (hy)permutators


1396. infinitely ①무한히②한없이


1397. insane ①미친②정신 이상의


1398. involves 관련시키다


1399. ①엉망②혼란 (me)ss


1400. microbial ①미생물의②세균의


1401. ①변화시키다②돌연변이시키다 (mu)tate


1402. mutating ①변화시키다②모음 변화시키다


1403. mutation ①변화②돌연변이


1404. ①생물②유기체 (or)ganism


1405. ①정확히②정밀하게 (pr)ecisely


1406. ①생존②살아남기 (su)rvival


 


 

20수특 17-78


1407. ①승인②허가 (ap)proval


1408. associations ①협회②관련


1409. ①포함하다②부착하다 (at)tach


1410. ceremonies ①의식②예의


1411. claim ①주장하다②말하다


1412. colleague 동료


1413. complementary ①보완적인②대체


1414. complex ①복잡한②복합의


1415. consist ①이루어지다②구성되다


1416. ①기부하다②기고하다 (co)ntributed


1417. 협력 (co)operation


1418. criminals ①범죄자②범죄의


1419. 정의된 (de)fined


1420. ①박탈②결핍 (de)privation


1421. deviant ①벗어난②비정상적인 사람


1422. ①반대②비난 (di)sapproval


1423. ①의심하다②신용하지 않다 (di)scredit


1424. ①불만②화남 (di)spleasure


1425. ①의심하다②의혹 (do)ubt


1426. excluded ①제외하다②배제하다


1427. exclusion ①배제②제외


1428. formal ①공식적인②정식의


1429. ①형식화②의례 (fo)rmalization


1430. formalized 형식화하다


1431. ①소문②험담 (go)ssip


1432. ①나타내다②가리키다 (in)dicating


1433. ①비공식②비형식 (in)formal


1434. judging ①재판관②심사원


1435. ①유지하다②계속하다 (ma)intained


1436. membership 회원


1437. ①최소의②아주 작은 (mi)nimal


1438. norms ①규범②기준


1439. obligation ①의무②채무


1440. ①절차②과정 (pr)ocedures


1441. ①보답하다②교환하다 (re)ciprocating


1442. ①거부②거절 (re)fusal


1443. reinforced ①보강하다②늘리다


1444. retain ①유지하다②보유하다


1445. ①조롱하다②놀리다 (ri)dicule


1446. sanctions ①허가②구속


1447. sociologists 사회학자


1448. spontaneous ①자연스러운②자발적인


1449. structure ①구조②구성하다


1450. ①위반하다②침해하다 (vi)olate


1451. ①위반자②위배자 (vi)olator


 


 

20수특 18-13


1452. ①적용된②응용의 (ap)plied


1453. banyan ①반얀나무②벵골보리수


1454. branches ①가지②분과


1455. chewed 씹다


1456. 결혼하다 (cu)oi


1457. ①무시무시한②놀랄만한 (fr)ightful


1458. ①이해하다②잡다 (gr)asped


1459. ①으르렁거리다②꼬르륵거리다 (gr)owl


1460. ①소수의②몇몇의 (ha)ndful


1461. haste ①서두르다②성급함


1462. miraculous ①초자연적인②기적의


1463. ①자식②새끼 (of)fspring


1464. predicament ①곤경②곤란함


1465. ①과육②걸쭉한 것 (pu)lp


1466. replanted ①옮겨 심다②재이식하다


1467. scrambled ①기어오르다②서로 가지려 하다


1468. ①호랑이의 암컷②잔인한 여자 (ti)gress


1469. underbrush ①덤불②관목


1470. ①뿌리째 뽑히다②근절되다 (up)rooted


 


 

20수특 18-46


1471. ①정확한②정밀한 (ac)curate


1472. aware ①알고 있는②인식하는


1473. ①빗장으로 잠근②줄가 있는 (ba)rred


1474. ①가지②지점 (br)anch


1475. ①사무적인②신속한 (bu)sinesslike


1476. ①꽉 닫히다②꽉 쥐다 (cl)enched


1477. constant ①일정한②지속적인


1478. ①증명하다②입증하다 (de)monstrate


1479. dramatic ①극적인②급격한


1480. elected ①선출된②당선된


1481. ①견디어 내다②견디다 (en)dured


1482. ①주먹②움켜쥐다 (fi)sts


1483. handshake 악수


1484. honored ①명예로운②영광으로 생각하여


1485. hostility ①적개심②적대


1486. ①겸손한②열등감을 느끼는 (hu)mbled


1487. latter ①후자의②하반기의


1488. ①리그②연맹 (le)ague


1489. ①대규모의②거대한 (ma)ssive


1490. ①적대하는②정반대의 (op)posing


1491. ①인내②참을성 (pa)tience


1492. portrayal ①묘사②묘사된 것


1493. prediction ①예측②추정


1494. ①자칭의②거짓의 (pr)etended


1495. ①유명한②두드러진 (pr)ominent


1496. qualify ①자격을 갖추다②자격을 얻다


1497. 인종 차별주의자 (ra)cist


1498. referring 언급하다


1499. ①분노②적의 (re)sentment


1500. rookie ①신인 선수②루키


1501. sainthood ①성인의 신분②성인임


1502. ①팀의 한 사람②단원 (te)ammates


1503. ①위협적으로②협박하듯이 (th)reateningly


1504. unclenched 펴다


 


 

20수특 18-79


1505. ①역풍을 받은②돛이 앞바람을 받고 (ab)ack


1506. awakened ①깨다②각성하다


1507. ①나무 껍질②짖다 (ba)rked


1508. ①현금②돈 (ca)sh


1509. compassion ①동정②연민


1510. ①혼란②혼동 (co)nfusion


1511. ①고려②배려 (co)nsideration


1512. ①잡히기②붙잡다 (co)ps


1513. ①찬장②벽장 (cu)pboard


1514. disciple ①제자②문하생


1515. emptied ①빈②비우다


1516. ①여윈②황량한 (ga)unt


1517. ①후드②모자 (ho)oded


1518. ①조사하다②수사하다 (in)vestigate


1519. ①감옥②징역 (ja)il


1520. robbing ①빼앗다②훔치다


1521. shrine ①성지②사당


1522. ①윤곽②실루엣 (si)lhouette


 


 

20수특 18-1012


1523. ①존경②감탄 (ad)miration


1524. applies ①적용하다②지원하다


1525. attacking 공격하다


1526. ①행동주의 심리학자②행동주의적인 (be)haviorists


1527. ①경멸②모욕 (co)ntempt


1528. cryptophthalmos 잠복고환


1529. delight ①기쁘게 하다②기쁨


1530. disabilities 읽기 이해장애


1531. disability ①무력②무능


1532. doubtful ①의심스러운②회의적인


1533. 눈꺼풀 (ey)elids


1534. ①모이다②떼짓다 (fl)ock


1535. grooming ①신랑②털을 깨끗이 하다


1536. ①정말로②사실은 (in)deed


1537. ①영감②고무 (in)spiring


1538. lame ①절름발이의②서투른


1539. ①높은 곳②앉다 (pe)rch


1540. ①돌기둥②기념 석주 (st)urla


1541. ①의기양양한②성공한 (tr)iumphant


1542. ①불행한②유감스러운 (un)fortunate


 


 

20수특 19-1


1543. 질링엄 (al)lingham


1544. anthologies ①명시선②명시선


1545. befriended ①친구가 되다②돕다


1546. 블룸필드 (bl)oomfield


1547. county ①군②주


1548. critic ①비평가②비판가


1549. dedicated ①헌신적인②전용의


1550. eventually ①결국②마침내


1551. ①소비세②삭제하다 (ex)cise


1552. ①영향력있는②유력한 (in)fluential


1553. promote ①홍보하다②승진시키다


1554. ①개혁②개선 (re)form


1555. ①안정된②정착한 (se)ttled


1556. tenants ①점유하다②거주하다


 


 

20수특 19-2


1557. ①블레이드②날 (bl)ades


1558. ①지루하게 하다②따분하게 하다 (bo)re


1559. 씹다 (ch)ewed


1560. constructed ①만들다②건설하다


1561. ①코르크 마개뽑이②나선 모양으로 나아가다 (co)rkscrew


1562. ①채무자②차주 (de)btor


1563. drill ①훈련②뚫다


1564. dug ①dig의 과거 과거 분사형②젖꼭지


1565. eventually ①결국②마침내


1566. ①배설하다②분비하다 (ex)creting


1567. flee의 과거 과거 분사형 (fl)ed


1568. ①관찰②관측 (ob)servation


1569. pedestrians ①보행의②도보의


1570. ①과육②걸쭉한 것 (pu)lp


1571. ①배좀벌레조개②좀조개 (sh)ipworm


1572. targeted ①과녁②달성 목표


1573. unsuspecting ①의심하지 않는②신용하는


1574. wapping ①휙 끌어당기다②내던지다


 


 

20수특 19-3


1575. assistant ①보조②조수


1576. astronomer ①천문학자②천문대장


1577. calibration ①구경측정②눈금


1578. convinced ①확신하는②설득했다


1579. 의존하다 (de)pended


1580. ①불일치②차이 (di)screpancy


1581. ①해산시키다②해임하다 (di)smissed


1582. ①오차②오류 (er)ror


1583. observations ①관찰②관측


1584. stellar ①별의②별 같은


1585. striven ①노력하다②싸우다


1586. ①통과②운송 (tr)ansits


 


 

20수특 19-4


1587. ①알레르기의②알레르기가 있는 (al)lergic


1588. 걸린 (go)tten


1589. ①인공의②사람이 만든 (ma)nmade


 


 

20수특 20-1


1590. adoption ①채용②채택


1591. ①농업의②농산의 (ag)ricultural


1592. anthropologists 인류학자


1593. civilization 문명


1594. domesticated ①가축화한②길들인


1595. ①기본적인②근본적인 (fu)ndamental


1596. ①가장자리의②경계의 (ma)rginal


1597. ①가끔②때때로 (oc)casionally


1598. ①허용하다②인가 (pe)rmitted


1599. ①음모②줄거리 (pl)ots


1600. ①앉아서 하는②앉아 있는 (se)dentary


1601. ①해결하다②정착하다 (se)ttle


1602. ①활용하다②이용하다 (ut)ilize


 


 

20수특 20-2


1603. ①분류②범주화 (ca)tegorization


1604. division ①부②분단


1605. domain ①분야②영토


1606. era ①시대②시절


1607. ①덧없는②어느덧 지나가는 (fl)eeting


1608. formulated 공식화하다


1609. framework ①근거②체제


1610. irrational ①비이성적인②비합리적인


1611. latter ①후자의②하반기의


1612. necessity ①필요성②필수품


1613. 철학자 (ph)ilosopher


1614. provable ①증명할 수 있는②입증할 수 있는


1615. rational ①합리적인②이성적인


1616. ①막연한②한정할 수 없는 (un)definable


1617. unprovable ①증명할 수 없는②실증할 수 없는


1618. ①풀리다②해명되다 (un)raveling


1619. ushered ①안내를 맡다②안내하다


1620. visible ①보이는②가시의


 


 

20수특 20-3


1621. ①부유한②유복한 (af)fluent


1622. ①확인②확증 (co)nfirmation


1623. consequence ①결과②대가


1624. ①벼슬②크레스티드 (cr)est


1625. ethnic ①민족의②혈통의


1626. ①빛나다②불이 켜지다 (gl)ow


1627. ①아이콘②우상시 되는 인물 (ic)on


1628. 개인들 (in)dividuals


1629. ①혁신②획기적인 (in)novation


1630. ①유지하다②계속하다 (ma)intain


1631. mask ①마스크②가면


1632. ①불필요한②쓸데없는 (ne)edless


1633. primitive ①원시의②원초적인


1634. ①번영하는②성공한 (pr)osperous


1635. reasserted 거듭 주장하다


1636. ①재발견②재발견된 것 (re)discovery


1637. seek ①추구하다②찾다


1638. ①사회의②사회 활동의 (so)cietal


1639. ①시각의②눈에 보이는 (vi)sual


1640. weatherboards ①물막이판을 대다②물막이판


 


 

20수특 20-4


1641. ①아래에②밑에 (be)neath


1642. chapters ①장으로 나누다②장 지부


1643. dimensions ①크기


1644. discipline ①학문②규율


1645. eras ①시대②연대


1646. geologically 지질학적으로


1647. 지질학자 (ge)ologists


1648. geology 지질학


1649. illumination ①조명②전등 장식


1650. ①불완전한②불충분한 (im)perfect


1651. inscribed ①이름 등을 써서 증정하다②기명하다


1652. ①반드시②언제나 (in)variably


1653. landforms 지형발달사


1654. 중세의 (me)dieval


1655. palimpsest ①한 번 쓴 것을 지운②뒷면에도 문자를 조각한


1656. ①양피지②양피지 사본 (pa)rchment


1657. perceive ①인지하다②인식하다


1658. remnants ①나머지②단편


1659. ①문지르다②난폭하게 비비다 (sc)raped


1660. subsurface ①표면하의②표면 아래의


1661. ①기법②기술 (te)chniques


1662. ①용어②기간 (te)rm


1663. ①자취②자취 (tr)aces


1664. visible ①보이는②가시의


 


 

20수특 21-1


1665. associated ①연관된②관계가 있는


1666. consequence ①결과②대가


1667. consists ①이루어지다②구성되다


1668. conveyor 운반 장치


1669. decade ①십년간②수십년


1670. ①재난②재앙 (di)saster


1671. 적도 (eq)uator


1672. ①담수의②민물의 (fr)eshwater


1673. ironic 역설적인


1674. saltwater ①소금물의②해산의


1675. shutdown ①폐쇄하다②닫다


1676. 기울다 (ti)pping


1677. trigger ①촉발②유발하다


 


 

20수특 21-2


1678. ①영향을 주다②작용하다 (af)fect


1679. arch ①아치②활모양의


1680. bonanza ①풍부한 광맥②대풍년


1681. ①생태학적②환경 친화적인 (ec)ological


1682. 부유하게 하다 (en)rich


1683. ①간격②차이 (ga)p


1684. grizzly ①회색이 도는②심한


1685. ①서식지②생태 (ha)bitat


1686. impacted 영향을 받은


1687. ①내륙의②국내의 (in)land


1688. keystone ①쐐기돌②근본 원리


1689. lack ①부족②ㅇㅇ이 없다


1690. ladders ①사다리②오르는 길


1691. limited ①한정된②제한을 받은


1692. nutrients 영양


1693. obstacles ①장애②방해


1694. ①대양의②대양에 사는 (oc)eanic


1695. schemes ①계획하다②계획하다


1696. ①산란②채란 (sp)awning


1697. upstream 상류로


1698. ①초목②식물 (ve)getation


 


 

20수특 21-3


1699. ①산②신 (ac)id


1700. acidified 산성화하다


1701. brief ①보고서②짧은


1702. calcium 칼슘


1703. caldeira 대형 분화구


1704. carbonate ①탄산염②탄산염화하다


1705. 공룡 (di)nosaurs


1706. ensued ①계속되다②결과로서 일어나다


1707. extinct ①멸종한②사라진


1708. fossil ①화석②시대에 뒤진 사람


1709. handful ①소수의②몇몇의


1710. imprint ①찍다②자국


1711. ①유성②별똥별 (me)teor


1712. rare ①희귀한②드문


1713. reappear ①재현하다②다시 나타나다


1714. scarce ①부족한②희귀한


1715. skeletons 골격


1716. slammed 쾅 닫다


1717. 유황의 (su)lfur


 


 

20수특 21-4


1718. absorb ①흡수하다②열중하다


1719. ①청각의②소리의 (ac)oustic


1720. 미학의 (ae)sthetic


1721. backdrop ①배경막②배경막을 달다


1722. ①생물학②자서전 (bi)o


1723. corridor 복도


1724. ①결정된②결심한 (de)termined


1725. ①신중한②분별력 있는 (di)screet


1726. ①예외②특례 (ex)ceptions


1727. facade ①정면②외관


1728. ①똑같은②동일한 (id)entical


1729. identity ①정체성②자신


1730. ①통합하다②포함하다 (in)tegrate


1731. ①통합하다②합병하다 (me)rge


1732. neighbouring ①근처에 사는②인근의


1733. transparent ①투명한②속보이는


 


 

20수특 22-1


1734. assumption ①가정②추측


1735. 기본적으로 (ba)sically


1736. ①비스듬한②비스듬히 (bi)ases


1737. 움직이기 시작하다 (bu)dge


1738. complicated ①복잡한②어려운


1739. conjure ①떠올리다②불러일으키다


1740. equal ①평등한②동등한


1741. ①오류②착오 (fa)llacies


1742. laypeople ①일반인②비전문가


1743. ①벌거벗은②나체의 (na)ked


1744. ①설명적인②이야기 (na)rrative


1745. ①무작위②우연성 (ra)ndomness


1746. rearranged ①다시 배열하다②전위하다


1747. recede ①멀어지다②감소하다


1748. reflected ①반사하다②보여주다


 


 

20수특 22-2


1749. ①경계②영역 (bo)undary


1750. conduction ①전도②끎


1751. conductor ①지휘자②전도체


1752. ①적자②결손 (de)ficit


1753. 분자 (mo)lecules


1754. separating ①가르다②헤어지게 하다


1755. thermal ①열의②뜨거운


1756. ①숨이 찬②바람이 없는 (wi)ndless


 


 

20수특 22-3


1757. ①냉각하다②무서운 (ch)ill


1758. ①신용②명성 (cr)edited


1759. ①논증하다②명시하다 (de)monstrating


1760. ①엉뚱한 짓②분별없는 장난 (es)capade


1761. ①확장하다②연장하다 (ex)tend


1762. 높은 비율 (hi)ghgate


1763. ①순교자②순국자 (ma)rtyr


1764. ①오르간②기관 (or)gans


1765. 폐렴 (pn)eumonia


1766. 박식가 (po)lymath


1767. refrigeration ①냉각②냉동


1768. ①관련있는②적절한 (re)levant


1769. remarkable ①놀라운②주목할 만한


1770. spontaneous ①자연스러운②자발적인


1771. unrecorded 기록되지 않은


1772. unsuitably 적절치 않게


 


 

20수특 22-4


1773. ①적응하다②변화 (ad)apt


1774. agroforestry ①삼림 농업②농림업


1775. ①기초②근거 (ba)sis


1776. ①기후의②기후에 의한 (cl)imatic


1777. ①깊이②심도 (de)pth


1778. diversity ①다양성②상이


1779. ①가축화한②길들인 (do)mesticated


1780. ①길들이기②정듦 (do)mestication


1781. enabled 가능하게하다


1782. estimates ①추정하다②예상하다


1783. evolution ①진화②변화


1784. ①섬유②섬유질 (fi)bre


1785. genetic 유전적인


1786. heritable 상속할 수 있는


1787. 개인들 (in)dividuals


1788. 관련시키다 (in)volves


1789. ①다수의②대부분 (ma)jority


1790. ①농장②조림지 (pl)antations


1791. regarded ①간주하다②생각하다


1792. selection ①선택②선발


1793. tropics ①열대 지방의②열대성의


1794. undergone undergo의 과거 분사형


1795. 기술 되지 않은 (un)described


 


 

20수특 23-1


1796. captivity ①속박②감금


1797. 육식 동물 (ca)rnivores


1798. ①청구하다②부담으로 하다 (ch)arges


1799. ①박탈하다②빼앗다 (de)priving


1800. distasteful ①싫은②불쾌한


1801. ①도망치다②피하다 (fl)ee


1802. 수렵 채집 (fo)raging


1803. ①우세한②지배적인 (pr)edominant


1804. replicate ①모사하다②복제하다


1805. ①반복되는②많은 (re)plicating


1806. ①과분한②노력 없이 얻은 (un)earned


1807. unnatural 부자연스러운


 


 

20수특 23-2


1808. allotment ①분배②할당


1809. ①크루즈②유람선 (cr)uise


1810. ①깊이②심도 (de)pth


1811. disadvantage ①불리②불리하게 하다


1812. ①역사적인②사 (hi)storic


1813. itineraries ①여로②여행의


1814. limited ①한정된②제한을 받은


1815. majority ①다수의②대부분


1816. peeve ①약올리다②불평


1817. ①리조트②의존하다 (re)sort


1818. specialized ①전문의②분화한


 


 

20수특 23-34


1819. ①분명히②명백히 (ap)parently


1820. ①척②던지다 (ch)uck


1821. 결론짓다 (co)ncluded


1822. ①분명히②확실하게 (de)finitely


1823. ①고생해서②엄격하게 (ha)rdaway


1824. league ①리그②연맹


1825. ①보강②강화 (re)inforcement


1826. ①폭락②푹 쓰러지다 (sl)ump


1827. streak ①연속②계속


 


 

20수특 24-1


1828. accomplishment ①성취②업적


1829. achieving ①성과를 올리다②성취하다


1830. aesthetic 미학의


1831. ①자동적으로②자연히 (au)tomatically


1832. considerably ①많이②상당히


1833. ①문맥②상황 (co)ntext


1834. ①기준②평가 (cr)iterion


1835. established ①설립하다②세우다


1836. ①설명②해명 (ex)planation


1837. extraordinary ①특별한②뛰어난


1838. firmly ①확고하게②강하게


1839. ①기능②역할 (fu)nction


1840. indeed ①정말로②사실은


1841. ①악기②도구 (in)strument


1842. 연기자 (pe)rformers


1843. ①쓰는②긁어대는 (ra)sping


1844. ①문지르다②난폭하게 비비다 (sc)raping


1845. tonal ①음색의②색조의


1846. 다양하게 나타나다 (va)ries


 


 

20수특 24-2


1847. ①각도②관점 (an)gle


1848. ①자동적으로②자연히 (au)tomatically


1849. ①구성②작문 (co)mposition


1850. ①압축하다②습포 (co)mpressing


1851. consideration ①고려②배려


1852. ①정의하다②경계를 정하다 (de)fining


1853. depicted ①묘사하다②그리다


1854. diminish ①낮아지다②줄어들다


1855. emphasizing ①강조하다②강세를 두다


1856. evolved ①발전하다②진전하다


1857. formulas ①공식②방식


1858. ①광고를 하는 사람②이미지를 만드는 사람 (im)agemakers


1859. knowledgeable ①박식한②정통해 있는


1860. ①직선 모양의②길이에 관한 (li)near


1861. modified ①완화된②수정된


1862. ①어둠 상자②차광 상자 (ob)scura


1863. perspective ①관점②시각


1864. pictorial ①그림의②그림으로 나타낸


1865. predefined 미리 정하다


1866. procedures ①절차②과정


1867. radical ①급진적인②과격한


1868. represented ①나타내다②ㅇㅇ의 대리를 하다


1869. ①닮다②ㅇㅇ과 비슷하다 (re)sembled


1870. ①선택②선발 (se)lection


1871. sophisticated ①정교한②복잡한


1872. ①특정한②구체적인 (sp)ecific


1873. ①음색의②색조의 (to)nal


1874. ①추적하다②흔적 (tr)ace


1875. ①불변의②변하지 않은 (un)changed


1876. unforeseen ①예기치 않은②뜻하지 않은


1877. unintentional ①본의 아닌②무심결의


1878. unleash ①놓아주다②ㅇㅇ의 속박을 풀다


 


 

20수특 24-3


1879. abundant ①풍부한②많은


1880. ①건축②설계 (ar)chitecture


1881. ①유용성②유효성 (av)ailability


1882. ①복잡함②난이도 (co)mplexity


1883. ①의식한②친화적 (co)nscious


1884. conservation ①보존②보호


1885. ①보수적인②보수주의자 (co)nservative


1886. depended 의존하다


1887. ①효과적인②유효성 (ef)fectiveness


1888. 봉투 (en)velope


1889. ①팽창성 있는②광범위한 (ex)pansive


1890. facades ①정면②외관


1891. fossil ①화석②시대에 뒤진 사람


1892. ①관대함②아낌없는 (ge)nerosity


1893. glazing ①흐릿한②윤이 나는


1894. ①절연체②단열재 (in)sulation


1895. ①신뢰②의존 (re)liance


1896. retention ①보유②기억


1897. spatial ①공간의②공간적인


1898. ①경향②성향 (te)ndencies


1899. tightness ①기밀②조임


1900. ventilation ①환기②환기 장치


 


 

20수특 24-4


1901. ①의제②과제 (ag)enda


1902. ①이해②감사 (ap)preciation


1903. attractions ①관광지②명소


1904. composer ①작곡가②작가


1905. devised ①고안하다②마련하다


1906. ①명백한②분명한 (ev)ident


1907. francophone ①프랑스 어권②프랑스어를 말하는 주민


1908. ①장르②유형 (ge)nre


1909. identified ①확인된②인정된


1910. identities ①동일함②본인임


1911. idiosyncratic ①특유한②특이한


1912. ①일정②기행 (it)inerary


1913. tourism ①관광②여행


 


 

20수특 25-1


1914. achieving ①성과를 올리다②성취하다


1915. approaches 접근하다


1916. 기록 보관소의 (ar)chival


1917. ①공문서②기록 보관소 (ar)chives


1918. 세균의 (ba)cterial


1919. ①비판적인②중요한 (cr)itical


1920. ①위하다②촉진하다 (fa)cilitate


1921. 잊혀진 (fo)rgotten


1922. ①확인하다②알아보다 (id)entify


1923. implementing ①도구②비품


1924. innovation ①혁신②획기적인


1925. laboratory ①연구실②실험실


1926. strain ①변형②종류


1927. ①스릴②흥분 (th)rill


1928. ①발견하다②밝히다 (un)cover


1929. undergraduate ①대학의②학부의


1930. vehicle ①차량②자동차


 


 

20수특 25-2


1931. ①맞은②이긴 (be)aten


1932. ①어두운②암담한 (bl)eak


1933. 결론짓다 (co)ncluded


1934. conviction ①확신②유죄 판결


1935. credited ①신용②명성


1936. ①십년간②수십년 (de)cades


1937. determined ①결정된②결심한


1938. doomed ①희망없는②실패한


1939. extraordinary ①특별한②뛰어난


1940. imminent ①절박한②임박한


1941. nurture ①육성하다②양육하다


1942. overwhelming ①압도하다②억누르다


1943. ①겉보기에는②언뜻 보기에 (se)emingly


1944. slum ①빈민가②빈민굴


1945. sociology ①사회과학②사회학


1946. surviving 살아남아 있는


 


 

20수특 25-3


1947. associations ①협회②관련


1948. ①광범위하게②거리낌없는 (br)oadly


1949. ①관대한②자비로운 (ch)aritable


1950. expanded ①확대하다②확장하다


1951. gentiles ①비유대인의②이교의


1952. ①항구②품다 (ha)rbored


1953. 개인들 (in)dividuals


1954. ①유대인②유대인의 (je)ws


1955. 비구조자들 (no)nrescuers


1956. ①예비의②장래의 (pr)ospective


1957. rescuers 구조자들


1958. ①유사점②비슷함 (si)milarity


1959. ①스펙트럼②범위 (sp)ectrum


 


 

20수특 25-4


1960. attitude ①태도②자세


1961. consequence ①결과②대가


1962. ①투덜거리는②불평하는 (gr)umbling


1963. ①입력②산업 (in)put


1964. ①엉망②혼란 (me)ss


1965. ①무시②방치하다 (ne)glect


1966. resistance ①저항②내성


1967. ①일방적인②한쪽만의 (un)ilateral


 


 

20수특 26-1


1968. bane ①죽음②파멸


1969. ①악마②귀재 (de)mon


1970. desire ①욕망②싶다


1971. 고용 (em)ployment


1972. essence ①본질②정수


1973. existence ①존재②현존


1974. gratification ①만족②희열


1975. 즉각적인 (im)mediate


1976. ①미루다②끌다 (pr)ocrastinate


1977. ①지연②미루기 (pr)ocrastination


1978. ①산 제물②희생 (sa)crificing


1979. satisfying ①만족시키다②충족시키다


1980. ①용어②기간 (te)rm


 


 

20수특 26-2


1981. apparel ①의류②의복


1982. ①분류상의 구분②종류 (ca)tegories


1983. category ①범주②부문


1984. ①의식②기념식 (ce)remonial


1985. commitment ①몰입②약속


1986. functioning ①기능②의식


1987. gender ①성별②성


1988. ①그룹으로 나누기②배합 (gr)oupings


1989. ①작용하다②교류하다 (in)teract


1990. occasions ①경우②때


1991. ①정치의②정당의 (po)litical


1992. ①광적인 신앙심②종교성 (re)ligiosity


1993. rituals ①의식②제사


1994. ①중요한②상당한 (si)gnificant


1995. societies 사회


1996. sorting ①분류하다②정렬하다


1997. ①씩씩한②ㅇㅇ의 정신을 지닌 (sp)irited


1998. stance ①입장②자세


1999. ①시각적으로②시각에 관하여 (vi)sually


 


 

20수특 26-3


2000. addressed ①다뤄진②다뤄지다


2001. competence ①능력②자신감


2002. demands ①요구하다②수요


2003. diversity ①다양성②상이


2004. economic ①경제의②경기의


2005. educators ①교육자②교사


2006. ①관여하다②약혼하다 (en)gage


2007. envision ①상상하다②마음에 그리다


2008. ①평등②동등 (eq)uality


2009. ①민족의②혈통의 (et)hnic


2010. ①존재하다②있다 (ex)ist


2011. ①이민②출입국 관리 (im)migration


2012. impermeable ①통과시키지 않는②빠져나갈 수 없는


2013. indeed ①정말로②사실은


2014. ①격렬해지다②강해지다 (in)tensified


2015. linguistic 언어의


2016. paradigms ①어형 변화예②패러다임


2017. racial ①인종의②민족의


2018. societies 사회


2019. 지속 가능한 (su)stainable


2020. transformation ①전환②변화


2021. unnoticed ①주목받지 못하는②눈에 띄지 않는


2022. ①환상의②공상적인 (vi)sionary


 


 

20수특 26-4


2023. 출생률 (bi)rthrate


2024. ①기여하다②공헌하다 (co)ntribute


2025. ①상호 관계②상관 관계 (co)rrelation


2026. ①건강②운동 (fi)tness


2027. ①번영하는②성대한 (fl)ourishing


2028. ①일체를 포함한②포괄적인 (in)clusive


2029. initially ①처음에②당초에


2030. ①반대의②역의 (in)verse


2031. literacy ①읽고 쓰는 능력②읽고 쓸 줄 앎


2032. proxy ①대리인②대리권


2033. ①선택된②선발된 (se)lected


2034. selection ①선택②선발


2035. universal ①보편적인②전 세계의


2036. ①활용하다②이용하다 (ut)ilize


 


 

20수특 27-1


2037. accessed 접근하다


2038. administration ①정부②행정


2039. advocates ①옹호하다②주장하다


2040. ①시도하다②노력 (at)tempt


2041. ①관료②공무원 (bu)reaucrat


2042. burgeoning ①급증하는②급성장 하는


2043. citizen ①시민②국민


2044. clients 고객


2045. ①상업②무역 (co)mmerce


2046. conducting ①실시하다②수행하다


2047. convenience ①편의②편리


2048. democratize ①민주화하다②민주적으로 하다


2049. dramatic ①극적인②급격한


2050. governance ①통치②지배


2051. governmental ①정치의②행정 기관의


2052. 개인의 (in)dividual


2053. modernize ①현대화되다②근대화하다


2054. presence ①존재②영향력


2055. provision ①규정②조항


2056. ①개량자②종교 개혁가 (re)formers


2057. responsive ①반응하는②대응하는


2058. ①부문②분야 (se)ctor


 


 

20수특 27-2


2059. ①일렬②관련 (al)ign


2060. assistant ①보조②조수


2061. autonomous ①자주적인②자율적인


2062. ①갈등②분쟁 (co)nflict


2063. destinations ①목적지②관광지


2064. interacts ①상호 작용하다②교류하다


2065. internal ①내부의②국내의


2066. involved ①관련된②관여하는


2067. pedestrians ①보행의②도보의


2068. ①차량②자동차 (ve)hicles


 


 

20수특 27-3


2069. ①광고하다②홍보하다 (ad)vertised


2070. advertisers ①광고자②광고인


2071. attachments ①애착②부착


2072. chronicled ①연대기에 싣다②역사에 남기다


2073. ①광대②시골뜨기 (cl)own


2074. ①상업용의②상업적인 (co)mmercial


2075. enduring ①참을성있는②지속하는


2076. ①특징②출연하다 (fe)ature


2077. featuring ①보여준②등장


2078. glamorous ①매혹적인②매력이 넘치는


2079. ①육성하다②양육하다 (nu)rture


2080. programmers 프로그램 개발에 편리한 툴의 집합


2081. specifically ①특히②구체적으로


2082. ①ㅇㅇ후원의②자선 목적의 (sp)onsored


 


 

20수특 27-4


2083. ①기관②소속사 (ag)ency


2084. anonymous ①익명의②이름을 밝히지 않은


2085. ①한계②묶인 (bo)und


2086. ①소비자②고객 (co)nsumer


2087. ①개발자②계발자 (de)velopers


2088. disrupt ①방해하다②피해를 주다


2089. enables 가능하게하다


2090. hackers 해커


2091. 개인들 (in)dividuals


2092. ①사실을 구함②조사 (in)quiries


2093. intimate ①친밀한②사적인


2094. invasions ①침략②침공


2095. leaks ①새는 곳②누전


2096. ①확보하다②안전한 (se)cure


2097. ①보안②안보 (se)curity


2098. ①봉사자②서브하는 사람 (se)rvers


2099. ①특정한②구체적인 (sp)ecific


2100. trajectory ①탄도②궤적


 


 

20수특 28-1


2101. approach ①접근하다②접근법


2102. coactors ①협력자②공동 작업자


2103. cognitive ①인식의②인지의


2104. ①방해하다②피해를 주다 (di)srupt


2105. ①당황②부끄러움 (em)barrassment


2106. facilitation ①용이하게 하기②간편화


2107. favorable ①유리한②호의적인


2108. ①증가하다②늘리다 (in)crease


2109. 개인들 (in)dividuals


2110. ①강도②강렬함 (in)tensity


2111. interference ①간섭②방해


2112. ①동기 부여②의욕 (mo)tivate


2113. motivation ①동기 부여②욕구


2114. presence ①존재②영향력


2115. ①제안하다②제시하다 (pr)oposes


 


 

20수특 28-2


2116. ①성취하다②이루어 내다 (ac)complished


2117. achieving ①성과를 올리다②성취하다


2118. eventually ①결국②마침내


2119. greatness ①위대함②탁월함


2120. trail ①둘레길②등산로


2121. ultimately ①마침내②결국


2122. ①활력②생명력 (vi)tality


2123. worthwhile ①가치있는②ㅇㅇ할 만한


 


 

20수특 28-3


2124. affect ①영향을 주다②작용하다


2125. ①전염성의②감염병 (co)ntagious


2126. ①만나다②마주치다 (en)counters


2127. frustrating 실망하는 듯한


2128. fulfilling ①이루다②이행하다


2129. ①스며들게 하다②불어넣다 (im)bue


2130. ①화난②안달이 난 (ir)ritating


2131. painful ①고통스러운②아픈


2132. predict ①예측하다②전망하다


2133. prophecy ①예언②예측


 


 

20수특 28-4


2134. craftsmanship ①손재주②솜씨


2135. defensive ①방어적인②수세의


2136. ①이끌어 내다②끌어내다 (el)icit


2137. guessed ①ㅇㅇ인 것 같다②ㅇㅇ라고 생각하다


2138. ①조종하다②돌리다 (st)eer


 


 

20수특 29-1


2139. ①이해②감사 (ap)preciation


2140. competing ①경쟁하다②경기하다


2141. eliminated ①제거하다②실격시키다


2142. firms 회사


2143. manufacturers ①제조업자②업체


2144. merged ①합병하다②변하게 하다


2145. railroads ①철도에서 일하다②철도


2146. regional ①지역의②지방의


2147. ①선박②십 (sh)ipped


2148. slaughterhouses 도살장


 


 

20수특 29-2


2149. aesthetic 미학의


2150. applied ①적용된②응용의


2151. ①일어나다②일어서다 (ar)ising


2152. ①상황②환경 (ci)rcumstance


2153. constrained ①강요당한②부자연스러운


2154. convention ①협약②대회


2155. ①시대②시절 (er)a


2156. financial ①금융의②경제의


2157. freedom ①자유②석방


2158. ①성별②성 (ge)nder


2159. ①정말로②사실은 (in)deed


2160. individuals 개인들


2161. ①진보적인②자유로운 (li)beral


2162. qualify ①자격을 갖추다②자격을 얻다


2163. 사회 (so)cieties


2164. ①시간을 초월한②무한한 (ti)meless


 


 

20수특 29-3


2165. accused ①비난 받은②혐의를 받다


2166. ①도움이 되다②돕다 (ai)des


2167. ①보조②조수 (as)sistants


2168. ①후보자②지원자 (ca)ndidate


2169. constant ①일정한②지속적인


2170. criticism ①비판②비난


2171. ①패배시키다②이기다 (de)feat


2172. ①파괴적인②해로운 (de)structive


2173. esteem ①존중하다②평가하다


2174. exaggerated ①과장된②과대한


2175. individuals 개인들


2176. narcissists 자기 도취자


2177. ①낙관적인②긍정적인 (op)timistic


2178. politicians 정치가


2179. ①가능성②그럴듯한 (pr)obable


2180. rationalize ①합리화하다②유리화하다


2181. ①순환하다②맴돌다 (re)volves


2182. seriousness ①중대함②진지함


2183. spotlight 스포트라이트


2184. territory ①영토②영역


2185. trait ①특징②특성


2186. 부자연스럽게 (un)naturally


 


 

20수특 29-4


2187. ①책임이 있는②설명할 수 있는 (ac)countable


2188. alienation ①소외②양도


2189. ①반대②반 (an)ti


2190. ①불안②걱정 (an)xiety


2191. boardrooms ①이사회 회의실②매매소


2192. bureaucracies ①관료제②관료


2193. ①능력②용량 (ca)pacity


2194. corporations ①기업②회사


2195. deficit ①적자②결손


2196. ①결정하다②밝히다 (de)termine


2197. economic ①경제의②경기의


2198. eroding ①침식하다②부식하다


2199. fates ①운명이다②운명


2200. globalization ①세계화②국제화


2201. globalizers ①세계화하다②전 세계에 퍼뜨리다


2202. ①성실②충성 (lo)yalties


2203. ①반대하다②대항하다 (op)pose


2204. ①원격의②외딴 (re)mote


2205. reserve ①보유하다②보호지역


2206. sovereign ①주권자②주권의


2207. transnational ①다국적 기업의②다국적의


2208. ①놓아주다②ㅇㅇ의 속박을 풀다 (un)leashing


 


 

20수특 30-1


2209. adjusted ①조정되다②적응하다


2210. casual 편한


2211. clinic ①병원②클리닉


2212. 비교 (co)mparison


2213. considerable ①상당한②꽤


2214. devastated ①큰 타격을 받은②황폐한


2215. 감정적으로 (em)otionally


2216. eventually ①결국②마침내


2217. ①장비가 갖추어진②꼭 맞는 (fi)tted


2218. ①전망②경치 (ou)tlook


2219. pirate ①해적②불법 복제


2220. prosthesis ①보철②인공물


2221. ①스릴②흥분 (th)rill


 


 

20수특 30-2


2222. definition ①정의②개념


2223. exhausted 지친


2224. functioning ①기능②의식


2225. ①섭취②흡입 (in)take


2226. psychological ①심리학의②정신의


 


 

20수특 30-3


2227. 접근할 수 있는 (ac)cessible


2228. ①양자택일②한쪽 (al)ternatives


2229. ①반대②반 (an)ti


2230. ①기초②근거 (ba)sis


2231. 신체 역학의 (bi)omechanical


2232. broader ①폭이 넓은②광대한


2233. ①세포의②휴대전화 (ce)llular


2234. ①ㅇㅇ로 이뤄지다②구성하다 (co)mprises


2235. ①문맥②상황 (co)ntext


2236. diet 식단


2237. ①담론②담화 (di)scourse


2238. enhance ①향상하다②강화하다


2239. ①시대②시절 (er)a


2240. ①초점에 모이다②주의를 집중하다 (fo)cuses


2241. guaranteed ①보장하다②보증


2242. healing ①치유②치료


2243. 개인의 (in)dividual


2244. ①산업②업계 (in)dustry


2245. ①통찰②명찰 (in)sights


2246. ①상호 작용②관련 (in)teractions


2247. ①장수②수명 (lo)ngevity


2248. ①약효가 있는②약의 (me)dicinal


2249. ①영양의②영양상의 (nu)tritional


2250. ①관찰②관측 (ob)servation


2251. ①처리하다②과정 (pr)ocesses


2252. ①홍보하다②승진시키다 (pr)omotes


2253. supplements ①추가②보각


 


 

20수특 30-4


2254. ①연관된②관계가 있는 (as)sociated


2255. 콜레라 (ch)olera


2256. epidemic ①유행②유행병


2257. fermented 발효된


2258. 흠이 있는 (fl)awed


2259. harsh ①가혹한②거친


2260. ①방해하다②막다 (hi)ndered


2261. ①위생②건강법 (hy)giene


2262. ①장수②수명 (lo)ngevity


2263. orthodoxy ①정통파적 신념②정교적 신앙


2264. prominent ①유명한②두드러진


2265. ①잘 익은②때가 된 (ri)pe


2266. ①추측하다②분석하다 (sp)eculate


2267. zoologist 동물학자


 


 

20수특 T1-1


2268. academic ①학업의②학문적인


2269. ①적용②응용 (ap)plication


2270. applying ①적용하다②지원하다


2271. ①기업의②회사의 (co)rporate


2272. finalists ①결승전 출전자②대학 졸업 시험 수험자


2273. ①부여하다②주다 (gr)anted


2274. industry ①산업②업계


2275. inform 알리다


2276. ①자질②자격 (qu)alifications


2277. reapply ①다시 적용하다②다시 쓰다


2278. regret ①후회하다②유감


2279. scholarship ①장학금②학문


2280. ①시간대②자리 (sl)ot


 


 

20수특 T1-2


2281. adjust ①조정되다②적응하다


2282. barely ①거의 ㅇㅇ않다②겨우


2283. ①숨②호흡 (br)eath


2284. ①부력②부양성 (bu)oyancy


2285. confining ①국한②제한된


2286. ①돌진하다②찬물을 끼얹다 (da)sh


2287. disorientingly ①길을 잃게 하는②혼란스럽게 만드는


2288. grin ①웃다②웃음


2289. invertebrate ①무척추동물②무척추동물의


2290. lighted ①빛②햇빛


2291. proceed ①나아가다②전진하다


2292. ①다시 초점을 맞추다②중점을 바꾸다 (re)focus


2293. signaled ①신호②계기


2294. uneasiness ①불안②걱정


 


 

20수특 T1-3


2295. ①콘텐츠②내용 (co)ntent


2296. distracted ①주의를 빼앗다②관심이 멀어지다


2297. ensuring ①확실하게 하다②확보하다


2298. 잊혀진 (fo)rgotten


2299. guarantee ①보장하다②보증


2300. internalised ①내면화하다②자기 것으로 하다


2301. ①인트라넷②내부 전산망 (in)tranet


2302. 이반 (iu)vant


2303. ①다중 통화의②다중 채널의 (mu)ltichannel


2304. ①무시②방치하다 (ne)glected


2305. pondered ①잘 생각하다②숙고하다


2306. ①수신②리셉션 (re)ception


2307. redundant ①여분의②장황한


2308. ①관련있는②적절한 (re)levant


2309. selection ①선택②선발


 


 

20수특 T1-4


2310. automatic ①자동의②자연적으로


2311. ①주장하다②말하다 (cl)aimed


2312. cooperation 협력


2313. ①지배하다②우뚝 솟다 (do)minated


2314. ①열정적인②열렬한 (en)thusiastic


2315. ①속구②패스트볼 (fa)stball


2316. ①재단②기반 (fo)undation


2317. individual 개인의


2318. intimidated ①무서워하는②벌벌 떠는


2319. intuitively 직관적으로


2320. league ①리그②연맹


2321. ①적대하는②정반대의 (op)posing


2322. ①인식②인정 (re)cognition


2323. ①막을 수 없는②이길 수 없는 (un)stoppable


 


 

20수특 T1-5


2324. concierge ①수위②관리인


2325. conflict ①갈등②분쟁


2326. ①소비자②고객 (co)nsumer


2327. 직원들 (em)ployees


2328. ensure ①ㅇㅇ하기 위해②보장하다


2329. 회사 (fi)rms


2330. fitness ①건강②운동


2331. ①상호 작용②관련 (in)teractions


2332. nondrinking ①금주②술 끊기


2333. nonsmokers 비흡연자의 권리


2334. ①단골②후원자 (pa)trons


2335. purchase ①구매하다②구입하다


2336. reunion ①상봉②재회


2337. ①만족②충족 (sa)tisfaction


2338. ①크게②현저히 (si)gnificantly


2339. smokers ①담배를 피우는 사람②흡연차


2340. ①고참병②노련가 (ve)terans


 


 

20수특 T1-6


2341. basically 기본적으로


2342. ①코치②감독 (co)aches


2343. ①십년간②수십년 (de)cades


2344. ①정의하다②말한다 (de)fine


2345. ①북을 치는 것②둥둥 울리는 소리 (dr)umming


2346. ①향상하다②강화하다 (en)hance


2347. ensure ①ㅇㅇ하기 위해②보장하다


2348. foremost ①최우선②가장


2349. indeed ①정말로②사실은


2350. ①기법②기술 (te)chnique


2351. token ①토큰②표시


 


 

20수특 T1-7


2352. absorb ①흡수하다②열중하다


2353. ①해조②말 (al)ga


2354. ①생물학의②생물학적 약제 (bi)ological


2355. coalburning 석탄태움


2356. consisting ①이루어지다②구성되다


2357. ①계속해서②지속적으로 (co)ntinually


2358. ①외각질의②무뚝뚝한 (cr)usty


2359. 이산화물 (di)oxide


2360. excessive ①과도한②지나친


2361. existed ①존재하다②있다


2362. ①균②곰팡이 (fu)ngus


2363. ①지표②지수 (in)dicators


2364. industrial ①산업의②공업의


2365. interdependent 상호 의존의


2366. ①이끼②지의의 식물 (li)chen


2367. northwest ①북서②노스웨스트


2368. ①음식물②영양 (no)urishment


2369. ①생물②유기체 (or)ganism


2370. originates ①시작하다②일으키다


2371. ①오염 물질②오염원 (po)llutant


2372. ①더럽히다②타락시키다 (po)lluting


2373. presence ①존재②영향력


2374. sicken ①구역질나게 하다②못 쓰게 되다


2375. specific ①특정한②구체적인


2376. sulfur 유황의


2377. varieties ①다양성②변화


 


 

20수특 T1-8


2378. biodiversity 생물의 다양성


2379. destructive ①파괴적인②해로운


2380. diverse ①다양한②여러 가지의


2381. ①생태학적②환경 친화적인 (ec)ological


2382. economy ①경제②경기


2383. ecotourism 환경관광


2384. ①숲②산림 (fo)rested


2385. ①자주②잦은 (fr)equent


2386. hardwoods ①경재②경재의


2387. ①수확②추수 (ha)rvested


2388. ①허리케인②폭풍 (hu)rricanes


2389. 뉴칼레도니섬 석호 (la)goons


2390. landmass ①대륙②광대한 육지


2391. ①저지②저지의 (lo)wland


2392. mahogany ①마호가니②마호가니색


2393. reef ①산호초②암초


2394. ①아열대의②아열대성의 (su)btropical


2395. swampy ①습지가 많은②습지의


 


 

20수특 T1-9


2396. ①기술②변명 (ac)counted


2397. enrolled ①등록하다②기록하다


2398. enrollment ①등록②입학


2399. ①민족의②혈통의 (et)hnic


2400. ①증가하다②늘리다 (in)crease


2401. multi ①다중②다


2402. terms ①용어②기간


 


 

20수특 T1-10


2403. ①혐의②충전 (ch)arge


2404. county ①군②주


2405. curator ①큐레이터②전시기획자


2406. ①지침②가이드라인 (gu)idelines


2407. participating 참가적의


2408. ①수신②리셉션 (re)ception


2409. ①등록하다②기록하다 (re)gister


 


 

20수특 T1-11


2410. ①비정상적인②이상한 (ab)normal


2411. aeds ①에이즈②지원


2412. ①분석②해석 (an)alysis


2413. analyze ①분석하다②조사하다


2414. analyzing ①분석하다②분석하여 조사하다


2415. arrest ①체포하다②구속하다


2416. ①자동화된②자동의 (au)tomated


2417. cardiac ①심장의②심장병 환자


2418. ①혐의②충전 (ch)arge


2419. compression ①압축②응축


2420. ①비판적인②중요한 (cr)itical


2421. defibrillators ①세동 제거기②제세동기


2422. ①찾아내다②감지하다 (de)tect


2423. electrical ①전기의②전자의


2424. ①외부의②대외적인 (ex)ternal


2425. instruct ①지시하다②교육하다


2426. ①복원하다②회복하다 (re)store


2427. ①피해자②희생자 (vi)ctim


2428. ①가창의②목소리의 (vo)cal


 


 

20수특 T1-12


2429. acquaintance ①아는 사람②인물


2430. adapting ①개조된②개작된


2431. ①가정하다②생각하다 (as)sume


2432. ①가정②추측 (as)sumption


2433. ①시도하다②노력 (at)tempting


2434. ①순응하다②따르다 (co)nform


2435. ①진심②충정 (co)rdiality


2436. ①만나다②마주치다 (en)counter


2437. ①충돌②영향 (im)pacting


2438. initiate 시작하다


2439. 좋은 의도 (in)tentions


2440. ①관점②시각 (pe)rspective


 


 

20수특 T1-13


2441. ①조언하다②권하다 (ad)vise


2442. akin ①비슷한②같이


2443. clients 고객


2444. ①욕망②싶다 (de)sire


2445. developments ①발달②발달한 상태


2446. ①비옥한②가임의 (fe)rtile


2447. fitted ①장비가 갖추어진②꼭 맞는


2448. haphazardly ①계획 없이②엉터리로


2449. imported ①중요하다②수입하다


2450. mismatches ①부적당하게 짝지우다②부적당한 짝


2451. rug ①양탄자②깔개


2452. ①선택된②선발된 (se)lected


2453. slope ①경사②스키장


2454. tract ①관②지역


2455. tuxedo 턱시도


 


 

20수특 T1-14


2456. advantage ①이점②우위


2457. basis ①기초②근거


2458. capable ①가능성있는②능력있는


2459. collective ①집단적인②공동의


2460. compelling 억지로 ㅇㅇ하게하다


2461. ①경쟁력②장점 (co)mpetitiveness


2462. debilitating 쇠약하게 만드는


2463. 직원들 (em)ployees


2464. fluid ①유동성의②액체


2465. halving ①반분하다②반감하다


2466. ①마력②달성 능력 (ho)rsepower


2467. humanitarian ①인도주의적인②인도주의자


2468. ①포함하다②결합하다 (in)corporate


2469. individual 개인의


2470. integrating ①통합된②종합


2471. intellectual ①지적인②지식인


2472. ①지능②정보 (in)telligence


2473. laboratory ①연구실②실험실


2474. mobilization ①동원②유통


2475. mobilizing ①동원되다②전시 동원하다


2476. ①정책②제도 (po)licy


2477. radical ①급진적인②과격한


2478. ①앉아서 하는②앉아 있는 (se)dentary


2479. setups ①세트업②생각


2480. strategic ①전략적인②중요한


 


 

20수특 T1-15


2481. accessible 접근할 수 있는


2482. acquire ①얻다②습득하다


2483. ①참석②다니는 (at)tending


2484. conference ①회견②회의


2485. constructed ①만들다②건설하다


2486. ①헌신적인②전용의 (de)dicated


2487. ①문서의②기록물 (do)cumentaries


2488. expertise ①전문적 기술②전문 기술


2489. ①열광자②별난 (fr)eak


2490. ①정말로②사실은 (in)deed


2491. program (pr)ogrammes


2492. ①재구성②재건 (re)construct


2493. wiped ①닦다②없애다


 


 

20수특 T1-16


2494. 결론짓다 (co)nclude


2495. ①합의②의견 (co)nsensus


2496. enthusiastically ①열심히②열광하여


2497. ①유죄의②죄책감 (gu)ilty


2498. initially ①처음에②당초에


2499. interrogators ①질문자②호출기


2500. motivation ①동기 부여②욕구


2501. persuasive ①설득력 있는②설득적인


2502. ①정치의②정당의 (po)litical


2503. ①지름길②첩경 (sh)ortcut


2504. witnessed ①증명하다②목격하다


 


 

20수특 T1-17


2505. ①옹호하다②주장하다 (ad)vocate


2506. capacity ①능력②용량


2507. ①간주하다②특징을 나타내다 (ch)aracterized


2508. ①시민의②민사의 (ci)vil


2509. claims ①주장하다②말하다


2510. ①식민지의②일제 강점기 (co)lonial


2511. ①식민단②식민지 (co)lonies


2512. conflict ①갈등②분쟁


2513. crucial ①중요한②결정적인


2514. ①거만한②멸시하는 (di)smissively


2515. ①검사하다②시험하다 (ex)amining


2516. excluded ①제외하다②배제하다


2517. ①수출②수출액 (ex)port


2518. functionaries ①직원②공무원


2519. ①제국의②황제의 (im)perial


2520. individuals 개인들


2521. ①후자의②하반기의 (la)tter


2522. ①가장자리의②경계의 (ma)rginal


2523. ①메커니즘②장치 (me)chanism


2524. 회원 (me)mbership


2525. participating 참가적의


2526. ①참여②참가 (pa)rticipation


2527. profit ①이익②수익


2528. ①해결하다②정착하다 (se)ttle


2529. superfluous ①여분의②불필요한


2530. ①흑자②무역수지 (su)rplus


 


 

20수특 T1-18


2531. ①영향을 주다②작용하다 (af)fect


2532. ①농업의②농산의 (ag)ricultural


2533. ①해조의②조류의 (al)gal


2534. ①연관된②관계가 있는 (as)sociated


2535. ①화학적인②화학물질 (ch)emical


2536. commercial ①상업용의②상업적인


2537. ①하류 부문의②흐름을 따른 (do)wnstream


2538. ecology 생태 환경


2539. economic ①경제의②경기의


2540. elevated ①높은②고상한


2541. ①침식하다②부식하다 (er)oded


2542. eventually ①결국②마침내


2543. 비료 (fe)rtilizers


2544. ①어업②수산 회사 (fi)sheries


2545. groundwater ①지하수②갱내수


2546. impacts ①충돌②영향


2547. increase ①증가하다②늘리다


2548. ①입력②산업 (in)puts


2549. ①죽이는 사람②멎게 하는 것 (ki)llers


2550. nutrient 영양


2551. ①농약②살충제 (pe)sticides


2552. ①휴양의②오락의 (re)creational


2553. regional ①지역의②지방의


2554. ①침전물②앙금 (se)diment


2555. ①마침내②결국 (ul)timately


2556. ①잡초②제거하다 (we)ed


 


 

20수특 T1-19


2557. accomplish ①성취하다②이루어 내다


2558. ①떠오르다②드러나다 (em)erged


2559. establishing ①수립하다②제정하다


2560. identify ①확인하다②알아보다


2561. identity ①정체성②자신


2562. ①나타내다②가리키다 (in)dicated


2563. insights ①통찰②명찰


2564. ①관련된②관여하는 (in)volved


2565. ①과소평가하다②줄이다 (mi)nimize


2566. participant ①참가자②참여자


2567. ①관계②협조 (ra)pport


2568. revealing ①드러내다②나타내다


2569. simultaneously ①동시에②일제히


2570. ①사회 조직의②사회의 (so)ciological


2571. sociologists 사회학자


2572. strive ①노력하다②애쓰다


 


 

20수특 T1-20


2573. altered ①변하다②바뀌다


2574. ①승인된②통과된 (ap)proved


2575. checkered ①바둑판무늬인②가지각색의


2576. 만성적으로 (ch)ronically


2577. commercial ①상업용의②상업적인


2578. ①구성하다②작곡하다 (co)mposed


2579. coppicing 잡목림을 이룬


2580. degrading ①품위를 떨어뜨리는②품격을 낮추는


2581. erosion ①침식②부식


2582. existing ①기존의②존재하는


2583. ①부탁②선호하다 (fa)vored


2584. ①서식지②생태 (ha)bitat


2585. ①그러므로②앞으로 (he)nce


2586. inhibits ①억제하다②금하다


2587. litter ①쓰레기②한배의 새끼


2588. masked ①마스크②가면


2589. 중위도 (mi)dlatitude


2590. mosaic ①모자이크②모세의


2591. northwest ①북서②노스웨스트


2592. ①음모②줄거리 (pl)ots


2593. ①열대 우림②레인포리스트 (ra)inforest


2594. reforestation 재식림


2595. ①갱생②재건 (re)generation


2596. ①대신하다②바꾸다 (re)placing


2597. replanted ①옮겨 심다②재이식하다


2598. ①어린 나무②젊은이 (sa)plings


2599. 전략 (st)rategy


2600. tropics ①열대 지방의②열대성의


2601. undergrowth ①덤불②나무 그늘의 풀


2602. ①이용하다②활용하다 (ut)ilizing


 


 

20수특 T1-21


2603. alternative ①대안②대체


2604. ①편견②치우침 (bi)as


2605. ①의식한②친화적 (co)nscious


2606. ①성가신②다루기 힘든 (cu)mbersome


2607. excludes ①제외하다②배제하다


2608. ①성별②성 (ge)nder


2609. inclusive ①일체를 포함한②포괄적인


2610. interpersonal 대인 관계의


2611. ①남성의②남자다운 (ma)sculine


2612. ①중립②중성 (ne)utral


2613. pronoun 대명사


2614. 고쳐 말하다 (re)phrase


2615. 성 차별주의자 (se)xist


2616. terms ①용어②기간


 


 

20수특 T1-22


2617. ①연관된②관계가 있는 (as)sociated


2618. belonging ①속하다②ㅇㅇ의 것이다


2619. consumption ①소비②소비량


2620. contribute ①기여하다②공헌하다


2621. desires ①욕망을 가지다②바라다


2622. ①차이②분화 (di)fferentiation


2623. distant ①먼②원격의


2624. distinction ①구별②차이


2625. distinctive ①독특한②특유의


2626. fandom ①팬 전체②팬 층


2627. ①근거②체제 (fr)amework


2628. fundamental ①기본적인②근본적인


2629. identification ①표시②동정


2630. identifying ①확인하다②알아보다


2631. inclusion ①통합②포함


2632. individuals 개인들


2633. mainstream ①주류②대세


2634. opposing ①적대하는②정반대의


2635. ①최선의②가장 바람직한 (op)timal


2636. partially ①부분적으로②일부


2637. ①만족시키다②충족시키다 (sa)tisfy


2638. ①선별하여②선별적으로 (se)lectively


2639. ①동시에②일제히 (si)multaneously


2640. strive ①노력하다②애쓰다


2641. ①패배자②사회적 부정의 희생자 (un)derdog


2642. uniqueness ①유례없는 일②독특함


 


 

20수특 T1-23


2643. accomplished ①성취하다②이루어 내다


2644. ①성취②업적 (ac)complishment


2645. arbitrary ①임의의②독단적인


2646. chunking 청킹


2647. ①인지②인식 (co)gnition


2648. ①복잡한②복합의 (co)mplex


2649. compositions ①구성②작문


2650. ①만들다②건설하다 (co)nstruct


2651. describing ①묘사하다②말하다


2652. ①부호화하다②암호문으로 바꾸다 (en)code


2653. individual 개인의


2654. phrase ①말②구절


2655. ①상기하다②기억하다 (re)call


2656. reel ①비틀거리다②휘청거리다


2657. rehearsal ①예행 연습②리허설


2658. ①다시 하다②재연하다 (re)play


2659. ①재출발시키다②재시동 (re)starting


2660. retreading 다시 바닥을 붙이다


2661. seemingly ①겉보기에는②언뜻 보기에


2662. sonata ①소나타②주명곡


 


 

20수특 T1-2425


2663. arise ①발생하다②생기다


2664. attack ①공격하다②발작


2665. basically 기본적으로


2666. cognitive ①인식의②인지의


2667. confirmation ①확인②확증


2668. ①확인된②승인된 (co)nfirmed


2669. context ①문맥②상황


2670. correction ①교정②수정


2671. criticism ①비판②비난


2672. ①소화하다②먹다 (di)gesting


2673. ①이견②불일치 (di)sagreements


2674. doctrines ①원칙②독트린


2675. empirical ①경험적인②경험의


2676. endless ①끝없는②무한한


2677. ①과장해서 쓰다②과장해서 말하다 (ex)aggerates


2678. ①사실에 입각한②사실의 (fa)ctual


2679. ①극단적으로②미친 듯 날뛰며 (fu)riously


2680. ①가정하다②가설 (hy)potheses


2681. ①해석하다②통역하다 (in)terpret


2682. lacks ①부족②ㅇㅇ이 없다


2683. ①지도 제작②사상 (ma)pping


2684. mechanism ①메커니즘②장치


2685. neglects ①무시②경시


2686. ①부분적인②국소 (pa)rtial


2687. ①실용적인②실제적인 (pr)actical


2688. ①주로②우선 (pr)imarily


2689. pseudoscience 의사 과학


2690. pseudoscientist 가짜 과학자


2691. ①거절하다②버리다 (re)jects


2692. sect ①종파②파벌


2693. splitting ①파편②쪼개지는


2694. untestable 유언할 능력이 없는


 


 

20수특 T1-2628


2695. afterward ①그후②곧 이어


2696. ①타격②이불 솜 (ba)tting


2697. burst ①터지다②터뜨리다


2698. ①받을 만하다②가치가 있다 (de)served


2699. ①흙②먼지 (di)rt


2700. fence ①울타리②펜싱


2701. playoff ①재시합②연장전


2702. ①다시 시작하다②다시 차지하다 (re)sumed


2703. ①경쟁하는②경쟁자 (ri)vals


2704. ①흘리기②빈 껍질 (sh)edding


2705. shortstop ①유격수②다른 사람에게 돌리기 전에 덜다


2706. smashed ①치다②강타하다


2707. ①소프트볼②그 공 (so)ftball


2708. ①스포츠맨 정신②스포츠 정신 (sp)ortsmanship


2709. sprinted 전속력으로 달리다


2710. ①대체하다②대신 (su)bstitute


2711. teammates ①팀의 한 사람②단원


2712. thrilled ①스릴②흥분


2713. umpire ①심판②중재하다


2714. uninjured ①상해를 입지 않은②무사한


 


 

20수특 T2-1


2715. ①수용하다②맞추다 (ac)commodate


2716. additional ①추가의②더


2717. 책장 (bo)okshelves


2718. ①개선②향상 (im)provements


2719. ①유지②관리 (ma)intenance


2720. ①ㅇㅇ의 양을 최소 한도로 하다②최소 한도로 평가하다 (mi)nimized


 


 

20수특 T2-2


2721. absolutely ①절대적으로②완전히


2722. ①흡수하다②열중하다 (ab)sorbed


2723. ①기대②예상 (an)ticipation


2724. ①불안②걱정 (an)xiety


2725. ①활②인사하다 (bo)wed


2726. 소름 (go)osebumps


2727. ①호스티스②여주인 (ho)stess


2728. joyful 즐거운


2729. jury ①배심②심사위원


2730. practically ①사실상②실제로


2731. ①방사상으로 퍼져 나가다②빛을 발하다 (ra)diated


2732. spotlight 스포트라이트


2733. squeezed 수분을 짜다


2734. trembling ①떨림②전율하는


2735. ①따뜻함②온기 (wa)rmth


 


 

20수특 T2-3


2736. ①접근하다②접근법 (ap)proach


2737. campus ①캠퍼스②대학


2738. convinced ①확신하는②설득했다


2739. corridor 복도


2740. existing ①기존의②존재하는


2741. isolate ①분리하다②고립시키다


2742. ①앞다리를 버티어 딱 서다②받치다 (pr)opped


2743. ①주택②주거 (re)sidence


2744. uncertain ①불확실한②불투명한


 


 

20수특 T2-4


2745. ①말도 안되는②터무니없는 (ab)surd


2746. 받아들임 (ac)ceptance


2747. accomplishment ①성취②업적


2748. ①관계②소속 (af)filiations


2749. ①ally의 복수형②연합국 (al)lies


2750. ①기초②근거 (ba)sis


2751. ①속하다②ㅇㅇ의 것이다 (be)longing


2752. ①비판적인②중요한 (cr)itical


2753. 의존하다 (de)pend


2754. ①본질②정수 (es)sence


2755. ethnic ①민족의②혈통의


2756. forged ①노②괴철로


2757. ①자유②석방 (fr)eedom


2758. identification ①표시②동정


2759. ①동일함②본인임 (id)entities


2760. ①정체성②자신 (id)entity


2761. indeed ①정말로②사실은


2762. ①책임 있는②ㅇㅇ해야 할 (li)able


2763. racial ①인종의②민족의


2764. satisfying ①만족시키다②충족시키다


2765. ①확보하다②안전한 (se)cure


2766. ①위협당한②협박당한 (th)reatened


2767. ①무조건의②무제한의 (un)conditional


 


 

20수특 T2-5


2768. aesthetic 미학의


2769. ①분석론②해석학 (an)alytics


2770. capable ①가능성있는②능력있는


2771. ①능력②용량 (ca)pacity


2772. contextually 맥락과 관련하여


2773. ①크기 (di)mensions


2774. ①분야②영토 (do)mains


2775. ①지배하다②장악하다 (do)minate


2776. ①경제의②경기의 (ec)onomic


2777. efficient 효율적인


2778. ①내장된②뿌리박힌 (em)bedding


2779. ①인간성②인류 (hu)manities


2780. ①확인하다②알아보다 (id)entify


2781. ①설명적인②이야기 (na)rratives


2782. ①조직적②기관의 (or)ganizational


2783. 질적으로 (qu)alitatively


2784. 양적으로 (qu)antitatively


2785. ①관련있는②적절한 (re)levant


2786. significant ①중요한②상당한


2787. societal ①사회의②사회 활동의


2788. stakeholders 건 돈을 보관하는 사람


2789. sustainable 지속 가능한


2790. transformation ①전환②변화


2791. ①마침내②결국 (ul)timately


 


 

20수특 T2-6


2792. ①알고 있는②인식하는 (aw)are


2793. ceased ①그만두다②종지


2794. clarified ①정화된②맑아진


2795. commas ①콤마②콤마


2796. ①많이②상당히 (co)nsiderably


2797. ①만들다②건설하다 (co)nstruct


2798. 점감하는 (di)minishing


2799. ①틀림없이②의심할 여지 없이 (do)ubtless


2800. established ①설립하다②세우다


2801. firmly ①확고하게②강하게


2802. ①중단하다②개입 중단 (in)terrupts


2803. ①비본질적인②불필요한 (no)nessential


2804. notation ①표기법②악보법


2805. omitted ①빠뜨리다②안하고 넘어가다


2806. ①전임자②전에 있던 것 (pr)edecessors


2807. punctuation ①구두점②구두법


2808. tendency ①경향②추세


 


 

20수특 T2-7


2809. achieving ①성과를 올리다②성취하다


2810. ①적용②응용 (ap)plication


2811. bubble ①거품②기포


2812. carving ①조각②조각물


2813. ①복잡한②복합의 (co)mplex


2814. confronted ①직면하다②앞길을 가로막다


2815. converted ①전환하다②바꾸다


2816. decay ①부패②붕괴하다


2817. decline ①감소하다②거절하다


2818. ①ㅇㅇ의 경계선을 긋다②선으로 구획하다 (de)marcated


2819. ①구분②경계 획정 (de)marcation


2820. 효율적인 (ef)ficient


2821. entertainment ①오락②연예


2822. entirety ①완전한 상태②전부


2823. gleaming ①희미하게 빛나다②비치다


2824. hostile ①적대적인②호전적인


2825. insolvable ①녹지 않는②해결할 수 없는


2826. neglect ①무시②방치하다


2827. ①갱신②재개 (re)newal


2828. ①부족한②희귀한 (sc)arce


2829. securing ①안전한②안전하게 보관된


2830. seemingly ①겉보기에는②언뜻 보기에


2831. ①상②닮은 모습 (si)mulacrum


2832. 전략 (st)rategy


2833. 유혹하는 (te)mpting


2834. tourism ①관광②여행


 


 

20수특 T2-8


2835. academy ①아카데미②학술원


2836. ①쌓아 올리다②쌓이다 (ac)cumulated


2837. acquired ①얻다②습득하다


2838. adapted ①개조된②적합한


2839. administrator ①행정관②관리자


2840. enrolled ①등록하다②기록하다


2841. immense ①굉장한②막대한


2842. inclinations ①성향②의향


2843. proceeded ①나아가다②전진하다


2844. prominent ①유명한②두드러진


2845. remarried 재혼시키다


2846. ①조사하다②조사하다 (re)searches


 


 

20수특 T2-9


2847. ①부가적인②첨가물 (ad)ditives


2848. ①항생제②항균 (an)tibiotics


2849. ①평가②분석 (ev)aluation


2850. gender ①성별②성


2851. ①마음이 내키는②경향이 있는 (in)clined


2852. ①포인트②비율 (pe)rcentage


2853. ①농약②살충제 (pe)sticides


2854. preservatives ①보존하는②보존력이 있는


2855. ①분류하다②정렬하다 (so)rted


2856. wary ①조심하는②신중한


 


 

20수특 T2-10


2857. aisle ①통로②매장


2858. ①연간의②연례의 (an)nual


2859. ①배치하다②준비하다 (ar)range


2860. brief ①보고서②짧은


2861. 루미나리아 (lu)minaria


2862. registration ①등록②접수


2863. twinkling 반짝반짝 빛나는


2864. weighted ①무게를 지운②기운


 


 

20수특 T2-11


2865. ①조정되다②적응하다 (ad)just


2866. debit ①차변②차변 기입


2867. ①고용하다②채용하다 (hi)re


2868. ①삽입하다②넣다 (in)serted


2869. ①키패드②리모컨 (ke)ypad


2870. unlock ①열다②잠기지 않은


2871. wheel ①바퀴②자동차


 


 

20수특 T2-12


2872. ①성과를 올리다②성취하다 (ac)hieving


2873. admit ①인정하다②시인하다


2874. ①임명②약속 (ap)pointment


2875. ①저지르다②범하다 (co)mmit


2876. deliberately ①의도적으로②고의로


2877. economy ①경제②경기


2878. ①효율②능률 (ef)ficiency


2879. efficient 효율적인


2880. ①강제②폭행 (fo)rcing


2881. ①an idea or conclusion having general application②the process of formulating general concepts by abstracting common properties of instances (ge)neralisations


2882. intends ①예정하다②향하게 하다


2883. ①기자②언론인 (jo)urnalist


2884. obstacle ①장애②방해


2885. ploy ①상대의 콧대를 꺾는 책략②횡대에서 종대로 한다


2886. 정치가 (po)litician


2887. precisely ①정확히②정밀하게


2888. sector ①부문②분야


2889. vague ①모호한②애매한


2890. veil ①베일②가리다


 


 

20수특 T2-13


2891. ①혼합②혼합물 (bl)end


2892. continuum ①연속②연속체


2893. diluted ①희박해지다②묽어지다


2894. ①수립하다②제정하다 (es)tablishes


2895. ①단계②그러데이션 (gr)adation


2896. identity ①정체성②자신


2897. mixes ①섞다②혼합하다


2898. proportional ①균형 잡힌②비례하는


2899. retains ①유지하다②보유하다


 


 

20수특 T2-14


2900. ①아우라②전조 (au)ra


2901. ①구기②야구 (ba)llgame


2902. broadly ①광범위하게②거리낌없는


2903. checkout ①보다②확인하다


2904. ①명확한②분명한 (de)finite


2905. emotional 감정적인


2906. ①식료품②잡화류 (gr)ocery


2907. ①시사②힌트 (hi)nt


2908. ①존재②영향력 (pr)esence


2909. psychological ①심리학의②정신의


 


 

20수특 T2-15


2910. aimless ①목적 없는②목적이 없는


2911. continually ①계속해서②지속적으로


2912. function ①기능②역할


2913. ①독립적으로②자유롭게 (in)dependently


2914. ①관련되다②참여하다 (in)volve


2915. paradoxically ①역설적으로②역설적으로 말하면


2916. ①실용적인②실제적인 (pr)actical


2917. sensations ①감각②센세이션


2918. stocked ①주식②증권


2919. surroundings ①주위의②주변의


2920. unfamiliar ①낯선②익숙지 않은


 


 

20수특 T2-16


2921. barely ①거의 ㅇㅇ않다②겨우


2922. ①마감일②데드라인 (de)adline


2923. ①단체②동료 의식 (fe)llowship


2924. fondness ①자애②기호


2925. hardship ①고난②어려움


2926. recount ①이야기하다②묘사하다


 


 

20수특 T2-17


2927. ①공격하다②발작 (at)tack


2928. confuses ①불명확하게 하다②혼란시키다


2929. ①존재②현존 (ex)istence


2930. ①초식 동물②유제류 (he)rbivore


2931. ①무리②양치기 (he)rds


2932. ①부족②ㅇㅇ이 없다 (la)ck


2933. pursuers 추적자들


2934. ①영토②영역 (te)rritory


2935. ①둘레길②등산로 (tr)ail


2936. ①이동②이동하는 (tr)avelling


2937. ①둥②뎅 (tu)m


2938. 방해받지 않은 (un)disturbed


 


 

20수특 T2-18


2939. advent ①출현②도래


2940. burgeoning ①급증하는②급성장 하는


2941. consumer ①소비자②고객


2942. critical ①비판적인②중요한


2943. ①분포②분배 (di)stribution


2944. economic ①경제의②경기의


2945. economies ①할인 가격으로②경제적인


2946. increase ①증가하다②늘리다


2947. industrial ①산업의②공업의


2948. labor ①노동②근로


2949. manual ①안내책자②수동의


2950. manufacturing ①제조②생산


2951. packaging ①포장②짐꾸리기


2952. production ①생산②제작


2953. ①구매하다②구입하다 (pu)rchase


 


 

20수특 T2-19


2954. complex ①복잡한②복합의


2955. ①부족②부족액 (de)ficiencies


2956. ①부족②결함 (de)ficiency


2957. ①설명②해명 (ex)planation


2958. ①지우다②강요하다 (im)posed


2959. ①상호 작용②관계 (in)teraction


2960. ①부족②ㅇㅇ이 없다 (la)ck


2961. ①한정된②제한을 받은 (li)mited


2962. ①논리적인②타당한 (lo)gical


2963. ①제한②제한하는 것 (re)strictions


 


 

20수특 T2-20


2964. ①여유가 있다②할 수 있다 (af)ford


2965. ①양자택일②한쪽 (al)ternatives


2966. ①현금②돈 (ca)sh


2967. ①혐의②충전 (ch)arge


2968. consolidation ①합병②통합


2969. ①기업의②회사의 (co)rporate


2970. corporations ①기업②회사


2971. diversity ①다양성②상이


2972. ①경제의②경기의 (ec)onomic


2973. fees ①요금②축의금


2974. hefty ①크고 튼튼한②커서 움직이기 어려운


2975. increase ①증가하다②늘리다


2976. 개인의 (in)dividual


2977. interdependence 상호 의존


2978. maintain ①유지하다②계속하다


2979. providers ①제공자②사업자


2980. ①구매하다②구입하다 (pu)rchases


2981. ①공급하는 사람②원료 공급국 (su)ppliers


2982. ①번영하는②번성하는 (th)riving


2983. ①거래②트랜잭션 (tr)ansaction


2984. ①유례없는 일②독특함 (un)iqueness


 


 

20수특 T2-21


2985. applications ①적용②응용


2986. ①대기의②대기로 이루어진 (at)mospheric


2987. components ①성분②구성 요소


2988. compressed ①압축하다②습포


2989. cork ①코르크②마개


2990. ①전자기기②전자의 (el)ectronic


2991. ①가스의②기체의 (ga)seous


2992. industry ①산업②업계


2993. nitrogen 질소


2994. oxidation 산화


2995. ①생산②제작 (pr)oduction


2996. pumped 흥분한


2997. ①반응이 빠른②반작용을 나타내는 (re)active


2998. ①젠장②제기랄 (ro)tting


2999. storage ①저장②보관


3000. undesired 바라지 않은


 


 

20수특 T2-22


3001. ①수용력 한도까지의②최대한의 (ca)pacities


3002. ①능력②용량 (ca)pacity


3003. circulate ①돌다②유통되다


3004. cooperative 협력적인


3005. ①소문②험담 (go)ssip


3006. maintenance ①유지②관리


3007. ①최선의②가장 바람직한 (op)timal


3008. primate ①영장류②수석 주교


3009. sustain ①지속하다②부상을 입다


 


 

20수특 T2-23


3010. adaptive ①적응할 수 있는②적응하는


3011. ①양자택일②한쪽 (al)ternatives


3012. ①접근하다②접근법 (ap)proach


3013. assess ①평가②결정


3014. ①가정하다②생각하다 (as)sume


3015. conditional 조건부의


3016. ①확인된②승인된 (co)nfirming


3017. contextual ①문맥상의②전후 관계에서 본


3018. 의존하다 (de)pend


3019. enable 가능하게하다


3020. ①조사하다②검토하다 (ex)amine


3021. ①부탁②선호하다 (fa)vored


3022. ①행동하지 않음②부작위 (in)actions


3023. ①처음의②머릿글자로 된 (in)itial


3024. nontarget ①대상 외의②목표 외의


3025. ①결과②성과 (ou)tcomes


3026. outset ①착수②시작


3027. policies ①방침②정책


3028. ①정책②제도 (po)licy


3029. 불확실성 (un)certainty


3030. ①수확②항복 (yi)eld


 


 

20수특 T2-2425


3031. adopt ①채택하다②입양하다


3032. affect ①영향을 주다②작용하다


3033. ①가장한②꾸민 (as)sumed


3034. ①권위②권한 (au)thorities


3035. authority ①당국②권한


3036. ①이로운②유익한 (be)neficial


3037. compassionately ①연민으로②동정하여


3038. ①실시하다②수행하다 (co)nduct


3039. 의존하다 (de)pend


3040. ①지정하다②지명하다 (de)signate


3041. dilemma ①딜레마②어려운 문제


3042. empowered 권한을 주다


3043. ①애교있는②매력 있는 (en)gaging


3044. ①위하다②촉진하다 (fa)cilitate


3045. ①공식적인②정식의 (fo)rmal


3046. function ①기능②역할


3047. ①통치하다②지배하다 (go)verning


3048. individual 개인의


3049. informal ①비공식②비형식


3050. ①내재된②고유의 (in)herent


3051. legitimacy ①적법②정통


3052. ①동기②의도 (mo)tives


3053. precursors ①선구자②전조


3054. promote ①홍보하다②승진시키다


3055. regulatory ①규제의②조정력을 가진


3056. term ①용어②기간


3057. voluntarily ①자발적으로②자주 적으로


 


 

20수특 T2-2628


3058. beg ①구걸하다②부탁하다


3059. ①불필요한②쓸데없는 (ne)edless


3060. plead ①애원하다②호소하다


3061. ①보유하다②보호지역 (re)serves


3062. ①장관의②화려한 (sp)ectacular


3063. stake 지분


 


 

20수특 T3-1


3064. ①분석가②애널리스트 (an)alyst


3065. ①돌다②이동하다 (ci)rculated


3066. condoned ①용서하다②눈감아주다


3067. cooperation 협력


3068. ①기업②회사 (co)rporation


3069. ①충돌하다②추락하다 (cr)ashed


3070. ①지체장애②손상된 (cr)ippling


3071. departments ①부


3072. ①전문적 기술②전문 기술 (ex)pertise


3073. ①단단한②회사 (fi)rm


3074. hubs ①중심적인②허브


3075. ①부적당한②알맞지 않은 (in)appropriate


3076. ①인트라넷②내부 전산망 (in)tranet


3077. justify ①정당화하다②그럴만한


3078. overloaded ①초과 적재②과부하


3079. servers ①봉사자②서브하는 사람


3080. singular ①단수의②독특한


3081. ①특정한②구체적인 (sp)ecific


3082. temporarily ①일시적으로②임시로


3083. thematically 주제별로


3084. ①시각적으로②시각에 관하여 (vi)sually


 


 

20수특 T3-2


3085. applications ①적용②응용


3086. ①광범위하게②거리낌없는 (br)oadly


3087. ①양동이②버킷 (bu)cket


3088. confused ①혼란한②헛갈리는


3089. financial ①금융의②경제의


3090. handed ①손잡이가 있는②손이 있는


3091. joyfully ①기뻐서②기쁜 듯이


3092. ①엄중한②강경한 (st)ern


 


 

20수특 T3-3


3093. adaptation ①적응②각색


3094. ①영향을 주다②작용하다 (af)fect


3095. ①반대의②정반대의 (co)ntrary


3096. ①발달②발달한 상태 (de)velopments


3097. ①붕괴②파열 (di)sruptions


3098. ①완화하다②덜어주다 (ea)se


3099. economic ①경제의②경기의


3100. economy ①경제②경기


3101. endure ①견디다②지속하다


3102. ①세계화②국제화 (gl)obalization


3103. ①세계화하다②전 세계에 퍼뜨리다 (gl)obalized


3104. ①통합②포함 (in)clusion


3105. ①불평등②불균형 (in)equalities


3106. ①혁신②획기적인 (in)novation


3107. latter ①후자의②하반기의


3108. ①방침②정책 (po)licies


3109. processes ①처리하다②과정


3110. 사회 (so)cieties


3111. socio 사회의


3112. steer ①조종하다②돌리다


3113. 기술적인 (te)chnological


3114. ①전환②변화 (tr)ansformations


3115. transition ①변화②전환


3116. 불확실성 (un)certainty


3117. unfold ①펴다②펼치다


 


 

20수특 T3-4


3118. ①추가의②더 (ad)ditional


3119. combining ①결합시키다②합치다


3120. ①경쟁자②선수 (co)mpetitors


3121. ①대처하다②맞서다 (co)pied


3122. ①할인 가격으로②경제적인 (ec)onomies


3123. ①단단한②회사 (fi)rm


3124. ①해치다②손상하다 (ha)rmed


3125. ①모방하다②흉내내다 (im)itate


3126. ①모방②모조품 (im)itation


3127. ①산업의②공업의 (in)dustrial


3128. ①산업②경영자 (in)dustries


3129. ①산업②업계 (in)dustry


3130. ①혁신하다②쇄신하다 (in)novate


3131. innovation ①혁신②획기적인


3132. ①고립된②절연된 (is)olated


3133. ①지방화②국한 (lo)calization


3134. ①수정②변경 (mo)dification


3135. ①변경하다②변형하다 (mo)difying


3136. ①뿌려진②흩어져 있는 (sc)attered


 


 

20수특 T3-5


3137. badge ①배지②증표


3138. ①속하다②ㅇㅇ의 것이다 (be)longing


3139. ①갈등②분쟁 (co)nflict


3140. divisive ①구별하는②불화를 일으키는


3141. ①금속제 대형 쓰레기통②대형 쓰레기 상자 (du)mpster


3142. ①제정하다②입법하다 (en)act


3143. humorous ①우스운②유머러스한


3144. ①사건②부수적인 것 (in)cidents


3145. ①나타내다②가리키다 (in)dicate


3146. ①비공식②비형식 (in)formal


3147. initially ①처음에②당초에


3148. ①우스운②우스꽝스러운 (la)ughable


3149. membership 회원


3150. 다수의 (mu)ltiple


3151. ①조직적②기관의 (or)ganizational


3152. ①관점②시각 (pe)rspective


3153. ①이야기하다②묘사하다 (re)counting


3154. reframes ①다시 구성하다②틀을 다시 붙이다


3155. ①보강하다②늘리다 (re)inforces


3156. ①촉발시키다②스파크 (sp)ark


3157. ①보조적인②부차적인 (su)bservient


3158. ①통합하다②하나로 하다 (un)ifying


 


 

20수특 T3-6


3159. ①태도②자세 (at)titude


3160. ①베스트셀러②잘 팔리는 것 (be)stseller


3161. centre 중심


3162. conservative ①보수적인②보수주의자


3163. ①절실하게②필사적으로 (de)sperately


3164. ①경험에 의한②경험상의 (ex)periential


3165. extended ①확장하다②연장하다


3166. ①대화식의②쌍방향의 (in)teractive


3167. ①리그②연맹 (le)ague


3168. 중세의 (me)dieval


3169. ①통계량②통계 (st)atistic


3170. ultimate ①궁극적인②최종의


 


 

20수특 T3-7


3171. ①게다가②또한 (ad)ditionally


3172. congress ①의회②회의


3173. ①감소하다②거절하다 (de)clined


3174. ①적자②결손 (de)ficit


3175. ①경제②경기 (ec)onomy


3176. ①가난한②빈곤한 (ne)edy


3177. ①포인트②비율 (pe)rcentage


3178. priorities ①먼저임②우선하는 것


3179. ①우선시하다②우선순위 (pr)ioritize


3180. ①우선②중요 (pr)iority


3181. securing ①안전한②안전하게 보관된


3182. ①보안②안보 (se)curity


3183. strengthening ①강화하다②강하다


 


 

20수특 T3-10


3184. abusua ①학대하다②남용하다


3185. ancestors ①조상②선조


3186. asamando ①한 개인으로서②하나의 남자로서


3187. ①매장②묘소 (bu)rial


3188. ①의식②예의 (ce)remonies


3189. ①끝나게 하다②완결시키다 (cu)lminates


3190. ①사망한②죽은 (de)ceased


3191. distant ①먼②원격의


3192. ①분포된②광범위한 (di)stributed


3193. funeral ①장례의②상례


3194. ①어머니의②어머니다운 (ma)ternal


3195. matriclan ①귀족의②귀족


3196. ①기념하다②청원서를 제출하다 (me)morialize


3197. ①영안실②매장의 (mo)rtuary


3198. 회개자석 (mo)urners


3199. notify ①통보하다②알리다


 


 

20수특 T3-11


3200. 생물학자 (bi)ologist


3201. constant ①일정한②지속적인


3202. discards ①가진 패를 버리다②버리다


3203. immense ①굉장한②막대한


3204. ①들어오는②후임의 (in)coming


3205. ①수상자②월계관을 쓴 (la)ureate


3206. 분자의 (mo)lecular


3207. narrative ①설명적인②이야기


3208. organs ①오르간②기관


3209. ①처리하다②과정 (pr)ocesses


3210. ①드러내다②나타내다 (re)veals


3211. sensory ①감각의②지각의


3212. sequence ①서열②순서


3213. temporal ①시간의②관자놀이의


 


 

20수특 T3-12


3214. abound ①풍부하다②많이 있다


3215. anecdotes 일화


3216. claims ①주장하다②말하다


3217. ①깨끗이 되다②세척하다 (cl)eanses


3218. curse ①저주②욕설


3219. ①토론②논의 (de)bating


3220. 교육의 (ed)ucational


3221. entangled ①걸려든②말려든


3222. exaggeration ①과장②과장법


3223. grateful ①감사하는②고마운


3224. ①조작하다②조종하다 (ma)nipulate


3225. ①대량 투여②대량 투여하다 (me)gadosing


3226. ①항해자②조종자 (na)vigator


3227. ①유기적인②근본적인 (or)ganic


3228. preconceived ①선입관②선입견


3229. promoting ①홍보하다②승진시키다


3230. rare ①희귀한②드문


3231. seek ①추구하다②찾다


3232. vaccines ①두묘②백신


3233. valid ①유효한②타당한


 


 

20수특 T3-13


3234. ①관절염의②노화 의 (ar)thritic


3235. biography ①전기②자서전


3236. cash ①현금②돈


3237. ①파도가 일렁댐②고르지 못함 (ch)oppiness


3238. ①구부러져서②부정하게 (cr)ookedly


3239. ①죽음의 자리②임종 (de)athbed


3240. description ①기술②설명


3241. inability ①할 수 없음②무능력


3242. ①고집②지속 (pe)rsistence


3243. ①조르다②확신시키다 (pe)rsuading


3244. ①장기화하다②연장하다 (pr)olong


3245. remarked 언급하다


3246. ①소환하다②불러내다 (su)mmons


3247. youthfulness ①젊음②젊다는 것


 


 

20수특 T3-14


3248. ①구매자②바이어 (bu)yers


3249. comparison 비교


3250. considerable ①상당한②꽤


3251. ①소비자②고객 (co)nsumer


3252. ①편의②편리 (co)nvenience


3253. grocer 식료 잡화점


3254. ①구매하다②구입하다 (pu)rchasing


3255. restrained ①삼가는②자제된


3256. secure ①확보하다②안전한


3257. trusted 신뢰받고 있는


 


 

20수특 T3-15


3258. ①공격②공격성 (ag)gression


3259. ①평가②결정 (as)sess


3260. diverse ①다양한②여러 가지의


3261. ①지배하다②우뚝 솟다 (do)minated


3262. ①육성하다②증진하다 (fo)stered


3263. ①나타내다②가리키다 (in)dicated


3264. ①부족②ㅇㅇ이 없다 (la)ck


3265. nonpatient ①미불②미납


3266. promoting ①홍보하다②승진시키다


3267. ①심리학의②정신의 (ps)ychological


3268. questionnaire ①설문지②질문서


3269. ratings 등급 매기기


3270. ①축소②축도 (re)ductions


3271. restoration ①복원②복구


3272. ①강장제②복구의 (re)storative


3273. ①크게②현저히 (si)gnificantly


3274. sustained ①지속된②한결같은


3275. ①불이 밝혀져 있지 않은②점화되어 있지 않은 (un)blighted


3276. undistinguished 차이점이 없는


3277. vegetation ①초목②식물


 


 

20수특 T3-16


3278. anatomical ①해부의②해부학의


3279. ①해부학②해부 (an)atomy


3280. biographer 전기 작가


3281. 생물학 (bi)ology


3282. ①넓은②광 (br)oad


3283. ①제어②통제당한 (co)ntrolled


3284. credited ①신용②명성


3285. detailed ①세부②상세


3286. experimentation ①실험 작업②실험법


3287. ①예민한②예리한 (ke)en


3288. ①발광체②선각자 (lu)minary


3289. ①오르간②기관 (or)gans


3290. perceived ①인지하다②인식하다


3291. ①세련된②정제된 (re)fined


3292. ①표현②표상 (re)presentations


3293. scholastic ①학교의②학자의


3294. skeleton 골격


3295. wondrous ①놀라운②놀랍게


 


 

20수특 T3-17


3296. ①채택하다②입양하다 (ad)opted


3297. amalgamations ①결합②아말감법


3298. assumed ①가장한②꾸민


3299. ①전투②싸우다 (co)mbat


3300. ①우려②관한 (co)ncerns


3301. ①현대의②동시대의 (co)ntemporary


3302. divisions ①부②분단


3303. 정착물 (fi)xtures


3304. ①광대하게②몹시 (im)mensely


3305. ①중요하다②수입하다 (im)ported


3306. 유도 기술 (ju)jitsu


3307. ①현대화②근대화 (mo)dernization


3308. muay 태국의 전통 무술


3309. ①오락②취미 (pa)stime


3310. rattan ①등②그 줄기


3311. 무술 (si)lat


3312. ①동남②남동 (so)utheast


 


 

20수특 T3-18


3313. applications ①적용②응용


3314. ①공격자②공격 선수 (at)tackers


3315. ①비판적인②중요한 (cr)itical


3316. ①폭로②발각 (di)sclosure


3317. disrupt ①방해하다②피해를 주다


3318. ①효과적인②유효성 (ef)fectiveness


3319. ①건강 관리②건강 관리의 (he)althcare


3320. ①부적당한②알맞지 않은 (in)appropriate


3321. ①악성②악의 있는 (ma)licious


3322. ①남자들②사람들 (mh)n


3323. ①버릇없는 짓을 하다②부정을 저지르다 (mi)sbehave


3324. ①네트워크②망 (ne)twork


3325. 현상들 (ph)enomena


3326. preferences ①선호②좋아하기


3327. security ①보안②안보


3328. ①봉사자②서브하는 사람 (se)rvers


3329. ①변경하다②주무르다 (ta)mpered


3330. untrusted 옷을 벗은


3331. violate ①위반하다②침해하다


 


 

20수특 T3-19


3332. inefficient ①비능률적인②효과 없는


3333. ①설명적인②이야기 (na)rrative


3334. ①음모②줄거리 (pl)ot


3335. ①원시의②원초적인 (pr)imitive


3336. ①희박②섬세함 (su)btleties


3337. vogue 유행


 


 

20수특 T3-20


3338. ①반주하다②동행하다 (ac)companies


3339. atmospheric ①대기의②대기로 이루어진


3340. climatologist 기후학자


3341. cycle ①주기②순환


3342. ①사이클론②선풍 (cy)clones


3343. ①사이클론의②사이클론을 닮은 (cy)clonic


3344. ①미분②차등 (di)fferential


3345. ①분출②발생 (er)uption


3346. ①형성②대형 (fo)rmation


3347. notable ①주목할 만한②유명한


3348. ①통계의②통계상의 (st)atistical


3349. ①촉발②유발하다 (tr)igger


3350. ①화산의②화산 작용에 의한 (vo)lcanic


3351. volcanoes ①화산②금시라도 폭발할 듯한 감정


 


 

20수특 T3-21


3352. advised ①조언②권고


3353. ①밀랍②일 (be)eswax


3354. ①명령하다②사령부 (co)mmanded


3355. cunning ①교활한②노련한


3356. emerged ①떠오르다②드러나다


3357. forewarned ①경고하다②경고하다


3358. goddess 여신


3359. irresistible ①저항할 수 없는②억누를 수 없는


3360. ①마음을 끄는 것②미끼 (lu)red


3361. mariners ①선원②매리너


3362. 꽉 찬 (pa)cked


3363. peril ①위험②위기


3364. perish ①사라지다②죽다


3365. ①예언하다②예보하다 (pr)edicted


3366. sailed ①돛②항해


3367. ①굽히지 않는②두려워하지 않는 (un)daunted


3368. ①날개가 있는②빠른 (wi)nged


 


 

20수특 T3-22


3369. 접근 (ac)cess


3370. ①열렬한②열심인 (ar)benz


3371. ①유용성②유효성 (av)ailability


3372. ①등가 달린②뒷받침이 있는 (ba)cked


3373. commercial ①상업용의②상업적인


3374. compatible ①호환되는②조화하는


3375. concentration ①농축②집중


3376. ①양보②인정 (co)ncessions


3377. conducted ①실시하다②수행하다


3378. ①갈등②분쟁 (co)nflict


3379. considerable ①상당한②꽤


3380. demand ①요구하다②수요


3381. ①유래된②유도 (de)rived


3382. ①경제의②경기의 (ec)onomic


3383. ①ㅇㅇ하기 위해②보장하다 (en)sure


3384. 회사 (fi)rms


3385. ①형성②대형 (fo)rmation


3386. ①본부②본사 (he)adquarters


3387. ①인센티브②유인 (in)centives


3388. indirect 간접적인


3389. invest ①투자하다②투입하다


3390. jacobo 야코비


3391. 노동 (la)bour


3392. ①자리잡다②정착하다 (lo)cating


3393. multinational ①다국적 기업②다국적 의


3394. operations ①작용②작업 과정


3395. ①정책②제도 (po)licy


3396. ①정치의②정당의 (po)litical


3397. 제공하다 (pr)oviding


3398. quarrels ①말다툼②싸움의 원인


3399. ①결과②결의 (re)sulted


3400. revenue ①매출②수입


3401. ①추구하다②찾다 (se)ek


3402. undermining 약화시키다


 


 

20수특 T3-23


3403. basis ①기초②근거


3404. behavioral ①행동의②행동에 관한


3405. ①편견②치우침 (bi)as


3406. 돌보는 사람 (ca)regiver


3407. characteristic ①특성②독특한


3408. consequence ①결과②대가


3409. contribute ①기여하다②공헌하다


3410. ①차별②편견 (di)scrimination


3411. eventually ①결국②마침내


3412. exhibit ①전시②전시회


3413. grasping ①이해하다②잡다


3414. ①증가하다②늘리다 (in)crease


3415. individual 개인의


3416. ①유아의②초기의 (in)fant


3417. interact ①작용하다②교류하다


3418. ①선호②좋아하기 (pr)eference


3419. ①근접②가까움 (pr)oximity


3420. ①재귀의②반응하는 (re)flexive


3421. repertoire ①레퍼토리②상연 목록


3422. stimulus의 복수형 (st)imuli


 


 

20수특 T3-2425


3423. accuracy ①정확도②정확


3424. ①도전자②수하하는 사람 (ch)allenger


3425. explosion ①폭발②급증


3426. 플래시 전구 (fl)ashbulb


3427. humble ①겸손한②초라한


3428. iconic ①상징②대표적


3429. introductory ①소개의②서두의


3430. ①부족②ㅇㅇ이 없다 (la)ck


3431. mischief ①장난②악영향


3432. predict ①예측하다②전망하다


3433. ①설문지②질문서 (qu)estionnaire


3434. ①상기하다②기억하다 (re)call


3435. specific ①특정한②구체적인


3436. 선명함 (vi)vidness


 


 

20수특 T3-2628


3437. ①실수하다②머뭇머뭇 걷다 (bl)under


3438. bravery ①용기②용감


3439. ①선언된②선포 (de)clared


3440. disqualified ①자격을 잃은②실격이 된


3441. employer 고용주


3442. eventually ①결국②마침내


3443. exhaustion ①기진맥진②고갈


3444. ①특별한②뛰어난 (ex)traordinary


3445. ①공포에 휩싸인②충격을 받은 (ho)rrified


3446. ①착수②시작 (ou)tset


3447. pastry ①페이스트리②빵과자


3448. ①곤경②역경 (pl)ight


3449. 관중 (sp)ectators


3450. ①연속②계속 (st)reaked


 


 

[ANSWER]
1. candidate:①후보자②지원자
2. clients:고객
3. colleague:동료
4. department:①부②부서
5. deserves:①받을 만하다②가치가 있다
6. employee:직원
7. promote:①홍보하다②승진시키다
8. regret:①후회하다②유감
9. absence:①결석②부재
10. afford:①여유가 있다②할 수 있다


11. aware:①알고 있는②인식하는
12. carelessness:①부주의②경솔
13. disappointing:①실망시키다②낙담시키다
14. duties:①의무②임무
15. fulfill:①이루다②이행하다
16. hence:①그러므로②앞으로
17. irresponsible:①무책임한②책임감이 없는
18. unfortunate:①불행한②유감스러운
19. applications:①적용②응용
20. chemistry:①화학②궁합


21. coursework:①학습 과제②교과 학습
22. electrical:①전기의②전자의
23. fascinated:매료된
24. flexible:①유연한②신축성 있는
25. graphene:①서기소②영어 알파벳의 각 자모 등
26. honored:①명예로운②영광으로 생각하여
27. independent:①독립한②무소속의
28. introductory:①소개의②서두의
29. lab:①연구실②실험실
30. nanotechnology:①나노 기술②나노테크놀로지


31. term:①용어②기간
32. transparent:①투명한②속보이는
33. undergraduate:①대학의②학부의
34. utilized:①이용하다②활용하다
35. application:①적용②응용
36. applied:①적용된②응용의
37. approval:①승인②허가
38. approved:①승인된②통과된
39. deepest:①깊은②긴
40. gratitude:①감사②고마움


41. inform:알리다
42. insurance:①보험②보험금
43. patience:①인내②참을성
44. policy:①정책②제도
45. provider:①제공자②사업자
46. reference:①참고②기준
47. blizzard:①블리자드②눈보라
48. crouch:①숙이다②구부리다
49. foothills:히말라야 산맥의 구릉들
50. hillside:①언덕의 비탈②산허리


51. sagebrush:산쑥
52. slope:①경사②스키장
53. snowy:①눈 오는②눈 덮인
54. steep:①가파른②급격한
55. timbered:목재
56. upright:①똑바로②직립한
57. vegetated:①식물로 덮힌②식물을 심은
58. devastating:①큰 타격을 받은②황폐한
59. editing:①편집하다②교정하다
60. forehead:이마


61. intention:①의도②의사
62. promising:①유망한②촉망되는
63. quizzically:묻는 듯이
64. setback:①좌절②실패
65. shattered:①산산이 부서진②손상된
66. triumphed:①승리②승리감
67. attendants:①승무원②종업원
68. beeswax:①밀랍②일
69. circumstances:①상황②환경
70. collar:①칼라②목걸이


71. delight:①기쁘게 하다②기쁨
72. elegant:①우아한②훌륭한
73. garment:①의류②옷
74. inherit:①물려받다②유전되다
75. sensation:①감각②센세이션
76. smelt:①용해하다②냄새가 느껴졌다
77. softest:①조용히②쉿
78. thrilling:①스릴②흥분
79. unbrushed:솔질을 하지 않은
80. vastly:①광대하게②막대하게


81. adjust:①조정되다②적응하다
82. boundaries:①경계를 나타내는 것②경계
83. demonstrated:①논증하다②명시하다
84. minimized:①ㅇㅇ의 양을 최소 한도로 하다②최소 한도로 평가하다
85. perspective:①관점②시각
86. spiraled:①나사선 코스를 잡게 하다②나선꼴로 움직이다
87. supportive:①부양하는②지지하는
88. verbalize:언어로 나타내다
89. accomplishments:①성취②업적
90. legendary:①전설적인②유명한


91. letting:하게하다
92. scorebook:①득점 기입장②득점 기록부
93. spectacular:①장관의②화려한
94. admire:①존경하다②감탄하다
95. cattle:소
96. charm:①매력②매혹하다
97. deeds:①행위②행동
98. emotional:감정적인
99. eventually:①결국②마침내
100. heroic:①영웅의②숭고한


101. inspire:①영감을 주다②고무하다
102. intellect:①지성②지식인
103. irrational:①비이성적인②비합리적인
104. lonesome:①외로운②인적이 드문
105. lovers:①애인②사랑하는 남녀
106. qualities:①특성②성질
107. rangers:①배회자②삼림 경비관
108. rational:①합리적인②이성적인
109. rugged:①험악한②튼튼한
110. sabotage:①방해②파괴


111. sacrifice:①희생②제물
112. surviving:살아남아 있는
113. anthropologist:인류학자
114. cosmos:①우주②코스모스
115. distinguished:①구별하다②구분하다
116. theorize:①이론을 세우다②가설을 세우다
117. unfinished:①미완성의②마무리하지 않은
118. advertised:①광고하다②홍보하다
119. avail:①소용되다②쓸모있다
120. bounty:①박애②현상금


121. distinctly:①분명히②뚜렷하게
122. dozens:①12개②수십
123. fortunate:①운 좋은②다행인
124. indebted:①부채가 있는②은혜를 입은
125. laces:①레이스②끈
126. mindlessly:①조심성 없게②부주의하게
127. scuffed:문질러서 닳은
128. shoeshine:①구두닦기②닦은 구두의 표면
129. advent:①출현②도래
130. aircraft:①항공기②비행기


131. airline:①항공사②비행기
132. cockpit:①조종석②운전석
133. conducts:①실시하다②수행하다
134. delicate:①섬세한②민감한
135. deplanes:①비행기에서 내리다②비행기에서 내리게 하다
136. destinations:①목적지②관광지
137. distinctive:①독특한②특유의
138. germicides:①살균제②살균력 있는
139. insiders:①관계자②내부자
140. inspection:①검사②감사


141. knits:①뜨개질을 하다②니트
142. necessity:①필요성②필수품
143. outsiders:국외자를 믿지 않다
144. physicians:영국 의사회
145. procedure:①절차②과정
146. prolonged:①장기화하다②연장하다
147. rites:의식
148. scrub:①스크럽②문지르다
149. superficial:①피상적인②겉으로 드러나는
150. surgical:①외과의②수술의


151. symbolically:①상징적으로②기호로
152. takeoff:①이륙하다②벗기다
153. undeniable:①더할 나위 없는②부정하기 어려운
154. attitude:①태도②자세
155. besetting:①끊임없이 따라다니는②쉴 새 없이 엄습하는
156. contaminates:①더럽히다②못되게 하다
157. criticism:①비판②비난
158. criticizing:①비평하다②흠을 찾다
159. disapproval:①반대②비난
160. discourages:①희망을 잃게 하다②그만두게 하다


161. dissatisfaction:①불만②불평
162. dogged:①완고한②쉽사리 굽히지 않는
163. excessive:①과도한②지나친
164. misguided:①잘못 인도된②잘못 인식한
165. motivation:①동기 부여②욕구
166. offensive:①공격②모욕적인
167. paternal:①아버지 같은②아버지다운
168. provoking:①부아가 나는②성가신
169. resentment:①분노②적의
170. behaving:①행동하다②예의 바르게 행동하다


171. coated:①코트②칠하다
172. function:①기능②역할
173. predictable:①예언할 수 있는②새로운 게 없는
174. sort:①분류하다②정렬하다
175. appreciation:①이해②감사
176. centered:중심의
177. civic:①시민의②민간
178. context:①문맥②상황
179. convenience:①편의②편리
180. deprives:①박탈하다②빼앗다


181. individualism:개인주의
182. inherent:①내재된②고유의
183. interact:①작용하다②교류하다
184. involvement:①관련②개입
185. lack:①부족②ㅇㅇ이 없다
186. leadership:①리더십②지도력
187. mutes:①무언의②약음기
188. participation:①참여②참가
189. perception:①인식②지각
190. relativity:①상대성②상대성 원리


191. rotates:①회전하다②순환하다
192. undue:①과도한②심한
193. weakness:①약함②약점
194. acquire:①얻다②습득하다
195. conscious:①의식한②친화적
196. fuzzy:①보풀로 덮인②보풀 모양의
197. illogical:①비논리적인②조리가 닿지 않는
198. prevalence:①보급②유행
199. rigid:①경직된②엄격한
200. techniques:①기법②기술


201. assume:①가정하다②생각하다
202. conducted:①실시하다②수행하다
203. ensure:①ㅇㅇ하기 위해②보장하다
204. phrase:①말②구절
205. refers:언급하다
206. reliability:①신뢰성②신뢰도
207. reliably:①확실하게②의지할 수 있게
208. replicated:①반복되는②많은
209. significance:중요성
210. significant:①중요한②상당한


211. statistical:①통계의②통계상의
212. term:①용어②기간
213. unfortunate:①불행한②유감스러운
214. vocabulary:①어휘②단어
215. exist:①존재하다②있다
216. function:①기능②역할
217. groves:작은 숲
218. intend:①의도하다②계획하다
219. occupy:①점령하다②차지하다
220. perceive:①인지하다②인식하다


221. sacred:①신성한②성스러운
222. sanity:①온전한 정신②판단의 건전함
223. semiprivate:①소수용인②반사적인
224. survival:①생존②살아남기
225. wilderness:①황야②자연
226. beneficial:①이로운②유익한
227. encounters:①만나다②마주치다
228. examine:①조사하다②검토하다
229. prescribe:①처방하다②규정하다
230. promotion:①홍보②승진


231. realities:①현실②실물과 꼭 같음
232. remedies:①의약품②교정 수단
233. selected:①선택된②선발된
234. absorbing:①흡수하다②열중하다
235. acoustical:①청각의②소리의
236. aesthetically:①미적으로②심미적으로
237. avoided:①피하다②무효로 하다
238. beneath:①아래에②밑에
239. conditioners:조절 장치
240. considerations:①고려②배려


241. drafty:①외풍이 있는②통풍이 잘되는
242. draperies:마루까지 닿는 휘장
243. ducts:①도관으로 보내다②도관
244. instrument:①악기②도구
245. satisfactory:만족스러운
246. sprinkler:살수기
247. aggressiveness:①공격성②적극성
248. approach:①접근하다②접근법
249. assertiveness:단호한 태도
250. associated:①연관된②관계가 있는


251. circumstances:①상황②환경
252. confront:①직면하다②맞서다
253. fearful:①두려워하는②무서운
254. leadership:①리더십②지도력
255. optimistic:①낙관적인②긍정적인
256. outcomes:①결과②성과
257. perceptions:①인식②지각
258. persistence:①고집②지속
259. pessimism:①비관론②비관주의
260. powerless:①효과 없는②무효의


261. requirement:필요조건
262. retreat:①후퇴②물러서다
263. submissive:①순종하는②복종하는
264. theorists:이론가
265. attaining:①달성하다②이루다
266. distorted:①왜곡하다②뒤틀다
267. lottery:①복권②추첨
268. righteousness:①정직②고결
269. scarce:①부족한②희귀한
270. theology:①신학②신학 이론


271. advantage:①이점②우위
272. apocryphal:①저작자가 미심쩍은②가짜의
273. assured:①보증된②자신이 있는
274. calculations:①계산②측정
275. conducted:①실시하다②수행하다
276. conflict:①갈등②분쟁
277. consequences:①결과②대가
278. derived:①유래된②유도
279. digesting:①소화하다②먹다
280. economic:①경제의②경기의


281. intellectuals:①지적인②지성을 지닌
282. irrational:①비이성적인②비합리적인
283. pathology:①병상②병리학
284. politics:①정치②정계
285. profit:①이익②수익
286. rational:①합리적인②이성적인
287. accumulated:①쌓아 올리다②쌓이다
288. appliances:①가전제품②기기
289. assets:①자산②재산
290. contribute:①기여하다②공헌하다


291. drastically:①과감하게②철저히
292. economic:①경제의②경기의
293. elders:①노인②어른
294. entrepreneurial:기업가의
295. imperative:①필수의②반드시 ㅇㅇ해야 하는
296. investment:①투자②출자
297. percentage:①포인트②비율
298. purchases:①구매하다②구입하다
299. retire:①은퇴하다②퇴직하다
300. retiring:①은퇴의②퇴직의


301. workforce:①전 종업원②노동 인구
302. arrival:①도착②등장
303. attempt:①시도하다②노력
304. caretaker:①관리인②돌보는 사람
305. concern:①우려②관한
306. desperate:①필사적인②절실한
307. extinctions:①소멸②멸종
308. flightless:날지 못하는
309. impact:①영향②충격
310. individuals:개인들


311. invaded:①침입하다②쳐들어가다
312. isolating:①분리하다②고립시키다
313. keen:①예민한②예리한
314. naturalist:①박물학자②동물학자
315. occupied:①차지하다②끌다
316. predation:①약탈②포식
317. predator:①포식자②약탈자
318. remote:①원격의②외딴
319. resolution:①결의②해상도
320. stoats: 족제비


321. technique:①기법②기술
322. translocated:①ㅇㅇ의 장소를 옮기다②전류시키다
323. attitudes:①태도②자세
324. authoritatively:①위엄을 가지고②명령조로
325. constructive:건설적인
326. context:①문맥②상황
327. desires:①욕망을 가지다②바라다
328. eagerness:①열의②열망
329. enlist:①입대②요청
330. exemplify:①보여주다②예이다


331. foundation:①재단②기반
332. fulfilling:①이루다②이행하다
333. identities:①동일함②본인임
334. individual:개인의
335. purposeful:①목적 있는②의도를 가진
336. refusal:①거부②거절
337. signify:①의미하다②나타내다
338. supportive:①부양하는②지지하는
339. tolerant:①내성이 있는②관대한
340. urges:①충동②열망


341. validates:정당성을 입증하다
342. victimized:①손해를 주다②제물로서 죽이다
343. attentive:①주의 깊은②세심한
344. compromised:①타협하다②절충하다
345. considerations:①고려②배려
346. contribute:①기여하다②공헌하다
347. household:①가구②가정의
348. involved:①관련된②관여하는
349. joint:①공동의②관절
350. maintain:①유지하다②계속하다


351. managing:①관리②간부
352. manger:①여물통②구유
353. negotiate:①협상하다②협의하다
354. preferences:①선호②좋아하기
355. academy:①아카데미②학술원
356. appreciation:①이해②감사
357. diploma:①졸업장②학위
358. homeland:①조국②고향
359. illustrated:①설명하다②묘사하다
360. illustrating:①설명하다②묘사하다


361. increase:①증가하다②늘리다
362. pacifist:①평화주의자②반전론자
363. stance:①입장②자세
364. subsequently:①뒤에②다음에
365. trade:①무역②거래
366. attempting:①시도하다②노력
367. belly:①배②부풀다
368. blending:①혼합②혼합물
369. breed:①품종②육성
370. cottontail:솜꼬리토끼


371. derived:①유래된②유도
372. dig:①파다②발굴하다
373. disused:①사용되지 않는②폐지된
374. dug:①dig의 과거 과거 분사형②젖꼭지
375. establish:①설립하다②세우다
376. hierarchies:①계층제②성직 위계제
377. mates:①짝②배우자
378. outrun:①ㅇㅇ보다 멀리 달리다②앞지르다
379. predators:①포식자②약탈자
380. pursuers:추적자들


381. restricted:①제한된②한정된
382. rounded:①둥글게 된②완성된
383. shallow:①얕은②얄팍한
384. surroundings:①주위의②주변의
385. underside:①이면②밑바닥
386. zigzag:①지그재그로 하다②지그재그로
387. acre:①에이커②많은
388. aesthetics:①미학②미적 감각
389. appreciation:①이해②감사
390. bigelow:아카시아나무


391. correlation:①상호 관계②상관 관계
392. dabbled:①튀기다②첨벙 처넣다
393. encounter:①만나다②마주치다
394. estate:①재산②소유권
395. extensive:①광범위한②대규모의
396. formal:①공식적인②정식의
397. fostered:①육성하다②증진하다
398. interval:①간격②구간
399. profoundly:①깊은 곳에서②절실히
400. resided:①거주하다②존재하다


401. schooled:①가르치다②교육하다
402. summed:합계하다
403. concentration:①농축②집중
404. distributing:①분배하는②배급하는
405. industry:①산업②업계
406. mechanism:①메커니즘②장치
407. patent:①특허②보호
408. productivity:①생산성②생산력
409. settled:①안정된②정착한
410. tacks:①대가리가 납작한 못②시침질


411. beam:①빔②광선
412. brilliance:①광휘②광채
413. educating:①교양 있는②교육을 받은
414. forgotten:잊혀진
415. impact:①영향②충격
416. imprisonment:①투옥②감금
417. incandescent:①백열의②고온에 의해 생기는
418. injustice:①부정②부당
419. lightening:①밝아지다②번쩍 빛나다
420. prejudicing:①편견②침해


421. privileged:①특권의②혜택
422. racial:①인종의②민족의
423. relativity:①상대성②상대성 원리
424. spark:①촉발시키다②스파크
425. transform:①바꾸어 놓다②변화시키다
426. absorbed:①흡수하다②열중하다
427. alienation:①소외②양도
428. americanized:①미국식으로 하다②미국화하다
429. appeal:①호소②매력
430. approximately:①약ㅇㅇ②ㅇㅇ여


431. commercial:①상업용의②상업적인
432. consequently:①결과적으로②그에 따른
433. declared:①선언된②선포
434. eclectic:①절충적인②다양한
435. freedom:①자유②석방
436. heartfelt:①진심어린②진정어린
437. homegrown:①자기 집에서 기른②당지 산의
438. identity:①정체성②자신
439. industry:①산업②업계
440. instrumental:①주된 역할을 하는②기악


441. minstrel:①음유 시인②시인
442. offshoot:①분지②나뭇가지
443. oral:①입의②구두의
444. sacred:①신성한②성스러운
445. selections:①선택②선발
446. symbolic:상징적인
447. tunes:①조율하다②맞추다
448. unmistakable:①명백한②틀릴 여지가 없는
449. versions:①버전②판
450. accomplish:①성취하다②이루어 내다


451. busyness:①분주함②다망
452. determines:①결정하다②결심하다
453. equal:①평등한②동등한
454. mindlessly:①조심성 없게②부주의하게
455. prioritize:①우선시하다②우선순위
456. prioritizing:①우선 순위를 매기다②중요한 것부터 들다
457. productivity:①생산성②생산력
458. scroll:①스크롤②두루마리
459. unconscious:①무의식의②의식을 잃은
460. access:접근


461. brilliant:①훌륭한②뛰어난
462. conceived:①마음에 품다②상상하다
463. employs:고용하다
464. essence:①본질②정수
465. established:①설립하다②세우다
466. hence:①그러므로②앞으로
467. imitation:①모방②모조품
468. indicate:①나타내다②가리키다
469. ingenium:①재능②재능 있는 사람
470. inspiration:①영감②자극


471. intuition:①직관적 통찰②직감
472. methodically:①질서 있게②조직적으로
473. precepts:①가르침②지시
474. productivity:①생산성②생산력
475. scientifically:과학적으로
476. significance:중요성
477. term:①용어②기간
478. traced:①자취②자취
479. attempts:①시도하다②노력
480. claiming:①주장하다②말하다


481. commonplace:①흔한②다반사
482. contestants:①경쟁자②논쟁자
483. diet:식단
484. factors:①요소②인수
485. fads:①페이딩②쇠퇴
486. impatience:①성급함②안달
487. implies:①뜻을 함축하다②암시하다
488. trim:①잘라내다②다듬다
489. waistline:①허리의 선②허리 둘레
490. accuracy:①정확도②정확


491. anonymously:①익명으로②특색 없이
492. clip:①동영상②클립
493. predict:①예측하다②전망하다
494. psychological:①심리학의②정신의
495. revealed:①드러내다②나타내다
496. alien:①외계인②외국인
497. alternatives:①양자택일②한쪽
498. assigned:①부여하다②할당하다
499. consequences:①결과②대가
500. countless:①많은②셀 수 없는


501. cultivate:①재배하다②양성하다
502. empathize:①감정 이입을 하다②공감하다
503. encounter:①만나다②마주치다
504. engaged:①통화 중인②바쁜
505. enliven:①활기띠게 하다②약동하게 하다
506. envision:①상상하다②마음에 그리다
507. fantasy:①공상②몽상
508. flexibility:①융통성②구부리기 쉬움
509. interacting:①작용하다②교류하다
510. minimally:최소한으로


511. multiple:다수의
512. narrative:①설명적인②이야기
513. utilizing:①이용하다②활용하다
514. advertiser:①광고자②광고인
515. afford:①여유가 있다②할 수 있다
516. appliance:①가전제품②기기
517. comparisons:비교
518. concern:①우려②관한
519. consumer:①소비자②고객
520. copywriter:①광고 문안가②원고를 쓰는 사람


521. crafted:①공예②만들다
522. dishwashing:①접시 씻기②접시 씻는
523. flipping:①앗
524. granted:①부여하다②주다
525. housekeeping:①살림②안내
526. pang:①격통②양심의 가책
527. persuasion:①설득②신앙
528. purchase:①구매하다②구입하다
529. alternatives:①양자택일②한쪽
530. automatically:①자동적으로②자연히


531. cohesive:①점착성이 있는②응집력이 있는
532. consensus:①합의②의견
533. consideration:①고려②배려
534. contrary:①반대의②정반대의
535. deviate:①벗어나다②빗나가다
536. discord:①불화②불일치
537. effectiveness:①효과적인②유효성
538. enormous:①엄청난②거대한
539. established:①설립하다②세우다
540. exclusion:①배제②제외


541. panels:①틀②천장널
542. politically:①정치적으로②정략적으로
543. psychologist:①심리학자②정신과 의사
544. rejected:①거절하다②버리다
545. relevance:①관련②관련성
546. ridiculed:①비웃다②조롱하다
547. stature:①신장②키
548. urge:①촉구하다②요구하다
549. backdrop:①배경막②배경막을 달다
550. barely:①거의 ㅇㅇ않다②겨우


551. billowing:①파도치게 하다②큰 파도
552. blooded:①혈액②피
553. chirping:①찍찍②찍찍 울다
554. constant:①일정한②지속적인
555. decent:①제대로 된②품위있는
556. frequency:①주파수②빈도
557. grasses:①풀②볏과의 식물
558. grasshoppers:메뚜기가 뛰다
559. habitat:①서식지②생태
560. herbs:①풀②초본류


561. orchestral:오케스트라의
562. regulate:①규제하다②조절하다
563. soundscape:①소리의 퍼짐②음향의 세계
564. squeak:찍찍거리다
565. threshold:①기준점②입구
566. vibrations:진동을 일으키다
567. attitudes:①태도②자세
568. bonuses:①ㅇㅇ에게 보너스를 주다②특별 수당
569. cadres:①기간 요원②간부단의 일원
570. conformity:①일치②적합


571. corporate:①기업의②회사의
572. corporation:①기업②회사
573. defined:정의된
574. dictated:①②구술하다
575. duties:①의무②임무
576. earnest:①진지한②성실한
577. irresistible:①저항할 수 없는②억누를 수 없는
578. keyed:①건이 있는②조절한
579. promotion:①홍보②승진
580. rebellion:①반란②반항


581. secure:①확보하다②안전한
582. stockholders:주주명부
583. sweep:쓸다
584. admit:①인정하다②시인하다
585. attempted:①시도하다②노력
586. forgotten:잊혀진
587. imitate:①모방하다②흉내내다
588. mathematical:①수학의②수리적인
589. precise:①정밀한②정확한
590. prejudice:①편견②선입관


591. primarily:①주로②우선
592. profound:①심오한②깊은
593. quantification:①정량화②수량화
594. quantified:①ㅇㅇ의 분량을 정하다②양을 명시하다
595. quantify:①정량화하다②양을 재다
596. rationally:①이성적으로②합리적으로
597. techniques:①기법②기술
598. apparent:①분명한②명백한
599. assumptions:①가정②추측
600. bounded:①경계가 있는②구획된


601. commonsense:①상식②흔히 볼 수 있는
602. consists:①이루어지다②구성되다
603. define:①정의하다②말한다
604. disappearance:①사라짐②소멸
605. eliminating:①제거하다②실격시키다
606. evaluated:①평가하다②수치를 구하다
607. exotic:①이국적인②이국풍의
608. extent:①정도②범위
609. fundamental:①기본적인②근본적인
610. heterodoxy:①이단②비정통


611. illustration:삽화
612. minded:①ㅇㅇ한 마음을 가진②ㅇㅇ에 흥미가 있는
613. morality:도덕성
614. observation:①관찰②관측
615. orthodoxy:①정통파적 신념②정교적 신앙
616. perceptible:①지각할 수 있는②지각할 수 있을 만큼의
617. seek:①추구하다②찾다
618. span:①걸치다②기간
619. stock:①주식②증권
620. timber:목재


621. universal:①보편적인②전 세계의
622. whooping:①환성을 지르며 말하다②와
623. accurately:①정확하게②그대로
624. attain:①달성하다②이루다
625. basically:기본적으로
626. conception:①개념②계획
627. differ:①다르다②차이
628. hardwired:배선에 의한
629. individuals:개인들
630. inherit:①물려받다②유전되다


631. innate:①타고난②선천적인
632. limited:①한정된②제한을 받은
633. minimally:최소한으로
634. musicality:①음악성②음악에의 재능
635. orators:①연설자②대표 연설자
636. participation:①참여②참가
637. societies:사회
638. allies:①ally의 복수형②연합국
639. arguably:①아마 틀림없이②논증할 수 있는 일이지만
640. crises:①위기②위기 일발의 장면


641. determined:①결정된②결심한
642. disturbing:방해하다
643. essay:①수필②논문
644. established:①설립하다②세우다
645. examined:①검사하다②시험하다
646. intriguingly:흥미롭게도
647. outcome:①결과②성과
648. resolved:①결심한②결심이 굳은
649. tensions:①팽팽하게 치기②긴장
650. trigger:①촉발②유발하다


651. afterlife:①내세②사후의 생명
652. burial:①매장②묘소
653. deceased:①사망한②죽은
654. dehydrate:①탈수시키다②건조시키다
655. dug:①dig의 과거 과거 분사형②젖꼭지
656. elaborate:정교하게하다
657. era:①시대②시절
658. foetal:①태아의②태아의 상태의
659. fundamental:①기본적인②근본적인
660. gradual:①점진적인②조금씩


661. lifelike:①실물과 똑같은②살아 있는 듯한
662. mummification:미라화
663. practised:연습하다
664. preferences:①선호②좋아하기
665. preservation:①보존②보전
666. readiness:①준비②신속
667. rebirth:①갱생②부활
668. retained:①유지하다②보유하다
669. sophisticated:①정교한②복잡한
670. underworld:①하층 사회②악의 세계


671. businessman:①사업가②기업인
672. deprived:①박탈하다②빼앗다
673. depriving:①박탈하다②빼앗다
674. enmity:①적의②증오
675. obsessed:①빠져있는②집착
676. steer:①조종하다②돌리다
677. appreciatively:①고마워서②감탄하여
678. artful:①교활한②교묘한
679. blend:①혼합②혼합물
680. masterpiece:①걸작②명작


681. noticeable:①눈에 띄는②주목할 만한
682. recognised:인정하다
683. rightful:①합법적인②적법의
684. sector:①부문②분야
685. simplicity:①단순②간단
686. suspected:의심이 가는
687. vanished:①사라지다②자취를 감추다
688. buggy:①유모차②사륜차
689. instincts:①본능②타고난 재능
690. miser:①구두쇠②수전노


691. motored:①모터②자동차
692. occasion:①경우②때
693. trotted:①속보로 달리다②빠른 걸음으로 가다
694. affairs:①문제②일
695. backed:①등가 달린②뒷받침이 있는
696. claim:①주장하다②말하다
697. domestic:①국내의②내수
698. exert:①영향을 미치다②행사하다
699. insightful:①통찰력 있는②영감있는
700. marked:①표시하다②두드러진


701. monarch:①군주②거물
702. mustn:must not의 단축형
703. policy:①정책②제도
704. resign:①사임②사퇴
705. threatened:①위협당한②협박당한
706. vomiting:①구토②토하기
707. accessibility:접근하기 쉬움
708. accessible:접근할 수 있는
709. activated:①활성화된②술취한
710. applied:①적용된②응용의


711. charisma:①비범한 통솔력②남을 끌어당기는 강한 개성
712. chronically:만성적으로
713. context:①문맥②상황
714. determined:①결정된②결심한
715. differ:①다르다②차이
716. encountered:①만나다②마주치다
717. entertainment:①오락②연예
718. evaluating:①평가하다②수치를 구하다
719. evaluator:①평가자②평가하는 사람
720. heightened:①높게 하다②증가시키다


721. illustrate:①설명하다②묘사하다
722. involved:①관련된②관여하는
723. likelihood:①가능성②기회
724. persuasive:①설득력 있는②설득적인
725. schema:①개요②선험적 도식
726. stimulus:①자극②부양책
727. additionally:①게다가②또한
728. attend:①참석하다②다니다
729. convincingly:납득이 가도록
730. elaborated:정교하게하다


731. existence:①존재②현존
732. gregarious:①사교적인②무리의
733. instinct:①본능②직감
734. isolated:①고립된②절연된
735. labeling:이름 붙이기
736. motives:①동기②의도
737. proportion:①비율②비례
738. tautology:①동의어 반복②같은 말의 반복
739. aroused:흥분한
740. attempting:①시도하다②노력


741. calmness:①고요②평온
742. colleague:동료
743. convinced:①확신하는②설득했다
744. distractions:①주의 산만②혼란
745. languid:①나른한②노곤한
746. napping:①잠시 졸다②선잠
747. orchestrated:①편곡된②편성된
748. prolifically:①다산하여②다작하여
749. punctuated:①강조하다②구두점을 찍다
750. sipping:홀짝홀짝 마시다


751. slots:①시간대②자리
752. stillness:①부동②정적
753. unstructured:체계적으로 조직되어 있지 않은
754. authoritatively:①위엄을 가지고②명령조로
755. charge:①혐의②충전
756. collectively:①전체적으로②일괄하여
757. consciousness:①의식②인식
758. entail:①수반하다②필요로 하다
759. impose:①부과하다②제한하다
760. improvements:①개선②향상


761. individuals:개인들
762. inhabitants:①주민②사람
763. macrocosmic:①대우주의②전체계의
764. meaningful:①의미 있는②의미심장한
765. microcosmic:①소우주의②소세계의
766. resolve:①해결하다②결심하다
767. anonymous:①익명의②이름을 밝히지 않은
768. collective:①집단적인②공동의
769. combining:①결합시키다②합치다
770. comprises:①ㅇㅇ로 이뤄지다②구성하다


771. conform:①순응하다②따르다
772. consensus:①합의②의견
773. consulted:①조언을 청하다②참고하다
774. feedback:①피드백②반응
775. gauge:①측정하다②척도
776. modify:①변경하다②변형하다
777. mythology:①신화②신화학
778. project:계획
779. proven:①증명된②입증된
780. refers:언급하다


781. respondent:①응하는②응답자
782. significant:①중요한②상당한
783. structured:①구조화 된②구조가 있는
784. summarized:①요약하다②요점을 이루다
785. technique:①기법②기술
786. term:①용어②기간
787. waging:①임금②보답
788. admitted:①인정된②시인
789. architecture:①건축②설계
790. bias:①편견②치우침


791. generation:①세대②시대
792. hence:①그러므로②앞으로
793. innate:①타고난②선천적인
794. perspective:①관점②시각
795. racial:①인종의②민족의
796. sociological:①사회 조직의②사회의
797. sociology:①사회과학②사회학
798. structure:①구조②구성하다
799. undergraduates:①대학의②학부의
800. elaboration:①정교②상세화


801. fantasy:①공상②몽상
802. formation:①형성②대형
803. impersonal:①비인간적인②냉담한
804. manifestations:①명시②시위
805. mythological:①신화학의②신화의
806. mythology:①신화②신화학
807. origin:①기원②원산
808. personifications:①의인화②화신
809. personifying:①의인화하다②인간화하다
810. phenomena:현상들


811. predominance:①우월②우위
812. respective:①각각의②각자의
813. surroundings:①주위의②주변의
814. thunderstorms:심한 뇌우
815. veneration:①존경②숭배
816. advertisers:①광고자②광고인
817. airwaves:방송
818. alternative:①대안②대체
819. broader:①폭이 넓은②광대한
820. civic:①시민의②민간


821. concentration:①농축②집중
822. conglomerates:①집합②복합 기업
823. corporate:①기업의②회사의
824. corporations:①기업②회사
825. democracy:①민주주의②민주적
826. diverse:①다양한②여러 가지의
827. exist:①존재하다②있다
828. functioning:①기능②의식
829. independent:①독립한②무소속의
830. integral:①완전한②필수의


831. legitimately:합법적으로
832. maintain:①유지하다②계속하다
833. networks:①네트워크②망
834. noncommercial:①비상업적인②상업적으로 중요하지 않은
835. participation:①참여②참가
836. political:①정치의②정당의
837. politicians:정치가
838. reclaim:①교정하다②개선하다
839. transnational:①다국적 기업의②다국적의
840. agoraphobia:①광장 공포②광장 공포증


841. conducted:①실시하다②수행하다
842. confined:①국한②제한된
843. considerable:①상당한②꽤
844. curl:곱슬곱슬하다
845. deprived:①박탈하다②빼앗다
846. determine:①결정하다②밝히다
847. disposed:①경향이 있는②마음이 나는
848. rehabilitate:①명예를 회복시키다②사회로 복귀시키다
849. terrified:①무서워하는②오싹한
850. cognitive:①인식의②인지의


851. context:①문맥②상황
852. cyclical:순환하는
853. established:①설립하다②세우다
854. forgotten:잊혀진
855. fundamentally:①근본적으로②기본적으로
856. indefinitely:①무기한으로②무한정
857. inherently:①본질적으로②생득적으로
858. renewed:①새롭게 한②회복된
859. spans:①걸치다②기간
860. technological:기술적인


861. timeless:①시간을 초월한②무한한
862. underlying:①기초를 이루는②근원적인
863. agnostic:①관대한②열려있는
864. appliance:①가전제품②기기
865. deems:①간주하다②생각하다
866. demand:①요구하다②수요
867. fabrication:①제작②제조
868. facility:①시설②설비
869. fundamentally:①근본적으로②기본적으로
870. independent:①독립한②무소속의


871. manufacturing:①제조②생산
872. occurred:발생하다
873. offshore:①앞바다의②앞바다에서
874. precisely:①정확히②정밀하게
875. production:①생산②제작
876. reshored:①복원하다②회복하다
877. supplier:①공급하는 사람②원료 공급국
878. term:①용어②기간
879. approve:①승인하다②허가하다
880. assigned:①부여하다②할당하다


881. colleagues:동료
882. demand:①요구하다②수요
883. depend:의존하다
884. essay:①수필②논문
885. esteem:①존중하다②평가하다
886. excluded:①제외하다②배제하다
887. extent:①정도②범위
888. indicate:①나타내다②가리키다
889. involved:①관련된②관여하는
890. momentary:순간의


891. participant:①참가자②참여자
892. preferences:①선호②좋아하기
893. colleagues:동료
894. communicator:①전달자②발신기
895. impact:①영향②충격
896. inquiry:①조사②문의
897. intensely:①격렬히②강렬하게
898. isolated:①고립된②절연된
899. lab:①연구실②실험실
900. loners:①남과 사귀지 않는 사람②혼자 행동하는 사람


901. portray:①묘사하다②연기하다
902. seminars:①세미나②연구집회
903. undergraduate:①대학의②학부의
904. vetted:①진료하다②심사하다
905. adolescence:①청소년기②사춘기
906. advancing:①전진하는②발달의
907. antibodies:①항체②항독소
908. attack:①공격하다②발작
909. autoimmune:자기 면역의
910. decline:①감소하다②거절하다


911. defective:①결함있는②불량품
912. defense:①국방②방어
913. eventually:①결국②마침내
914. function:①기능②역할
915. hostile:①적대적인②호전적인
916. immune:①면역의②면제된
917. incidence:①발생률②발생
918. integrity:①진실성②도덕성
919. invaders:①침입자②침략국
920. tissues:①조직②화장지


921. vulnerability:①약점이 있음②공격당하기 쉬움
922. weakening:①약화시키다②약해지다
923. approximation:①접근②근사
924. concerning:관한
925. emotional:감정적인
926. intention:①의도②의사
927. involving:관련하는
928. isolated:①고립된②절연된
929. patron:①후원자②고객
930. perceptions:①인식②지각


931. acceptable:받아들일만한
932. access:접근
933. consumption:①소비②소비량
934. costly:①값이 비싼②사치스러운
935. dined:①ㅇㅇ과 정찬을 들다②ㅇㅇ에게 정찬을 대접하다
936. granted:①부여하다②주다
937. hierarchy:①계급 제도②계층제
938. inferiors:①열등한②질이 떨어지는
939. medieval:중세의
940. nobility:①귀족②고귀함


941. positioned:①두다②ㅇㅇ의 위치를 정하다
942. privileges:①특권을 주다②면제하다
943. referring:언급하다
944. reflected:①반사하다②보여주다
945. rigid:①경직된②엄격한
946. royalty:①로열티②왕정
947. atoms:①원자②원자력
948. copper:①구리②동전
949. hunk:①큰 덩어리②자기 진지
950. impact:①영향②충격


951. infinite:①무한한②끝없는
952. molecules:분자
953. apparently:①분명히②명백히
954. constraint:①제약②조건
955. controlled:①제어②통제당한
956. decline:①감소하다②거절하다
957. dyslexia:①난독증②독서 장애
958. enable:가능하게하다
959. healed:①치유되다②치료하다
960. impairment:①해침②손상


961. induced:①유발하다②유도하다
962. limb:①팔다리②의족
963. plasticity:①가소성②유연성
964. restrained:①삼가는②자제된
965. technique:①기법②기술
966. aesthetic:미학의
967. apparent:①분명한②명백한
968. aspect:①양상②측면
969. conversion:①전환②변화
970. dense:①밀집한②고밀도의


971. emphasize:①강조하다②힘주어 말하다
972. impact:①영향②충격
973. inductive:①유도의②귀납의
974. ratios:비율
975. receiver:①수신기②수신자
976. sequencing:①배열②순서
977. squeezing:수분을 짜다
978. attractive:①매력적인②매혹적인
979. carriageway:①차도②자동차 도로
980. centre:중심


981. crossings:횡단보도
982. discourage:①낙담시키다②단념시키다
983. edges:①가장자리②끝
984. extend:①확장하다②연장하다
985. fatal:①치명적인②죽음에 이르는
986. interchanges:①주고받다②교환하다
987. junctions:①접합②연락점
988. landscaping:조경
989. permitted:①허용하다②인가
990. proximity:①근접②가까움


991. resultant:결과로서 생기는
992. revegetation:식물을 다시 자라게 함
993. roadside:①길가②노변
994. roundabouts:①멀리 도는②자락을 평평하게 자른
995. selected:①선택된②선발된
996. techniques:①기법②기술
997. vegetative:①식물의②식물 인간의
998. verges:①가장자리②경계
999. visibility:①눈에 보임②가시성
1000. widened:①넓히다②넓어지다


1001. wildlife:야생의
1002. accuracy:①정확도②정확
1003. adequately:①적절히②충분히
1004. astonishing:①놀라운②놀라게 하다
1005. cacophony:①불협화음②소음
1006. constantly:①끊임없이②계속
1007. definable:①한정할 수 있는②설명할 수 있는
1008. diverse:①다양한②여러 가지의
1009. drowned:①익사하다②물에 빠지다
1010. focuses:①초점에 모이다②주의를 집중하다


1011. genuine:①진실된②진짜의
1012. habitat:①서식지②생태
1013. precisely:①정확히②정밀하게
1014. rivals:①경쟁하는②경쟁자
1015. slot:①시간대②자리
1016. solstice:①동지②하지
1017. specific:①특정한②구체적인
1018. auditory:①귀의②청각의
1019. commercial:①상업용의②상업적인
1020. compressed:①압축하다②습포


1021. compression:①압축②응축
1022. conducted:①실시하다②수행하다
1023. contexts:①문맥②상황
1024. countless:①많은②셀 수 없는
1025. elicited:①이끌어 내다②끌어내다
1026. frequency:①주파수②빈도
1027. increase:①증가하다②늘리다
1028. intensity:①강도②강렬함
1029. involves:관련시키다
1030. premise:①전제②건물


1031. recall:①상기하다②기억하다
1032. reference:①참고②기준
1033. solely:①오로지②오직
1034. technique:①기법②기술
1035. variable:①변화하는②변수
1036. vowel:모음
1037. applied:①적용된②응용의
1038. compounds:화합물
1039. concentration:①농축②집중
1040. conditioned:①조건부의②조절된


1041. constituents:구성 요소들
1042. contaminated:①오염된②방사성 물질에 오염된
1043. disposal:①처리②처분
1044. disposed:①경향이 있는②마음이 나는
1045. extraction:①뽑아냄②추출
1046. hence:①그러므로②앞으로
1047. immobilized:①움직이지 않게 하다②고정시키다
1048. industry:①산업②업계
1049. inherent:①내재된②고유의
1050. mineral:①광물②무기질


1051. presumes:①추정하다②전제로 하다
1052. radiation:①방사②복사
1053. radioactive:①방사성②방사능
1054. radionuclides:무담체 방사성핵종
1055. recovered:회복한
1056. recovery:①회복②회수
1057. reprocessing:①재가공하다②재생하다
1058. substituted:대체하다
1059. affordance:지원성
1060. anti:①반대②반


1061. aspect:①양상②측면
1062. atomic:①원자의②핵무기
1063. blockage:①봉쇄②방해
1064. discoverable:①발견할 수 있는②인정될 수 있는
1065. injure:①부상을 입히다②상처를 입히다
1066. interaction:①상호 작용②관계
1067. invisibility:①눈에 보이지 않음②불가시성
1068. particles:①입자②먼지
1069. passage:①통과②통로
1070. perceivable:①지각할 수 있는②인지할 수 있는


1071. perceived:①인지하다②인식하다
1072. presence:①존재②영향력
1073. prevention:①예방②방지
1074. structure:①구조②구성하다
1075. transparency:①투명도②투명
1076. aspects:①양상②측면
1077. bland:①온화한②개성없는
1078. communicative:①통신의②소통하는
1079. contexts:①문맥②상황
1080. distribution:①분포②분배


1081. formal:①공식적인②정식의
1082. formulas:①공식②방식
1083. function:①기능②역할
1084. portion:①부분②일부
1085. ritual:①의식②제사
1086. transactions:①거래②트랜잭션
1087. transmitted:①부치다②옮기다
1088. urged:①충동②열망
1089. verbally:①말로②구두로
1090. accidental:①우발적인②우연한


1091. behaviour:행동
1092. concluded:결론짓다
1093. conducted:①실시하다②수행하다
1094. explanation:①설명②해명
1095. hypothesis:①가설②가정
1096. limited:①한정된②제한을 받은
1097. phenomenon:①현상②장관
1098. reinforce:①보강하다②강화하다
1099. release:①발표하다②개봉하다
1100. ritualistic:①의례적인②관습적인


1101. rituals:①의식②제사
1102. whatsoever:whatever의 강조형
1103. category:①범주②부문
1104. consist:①이루어지다②구성되다
1105. constituents:구성 요소들
1106. criteria:①기준②평가
1107. distinctive:①독특한②특유의
1108. domain:①분야②영토
1109. entirety:①완전한 상태②전부
1110. entities:①실체②본질


1111. existence:①존재②현존
1112. extension:①확장②연장
1113. fundamentally:①근본적으로②기본적으로
1114. identical:①똑같은②동일한
1115. identity:①정체성②자신
1116. individuated:개체화하다
1117. membership:회원
1118. nonindividuated:개인화 되지 않은
1119. ontological:①존재론적인②존재론의
1120. portion:①부분②일부


1121. referring:언급하다
1122. sameness:①단조로움②동일
1123. scattered:①뿌려진②흩어져 있는
1124. substances:①물질②내용
1125. wholeness:①전체②총체
1126. admirable:①감탄할만한②훌륭한
1127. adopt:①채택하다②입양하다
1128. airwaves:방송
1129. brutal:①잔인한②무자비한
1130. dominant:①지배적인②우세한


1131. endangered:①멸종 위기의②위험한
1132. extinct:①멸종한②사라진
1133. globalization:①세계화②국제화
1134. hostility:①적개심②적대
1135. indigenous:①고유의②토착의
1136. intense:①강렬한②심한
1137. intimidating:①무서워하는②벌벌 떠는
1138. lifelines:①구명 밧줄②주요 도로
1139. mainstream:①주류②대세
1140. minority:소수


1141. preservation:①보존②보전
1142. repression:①탄압②억제
1143. retaining:①유지하다②보유하다
1144. reverse:①반대의②뒤집다
1145. revitalizing:새로운 활력을 주다
1146. revive:①소생시키다②되살아나다
1147. belongingness:①소속됨②소유
1148. conform:①순응하다②따르다
1149. consistent:①일관된②지속적인
1150. eventually:①결국②마침내


1151. excluded:①제외하다②배제하다
1152. increase:①증가하다②늘리다
1153. individuals:개인들
1154. motive:①동기②의도
1155. ostracism:①추방②배척
1156. ostracized:추방하다
1157. perceptions:①인식②지각
1158. reconnect:①다시 연결②다시 연락
1159. rejected:①거절하다②버리다
1160. rejection:①거부반응②거부


1161. relevant:①관련있는②적절한
1162. retention:①보유②기억
1163. seek:①추구하다②찾다
1164. subsequent:①뒤의②다음의
1165. autopilot:자동 조종 장치
1166. cognitive:①인식의②인지의
1167. detail:①세부②상세
1168. engagement:①참여②연대
1169. fascinating:매료된
1170. induces:①유발하다②유도하다


1171. intricate:①복잡한②미묘한
1172. laptop:①노트북②휴대용 컴퓨터
1173. mechanics:①역학②기계학
1174. minded:①ㅇㅇ한 마음을 가진②ㅇㅇ에 흥미가 있는
1175. mindfulness:①명상②주의 깊음
1176. neuroscience:신경 과학
1177. onslaught:①맹공격②맹습
1178. openness:①개방성②솔직
1179. plugged:플러그를 꽂다
1180. qualities:①특성②성질


1181. reinforce:①보강하다②강화하다
1182. technological:기술적인
1183. thriving:①번영하는②번성하는
1184. advantage:①이점②우위
1185. colony:①식민지②집단
1186. cycle:①주기②순환
1187. drift:①떠다니다②멀어지다
1188. jammed:①빽빽한②가득찬
1189. larvae:①유충②무척추 동물의 새끼
1190. scattered:①뿌려진②흩어져 있는


1191. settle:①해결하다②정착하다
1192. sperms:①정액②정자
1193. squirt:뿜어나오다
1194. tadpole:올챙이
1195. altering:①변하다②바뀌다
1196. appraisal:①평가②감정
1197. aspect:①양상②측면
1198. attack:①공격하다②발작
1199. attitude:①태도②자세
1200. bowled:①굴리다②순조롭게 진행되다


1201. coworker:①일의 동료②협력자
1202. fulfilling:①이루다②이행하다
1203. halo:①후광②영광
1204. individual:개인의
1205. nobler:①고귀한②귀족의
1206. noticeable:①눈에 띄는②주목할 만한
1207. obnoxious:①불쾌한②밉살스러운
1208. perceptions:①인식②지각
1209. specific:①특정한②구체적인
1210. trait:①특징②특성


1211. trustworthy:신뢰할 수 있는
1212. unconsciously:①부지불식간에②무의식적으로
1213. warmth:①따뜻함②온기
1214. aptly:①적절히②적절하게
1215. bloodstream:①혈류②활력
1216. bubble:①거품②기포
1217. dissolve:①녹이다②없애다
1218. frothing:①거품을 내뿜다②거품이 일다
1219. joints:①공동의②관절
1220. nitrogen:질소


1221. soluble:①녹는②해결할 수 있는
1222. substituted:대체하다
1223. acres:토지 면적의 단위
1224. admitted:①인정된②시인
1225. appointed:①임명하다②지명하다
1226. aware:①알고 있는②인식하는
1227. beneath:①아래에②밑에
1228. clamored:①외치다②떠들어대다
1229. cliffland:①손에 땀을 쥐는 상태로 끝나다②불안한 상태에 놓이다
1230. commission:①위원회②수수료


1231. eroded:①침식하다②부식하다
1232. erosional:①침식의②풍화의
1233. existence:①존재②현존
1234. geologists:지질학자
1235. preventive:①예방의②예방약
1236. processes:①처리하다②과정
1237. spectacular:①장관의②화려한
1238. accelerate:가속하다
1239. adapt:①적응하다②변화
1240. applied:①적용된②응용의


1241. cohere:①밀착하다②응집하다
1242. converted:①전환하다②바꾸다
1243. differ:①다르다②차이
1244. distorted:①왜곡하다②뒤틀다
1245. elastic:①탄력 있는②신축성이 있는
1246. equal:①평등한②동등한
1247. extent:①정도②범위
1248. facility:①시설②설비
1249. immersed:①잠긴②묻힌
1250. isotropic:등방성의


1251. leak:①유출②새다
1252. tendency:①경향②추세
1253. unconstrained:①구속되지 않은②자유로운
1254. urge:①촉구하다②요구하다
1255. vessel:①선박②혈관
1256. comprehensive:①종합적인②포괄적인
1257. depicts:①표현하다②나타내다
1258. integral:①완전한②필수의
1259. interpreted:①뜻을 밝히다②해석하다
1260. intriguing:①음모를 꾸미다②끌다


1261. straightforward:①직접의②솔직한
1262. subjectivity:①주관성②주관적임
1263. terms:①용어②기간
1264. acid:①산②신
1265. applying:①적용하다②지원하다
1266. attacks:공격하다
1267. beeches:너도밤나무
1268. browsing:띄엄띄엄 읽다
1269. compounds:화합물
1270. defensive:①방어적인②수세의


1271. detect:①찾아내다②감지하다
1272. discouraged:①낙담한②의욕을 잃어버린
1273. dripped:물방울을 흘리다
1274. heal:①치유되다②치료하다
1275. investigate:①조사하다②수사하다
1276. presence:①존재②영향력
1277. production:①생산②제작
1278. salicylic:살리실산의
1279. simulate:모의 실험하다
1280. wounded:①상처를 입은②부상자


1281. ancestor:①조상②선조
1282. ancestral:①조상의②대대로 내려오는
1283. assume:①가정하다②생각하다
1284. characteristics:①특성②독특한
1285. definition:①정의②개념
1286. descended:①물려받은②내려온
1287. estimates:①추정하다②예상하다
1288. genetics:①유전학②유전적 특징
1289. indicates:①나타내다②가리키다
1290. linguistic:언어의


1291. linguists:언어학자
1292. remnants:①나머지②단편
1293. afterward:①그후②곧 이어
1294. constant:①일정한②지속적인
1295. decline:①감소하다②거절하다
1296. defensively:①방어적으로②수비에 서서
1297. disdain:①경멸하다②경멸
1298. formative:①형성의②발달의
1299. fundamentally:①근본적으로②기본적으로
1300. fuss:①소란②야단법석


1301. hostility:①적개심②적대
1302. originate:①유래하다②발생하다
1303. parental:①부모의②부모다운
1304. applications:①적용②응용
1305. claimed:①주장하다②말하다
1306. competing:①경쟁하다②경기하다
1307. compromised:①타협하다②절충하다
1308. conducted:①실시하다②수행하다
1309. conflicts:①갈등②분쟁
1310. constitute:①구성하다②간주하다


1311. controversy:①논란②논쟁
1312. corporation:①기업②회사
1313. defense:①국방②방어
1314. establish:①설립하다②세우다
1315. eventually:①결국②마침내
1316. firms:회사
1317. funded:①자금②소지금
1318. genetic:유전적인
1319. genome:게놈
1320. genomics:유전체학


1321. innumerable:①셀 수 없이 많은②무수한
1322. inventory:①재고②목록
1323. issuing:①논점②발행
1324. joint:①공동의②관절
1325. laboratory:①연구실②실험실
1326. norm:①규범②기준
1327. openness:①개방성②솔직
1328. patents:①특허②공유지 양도 증서
1329. profit:①이익②수익
1330. publication:①출판②간행물


1331. raged:①분노하다②격노하다
1332. rival:①경쟁하는②경쟁자
1333. sector:①부문②분야
1334. sequences:①서열②순서
1335. sponsorship:후원
1336. suspended:①중단하다②유예하다
1337. accurately:①정확하게②그대로
1338. arranged:①계획된②결정된
1339. chunk:①규모가 큰②큰 덩어리
1340. complex:①복잡한②복합의


1341. declining:①감소하다②거절하다
1342. feat:①위업②공적
1343. glancing:①언뜻 보다②번득이다
1344. grandmasters:최고 수준의 체스 선수
1345. inputs:①입력②산업
1346. psychologists:①심리학자②정신과 의사
1347. recalled:①상기하다②기억하다
1348. receding:①후퇴하다②몸을 빼다
1349. retrieve:①회수②되찾다
1350. schema:①개요②선험적 도식


1351. technique:①기법②기술
1352. terms:①용어②기간
1353. alert:①경계②주의하다
1354. appendages:①첨가물②부속 기관
1355. biological:①생물학의②생물학적 약제
1356. cognitive:①인식의②인지의
1357. compels:억지로 ㅇㅇ하게하다
1358. consistently:①일관되게②지속적으로
1359. cope:①대처하다②다루다
1360. desire:①욕망②싶다


1361. efficient:효율적인
1362. engage:①관여하다②약혼하다
1363. established:①설립하다②세우다
1364. evaluations:①평가②분석
1365. evolutionary:①발전의②진화론에 의한
1366. fades:염색이 바래다
1367. farthest:①가장②가장 먼
1368. genetics:①유전학②유전적 특징
1369. immature:①미숙한②유년기의
1370. indeed:①정말로②사실은


1371. infant:①유아의②초기의
1372. involve:①관련되다②참여하다
1373. novelty:①새로움②신기함
1374. parenthood:①어버이임②어버이의 입장
1375. paychecks:①봉급②급료
1376. predictability:예상 가능함
1377. preference:①선호②좋아하기
1378. processes:①처리하다②과정
1379. propensity:①경향②성향
1380. reaches:①도착하다②미치다


1381. releasing:①해방하다②떼어놓다
1382. seek:①추구하다②찾다
1383. survival:①생존②살아남기
1384. unfamiliar:①낯선②익숙지 않은
1385. bacterial:세균의
1386. colonies:①식민단②식민지
1387. colony:①식민지②집단
1388. consulting:①조언을 청하다②참고하다
1389. crisis:①위기②문제
1390. critical:①비판적인②중요한


1391. doubt:①의심하다②의혹
1392. extraordinarily:①몹시②이례적으로
1393. hyper:①하이퍼②과잉
1394. hypermutation:①치환②순열
1395. hypermutators:고돌연변이 유발 유전자
1396. infinitely:①무한히②한없이
1397. insane:①미친②정신 이상의
1398. involves:관련시키다
1399. mess:①엉망②혼란
1400. microbial:①미생물의②세균의


1401. mutate:①변화시키다②돌연변이시키다
1402. mutating:①변화시키다②모음 변화시키다
1403. mutation:①변화②돌연변이
1404. organism:①생물②유기체
1405. precisely:①정확히②정밀하게
1406. survival:①생존②살아남기
1407. approval:①승인②허가
1408. associations:①협회②관련
1409. attach:①포함하다②부착하다
1410. ceremonies:①의식②예의


1411. claim:①주장하다②말하다
1412. colleague:동료
1413. complementary:①보완적인②대체
1414. complex:①복잡한②복합의
1415. consist:①이루어지다②구성되다
1416. contributed:①기부하다②기고하다
1417. cooperation:협력
1418. criminals:①범죄자②범죄의
1419. defined:정의된
1420. deprivation:①박탈②결핍


1421. deviant:①벗어난②비정상적인 사람
1422. disapproval:①반대②비난
1423. discredit:①의심하다②신용하지 않다
1424. displeasure:①불만②화남
1425. doubt:①의심하다②의혹
1426. excluded:①제외하다②배제하다
1427. exclusion:①배제②제외
1428. formal:①공식적인②정식의
1429. formalization:①형식화②의례
1430. formalized:형식화하다


1431. gossip:①소문②험담
1432. indicating:①나타내다②가리키다
1433. informal:①비공식②비형식
1434. judging:①재판관②심사원
1435. maintained:①유지하다②계속하다
1436. membership:회원
1437. minimal:①최소의②아주 작은
1438. norms:①규범②기준
1439. obligation:①의무②채무
1440. procedures:①절차②과정


1441. reciprocating:①보답하다②교환하다
1442. refusal:①거부②거절
1443. reinforced:①보강하다②늘리다
1444. retain:①유지하다②보유하다
1445. ridicule:①조롱하다②놀리다
1446. sanctions:①허가②구속
1447. sociologists:사회학자
1448. spontaneous:①자연스러운②자발적인
1449. structure:①구조②구성하다
1450. violate:①위반하다②침해하다


1451. violator:①위반자②위배자
1452. applied:①적용된②응용의
1453. banyan:①반얀나무②벵골보리수
1454. branches:①가지②분과
1455. chewed:씹다
1456. cuoi:결혼하다
1457. frightful:①무시무시한②놀랄만한
1458. grasped:①이해하다②잡다
1459. growl:①으르렁거리다②꼬르륵거리다
1460. handful:①소수의②몇몇의


1461. haste:①서두르다②성급함
1462. miraculous:①초자연적인②기적의
1463. offspring:①자식②새끼
1464. predicament:①곤경②곤란함
1465. pulp:①과육②걸쭉한 것
1466. replanted:①옮겨 심다②재이식하다
1467. scrambled:①기어오르다②서로 가지려 하다
1468. tigress:①호랑이의 암컷②잔인한 여자
1469. underbrush:①덤불②관목
1470. uprooted:①뿌리째 뽑히다②근절되다


1471. accurate:①정확한②정밀한
1472. aware:①알고 있는②인식하는
1473. barred:①빗장으로 잠근②줄가 있는
1474. branch:①가지②지점
1475. businesslike:①사무적인②신속한
1476. clenched:①꽉 닫히다②꽉 쥐다
1477. constant:①일정한②지속적인
1478. demonstrate:①증명하다②입증하다
1479. dramatic:①극적인②급격한
1480. elected:①선출된②당선된


1481. endured:①견디어 내다②견디다
1482. fists:①주먹②움켜쥐다
1483. handshake:악수
1484. honored:①명예로운②영광으로 생각하여
1485. hostility:①적개심②적대
1486. humbled:①겸손한②열등감을 느끼는
1487. latter:①후자의②하반기의
1488. league:①리그②연맹
1489. massive:①대규모의②거대한
1490. opposing:①적대하는②정반대의


1491. patience:①인내②참을성
1492. portrayal:①묘사②묘사된 것
1493. prediction:①예측②추정
1494. pretended:①자칭의②거짓의
1495. prominent:①유명한②두드러진
1496. qualify:①자격을 갖추다②자격을 얻다
1497. racist:인종 차별주의자
1498. referring:언급하다
1499. resentment:①분노②적의
1500. rookie:①신인 선수②루키


1501. sainthood:①성인의 신분②성인임
1502. teammates:①팀의 한 사람②단원
1503. threateningly:①위협적으로②협박하듯이
1504. unclenched:펴다
1505. aback:①역풍을 받은②돛이 앞바람을 받고
1506. awakened:①깨다②각성하다
1507. barked:①나무 껍질②짖다
1508. cash:①현금②돈
1509. compassion:①동정②연민
1510. confusion:①혼란②혼동


1511. consideration:①고려②배려
1512. cops:①잡히기②붙잡다
1513. cupboard:①찬장②벽장
1514. disciple:①제자②문하생
1515. emptied:①빈②비우다
1516. gaunt:①여윈②황량한
1517. hooded:①후드②모자
1518. investigate:①조사하다②수사하다
1519. jail:①감옥②징역
1520. robbing:①빼앗다②훔치다


1521. shrine:①성지②사당
1522. silhouette:①윤곽②실루엣
1523. admiration:①존경②감탄
1524. applies:①적용하다②지원하다
1525. attacking:공격하다
1526. behaviorists:①행동주의 심리학자②행동주의적인
1527. contempt:①경멸②모욕
1528. cryptophthalmos:잠복고환
1529. delight:①기쁘게 하다②기쁨
1530. disabilities:읽기 이해장애


1531. disability:①무력②무능
1532. doubtful:①의심스러운②회의적인
1533. eyelids:눈꺼풀
1534. flock:①모이다②떼짓다
1535. grooming:①신랑②털을 깨끗이 하다
1536. indeed:①정말로②사실은
1537. inspiring:①영감②고무
1538. lame:①절름발이의②서투른
1539. perch:①높은 곳②앉다
1540. sturla:①돌기둥②기념 석주


1541. triumphant:①의기양양한②성공한
1542. unfortunate:①불행한②유감스러운
1543. allingham:질링엄
1544. anthologies:①명시선②명시선
1545. befriended:①친구가 되다②돕다
1546. bloomfield:블룸필드
1547. county:①군②주
1548. critic:①비평가②비판가
1549. dedicated:①헌신적인②전용의
1550. eventually:①결국②마침내


1551. excise:①소비세②삭제하다
1552. influential:①영향력있는②유력한
1553. promote:①홍보하다②승진시키다
1554. reform:①개혁②개선
1555. settled:①안정된②정착한
1556. tenants:①점유하다②거주하다
1557. blades:①블레이드②날
1558. bore:①지루하게 하다②따분하게 하다
1559. chewed:씹다
1560. constructed:①만들다②건설하다


1561. corkscrew:①코르크 마개뽑이②나선 모양으로 나아가다
1562. debtor:①채무자②차주
1563. drill:①훈련②뚫다
1564. dug:①dig의 과거 과거 분사형②젖꼭지
1565. eventually:①결국②마침내
1566. excreting:①배설하다②분비하다
1567. fled:flee의 과거 과거 분사형
1568. observation:①관찰②관측
1569. pedestrians:①보행의②도보의
1570. pulp:①과육②걸쭉한 것


1571. shipworm:①배좀벌레조개②좀조개
1572. targeted:①과녁②달성 목표
1573. unsuspecting:①의심하지 않는②신용하는
1574. wapping:①휙 끌어당기다②내던지다
1575. assistant:①보조②조수
1576. astronomer:①천문학자②천문대장
1577. calibration:①구경측정②눈금
1578. convinced:①확신하는②설득했다
1579. depended:의존하다
1580. discrepancy:①불일치②차이


1581. dismissed:①해산시키다②해임하다
1582. error:①오차②오류
1583. observations:①관찰②관측
1584. stellar:①별의②별 같은
1585. striven:①노력하다②싸우다
1586. transits:①통과②운송
1587. allergic:①알레르기의②알레르기가 있는
1588. gotten:걸린
1589. manmade:①인공의②사람이 만든
1590. adoption:①채용②채택


1591. agricultural:①농업의②농산의
1592. anthropologists:인류학자
1593. civilization:문명
1594. domesticated:①가축화한②길들인
1595. fundamental:①기본적인②근본적인
1596. marginal:①가장자리의②경계의
1597. occasionally:①가끔②때때로
1598. permitted:①허용하다②인가
1599. plots:①음모②줄거리
1600. sedentary:①앉아서 하는②앉아 있는


1601. settle:①해결하다②정착하다
1602. utilize:①활용하다②이용하다
1603. categorization:①분류②범주화
1604. division:①부②분단
1605. domain:①분야②영토
1606. era:①시대②시절
1607. fleeting:①덧없는②어느덧 지나가는
1608. formulated:공식화하다
1609. framework:①근거②체제
1610. irrational:①비이성적인②비합리적인


1611. latter:①후자의②하반기의
1612. necessity:①필요성②필수품
1613. philosopher:철학자
1614. provable:①증명할 수 있는②입증할 수 있는
1615. rational:①합리적인②이성적인
1616. undefinable:①막연한②한정할 수 없는
1617. unprovable:①증명할 수 없는②실증할 수 없는
1618. unraveling:①풀리다②해명되다
1619. ushered:①안내를 맡다②안내하다
1620. visible:①보이는②가시의


1621. affluent:①부유한②유복한
1622. confirmation:①확인②확증
1623. consequence:①결과②대가
1624. crest:①벼슬②크레스티드
1625. ethnic:①민족의②혈통의
1626. glow:①빛나다②불이 켜지다
1627. icon:①아이콘②우상시 되는 인물
1628. individuals:개인들
1629. innovation:①혁신②획기적인
1630. maintain:①유지하다②계속하다


1631. mask:①마스크②가면
1632. needless:①불필요한②쓸데없는
1633. primitive:①원시의②원초적인
1634. prosperous:①번영하는②성공한
1635. reasserted:거듭 주장하다
1636. rediscovery:①재발견②재발견된 것
1637. seek:①추구하다②찾다
1638. societal:①사회의②사회 활동의
1639. visual:①시각의②눈에 보이는
1640. weatherboards:①물막이판을 대다②물막이판


1641. beneath:①아래에②밑에
1642. chapters:①장으로 나누다②장 지부
1643. dimensions:①크기
1644. discipline:①학문②규율
1645. eras:①시대②연대
1646. geologically:지질학적으로
1647. geologists:지질학자
1648. geology:지질학
1649. illumination:①조명②전등 장식
1650. imperfect:①불완전한②불충분한


1651. inscribed:①이름 등을 써서 증정하다②기명하다
1652. invariably:①반드시②언제나
1653. landforms:지형발달사
1654. medieval:중세의
1655. palimpsest:①한 번 쓴 것을 지운②뒷면에도 문자를 조각한
1656. parchment:①양피지②양피지 사본
1657. perceive:①인지하다②인식하다
1658. remnants:①나머지②단편
1659. scraped:①문지르다②난폭하게 비비다
1660. subsurface:①표면하의②표면 아래의


1661. techniques:①기법②기술
1662. term:①용어②기간
1663. traces:①자취②자취
1664. visible:①보이는②가시의
1665. associated:①연관된②관계가 있는
1666. consequence:①결과②대가
1667. consists:①이루어지다②구성되다
1668. conveyor:운반 장치
1669. decade:①십년간②수십년
1670. disaster:①재난②재앙


1671. equator:적도
1672. freshwater:①담수의②민물의
1673. ironic:역설적인
1674. saltwater:①소금물의②해산의
1675. shutdown:①폐쇄하다②닫다
1676. tipping:기울다
1677. trigger:①촉발②유발하다
1678. affect:①영향을 주다②작용하다
1679. arch:①아치②활모양의
1680. bonanza:①풍부한 광맥②대풍년


1681. ecological:①생태학적②환경 친화적인
1682. enrich:부유하게 하다
1683. gap:①간격②차이
1684. grizzly:①회색이 도는②심한
1685. habitat:①서식지②생태
1686. impacted:영향을 받은
1687. inland:①내륙의②국내의
1688. keystone:①쐐기돌②근본 원리
1689. lack:①부족②ㅇㅇ이 없다
1690. ladders:①사다리②오르는 길


1691. limited:①한정된②제한을 받은
1692. nutrients:영양
1693. obstacles:①장애②방해
1694. oceanic:①대양의②대양에 사는
1695. schemes:①계획하다②계획하다
1696. spawning:①산란②채란
1697. upstream:상류로
1698. vegetation:①초목②식물
1699. acid:①산②신
1700. acidified:산성화하다


1701. brief:①보고서②짧은
1702. calcium:칼슘
1703. caldeira:대형 분화구
1704. carbonate:①탄산염②탄산염화하다
1705. dinosaurs:공룡
1706. ensued:①계속되다②결과로서 일어나다
1707. extinct:①멸종한②사라진
1708. fossil:①화석②시대에 뒤진 사람
1709. handful:①소수의②몇몇의
1710. imprint:①찍다②자국


1711. meteor:①유성②별똥별
1712. rare:①희귀한②드문
1713. reappear:①재현하다②다시 나타나다
1714. scarce:①부족한②희귀한
1715. skeletons:골격
1716. slammed:쾅 닫다
1717. sulfur:유황의
1718. absorb:①흡수하다②열중하다
1719. acoustic:①청각의②소리의
1720. aesthetic:미학의


1721. backdrop:①배경막②배경막을 달다
1722. bio:①생물학②자서전
1723. corridor:복도
1724. determined:①결정된②결심한
1725. discreet:①신중한②분별력 있는
1726. exceptions:①예외②특례
1727. facade:①정면②외관
1728. identical:①똑같은②동일한
1729. identity:①정체성②자신
1730. integrate:①통합하다②포함하다


1731. merge:①통합하다②합병하다
1732. neighbouring:①근처에 사는②인근의
1733. transparent:①투명한②속보이는
1734. assumption:①가정②추측
1735. basically:기본적으로
1736. biases:①비스듬한②비스듬히
1737. budge:움직이기 시작하다
1738. complicated:①복잡한②어려운
1739. conjure:①떠올리다②불러일으키다
1740. equal:①평등한②동등한


1741. fallacies:①오류②착오
1742. laypeople:①일반인②비전문가
1743. naked:①벌거벗은②나체의
1744. narrative:①설명적인②이야기
1745. randomness:①무작위②우연성
1746. rearranged:①다시 배열하다②전위하다
1747. recede:①멀어지다②감소하다
1748. reflected:①반사하다②보여주다
1749. boundary:①경계②영역
1750. conduction:①전도②끎


1751. conductor:①지휘자②전도체
1752. deficit:①적자②결손
1753. molecules:분자
1754. separating:①가르다②헤어지게 하다
1755. thermal:①열의②뜨거운
1756. windless:①숨이 찬②바람이 없는
1757. chill:①냉각하다②무서운
1758. credited:①신용②명성
1759. demonstrating:①논증하다②명시하다
1760. escapade:①엉뚱한 짓②분별없는 장난


1761. extend:①확장하다②연장하다
1762. highgate:높은 비율
1763. martyr:①순교자②순국자
1764. organs:①오르간②기관
1765. pneumonia:폐렴
1766. polymath:박식가
1767. refrigeration:①냉각②냉동
1768. relevant:①관련있는②적절한
1769. remarkable:①놀라운②주목할 만한
1770. spontaneous:①자연스러운②자발적인


1771. unrecorded:기록되지 않은
1772. unsuitably:적절치 않게
1773. adapt:①적응하다②변화
1774. agroforestry:①삼림 농업②농림업
1775. basis:①기초②근거
1776. climatic:①기후의②기후에 의한
1777. depth:①깊이②심도
1778. diversity:①다양성②상이
1779. domesticated:①가축화한②길들인
1780. domestication:①길들이기②정듦


1781. enabled:가능하게하다
1782. estimates:①추정하다②예상하다
1783. evolution:①진화②변화
1784. fibre:①섬유②섬유질
1785. genetic:유전적인
1786. heritable:상속할 수 있는
1787. individuals:개인들
1788. involves:관련시키다
1789. majority:①다수의②대부분
1790. plantations:①농장②조림지


1791. regarded:①간주하다②생각하다
1792. selection:①선택②선발
1793. tropics:①열대 지방의②열대성의
1794. undergone:undergo의 과거 분사형
1795. undescribed:기술 되지 않은
1796. captivity:①속박②감금
1797. carnivores:육식 동물
1798. charges:①청구하다②부담으로 하다
1799. depriving:①박탈하다②빼앗다
1800. distasteful:①싫은②불쾌한


1801. flee:①도망치다②피하다
1802. foraging:수렵 채집
1803. predominant:①우세한②지배적인
1804. replicate:①모사하다②복제하다
1805. replicating:①반복되는②많은
1806. unearned:①과분한②노력 없이 얻은
1807. unnatural:부자연스러운
1808. allotment:①분배②할당
1809. cruise:①크루즈②유람선
1810. depth:①깊이②심도


1811. disadvantage:①불리②불리하게 하다
1812. historic:①역사적인②사
1813. itineraries:①여로②여행의
1814. limited:①한정된②제한을 받은
1815. majority:①다수의②대부분
1816. peeve:①약올리다②불평
1817. resort:①리조트②의존하다
1818. specialized:①전문의②분화한
1819. apparently:①분명히②명백히
1820. chuck:①척②던지다


1821. concluded:결론짓다
1822. definitely:①분명히②확실하게
1823. hardaway:①고생해서②엄격하게
1824. league:①리그②연맹
1825. reinforcement:①보강②강화
1826. slump:①폭락②푹 쓰러지다
1827. streak:①연속②계속
1828. accomplishment:①성취②업적
1829. achieving:①성과를 올리다②성취하다
1830. aesthetic:미학의


1831. automatically:①자동적으로②자연히
1832. considerably:①많이②상당히
1833. context:①문맥②상황
1834. criterion:①기준②평가
1835. established:①설립하다②세우다
1836. explanation:①설명②해명
1837. extraordinary:①특별한②뛰어난
1838. firmly:①확고하게②강하게
1839. function:①기능②역할
1840. indeed:①정말로②사실은


1841. instrument:①악기②도구
1842. performers:연기자
1843. rasping:①쓰는②긁어대는
1844. scraping:①문지르다②난폭하게 비비다
1845. tonal:①음색의②색조의
1846. varies:다양하게 나타나다
1847. angle:①각도②관점
1848. automatically:①자동적으로②자연히
1849. composition:①구성②작문
1850. compressing:①압축하다②습포


1851. consideration:①고려②배려
1852. defining:①정의하다②경계를 정하다
1853. depicted:①묘사하다②그리다
1854. diminish:①낮아지다②줄어들다
1855. emphasizing:①강조하다②강세를 두다
1856. evolved:①발전하다②진전하다
1857. formulas:①공식②방식
1858. imagemakers:①광고를 하는 사람②이미지를 만드는 사람
1859. knowledgeable:①박식한②정통해 있는
1860. linear:①직선 모양의②길이에 관한


1861. modified:①완화된②수정된
1862. obscura:①어둠 상자②차광 상자
1863. perspective:①관점②시각
1864. pictorial:①그림의②그림으로 나타낸
1865. predefined:미리 정하다
1866. procedures:①절차②과정
1867. radical:①급진적인②과격한
1868. represented:①나타내다②ㅇㅇ의 대리를 하다
1869. resembled:①닮다②ㅇㅇ과 비슷하다
1870. selection:①선택②선발


1871. sophisticated:①정교한②복잡한
1872. specific:①특정한②구체적인
1873. tonal:①음색의②색조의
1874. trace:①추적하다②흔적
1875. unchanged:①불변의②변하지 않은
1876. unforeseen:①예기치 않은②뜻하지 않은
1877. unintentional:①본의 아닌②무심결의
1878. unleash:①놓아주다②ㅇㅇ의 속박을 풀다
1879. abundant:①풍부한②많은
1880. architecture:①건축②설계


1881. availability:①유용성②유효성
1882. complexity:①복잡함②난이도
1883. conscious:①의식한②친화적
1884. conservation:①보존②보호
1885. conservative:①보수적인②보수주의자
1886. depended:의존하다
1887. effectiveness:①효과적인②유효성
1888. envelope:봉투
1889. expansive:①팽창성 있는②광범위한
1890. facades:①정면②외관


1891. fossil:①화석②시대에 뒤진 사람
1892. generosity:①관대함②아낌없는
1893. glazing:①흐릿한②윤이 나는
1894. insulation:①절연체②단열재
1895. reliance:①신뢰②의존
1896. retention:①보유②기억
1897. spatial:①공간의②공간적인
1898. tendencies:①경향②성향
1899. tightness:①기밀②조임
1900. ventilation:①환기②환기 장치


1901. agenda:①의제②과제
1902. appreciation:①이해②감사
1903. attractions:①관광지②명소
1904. composer:①작곡가②작가
1905. devised:①고안하다②마련하다
1906. evident:①명백한②분명한
1907. francophone:①프랑스 어권②프랑스어를 말하는 주민
1908. genre:①장르②유형
1909. identified:①확인된②인정된
1910. identities:①동일함②본인임


1911. idiosyncratic:①특유한②특이한
1912. itinerary:①일정②기행
1913. tourism:①관광②여행
1914. achieving:①성과를 올리다②성취하다
1915. approaches:접근하다
1916. archival:기록 보관소의
1917. archives:①공문서②기록 보관소
1918. bacterial:세균의
1919. critical:①비판적인②중요한
1920. facilitate:①위하다②촉진하다


1921. forgotten:잊혀진
1922. identify:①확인하다②알아보다
1923. implementing:①도구②비품
1924. innovation:①혁신②획기적인
1925. laboratory:①연구실②실험실
1926. strain:①변형②종류
1927. thrill:①스릴②흥분
1928. uncover:①발견하다②밝히다
1929. undergraduate:①대학의②학부의
1930. vehicle:①차량②자동차


1931. beaten:①맞은②이긴
1932. bleak:①어두운②암담한
1933. concluded:결론짓다
1934. conviction:①확신②유죄 판결
1935. credited:①신용②명성
1936. decades:①십년간②수십년
1937. determined:①결정된②결심한
1938. doomed:①희망없는②실패한
1939. extraordinary:①특별한②뛰어난
1940. imminent:①절박한②임박한


1941. nurture:①육성하다②양육하다
1942. overwhelming:①압도하다②억누르다
1943. seemingly:①겉보기에는②언뜻 보기에
1944. slum:①빈민가②빈민굴
1945. sociology:①사회과학②사회학
1946. surviving:살아남아 있는
1947. associations:①협회②관련
1948. broadly:①광범위하게②거리낌없는
1949. charitable:①관대한②자비로운
1950. expanded:①확대하다②확장하다


1951. gentiles:①비유대인의②이교의
1952. harbored:①항구②품다
1953. individuals:개인들
1954. jews:①유대인②유대인의
1955. nonrescuers:비구조자들
1956. prospective:①예비의②장래의
1957. rescuers:구조자들
1958. similarity:①유사점②비슷함
1959. spectrum:①스펙트럼②범위
1960. attitude:①태도②자세


1961. consequence:①결과②대가
1962. grumbling:①투덜거리는②불평하는
1963. input:①입력②산업
1964. mess:①엉망②혼란
1965. neglect:①무시②방치하다
1966. resistance:①저항②내성
1967. unilateral:①일방적인②한쪽만의
1968. bane:①죽음②파멸
1969. demon:①악마②귀재
1970. desire:①욕망②싶다


1971. employment:고용
1972. essence:①본질②정수
1973. existence:①존재②현존
1974. gratification:①만족②희열
1975. immediate:즉각적인
1976. procrastinate:①미루다②끌다
1977. procrastination:①지연②미루기
1978. sacrificing:①산 제물②희생
1979. satisfying:①만족시키다②충족시키다
1980. term:①용어②기간


1981. apparel:①의류②의복
1982. categories:①분류상의 구분②종류
1983. category:①범주②부문
1984. ceremonial:①의식②기념식
1985. commitment:①몰입②약속
1986. functioning:①기능②의식
1987. gender:①성별②성
1988. groupings:①그룹으로 나누기②배합
1989. interact:①작용하다②교류하다
1990. occasions:①경우②때


1991. political:①정치의②정당의
1992. religiosity:①광적인 신앙심②종교성
1993. rituals:①의식②제사
1994. significant:①중요한②상당한
1995. societies:사회
1996. sorting:①분류하다②정렬하다
1997. spirited:①씩씩한②ㅇㅇ의 정신을 지닌
1998. stance:①입장②자세
1999. visually:①시각적으로②시각에 관하여
2000. addressed:①다뤄진②다뤄지다


2001. competence:①능력②자신감
2002. demands:①요구하다②수요
2003. diversity:①다양성②상이
2004. economic:①경제의②경기의
2005. educators:①교육자②교사
2006. engage:①관여하다②약혼하다
2007. envision:①상상하다②마음에 그리다
2008. equality:①평등②동등
2009. ethnic:①민족의②혈통의
2010. exist:①존재하다②있다


2011. immigration:①이민②출입국 관리
2012. impermeable:①통과시키지 않는②빠져나갈 수 없는
2013. indeed:①정말로②사실은
2014. intensified:①격렬해지다②강해지다
2015. linguistic:언어의
2016. paradigms:①어형 변화예②패러다임
2017. racial:①인종의②민족의
2018. societies:사회
2019. sustainable:지속 가능한
2020. transformation:①전환②변화


2021. unnoticed:①주목받지 못하는②눈에 띄지 않는
2022. visionary:①환상의②공상적인
2023. birthrate:출생률
2024. contribute:①기여하다②공헌하다
2025. correlation:①상호 관계②상관 관계
2026. fitness:①건강②운동
2027. flourishing:①번영하는②성대한
2028. inclusive:①일체를 포함한②포괄적인
2029. initially:①처음에②당초에
2030. inverse:①반대의②역의


2031. literacy:①읽고 쓰는 능력②읽고 쓸 줄 앎
2032. proxy:①대리인②대리권
2033. selected:①선택된②선발된
2034. selection:①선택②선발
2035. universal:①보편적인②전 세계의
2036. utilize:①활용하다②이용하다
2037. accessed:접근하다
2038. administration:①정부②행정
2039. advocates:①옹호하다②주장하다
2040. attempt:①시도하다②노력


2041. bureaucrat:①관료②공무원
2042. burgeoning:①급증하는②급성장 하는
2043. citizen:①시민②국민
2044. clients:고객
2045. commerce:①상업②무역
2046. conducting:①실시하다②수행하다
2047. convenience:①편의②편리
2048. democratize:①민주화하다②민주적으로 하다
2049. dramatic:①극적인②급격한
2050. governance:①통치②지배


2051. governmental:①정치의②행정 기관의
2052. individual:개인의
2053. modernize:①현대화되다②근대화하다
2054. presence:①존재②영향력
2055. provision:①규정②조항
2056. reformers:①개량자②종교 개혁가
2057. responsive:①반응하는②대응하는
2058. sector:①부문②분야
2059. align:①일렬②관련
2060. assistant:①보조②조수


2061. autonomous:①자주적인②자율적인
2062. conflict:①갈등②분쟁
2063. destinations:①목적지②관광지
2064. interacts:①상호 작용하다②교류하다
2065. internal:①내부의②국내의
2066. involved:①관련된②관여하는
2067. pedestrians:①보행의②도보의
2068. vehicles:①차량②자동차
2069. advertised:①광고하다②홍보하다
2070. advertisers:①광고자②광고인


2071. attachments:①애착②부착
2072. chronicled:①연대기에 싣다②역사에 남기다
2073. clown:①광대②시골뜨기
2074. commercial:①상업용의②상업적인
2075. enduring:①참을성있는②지속하는
2076. feature:①특징②출연하다
2077. featuring:①보여준②등장
2078. glamorous:①매혹적인②매력이 넘치는
2079. nurture:①육성하다②양육하다
2080. programmers:프로그램 개발에 편리한 툴의 집합


2081. specifically:①특히②구체적으로
2082. sponsored:①ㅇㅇ후원의②자선 목적의
2083. agency:①기관②소속사
2084. anonymous:①익명의②이름을 밝히지 않은
2085. bound:①한계②묶인
2086. consumer:①소비자②고객
2087. developers:①개발자②계발자
2088. disrupt:①방해하다②피해를 주다
2089. enables:가능하게하다
2090. hackers:해커


2091. individuals:개인들
2092. inquiries:①사실을 구함②조사
2093. intimate:①친밀한②사적인
2094. invasions:①침략②침공
2095. leaks:①새는 곳②누전
2096. secure:①확보하다②안전한
2097. security:①보안②안보
2098. servers:①봉사자②서브하는 사람
2099. specific:①특정한②구체적인
2100. trajectory:①탄도②궤적


2101. approach:①접근하다②접근법
2102. coactors:①협력자②공동 작업자
2103. cognitive:①인식의②인지의
2104. disrupt:①방해하다②피해를 주다
2105. embarrassment:①당황②부끄러움
2106. facilitation:①용이하게 하기②간편화
2107. favorable:①유리한②호의적인
2108. increase:①증가하다②늘리다
2109. individuals:개인들
2110. intensity:①강도②강렬함


2111. interference:①간섭②방해
2112. motivate:①동기 부여②의욕
2113. motivation:①동기 부여②욕구
2114. presence:①존재②영향력
2115. proposes:①제안하다②제시하다
2116. accomplished:①성취하다②이루어 내다
2117. achieving:①성과를 올리다②성취하다
2118. eventually:①결국②마침내
2119. greatness:①위대함②탁월함
2120. trail:①둘레길②등산로


2121. ultimately:①마침내②결국
2122. vitality:①활력②생명력
2123. worthwhile:①가치있는②ㅇㅇ할 만한
2124. affect:①영향을 주다②작용하다
2125. contagious:①전염성의②감염병
2126. encounters:①만나다②마주치다
2127. frustrating:실망하는 듯한
2128. fulfilling:①이루다②이행하다
2129. imbue:①스며들게 하다②불어넣다
2130. irritating:①화난②안달이 난


2131. painful:①고통스러운②아픈
2132. predict:①예측하다②전망하다
2133. prophecy:①예언②예측
2134. craftsmanship:①손재주②솜씨
2135. defensive:①방어적인②수세의
2136. elicit:①이끌어 내다②끌어내다
2137. guessed:①ㅇㅇ인 것 같다②ㅇㅇ라고 생각하다
2138. steer:①조종하다②돌리다
2139. appreciation:①이해②감사
2140. competing:①경쟁하다②경기하다


2141. eliminated:①제거하다②실격시키다
2142. firms:회사
2143. manufacturers:①제조업자②업체
2144. merged:①합병하다②변하게 하다
2145. railroads:①철도에서 일하다②철도
2146. regional:①지역의②지방의
2147. shipped:①선박②십
2148. slaughterhouses:도살장
2149. aesthetic:미학의
2150. applied:①적용된②응용의


2151. arising:①일어나다②일어서다
2152. circumstance:①상황②환경
2153. constrained:①강요당한②부자연스러운
2154. convention:①협약②대회
2155. era:①시대②시절
2156. financial:①금융의②경제의
2157. freedom:①자유②석방
2158. gender:①성별②성
2159. indeed:①정말로②사실은
2160. individuals:개인들


2161. liberal:①진보적인②자유로운
2162. qualify:①자격을 갖추다②자격을 얻다
2163. societies:사회
2164. timeless:①시간을 초월한②무한한
2165. accused:①비난 받은②혐의를 받다
2166. aides:①도움이 되다②돕다
2167. assistants:①보조②조수
2168. candidate:①후보자②지원자
2169. constant:①일정한②지속적인
2170. criticism:①비판②비난


2171. defeat:①패배시키다②이기다
2172. destructive:①파괴적인②해로운
2173. esteem:①존중하다②평가하다
2174. exaggerated:①과장된②과대한
2175. individuals:개인들
2176. narcissists:자기 도취자
2177. optimistic:①낙관적인②긍정적인
2178. politicians:정치가
2179. probable:①가능성②그럴듯한
2180. rationalize:①합리화하다②유리화하다


2181. revolves:①순환하다②맴돌다
2182. seriousness:①중대함②진지함
2183. spotlight:스포트라이트
2184. territory:①영토②영역
2185. trait:①특징②특성
2186. unnaturally:부자연스럽게
2187. accountable:①책임이 있는②설명할 수 있는
2188. alienation:①소외②양도
2189. anti:①반대②반
2190. anxiety:①불안②걱정


2191. boardrooms:①이사회 회의실②매매소
2192. bureaucracies:①관료제②관료
2193. capacity:①능력②용량
2194. corporations:①기업②회사
2195. deficit:①적자②결손
2196. determine:①결정하다②밝히다
2197. economic:①경제의②경기의
2198. eroding:①침식하다②부식하다
2199. fates:①운명이다②운명
2200. globalization:①세계화②국제화


2201. globalizers:①세계화하다②전 세계에 퍼뜨리다
2202. loyalties:①성실②충성
2203. oppose:①반대하다②대항하다
2204. remote:①원격의②외딴
2205. reserve:①보유하다②보호지역
2206. sovereign:①주권자②주권의
2207. transnational:①다국적 기업의②다국적의
2208. unleashing:①놓아주다②ㅇㅇ의 속박을 풀다
2209. adjusted:①조정되다②적응하다
2210. casual:편한


2211. clinic:①병원②클리닉
2212. comparison:비교
2213. considerable:①상당한②꽤
2214. devastated:①큰 타격을 받은②황폐한
2215. emotionally:감정적으로
2216. eventually:①결국②마침내
2217. fitted:①장비가 갖추어진②꼭 맞는
2218. outlook:①전망②경치
2219. pirate:①해적②불법 복제
2220. prosthesis:①보철②인공물


2221. thrill:①스릴②흥분
2222. definition:①정의②개념
2223. exhausted:지친
2224. functioning:①기능②의식
2225. intake:①섭취②흡입
2226. psychological:①심리학의②정신의
2227. accessible:접근할 수 있는
2228. alternatives:①양자택일②한쪽
2229. anti:①반대②반
2230. basis:①기초②근거


2231. biomechanical:신체 역학의
2232. broader:①폭이 넓은②광대한
2233. cellular:①세포의②휴대전화
2234. comprises:①ㅇㅇ로 이뤄지다②구성하다
2235. context:①문맥②상황
2236. diet:식단
2237. discourse:①담론②담화
2238. enhance:①향상하다②강화하다
2239. era:①시대②시절
2240. focuses:①초점에 모이다②주의를 집중하다


2241. guaranteed:①보장하다②보증
2242. healing:①치유②치료
2243. individual:개인의
2244. industry:①산업②업계
2245. insights:①통찰②명찰
2246. interactions:①상호 작용②관련
2247. longevity:①장수②수명
2248. medicinal:①약효가 있는②약의
2249. nutritional:①영양의②영양상의
2250. observation:①관찰②관측


2251. processes:①처리하다②과정
2252. promotes:①홍보하다②승진시키다
2253. supplements:①추가②보각
2254. associated:①연관된②관계가 있는
2255. cholera:콜레라
2256. epidemic:①유행②유행병
2257. fermented:발효된
2258. flawed:흠이 있는
2259. harsh:①가혹한②거친
2260. hindered:①방해하다②막다


2261. hygiene:①위생②건강법
2262. longevity:①장수②수명
2263. orthodoxy:①정통파적 신념②정교적 신앙
2264. prominent:①유명한②두드러진
2265. ripe:①잘 익은②때가 된
2266. speculate:①추측하다②분석하다
2267. zoologist:동물학자
2268. academic:①학업의②학문적인
2269. application:①적용②응용
2270. applying:①적용하다②지원하다


2271. corporate:①기업의②회사의
2272. finalists:①결승전 출전자②대학 졸업 시험 수험자
2273. granted:①부여하다②주다
2274. industry:①산업②업계
2275. inform:알리다
2276. qualifications:①자질②자격
2277. reapply:①다시 적용하다②다시 쓰다
2278. regret:①후회하다②유감
2279. scholarship:①장학금②학문
2280. slot:①시간대②자리


2281. adjust:①조정되다②적응하다
2282. barely:①거의 ㅇㅇ않다②겨우
2283. breath:①숨②호흡
2284. buoyancy:①부력②부양성
2285. confining:①국한②제한된
2286. dash:①돌진하다②찬물을 끼얹다
2287. disorientingly:①길을 잃게 하는②혼란스럽게 만드는
2288. grin:①웃다②웃음
2289. invertebrate:①무척추동물②무척추동물의
2290. lighted:①빛②햇빛


2291. proceed:①나아가다②전진하다
2292. refocus:①다시 초점을 맞추다②중점을 바꾸다
2293. signaled:①신호②계기
2294. uneasiness:①불안②걱정
2295. content:①콘텐츠②내용
2296. distracted:①주의를 빼앗다②관심이 멀어지다
2297. ensuring:①확실하게 하다②확보하다
2298. forgotten:잊혀진
2299. guarantee:①보장하다②보증
2300. internalised:①내면화하다②자기 것으로 하다


2301. intranet:①인트라넷②내부 전산망
2302. iuvant:이반
2303. multichannel:①다중 통화의②다중 채널의
2304. neglected:①무시②방치하다
2305. pondered:①잘 생각하다②숙고하다
2306. reception:①수신②리셉션
2307. redundant:①여분의②장황한
2308. relevant:①관련있는②적절한
2309. selection:①선택②선발
2310. automatic:①자동의②자연적으로


2311. claimed:①주장하다②말하다
2312. cooperation:협력
2313. dominated:①지배하다②우뚝 솟다
2314. enthusiastic:①열정적인②열렬한
2315. fastball:①속구②패스트볼
2316. foundation:①재단②기반
2317. individual:개인의
2318. intimidated:①무서워하는②벌벌 떠는
2319. intuitively:직관적으로
2320. league:①리그②연맹


2321. opposing:①적대하는②정반대의
2322. recognition:①인식②인정
2323. unstoppable:①막을 수 없는②이길 수 없는
2324. concierge:①수위②관리인
2325. conflict:①갈등②분쟁
2326. consumer:①소비자②고객
2327. employees:직원들
2328. ensure:①ㅇㅇ하기 위해②보장하다
2329. firms:회사
2330. fitness:①건강②운동


2331. interactions:①상호 작용②관련
2332. nondrinking:①금주②술 끊기
2333. nonsmokers:비흡연자의 권리
2334. patrons:①단골②후원자
2335. purchase:①구매하다②구입하다
2336. reunion:①상봉②재회
2337. satisfaction:①만족②충족
2338. significantly:①크게②현저히
2339. smokers:①담배를 피우는 사람②흡연차
2340. veterans:①고참병②노련가


2341. basically:기본적으로
2342. coaches:①코치②감독
2343. decades:①십년간②수십년
2344. define:①정의하다②말한다
2345. drumming:①북을 치는 것②둥둥 울리는 소리
2346. enhance:①향상하다②강화하다
2347. ensure:①ㅇㅇ하기 위해②보장하다
2348. foremost:①최우선②가장
2349. indeed:①정말로②사실은
2350. technique:①기법②기술


2351. token:①토큰②표시
2352. absorb:①흡수하다②열중하다
2353. alga:①해조②말
2354. biological:①생물학의②생물학적 약제
2355. coalburning:석탄태움
2356. consisting:①이루어지다②구성되다
2357. continually:①계속해서②지속적으로
2358. crusty:①외각질의②무뚝뚝한
2359. dioxide:이산화물
2360. excessive:①과도한②지나친


2361. existed:①존재하다②있다
2362. fungus:①균②곰팡이
2363. indicators:①지표②지수
2364. industrial:①산업의②공업의
2365. interdependent:상호 의존의
2366. lichen:①이끼②지의의 식물
2367. northwest:①북서②노스웨스트
2368. nourishment:①음식물②영양
2369. organism:①생물②유기체
2370. originates:①시작하다②일으키다


2371. pollutant:①오염 물질②오염원
2372. polluting:①더럽히다②타락시키다
2373. presence:①존재②영향력
2374. sicken:①구역질나게 하다②못 쓰게 되다
2375. specific:①특정한②구체적인
2376. sulfur:유황의
2377. varieties:①다양성②변화
2378. biodiversity:생물의 다양성
2379. destructive:①파괴적인②해로운
2380. diverse:①다양한②여러 가지의


2381. ecological:①생태학적②환경 친화적인
2382. economy:①경제②경기
2383. ecotourism:환경관광
2384. forested:①숲②산림
2385. frequent:①자주②잦은
2386. hardwoods:①경재②경재의
2387. harvested:①수확②추수
2388. hurricanes:①허리케인②폭풍
2389. lagoons:뉴칼레도니섬 석호
2390. landmass:①대륙②광대한 육지


2391. lowland:①저지②저지의
2392. mahogany:①마호가니②마호가니색
2393. reef:①산호초②암초
2394. subtropical:①아열대의②아열대성의
2395. swampy:①습지가 많은②습지의
2396. accounted:①기술②변명
2397. enrolled:①등록하다②기록하다
2398. enrollment:①등록②입학
2399. ethnic:①민족의②혈통의
2400. increase:①증가하다②늘리다


2401. multi:①다중②다
2402. terms:①용어②기간
2403. charge:①혐의②충전
2404. county:①군②주
2405. curator:①큐레이터②전시기획자
2406. guidelines:①지침②가이드라인
2407. participating:참가적의
2408. reception:①수신②리셉션
2409. register:①등록하다②기록하다
2410. abnormal:①비정상적인②이상한


2411. aeds:①에이즈②지원
2412. analysis:①분석②해석
2413. analyze:①분석하다②조사하다
2414. analyzing:①분석하다②분석하여 조사하다
2415. arrest:①체포하다②구속하다
2416. automated:①자동화된②자동의
2417. cardiac:①심장의②심장병 환자
2418. charge:①혐의②충전
2419. compression:①압축②응축
2420. critical:①비판적인②중요한


2421. defibrillators:①세동 제거기②제세동기
2422. detect:①찾아내다②감지하다
2423. electrical:①전기의②전자의
2424. external:①외부의②대외적인
2425. instruct:①지시하다②교육하다
2426. restore:①복원하다②회복하다
2427. victim:①피해자②희생자
2428. vocal:①가창의②목소리의
2429. acquaintance:①아는 사람②인물
2430. adapting:①개조된②개작된


2431. assume:①가정하다②생각하다
2432. assumption:①가정②추측
2433. attempting:①시도하다②노력
2434. conform:①순응하다②따르다
2435. cordiality:①진심②충정
2436. encounter:①만나다②마주치다
2437. impacting:①충돌②영향
2438. initiate:시작하다
2439. intentions:좋은 의도
2440. perspective:①관점②시각


2441. advise:①조언하다②권하다
2442. akin:①비슷한②같이
2443. clients:고객
2444. desire:①욕망②싶다
2445. developments:①발달②발달한 상태
2446. fertile:①비옥한②가임의
2447. fitted:①장비가 갖추어진②꼭 맞는
2448. haphazardly:①계획 없이②엉터리로
2449. imported:①중요하다②수입하다
2450. mismatches:①부적당하게 짝지우다②부적당한 짝


2451. rug:①양탄자②깔개
2452. selected:①선택된②선발된
2453. slope:①경사②스키장
2454. tract:①관②지역
2455. tuxedo:턱시도
2456. advantage:①이점②우위
2457. basis:①기초②근거
2458. capable:①가능성있는②능력있는
2459. collective:①집단적인②공동의
2460. compelling:억지로 ㅇㅇ하게하다


2461. competitiveness:①경쟁력②장점
2462. debilitating:쇠약하게 만드는
2463. employees:직원들
2464. fluid:①유동성의②액체
2465. halving:①반분하다②반감하다
2466. horsepower:①마력②달성 능력
2467. humanitarian:①인도주의적인②인도주의자
2468. incorporate:①포함하다②결합하다
2469. individual:개인의
2470. integrating:①통합된②종합


2471. intellectual:①지적인②지식인
2472. intelligence:①지능②정보
2473. laboratory:①연구실②실험실
2474. mobilization:①동원②유통
2475. mobilizing:①동원되다②전시 동원하다
2476. policy:①정책②제도
2477. radical:①급진적인②과격한
2478. sedentary:①앉아서 하는②앉아 있는
2479. setups:①세트업②생각
2480. strategic:①전략적인②중요한


2481. accessible:접근할 수 있는
2482. acquire:①얻다②습득하다
2483. attending:①참석②다니는
2484. conference:①회견②회의
2485. constructed:①만들다②건설하다
2486. dedicated:①헌신적인②전용의
2487. documentaries:①문서의②기록물
2488. expertise:①전문적 기술②전문 기술
2489. freak:①열광자②별난
2490. indeed:①정말로②사실은


2491. programmes:program
2492. reconstruct:①재구성②재건
2493. wiped:①닦다②없애다
2494. conclude:결론짓다
2495. consensus:①합의②의견
2496. enthusiastically:①열심히②열광하여
2497. guilty:①유죄의②죄책감
2498. initially:①처음에②당초에
2499. interrogators:①질문자②호출기
2500. motivation:①동기 부여②욕구


2501. persuasive:①설득력 있는②설득적인
2502. political:①정치의②정당의
2503. shortcut:①지름길②첩경
2504. witnessed:①증명하다②목격하다
2505. advocate:①옹호하다②주장하다
2506. capacity:①능력②용량
2507. characterized:①간주하다②특징을 나타내다
2508. civil:①시민의②민사의
2509. claims:①주장하다②말하다
2510. colonial:①식민지의②일제 강점기


2511. colonies:①식민단②식민지
2512. conflict:①갈등②분쟁
2513. crucial:①중요한②결정적인
2514. dismissively:①거만한②멸시하는
2515. examining:①검사하다②시험하다
2516. excluded:①제외하다②배제하다
2517. export:①수출②수출액
2518. functionaries:①직원②공무원
2519. imperial:①제국의②황제의
2520. individuals:개인들


2521. latter:①후자의②하반기의
2522. marginal:①가장자리의②경계의
2523. mechanism:①메커니즘②장치
2524. membership:회원
2525. participating:참가적의
2526. participation:①참여②참가
2527. profit:①이익②수익
2528. settle:①해결하다②정착하다
2529. superfluous:①여분의②불필요한
2530. surplus:①흑자②무역수지


2531. affect:①영향을 주다②작용하다
2532. agricultural:①농업의②농산의
2533. algal:①해조의②조류의
2534. associated:①연관된②관계가 있는
2535. chemical:①화학적인②화학물질
2536. commercial:①상업용의②상업적인
2537. downstream:①하류 부문의②흐름을 따른
2538. ecology:생태 환경
2539. economic:①경제의②경기의
2540. elevated:①높은②고상한


2541. eroded:①침식하다②부식하다
2542. eventually:①결국②마침내
2543. fertilizers:비료
2544. fisheries:①어업②수산 회사
2545. groundwater:①지하수②갱내수
2546. impacts:①충돌②영향
2547. increase:①증가하다②늘리다
2548. inputs:①입력②산업
2549. killers:①죽이는 사람②멎게 하는 것
2550. nutrient:영양


2551. pesticides:①농약②살충제
2552. recreational:①휴양의②오락의
2553. regional:①지역의②지방의
2554. sediment:①침전물②앙금
2555. ultimately:①마침내②결국
2556. weed:①잡초②제거하다
2557. accomplish:①성취하다②이루어 내다
2558. emerged:①떠오르다②드러나다
2559. establishing:①수립하다②제정하다
2560. identify:①확인하다②알아보다


2561. identity:①정체성②자신
2562. indicated:①나타내다②가리키다
2563. insights:①통찰②명찰
2564. involved:①관련된②관여하는
2565. minimize:①과소평가하다②줄이다
2566. participant:①참가자②참여자
2567. rapport:①관계②협조
2568. revealing:①드러내다②나타내다
2569. simultaneously:①동시에②일제히
2570. sociological:①사회 조직의②사회의


2571. sociologists:사회학자
2572. strive:①노력하다②애쓰다
2573. altered:①변하다②바뀌다
2574. approved:①승인된②통과된
2575. checkered:①바둑판무늬인②가지각색의
2576. chronically:만성적으로
2577. commercial:①상업용의②상업적인
2578. composed:①구성하다②작곡하다
2579. coppicing:잡목림을 이룬
2580. degrading:①품위를 떨어뜨리는②품격을 낮추는


2581. erosion:①침식②부식
2582. existing:①기존의②존재하는
2583. favored:①부탁②선호하다
2584. habitat:①서식지②생태
2585. hence:①그러므로②앞으로
2586. inhibits:①억제하다②금하다
2587. litter:①쓰레기②한배의 새끼
2588. masked:①마스크②가면
2589. midlatitude:중위도
2590. mosaic:①모자이크②모세의


2591. northwest:①북서②노스웨스트
2592. plots:①음모②줄거리
2593. rainforest:①열대 우림②레인포리스트
2594. reforestation:재식림
2595. regeneration:①갱생②재건
2596. replacing:①대신하다②바꾸다
2597. replanted:①옮겨 심다②재이식하다
2598. saplings:①어린 나무②젊은이
2599. strategy:전략
2600. tropics:①열대 지방의②열대성의


2601. undergrowth:①덤불②나무 그늘의 풀
2602. utilizing:①이용하다②활용하다
2603. alternative:①대안②대체
2604. bias:①편견②치우침
2605. conscious:①의식한②친화적
2606. cumbersome:①성가신②다루기 힘든
2607. excludes:①제외하다②배제하다
2608. gender:①성별②성
2609. inclusive:①일체를 포함한②포괄적인
2610. interpersonal:대인 관계의


2611. masculine:①남성의②남자다운
2612. neutral:①중립②중성
2613. pronoun:대명사
2614. rephrase:고쳐 말하다
2615. sexist:성 차별주의자
2616. terms:①용어②기간
2617. associated:①연관된②관계가 있는
2618. belonging:①속하다②ㅇㅇ의 것이다
2619. consumption:①소비②소비량
2620. contribute:①기여하다②공헌하다


2621. desires:①욕망을 가지다②바라다
2622. differentiation:①차이②분화
2623. distant:①먼②원격의
2624. distinction:①구별②차이
2625. distinctive:①독특한②특유의
2626. fandom:①팬 전체②팬 층
2627. framework:①근거②체제
2628. fundamental:①기본적인②근본적인
2629. identification:①표시②동정
2630. identifying:①확인하다②알아보다


2631. inclusion:①통합②포함
2632. individuals:개인들
2633. mainstream:①주류②대세
2634. opposing:①적대하는②정반대의
2635. optimal:①최선의②가장 바람직한
2636. partially:①부분적으로②일부
2637. satisfy:①만족시키다②충족시키다
2638. selectively:①선별하여②선별적으로
2639. simultaneously:①동시에②일제히
2640. strive:①노력하다②애쓰다


2641. underdog:①패배자②사회적 부정의 희생자
2642. uniqueness:①유례없는 일②독특함
2643. accomplished:①성취하다②이루어 내다
2644. accomplishment:①성취②업적
2645. arbitrary:①임의의②독단적인
2646. chunking:청킹
2647. cognition:①인지②인식
2648. complex:①복잡한②복합의
2649. compositions:①구성②작문
2650. construct:①만들다②건설하다


2651. describing:①묘사하다②말하다
2652. encode:①부호화하다②암호문으로 바꾸다
2653. individual:개인의
2654. phrase:①말②구절
2655. recall:①상기하다②기억하다
2656. reel:①비틀거리다②휘청거리다
2657. rehearsal:①예행 연습②리허설
2658. replay:①다시 하다②재연하다
2659. restarting:①재출발시키다②재시동
2660. retreading:다시 바닥을 붙이다


2661. seemingly:①겉보기에는②언뜻 보기에
2662. sonata:①소나타②주명곡
2663. arise:①발생하다②생기다
2664. attack:①공격하다②발작
2665. basically:기본적으로
2666. cognitive:①인식의②인지의
2667. confirmation:①확인②확증
2668. confirmed:①확인된②승인된
2669. context:①문맥②상황
2670. correction:①교정②수정


2671. criticism:①비판②비난
2672. digesting:①소화하다②먹다
2673. disagreements:①이견②불일치
2674. doctrines:①원칙②독트린
2675. empirical:①경험적인②경험의
2676. endless:①끝없는②무한한
2677. exaggerates:①과장해서 쓰다②과장해서 말하다
2678. factual:①사실에 입각한②사실의
2679. furiously:①극단적으로②미친 듯 날뛰며
2680. hypotheses:①가정하다②가설


2681. interpret:①해석하다②통역하다
2682. lacks:①부족②ㅇㅇ이 없다
2683. mapping:①지도 제작②사상
2684. mechanism:①메커니즘②장치
2685. neglects:①무시②경시
2686. partial:①부분적인②국소
2687. practical:①실용적인②실제적인
2688. primarily:①주로②우선
2689. pseudoscience:의사 과학
2690. pseudoscientist:가짜 과학자


2691. rejects:①거절하다②버리다
2692. sect:①종파②파벌
2693. splitting:①파편②쪼개지는
2694. untestable:유언할 능력이 없는
2695. afterward:①그후②곧 이어
2696. batting:①타격②이불 솜
2697. burst:①터지다②터뜨리다
2698. deserved:①받을 만하다②가치가 있다
2699. dirt:①흙②먼지
2700. fence:①울타리②펜싱


2701. playoff:①재시합②연장전
2702. resumed:①다시 시작하다②다시 차지하다
2703. rivals:①경쟁하는②경쟁자
2704. shedding:①흘리기②빈 껍질
2705. shortstop:①유격수②다른 사람에게 돌리기 전에 덜다
2706. smashed:①치다②강타하다
2707. softball:①소프트볼②그 공
2708. sportsmanship:①스포츠맨 정신②스포츠 정신
2709. sprinted:전속력으로 달리다
2710. substitute:①대체하다②대신


2711. teammates:①팀의 한 사람②단원
2712. thrilled:①스릴②흥분
2713. umpire:①심판②중재하다
2714. uninjured:①상해를 입지 않은②무사한
2715. accommodate:①수용하다②맞추다
2716. additional:①추가의②더
2717. bookshelves:책장
2718. improvements:①개선②향상
2719. maintenance:①유지②관리
2720. minimized:①ㅇㅇ의 양을 최소 한도로 하다②최소 한도로 평가하다


2721. absolutely:①절대적으로②완전히
2722. absorbed:①흡수하다②열중하다
2723. anticipation:①기대②예상
2724. anxiety:①불안②걱정
2725. bowed:①활②인사하다
2726. goosebumps:소름
2727. hostess:①호스티스②여주인
2728. joyful:즐거운
2729. jury:①배심②심사위원
2730. practically:①사실상②실제로


2731. radiated:①방사상으로 퍼져 나가다②빛을 발하다
2732. spotlight:스포트라이트
2733. squeezed:수분을 짜다
2734. trembling:①떨림②전율하는
2735. warmth:①따뜻함②온기
2736. approach:①접근하다②접근법
2737. campus:①캠퍼스②대학
2738. convinced:①확신하는②설득했다
2739. corridor:복도
2740. existing:①기존의②존재하는


2741. isolate:①분리하다②고립시키다
2742. propped:①앞다리를 버티어 딱 서다②받치다
2743. residence:①주택②주거
2744. uncertain:①불확실한②불투명한
2745. absurd:①말도 안되는②터무니없는
2746. acceptance:받아들임
2747. accomplishment:①성취②업적
2748. affiliations:①관계②소속
2749. allies:①ally의 복수형②연합국
2750. basis:①기초②근거


2751. belonging:①속하다②ㅇㅇ의 것이다
2752. critical:①비판적인②중요한
2753. depend:의존하다
2754. essence:①본질②정수
2755. ethnic:①민족의②혈통의
2756. forged:①노②괴철로
2757. freedom:①자유②석방
2758. identification:①표시②동정
2759. identities:①동일함②본인임
2760. identity:①정체성②자신


2761. indeed:①정말로②사실은
2762. liable:①책임 있는②ㅇㅇ해야 할
2763. racial:①인종의②민족의
2764. satisfying:①만족시키다②충족시키다
2765. secure:①확보하다②안전한
2766. threatened:①위협당한②협박당한
2767. unconditional:①무조건의②무제한의
2768. aesthetic:미학의
2769. analytics:①분석론②해석학
2770. capable:①가능성있는②능력있는


2771. capacity:①능력②용량
2772. contextually:맥락과 관련하여
2773. dimensions:①크기
2774. domains:①분야②영토
2775. dominate:①지배하다②장악하다
2776. economic:①경제의②경기의
2777. efficient:효율적인
2778. embedding:①내장된②뿌리박힌
2779. humanities:①인간성②인류
2780. identify:①확인하다②알아보다


2781. narratives:①설명적인②이야기
2782. organizational:①조직적②기관의
2783. qualitatively:질적으로
2784. quantitatively:양적으로
2785. relevant:①관련있는②적절한
2786. significant:①중요한②상당한
2787. societal:①사회의②사회 활동의
2788. stakeholders:건 돈을 보관하는 사람
2789. sustainable:지속 가능한
2790. transformation:①전환②변화


2791. ultimately:①마침내②결국
2792. aware:①알고 있는②인식하는
2793. ceased:①그만두다②종지
2794. clarified:①정화된②맑아진
2795. commas:①콤마②콤마
2796. considerably:①많이②상당히
2797. construct:①만들다②건설하다
2798. diminishing:점감하는
2799. doubtless:①틀림없이②의심할 여지 없이
2800. established:①설립하다②세우다


2801. firmly:①확고하게②강하게
2802. interrupts:①중단하다②개입 중단
2803. nonessential:①비본질적인②불필요한
2804. notation:①표기법②악보법
2805. omitted:①빠뜨리다②안하고 넘어가다
2806. predecessors:①전임자②전에 있던 것
2807. punctuation:①구두점②구두법
2808. tendency:①경향②추세
2809. achieving:①성과를 올리다②성취하다
2810. application:①적용②응용


2811. bubble:①거품②기포
2812. carving:①조각②조각물
2813. complex:①복잡한②복합의
2814. confronted:①직면하다②앞길을 가로막다
2815. converted:①전환하다②바꾸다
2816. decay:①부패②붕괴하다
2817. decline:①감소하다②거절하다
2818. demarcated:①ㅇㅇ의 경계선을 긋다②선으로 구획하다
2819. demarcation:①구분②경계 획정
2820. efficient:효율적인


2821. entertainment:①오락②연예
2822. entirety:①완전한 상태②전부
2823. gleaming:①희미하게 빛나다②비치다
2824. hostile:①적대적인②호전적인
2825. insolvable:①녹지 않는②해결할 수 없는
2826. neglect:①무시②방치하다
2827. renewal:①갱신②재개
2828. scarce:①부족한②희귀한
2829. securing:①안전한②안전하게 보관된
2830. seemingly:①겉보기에는②언뜻 보기에


2831. simulacrum:①상②닮은 모습
2832. strategy:전략
2833. tempting:유혹하는
2834. tourism:①관광②여행
2835. academy:①아카데미②학술원
2836. accumulated:①쌓아 올리다②쌓이다
2837. acquired:①얻다②습득하다
2838. adapted:①개조된②적합한
2839. administrator:①행정관②관리자
2840. enrolled:①등록하다②기록하다


2841. immense:①굉장한②막대한
2842. inclinations:①성향②의향
2843. proceeded:①나아가다②전진하다
2844. prominent:①유명한②두드러진
2845. remarried:재혼시키다
2846. researches:①조사하다②조사하다
2847. additives:①부가적인②첨가물
2848. antibiotics:①항생제②항균
2849. evaluation:①평가②분석
2850. gender:①성별②성


2851. inclined:①마음이 내키는②경향이 있는
2852. percentage:①포인트②비율
2853. pesticides:①농약②살충제
2854. preservatives:①보존하는②보존력이 있는
2855. sorted:①분류하다②정렬하다
2856. wary:①조심하는②신중한
2857. aisle:①통로②매장
2858. annual:①연간의②연례의
2859. arrange:①배치하다②준비하다
2860. brief:①보고서②짧은


2861. luminaria:루미나리아
2862. registration:①등록②접수
2863. twinkling:반짝반짝 빛나는
2864. weighted:①무게를 지운②기운
2865. adjust:①조정되다②적응하다
2866. debit:①차변②차변 기입
2867. hire:①고용하다②채용하다
2868. inserted:①삽입하다②넣다
2869. keypad:①키패드②리모컨
2870. unlock:①열다②잠기지 않은


2871. wheel:①바퀴②자동차
2872. achieving:①성과를 올리다②성취하다
2873. admit:①인정하다②시인하다
2874. appointment:①임명②약속
2875. commit:①저지르다②범하다
2876. deliberately:①의도적으로②고의로
2877. economy:①경제②경기
2878. efficiency:①효율②능률
2879. efficient:효율적인
2880. forcing:①강제②폭행


2881. generalisations:①an idea or conclusion having general application②the process of formulating general concepts by abstracting common properties of instances
2882. intends:①예정하다②향하게 하다
2883. journalist:①기자②언론인
2884. obstacle:①장애②방해
2885. ploy:①상대의 콧대를 꺾는 책략②횡대에서 종대로 한다
2886. politician:정치가
2887. precisely:①정확히②정밀하게
2888. sector:①부문②분야
2889. vague:①모호한②애매한
2890. veil:①베일②가리다


2891. blend:①혼합②혼합물
2892. continuum:①연속②연속체
2893. diluted:①희박해지다②묽어지다
2894. establishes:①수립하다②제정하다
2895. gradation:①단계②그러데이션
2896. identity:①정체성②자신
2897. mixes:①섞다②혼합하다
2898. proportional:①균형 잡힌②비례하는
2899. retains:①유지하다②보유하다
2900. aura:①아우라②전조


2901. ballgame:①구기②야구
2902. broadly:①광범위하게②거리낌없는
2903. checkout:①보다②확인하다
2904. definite:①명확한②분명한
2905. emotional:감정적인
2906. grocery:①식료품②잡화류
2907. hint:①시사②힌트
2908. presence:①존재②영향력
2909. psychological:①심리학의②정신의
2910. aimless:①목적 없는②목적이 없는


2911. continually:①계속해서②지속적으로
2912. function:①기능②역할
2913. independently:①독립적으로②자유롭게
2914. involve:①관련되다②참여하다
2915. paradoxically:①역설적으로②역설적으로 말하면
2916. practical:①실용적인②실제적인
2917. sensations:①감각②센세이션
2918. stocked:①주식②증권
2919. surroundings:①주위의②주변의
2920. unfamiliar:①낯선②익숙지 않은


2921. barely:①거의 ㅇㅇ않다②겨우
2922. deadline:①마감일②데드라인
2923. fellowship:①단체②동료 의식
2924. fondness:①자애②기호
2925. hardship:①고난②어려움
2926. recount:①이야기하다②묘사하다
2927. attack:①공격하다②발작
2928. confuses:①불명확하게 하다②혼란시키다
2929. existence:①존재②현존
2930. herbivore:①초식 동물②유제류


2931. herds:①무리②양치기
2932. lack:①부족②ㅇㅇ이 없다
2933. pursuers:추적자들
2934. territory:①영토②영역
2935. trail:①둘레길②등산로
2936. travelling:①이동②이동하는
2937. tum:①둥②뎅
2938. undisturbed:방해받지 않은
2939. advent:①출현②도래
2940. burgeoning:①급증하는②급성장 하는


2941. consumer:①소비자②고객
2942. critical:①비판적인②중요한
2943. distribution:①분포②분배
2944. economic:①경제의②경기의
2945. economies:①할인 가격으로②경제적인
2946. increase:①증가하다②늘리다
2947. industrial:①산업의②공업의
2948. labor:①노동②근로
2949. manual:①안내책자②수동의
2950. manufacturing:①제조②생산


2951. packaging:①포장②짐꾸리기
2952. production:①생산②제작
2953. purchase:①구매하다②구입하다
2954. complex:①복잡한②복합의
2955. deficiencies:①부족②부족액
2956. deficiency:①부족②결함
2957. explanation:①설명②해명
2958. imposed:①지우다②강요하다
2959. interaction:①상호 작용②관계
2960. lack:①부족②ㅇㅇ이 없다


2961. limited:①한정된②제한을 받은
2962. logical:①논리적인②타당한
2963. restrictions:①제한②제한하는 것
2964. afford:①여유가 있다②할 수 있다
2965. alternatives:①양자택일②한쪽
2966. cash:①현금②돈
2967. charge:①혐의②충전
2968. consolidation:①합병②통합
2969. corporate:①기업의②회사의
2970. corporations:①기업②회사


2971. diversity:①다양성②상이
2972. economic:①경제의②경기의
2973. fees:①요금②축의금
2974. hefty:①크고 튼튼한②커서 움직이기 어려운
2975. increase:①증가하다②늘리다
2976. individual:개인의
2977. interdependence:상호 의존
2978. maintain:①유지하다②계속하다
2979. providers:①제공자②사업자
2980. purchases:①구매하다②구입하다


2981. suppliers:①공급하는 사람②원료 공급국
2982. thriving:①번영하는②번성하는
2983. transaction:①거래②트랜잭션
2984. uniqueness:①유례없는 일②독특함
2985. applications:①적용②응용
2986. atmospheric:①대기의②대기로 이루어진
2987. components:①성분②구성 요소
2988. compressed:①압축하다②습포
2989. cork:①코르크②마개
2990. electronic:①전자기기②전자의


2991. gaseous:①가스의②기체의
2992. industry:①산업②업계
2993. nitrogen:질소
2994. oxidation:산화
2995. production:①생산②제작
2996. pumped:흥분한
2997. reactive:①반응이 빠른②반작용을 나타내는
2998. rotting:①젠장②제기랄
2999. storage:①저장②보관
3000. undesired:바라지 않은


3001. capacities:①수용력 한도까지의②최대한의
3002. capacity:①능력②용량
3003. circulate:①돌다②유통되다
3004. cooperative:협력적인
3005. gossip:①소문②험담
3006. maintenance:①유지②관리
3007. optimal:①최선의②가장 바람직한
3008. primate:①영장류②수석 주교
3009. sustain:①지속하다②부상을 입다
3010. adaptive:①적응할 수 있는②적응하는


3011. alternatives:①양자택일②한쪽
3012. approach:①접근하다②접근법
3013. assess:①평가②결정
3014. assume:①가정하다②생각하다
3015. conditional:조건부의
3016. confirming:①확인된②승인된
3017. contextual:①문맥상의②전후 관계에서 본
3018. depend:의존하다
3019. enable:가능하게하다
3020. examine:①조사하다②검토하다


3021. favored:①부탁②선호하다
3022. inactions:①행동하지 않음②부작위
3023. initial:①처음의②머릿글자로 된
3024. nontarget:①대상 외의②목표 외의
3025. outcomes:①결과②성과
3026. outset:①착수②시작
3027. policies:①방침②정책
3028. policy:①정책②제도
3029. uncertainty:불확실성
3030. yield:①수확②항복


3031. adopt:①채택하다②입양하다
3032. affect:①영향을 주다②작용하다
3033. assumed:①가장한②꾸민
3034. authorities:①권위②권한
3035. authority:①당국②권한
3036. beneficial:①이로운②유익한
3037. compassionately:①연민으로②동정하여
3038. conduct:①실시하다②수행하다
3039. depend:의존하다
3040. designate:①지정하다②지명하다


3041. dilemma:①딜레마②어려운 문제
3042. empowered:권한을 주다
3043. engaging:①애교있는②매력 있는
3044. facilitate:①위하다②촉진하다
3045. formal:①공식적인②정식의
3046. function:①기능②역할
3047. governing:①통치하다②지배하다
3048. individual:개인의
3049. informal:①비공식②비형식
3050. inherent:①내재된②고유의


3051. legitimacy:①적법②정통
3052. motives:①동기②의도
3053. precursors:①선구자②전조
3054. promote:①홍보하다②승진시키다
3055. regulatory:①규제의②조정력을 가진
3056. term:①용어②기간
3057. voluntarily:①자발적으로②자주 적으로
3058. beg:①구걸하다②부탁하다
3059. needless:①불필요한②쓸데없는
3060. plead:①애원하다②호소하다


3061. reserves:①보유하다②보호지역
3062. spectacular:①장관의②화려한
3063. stake:지분
3064. analyst:①분석가②애널리스트
3065. circulated:①돌다②이동하다
3066. condoned:①용서하다②눈감아주다
3067. cooperation:협력
3068. corporation:①기업②회사
3069. crashed:①충돌하다②추락하다
3070. crippling:①지체장애②손상된


3071. departments:①부
3072. expertise:①전문적 기술②전문 기술
3073. firm:①단단한②회사
3074. hubs:①중심적인②허브
3075. inappropriate:①부적당한②알맞지 않은
3076. intranet:①인트라넷②내부 전산망
3077. justify:①정당화하다②그럴만한
3078. overloaded:①초과 적재②과부하
3079. servers:①봉사자②서브하는 사람
3080. singular:①단수의②독특한


3081. specific:①특정한②구체적인
3082. temporarily:①일시적으로②임시로
3083. thematically:주제별로
3084. visually:①시각적으로②시각에 관하여
3085. applications:①적용②응용
3086. broadly:①광범위하게②거리낌없는
3087. bucket:①양동이②버킷
3088. confused:①혼란한②헛갈리는
3089. financial:①금융의②경제의
3090. handed:①손잡이가 있는②손이 있는


3091. joyfully:①기뻐서②기쁜 듯이
3092. stern:①엄중한②강경한
3093. adaptation:①적응②각색
3094. affect:①영향을 주다②작용하다
3095. contrary:①반대의②정반대의
3096. developments:①발달②발달한 상태
3097. disruptions:①붕괴②파열
3098. ease:①완화하다②덜어주다
3099. economic:①경제의②경기의
3100. economy:①경제②경기


3101. endure:①견디다②지속하다
3102. globalization:①세계화②국제화
3103. globalized:①세계화하다②전 세계에 퍼뜨리다
3104. inclusion:①통합②포함
3105. inequalities:①불평등②불균형
3106. innovation:①혁신②획기적인
3107. latter:①후자의②하반기의
3108. policies:①방침②정책
3109. processes:①처리하다②과정
3110. societies:사회


3111. socio:사회의
3112. steer:①조종하다②돌리다
3113. technological:기술적인
3114. transformations:①전환②변화
3115. transition:①변화②전환
3116. uncertainty:불확실성
3117. unfold:①펴다②펼치다
3118. additional:①추가의②더
3119. combining:①결합시키다②합치다
3120. competitors:①경쟁자②선수


3121. copied:①대처하다②맞서다
3122. economies:①할인 가격으로②경제적인
3123. firm:①단단한②회사
3124. harmed:①해치다②손상하다
3125. imitate:①모방하다②흉내내다
3126. imitation:①모방②모조품
3127. industrial:①산업의②공업의
3128. industries:①산업②경영자
3129. industry:①산업②업계
3130. innovate:①혁신하다②쇄신하다


3131. innovation:①혁신②획기적인
3132. isolated:①고립된②절연된
3133. localization:①지방화②국한
3134. modification:①수정②변경
3135. modifying:①변경하다②변형하다
3136. scattered:①뿌려진②흩어져 있는
3137. badge:①배지②증표
3138. belonging:①속하다②ㅇㅇ의 것이다
3139. conflict:①갈등②분쟁
3140. divisive:①구별하는②불화를 일으키는


3141. dumpster:①금속제 대형 쓰레기통②대형 쓰레기 상자
3142. enact:①제정하다②입법하다
3143. humorous:①우스운②유머러스한
3144. incidents:①사건②부수적인 것
3145. indicate:①나타내다②가리키다
3146. informal:①비공식②비형식
3147. initially:①처음에②당초에
3148. laughable:①우스운②우스꽝스러운
3149. membership:회원
3150. multiple:다수의


3151. organizational:①조직적②기관의
3152. perspective:①관점②시각
3153. recounting:①이야기하다②묘사하다
3154. reframes:①다시 구성하다②틀을 다시 붙이다
3155. reinforces:①보강하다②늘리다
3156. spark:①촉발시키다②스파크
3157. subservient:①보조적인②부차적인
3158. unifying:①통합하다②하나로 하다
3159. attitude:①태도②자세
3160. bestseller:①베스트셀러②잘 팔리는 것


3161. centre:중심
3162. conservative:①보수적인②보수주의자
3163. desperately:①절실하게②필사적으로
3164. experiential:①경험에 의한②경험상의
3165. extended:①확장하다②연장하다
3166. interactive:①대화식의②쌍방향의
3167. league:①리그②연맹
3168. medieval:중세의
3169. statistic:①통계량②통계
3170. ultimate:①궁극적인②최종의


3171. additionally:①게다가②또한
3172. congress:①의회②회의
3173. declined:①감소하다②거절하다
3174. deficit:①적자②결손
3175. economy:①경제②경기
3176. needy:①가난한②빈곤한
3177. percentage:①포인트②비율
3178. priorities:①먼저임②우선하는 것
3179. prioritize:①우선시하다②우선순위
3180. priority:①우선②중요


3181. securing:①안전한②안전하게 보관된
3182. security:①보안②안보
3183. strengthening:①강화하다②강하다
3184. abusua:①학대하다②남용하다
3185. ancestors:①조상②선조
3186. asamando:①한 개인으로서②하나의 남자로서
3187. burial:①매장②묘소
3188. ceremonies:①의식②예의
3189. culminates:①끝나게 하다②완결시키다
3190. deceased:①사망한②죽은


3191. distant:①먼②원격의
3192. distributed:①분포된②광범위한
3193. funeral:①장례의②상례
3194. maternal:①어머니의②어머니다운
3195. matriclan:①귀족의②귀족
3196. memorialize:①기념하다②청원서를 제출하다
3197. mortuary:①영안실②매장의
3198. mourners:회개자석
3199. notify:①통보하다②알리다
3200. biologist:생물학자


3201. constant:①일정한②지속적인
3202. discards:①가진 패를 버리다②버리다
3203. immense:①굉장한②막대한
3204. incoming:①들어오는②후임의
3205. laureate:①수상자②월계관을 쓴
3206. molecular:분자의
3207. narrative:①설명적인②이야기
3208. organs:①오르간②기관
3209. processes:①처리하다②과정
3210. reveals:①드러내다②나타내다


3211. sensory:①감각의②지각의
3212. sequence:①서열②순서
3213. temporal:①시간의②관자놀이의
3214. abound:①풍부하다②많이 있다
3215. anecdotes:일화
3216. claims:①주장하다②말하다
3217. cleanses:①깨끗이 되다②세척하다
3218. curse:①저주②욕설
3219. debating:①토론②논의
3220. educational:교육의


3221. entangled:①걸려든②말려든
3222. exaggeration:①과장②과장법
3223. grateful:①감사하는②고마운
3224. manipulate:①조작하다②조종하다
3225. megadosing:①대량 투여②대량 투여하다
3226. navigator:①항해자②조종자
3227. organic:①유기적인②근본적인
3228. preconceived:①선입관②선입견
3229. promoting:①홍보하다②승진시키다
3230. rare:①희귀한②드문


3231. seek:①추구하다②찾다
3232. vaccines:①두묘②백신
3233. valid:①유효한②타당한
3234. arthritic:①관절염의②노화 의
3235. biography:①전기②자서전
3236. cash:①현금②돈
3237. choppiness:①파도가 일렁댐②고르지 못함
3238. crookedly:①구부러져서②부정하게
3239. deathbed:①죽음의 자리②임종
3240. description:①기술②설명


3241. inability:①할 수 없음②무능력
3242. persistence:①고집②지속
3243. persuading:①조르다②확신시키다
3244. prolong:①장기화하다②연장하다
3245. remarked:언급하다
3246. summons:①소환하다②불러내다
3247. youthfulness:①젊음②젊다는 것
3248. buyers:①구매자②바이어
3249. comparison:비교
3250. considerable:①상당한②꽤


3251. consumer:①소비자②고객
3252. convenience:①편의②편리
3253. grocer:식료 잡화점
3254. purchasing:①구매하다②구입하다
3255. restrained:①삼가는②자제된
3256. secure:①확보하다②안전한
3257. trusted:신뢰받고 있는
3258. aggression:①공격②공격성
3259. assess:①평가②결정
3260. diverse:①다양한②여러 가지의


3261. dominated:①지배하다②우뚝 솟다
3262. fostered:①육성하다②증진하다
3263. indicated:①나타내다②가리키다
3264. lack:①부족②ㅇㅇ이 없다
3265. nonpatient:①미불②미납
3266. promoting:①홍보하다②승진시키다
3267. psychological:①심리학의②정신의
3268. questionnaire:①설문지②질문서
3269. ratings:등급 매기기
3270. reductions:①축소②축도


3271. restoration:①복원②복구
3272. restorative:①강장제②복구의
3273. significantly:①크게②현저히
3274. sustained:①지속된②한결같은
3275. unblighted:①불이 밝혀져 있지 않은②점화되어 있지 않은
3276. undistinguished:차이점이 없는
3277. vegetation:①초목②식물
3278. anatomical:①해부의②해부학의
3279. anatomy:①해부학②해부
3280. biographer:전기 작가


3281. biology:생물학
3282. broad:①넓은②광
3283. controlled:①제어②통제당한
3284. credited:①신용②명성
3285. detailed:①세부②상세
3286. experimentation:①실험 작업②실험법
3287. keen:①예민한②예리한
3288. luminary:①발광체②선각자
3289. organs:①오르간②기관
3290. perceived:①인지하다②인식하다


3291. refined:①세련된②정제된
3292. representations:①표현②표상
3293. scholastic:①학교의②학자의
3294. skeleton:골격
3295. wondrous:①놀라운②놀랍게
3296. adopted:①채택하다②입양하다
3297. amalgamations:①결합②아말감법
3298. assumed:①가장한②꾸민
3299. combat:①전투②싸우다
3300. concerns:①우려②관한


3301. contemporary:①현대의②동시대의
3302. divisions:①부②분단
3303. fixtures:정착물
3304. immensely:①광대하게②몹시
3305. imported:①중요하다②수입하다
3306. jujitsu:유도 기술
3307. modernization:①현대화②근대화
3308. muay:태국의 전통 무술
3309. pastime:①오락②취미
3310. rattan:①등②그 줄기


3311. silat:무술
3312. southeast:①동남②남동
3313. applications:①적용②응용
3314. attackers:①공격자②공격 선수
3315. critical:①비판적인②중요한
3316. disclosure:①폭로②발각
3317. disrupt:①방해하다②피해를 주다
3318. effectiveness:①효과적인②유효성
3319. healthcare:①건강 관리②건강 관리의
3320. inappropriate:①부적당한②알맞지 않은


3321. malicious:①악성②악의 있는
3322. mhn:①남자들②사람들
3323. misbehave:①버릇없는 짓을 하다②부정을 저지르다
3324. network:①네트워크②망
3325. phenomena:현상들
3326. preferences:①선호②좋아하기
3327. security:①보안②안보
3328. servers:①봉사자②서브하는 사람
3329. tampered:①변경하다②주무르다
3330. untrusted:옷을 벗은


3331. violate:①위반하다②침해하다
3332. inefficient:①비능률적인②효과 없는
3333. narrative:①설명적인②이야기
3334. plot:①음모②줄거리
3335. primitive:①원시의②원초적인
3336. subtleties:①희박②섬세함
3337. vogue:유행
3338. accompanies:①반주하다②동행하다
3339. atmospheric:①대기의②대기로 이루어진
3340. climatologist:기후학자


3341. cycle:①주기②순환
3342. cyclones:①사이클론②선풍
3343. cyclonic:①사이클론의②사이클론을 닮은
3344. differential:①미분②차등
3345. eruption:①분출②발생
3346. formation:①형성②대형
3347. notable:①주목할 만한②유명한
3348. statistical:①통계의②통계상의
3349. trigger:①촉발②유발하다
3350. volcanic:①화산의②화산 작용에 의한


3351. volcanoes:①화산②금시라도 폭발할 듯한 감정
3352. advised:①조언②권고
3353. beeswax:①밀랍②일
3354. commanded:①명령하다②사령부
3355. cunning:①교활한②노련한
3356. emerged:①떠오르다②드러나다
3357. forewarned:①경고하다②경고하다
3358. goddess:여신
3359. irresistible:①저항할 수 없는②억누를 수 없는
3360. lured:①마음을 끄는 것②미끼


3361. mariners:①선원②매리너
3362. packed:꽉 찬
3363. peril:①위험②위기
3364. perish:①사라지다②죽다
3365. predicted:①예언하다②예보하다
3366. sailed:①돛②항해
3367. undaunted:①굽히지 않는②두려워하지 않는
3368. winged:①날개가 있는②빠른
3369. access:접근
3370. arbenz:①열렬한②열심인


3371. availability:①유용성②유효성
3372. backed:①등가 달린②뒷받침이 있는
3373. commercial:①상업용의②상업적인
3374. compatible:①호환되는②조화하는
3375. concentration:①농축②집중
3376. concessions:①양보②인정
3377. conducted:①실시하다②수행하다
3378. conflict:①갈등②분쟁
3379. considerable:①상당한②꽤
3380. demand:①요구하다②수요


3381. derived:①유래된②유도
3382. economic:①경제의②경기의
3383. ensure:①ㅇㅇ하기 위해②보장하다
3384. firms:회사
3385. formation:①형성②대형
3386. headquarters:①본부②본사
3387. incentives:①인센티브②유인
3388. indirect:간접적인
3389. invest:①투자하다②투입하다
3390. jacobo:야코비


3391. labour:노동
3392. locating:①자리잡다②정착하다
3393. multinational:①다국적 기업②다국적 의
3394. operations:①작용②작업 과정
3395. policy:①정책②제도
3396. political:①정치의②정당의
3397. providing:제공하다
3398. quarrels:①말다툼②싸움의 원인
3399. resulted:①결과②결의
3400. revenue:①매출②수입


3401. seek:①추구하다②찾다
3402. undermining:약화시키다
3403. basis:①기초②근거
3404. behavioral:①행동의②행동에 관한
3405. bias:①편견②치우침
3406. caregiver:돌보는 사람
3407. characteristic:①특성②독특한
3408. consequence:①결과②대가
3409. contribute:①기여하다②공헌하다
3410. discrimination:①차별②편견


3411. eventually:①결국②마침내
3412. exhibit:①전시②전시회
3413. grasping:①이해하다②잡다
3414. increase:①증가하다②늘리다
3415. individual:개인의
3416. infant:①유아의②초기의
3417. interact:①작용하다②교류하다
3418. preference:①선호②좋아하기
3419. proximity:①근접②가까움
3420. reflexive:①재귀의②반응하는


3421. repertoire:①레퍼토리②상연 목록
3422. stimuli:stimulus의 복수형
3423. accuracy:①정확도②정확
3424. challenger:①도전자②수하하는 사람
3425. explosion:①폭발②급증
3426. flashbulb:플래시 전구
3427. humble:①겸손한②초라한
3428. iconic:①상징②대표적
3429. introductory:①소개의②서두의
3430. lack:①부족②ㅇㅇ이 없다


3431. mischief:①장난②악영향
3432. predict:①예측하다②전망하다
3433. questionnaire:①설문지②질문서
3434. recall:①상기하다②기억하다
3435. specific:①특정한②구체적인
3436. vividness:선명함
3437. blunder:①실수하다②머뭇머뭇 걷다
3438. bravery:①용기②용감
3439. declared:①선언된②선포
3440. disqualified:①자격을 잃은②실격이 된


3441. employer:고용주
3442. eventually:①결국②마침내
3443. exhaustion:①기진맥진②고갈
3444. extraordinary:①특별한②뛰어난
3445. horrified:①공포에 휩싸인②충격을 받은
3446. outset:①착수②시작
3447. pastry:①페이스트리②빵과자
3448. plight:①곤경②역경
3449. spectators:관중
3450. streaked:①연속②계속


 

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2021 수능특강 영어독해 단어 DB  (0) 2020.07.10

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m3vk | Since 2005 임희재 | 블루티쳐학원 | 01033383436 | 200710 22:53:52

 

순서배열

 

1. 중3비김 1-1

 

Speak your Mind Effectively!


(A) When he tries to talk to his brother, he always ends up arguing with his brother. Let's find out the reason why he has this problem. You lost my earphones again. Why are you so careless? 1

(B) Welcome to "All about Teens." I'm Dr Carter. Today, we're going to talk about using good communication skills to express ourselves more effectively. Let's start with our first clip about Brian. 0

(C) Brian is starting a sentence with "you" to express his feelings. Instead, he should use the "I-message." Starting with "I" can help him focus on what he feels or thinks rather than point the finger at his brother. I’m really upset because my favorite earphones are lost. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


2. 중3비김 1-2

 

Next is Calli.


(A) Calli needs to find the right time to talk to her mom. Maybe Calli's mom wanted to listen to what Calli was going to say. But she didn't have enough time to talk with her daughter. Calli should pick a time when her mom is ready to listen. 1

(B) She is trying to talk to her mother, but she is busy preparing to go to work. Let's have a look. Hey, Mom. Could I talk to you about something? 0

(C) Hey, Mom. Could I talk to you about something? Sure. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


3. 중3비김 1-3

 

Now, let's take a look at our last clip.


(A) People simply don't like taking orders. Anna should try to use words such as "can," "could," or "please." Then, what she says will sound like a request rather than a demand. 1

(B) Could you put your bag on your desk? As we saw in the video clips, a small change in the way we express ourselves can solve or even prevent communication problems. Let’s keep these tips in mind! 2

(C) Anna and Julie are best friends, but Anna often hurts Julie's feelings. Don’t put your bag on my desk! Julie probably felt uncomfortable because Anna made a demand using the word "don't." 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


4. 중3비김 2-1

 

The World Through My Eyes The beauty of nature inspires us all.


(A) This amazing shape has been created by rainfall. Rain has cut down the stones and made them sharp and spiky over a long period of time. The environment is harsh for animals to live in, but they have found ways to survive. 1

(B) Let's find out how people from different fields of work get inspired by nature. Lin Wang, Ecologist Tsingy, the Stone Forest of Madagascar I've been visiting the stone forest of Madagascar to study plants and animals for over 20 years. The spiky stones of this place are true miracles of nature. 0

(C) For example, lemurs, which only live in Madagascar, have frog-like legs that help them jump from one stone tower to another. For me, the stone forest is like a jack-in-the-box. It always surprises me and keeps me on my toes! 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


5. 중3비김 2-2

 

Amber Smith, Fashion Colorist Caño Cristales, the River of Five Colors of Colombia The world is filled with millions of different colors.


(A) Whenever I visit the Caño Cristales, it makes me think that maybe there are still countless colors that are waiting to be created. 2

(B) You cannot see the wonderful mixed colors of this river anywhere else in the world. The combination of colorful plants under the water and sunlight makes the colors more alive and bright. 1

(C) It is my job to mix, develop, and create colors for clothing. Over the years, I've been gaining insights from the beautiful colors of Caño Cristales. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


6. 중3비김 2-3

 

Danny Mehta, Location Scout Vatnajökull National Park, Frozen Beauty of Iceland I'm a location scout and my job is finding perfect places to shoot movies.


(A) The sharp cliffs, blue glacier caves, and long mountain ranges can stand in for any place in the world or the universe. In fact, the recent sci-fi movie we shot here was produced without using computer graphics! 1

(B) Iceland is the best place for many location scouts to visit due to its unusual beauty. My personal favorite is the Vatnajökull National Park. 0

(C) Iceland can help make our wildest dreams come true on the movie screen. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


7. 중3비김 3-1

 

The Secret of My Father In 1946, a strange man visited me and asked, "Are you Mr. Kim Yonghwan's daughter?"


(A) For me, this was an odd question because I was more used to being called the daughter of a parakho. 0

(B) You may wonder if it is true, but your father," the man said. At that moment, I was expecting disappointing news since I did not have good memories of my father. 2

(C) "I'm your father's friend. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


8. 중3비김 3-2

 

Back in the 1920's, whenever people saw me in the village, they would say, "There goes the parakho's daughter."


(A) Go and tell him that we have no more money left," my mother would tell me whenever she sent me to the gambling house. Then, my father would yell at me angrily, "Why did you come empty-handed? Bring me more money!" 2

(B) That is why he was called a parakho, which means someone who ruins his family's fortune. "Your father has gambled away all of the money, and now he's asking for more. 1

(C) My father was a son from a very rich family. Instead of living the life of a seonbi, he was always at the gambling house. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


9. 중3비김 3-3

 

When I was sixteen years old, my family had already made an arrangement for me to marry Mr. Seo.


(A) What should we do now?" "We have no choice. You'll have to take your aunt's old chest," my mother said. 1

(B) As part of the wedding tradition, Mr. Seo's family sent my family some money to buy a new chest for clothes. Right before the wedding day, my mother came into my room and said, "Your father has taken the money for the chest." I asked angrily, "How could he do such a horrible thing? 0

(C) "How embarrassing for the family," people would whisper behind my back. Since the first day of marriage, life at my husband's house had been difficult for me. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


10. 중3비김 3-4

 

"Your father, my dear friend," my father's friend continued his story.


(A) "He was not a gambler. Your father sent the family money to the independence fighters in Manchuria. 0

(B) But afterwards, I found out the truth about my father and I realized that I had been wrong about him. Ever since that moment, I have been proud to be the daughter of a parakho who had devoted his life to the independence movement. 2

(C) He made himself look like a gambler to keep this a secret from the Japanese officers." At first, I was not sure if he was telling the truth. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


11. 중3비김 4-1

 

The Junk Orchestra written by a music blogger, Lucy White The world sends us garbage, we send back music.


(A) The musical group was called "The Junk Orchestra." They played instruments made entirely out of garbage. 1

(B) "The world sends us garbage, we send back music." This was written on the back of a concert ticket I was given. 0

(C) I could not imagine what kind of sound these instruments would make, so I was eager to find out. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


12. 중3비김 4-2

 

Before the concert, I thought that the instruments might sound strange.


(A) I was so into the music that I forgot that they were playing with instruments made from recycled materials. 2

(B) After a few minutes, a group of young people began to walk on the stage. The first thing I noticed was their instruments: a cello made out of a shiny oil tank, a violin made with forks, and a flute made with a water pipe and buttons. 0

(C) The concert began with a girl playing Bach's Cello Suite No 1 on her shiny cello. I was shocked by the deep sound. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


13. 중3비김 4-3

 

After the concert, I was eager to write a story about the orchestra.


(A) I met Favio Chávez, the conductor, and asked him about the orchestra. 0

(B) Favio Chávez: When I went to a small town called Cateura in Paraguay to work on a recycling program in 2005, I saw children living in a town that was mostly filled with garbage. I wanted to add something positive to their lives, so I decided to share my love of music with them. 2

(C) Lucy White: Why did you start The Junk Orchestra? 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


14. 중3비김 4-4

 

Lucy White: Why did you use garbage to make instruments?


(A) Favio Chávez: One person's garbage is another person's treasure. Nicolás Gómez, a local garbage picker, helped me a lot. He made it possible for children to play music by making instruments out of garbage. 0

(B) After interviewing Chávez, I realized that it really doesn't matter what instrument you play with as long as you put your heart into playing it. The children of Cateura showed me that an orchestra is formed by people, not by instruments. 2

(C) The wonderful thing about these instruments was that the children didn't have to worry about spending a lot of money on them. Lucy White: What do you want people to learn through your music? Favio Chávez: I want people to know that even something worthless can make inspiring music. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


15. 중3비김 4-5

 

Comments Annie (23 seconds ago) So moving to see how music can change lives.


(A) Kate (5 days ago) Not only do these talented young people deliver great music, but they also bring serious environmental problems to our attention. 2

(B) Thomas (1 minute ago) After the concert, I found it possible to inspire people by music played with recycled instruments. 1

(C) The power of music is endless! 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


16. 중3비김 5-1

 

Can You Spot Fake News?


(A) Nevertheless, there have been various fake news reports throughout history. Why have some people written such false information? Let's look into some articles thinking about the hidden motives behind them. 2

(B) Every day we watch, hear, or read interesting news. However, have you ever seriously considered whether an article is really true? 0

(C) Everyone likes an interesting news story but what if it is completely made up? Fake news can be very harmful in that it can make people less informed or even misled. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


17. 중3비김 5-2

 

AWFUL DISASTER Last night, an angry group of rhinoceroses broke down the walls of the cage at the zoo and escaped.


(A) They also broke down the walls of the other wild animals' cages. These animals ran down the streets and injured hundreds of people. Twelve of the animals are still on the loose. Citizens should stay indoors until further notice.0

(B) Some tried to escape the city while others went into the parks with guns to hunt the animals. So why did The Herald make up such news? Later, they confessed that they made it up so that they could draw the readers' attention to the unsafe conditions at the zoo. 2

(C) *Not a single act or incident described above has taken place. At that time, those who read the article carefully laughed out loud. Those who didn't read it to the end got really worried. Not knowing the news was false, many people panicked. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


18. 중3비김 5-3

 

SLAV SHOOTS A FRIEND IN ARGUMENT Mejk Swenekafew, a Slav worker at the Columbia Coal Mine, was shot and seriously wounded by John Pecitello near the mining camp Thursday evening.


(A) The police are searching for him now and are warning citizens that he is extremely dangerous. 2

(B) The two men had an argument during a meeting. The argument led to a fight, and Pecitello shot Swenekafew twice, in the chest and leg. 0

(C) He is now at the hospital in critical condition. Pecitello ran away after the shooting. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


19. 중3비김 5-4

 

Is there anything strange about the article?


(A) Read the Slav's name backwards;. it spells "we-fake-news." 0

(B) The Daily News published the same article about "Swenekafew" the next day and thus got caught stealing. The people at The Daily News had to admit their act and were harshly criticized by the public. 2

(C) Who wrote this and why? The Daily Telegram published this fake article so that they could prove if The Daily News, their competitor, was stealing their articles. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


20. 중3비김 5-5

 

The two articles were special cases, but there are many "fake" news articles published every day.


(A) Can we trust the writer? CHECK the Date Is it a new or an old story? Is it related to current events? 1

(B) As readers, we need to read critically and judge whether the news is real or fake. How to spot fake news! CONSIDER the Source Is it from a reliable source? 0

(C) READ BEYOND the Headlines Does the headline match the content? FIND Supporting Sources Do other related stories provide similar contents? 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


21. 중3비김 6-1

 

A Father's Wisdom A rich and wise father had two sons, Puru and Puneet.


(A) Before he passed away, he called his two sons to give them some last words of advice. "Listen carefully, my dear sons. 0

(B) Sleep comfortably. Enjoy your food. Lastly, spend money like a rich man...." Before he could explain himself, he passed away. 2

(C) Live by these words throughout your life, and you will be happy," he said. "Build a house in every city. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


22. 중3비김 6-2

 

After his death, the two sons took their share of the father's wealth and settled in different cities.


(A) But his brother was richer than ever. Puru was puzzled about where he had gone wrong, so he visited Puneet to find out. 2

(B) Puru, who had been following his father's words carefully, had no money left. 1

(C) Five years passed. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


23. 중3비김 6-3

 

Puneet welcomed Puru with open arms.


(A) That night, when the brothers sat down to chat after dinner, Puru asked the question that had been on his mind for days. "It was our father's advice that I followed, but I am not happy. I built a house in every city. 0

(B) But look at me now! I am empty-handed. Did you not follow our father's wisdom? Tell me, brother, how did you get so rich?" 2

(C) But because I could not always stay there, I hired people and had the house looked after. Father said we should sleep comfortably and enjoy our food, so I had my bed designed by experts and my meals prepared by a great chef. He told us to spend like a rich man, so I bought what I wanted without worrying about money. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


24. 중3비김 6-4

 

Puneet smiled and said, "My dear brother, I also followed our father's wisdom.


(A) So I made friends in every city and I stayed at their houses when I visited those cities. Also, I slept comfortably each night because I would be tired after a hard day's work, and it did not matter if I was sleeping on a bed or on the hard floor. 1

(B) I ate only when I was hungry, so even a simple meal tasted great." 2

(C) But I understood it a bit differently. When he said 'build a house in every city,' I took it as having a place to stay all around the world. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


25. 중3비김 6-5

 

"Spend money like a rich man?"


(A) So, I tried to spend money on something that would bring me back more money rather than on luxurious things. For me, it was this wisdom that our father tried to explain." 1

(B) continued Puneet. "A rich man knows how to make money grow. 0

(C) Now Puru realized how foolish he had been. With this wisdom in mind, Puru started a new life. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


26. 중3비김 7-1

 

Why We Buy What We Buy Have you ever wondered why you've bought things that you don't even want or need?


(A) 0

(B) Let's consider what affects us when it comes to buying things. 2

(C) 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


27. 중3비김 7-2

 

Why do I want to buy what my friends bought?


(A) Jeff goes to the shopping center and sees a pair of soccer shoes on display. He recognizes the shoes at a glance because more than half of the boys on his soccer team wear them. 0

(B) A bandwagon is a wagon in a parade that encourages people to jump aboard and enjoy the music. As more and more people get on the bandwagon, others are more likely to get on or follow it. In this way, people tend to buy something just because other people have bought it. 2

(C) Although he already has many pairs of soccer shoes, he ends up buying another new pair. We can use the "bandwagon effect" to explain Jeff's behavior. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


28. 중3비김 7-3

 

Why do I buy a pair of pants and a bag after I have bought a new coat?


(A) So, she buys a new bag. Most of her money is spent on buying the new items to complete her new look. What made Lisa search for new items immediately after buying a new coat? The "Diderot effect" may explain it. 1

(B) Denis Diderot, a French writer, received a new gown as a gift. Soon after receiving the gift, he noticed that all of his furniture did not go well with his new gown. So, he ended up replacing most of it. The Diderot effect, therefore, is the concept that purchasing a new item often leads to more unplanned purchases. 2

(C) Lisa buys a coat that she really loves. Immediately, she realizes that her pants do not match her new coat. So, she buys new pants that go perfectly with her new coat. But she sees that none of her bags match her new clothes. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


29. 중3비김 7-4

 

Why do I buy things just because they are on sale?


(A) Nathan goes window shopping and sees a pair of headphones. He checks the price and finds out that they are $200. He thinks that the headphones are too expensive. 0

(B) The price mentioned first affects our opinion of prices mentioned afterwards. For example, if we start with $200, then $160 will seem cheap in comparison. Furthermore, as the difference of the two prices becomes bigger, the effect will be more powerful. As such, the price mentioned first acts as an "anchor" that fixes our thoughts about the price of an item. 2

(C) The sales person approaches him and says, "You can get a 20 percent discount on those headphones." Even though the discounted price is still not very cheap, Nathan decides to buy the headphones. The situation described above is an example of the "anchoring effect." 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


30. 중3비김 7-5

 

Just like Jeff and his friends, we tend to buy things without seriously considering why we are buying them.


(A) As these effects have shown, many things influence our purchases. 0

(B) 2

(C) The next time you decide to buy something, think for a moment about why you are buying it. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


31. 중3비김 8-1

 

Wormholes: Fact or Theory?


(A) So, if we travel at the speed of light, we should be able to get to another planet in the blink of an eye, right? Dr Sci: That would be nice, but space is so vast that it is not possible. In the movie, Passengers, a spaceship headed to a different planet travels at one-half the speed of light. 1

(B) So it should get to another planet very quickly, right? But, the passengers sleep for 120 years because it is expected to take that much time to get to a different planet. 2

(C) Sci Teen: Hi, science fans. Today, we're going to talk about space travel. As we all know, there is nothing faster than light in the universe. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


32. 중3비김 8-2

 

Sci Teen: 120 years?


(A) Imagine a worm is on this apple. It detects something sweet at the bottom and wants to move from the top to the bottom. For the worm, the apple's surface is as vast as our universe. 1

(B) Wow, that's a long time! Is there a faster way to travel through space? Dr Sci: Well, in order to answer that question, I'd like you to think about this apple for a second. 0

(C) Now the worm can either move around the outer layer or down a wormhole. Which do you think it will choose? Well, it would choose the wormhole because it is a shortcut. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


33. 중3비김 8-3

 

Sci Teen: Is there such a shortcut in the universe?


(A) Now, take the paper and fold it with the dots matched up. Punch a hole in the paper and the dots will be instantly connected. Like this, wormholes in space may contain two mouths, with a throat connecting the two. 2

(B) Dr Sci: According to some researchers, yes. Einstein figured out that space and time are connected, and he called it space-time. He thought that space-time could actually be bent. 0

(C) When it is bent, parts that are far away from each other are suddenly closer. To understand this, take a sheet of paper and make a small dot at the top of the paper and another at the bottom of the paper. On a flat sheet of paper, the dots are far away from one another. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


34. 중3비김 8-4

 

Sci Teen: Just like a wormhole in the apple, right?


(A) Wormholes exist in theory only. Sci Teen: So all we need to do is find one, right? 1

(B) Dr Sci: Even if we find one, there are many things to consider before actually going through one. A wormhole would be very unstable. If a spaceship flew into one, it might be crushed or broken into pieces. 2

(C) If such wormholes existed in space, we could get to places billions of light-years away quickly! Dr Sci: Yes, but it's too early to celebrate. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


35. 중3비김 8-5

 

Sci Teen: Ouch!


(A) We've achieved so many things that seemed impossible at first. Who knows? Maybe you can be the one to find the answer! 2

(B) Dr Sci: I wouldn't say so. The debate about wormholes is still ongoing, but with persistent exploration and research, I believe we will eventually find one and learn how to travel through it. Look back at our history. 1

(C) That's not a pretty picture. So, are we hopeless? Is traveling in space through a wormhole simply an idea that only exists in theory? 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


[ANSWER]
1. ② 2. ② 3. ④ 4. ② 5. ⑤ 6. ② 7. ① 8. ⑤ 9. ② 10. ①


11. ② 12. ③ 13. ① 14. ① 15. ⑤ 16. ③ 17. ① 18. ③ 19. ① 20. ②


21. ① 22. ⑤ 23. ① 24. ④ 25. ② 26. ① 27. ① 28. ④ 29. ① 30. ①


31. ④ 32. ② 33. ③ 34. ④ 35. ⑤ 

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m2vk | Since 2005 임희재 | 블루티쳐학원 | 01033383436 | 200710 22:53:52

 

순서배열

 

1. 중2비김 1-1

 

Stay Tuned for My Story.


(A) I get ideas when I'm on the bus, in the shower, or in my bed. I write down my ideas and use them when I write my rap. There are no rules for writing raps. You can start today! 2

(B) Hey, I'm MC Joy. Do you want to write your own rap? You can rap about anything because everything can be a story for a rap. 1

(C) Rap it out. Open your mind, open your heart. Look around and let's rap it out. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


2. 중2비김 1-2

 

Welcome to Fantastic Pets!


(A) So, I placed my T-shirt in her cage and she got used to my smell. Finally, I was able to hold her in my hands. Now, Polly is my best friend and always makes me happy. 2

(B) When I first got Polly, she was very scared. I couldn't hold her because she raised her spikes. 1

(C) Having a pet is great. Today I'm going to introduce my pet hedgehog, Polly. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


3. 중2비김 1-3

 

Welcome back to Handy Tips.


(A) Step 2: Close one eye and open it. Step 3: Repeat it with the other eye. When does your finger move? Is it when you close your right eye? 1

(B) Then you mainly use your right eye. This means you should sit on the left side in the theater. That way, you can enjoy a full view of the screen better. This information is also helpful when you choose a seat in a classroom, too. 2

(C) Where do you normally sit in a movie theater? Here is a tip. You will find it easy and helpful. Step 1: Point your finger at something far from you. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


4. 중2비김 2-1

 

Dolls around the World.


(A) If you see me, it is your lucky day. 2

(B) So people think chimney sweeps bring them good luck. People even want chimney sweeps to be at their weddings! 1

(C) I'm from Germany and my job is to clean chimneys. During winter, chimney sweeps help people to keep warm and safe. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


5. 중2비김 2-2

 

These are my mariachi band members.


(A) We mariachi players want our sombreros to look fancy. So we often decorate them with a lot of different materials. 1

(B) We play folk music and always wear our sombreros, or big hats. In Mexico, people wear these hats to stay cool under the hot and strong sunlight. 0

(C) Which of our sombreros do you like best? 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


6. 중2비김 2-3

 

My name is Ayanda and I'm a Zulu.


(A) They are beautiful and each color has a special meaning. When we did not have our own writing system, we used beads to communicate with each other. If you want to know the meaning of the colors, check out the following box. 1

(B) We are a tribe in South Africa. What do you think of my beads? Zulu people enjoy making clothes with beads. 0

(C) If you want to send someone a special message, you can express yourself with these beads. What message do you want to make? 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


7. 중2비김 3-1

 

Possible or Impossible?


(A) With her hair, Rapunzel has the ability to hold up a person. But she should wrap her hair around something strong and heavy. If she doesn't, she will get a very sore neck. 2

(B) But could human hair really hold up a person? Surprisingly, yes! A single hair can hold up 100 g and an average head has about 120,000 hairs. All those hairs could hold up a couple of elephants! 1

(C) In animation movies, amazing things are possible. But are they actually possible in real life? Let Down Your Hair, Rapunzel! In the animation, Rapunzel must lower her long hair to let people in her tower. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


8. 중2비김 3-2

 

We Scare for Energy.


(A) That is only 1/4400 of the average 220 v of electricity in our homes. So, we would need an unbelievable amount of screams to light up an entire city.2

(B) Yes, sound can be changed into electricity. But it would not be helpful in our everyday activities because the amount is too small. For example, the sound from a car horn only produces 50 mv. 1

(C) In the animation, monsters scare children to get energy from their screams. Amazingly, their city is powered by this sound! But could we actually produce electricity to light up a city from sound? 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


9. 중2비김 3-3

 

Up, Up and Away!


(A) We also have to think about the weight of the balloons themselves and the strings. Then, we need to add a few more thousand balloons. Now, the biggest challenge is pumping up all those balloons! 2

(B) Let's say that a house weighs about 50,000 kg. A normal balloon at an amusement park can lift about 14 g. So we need about 3,570,000 balloons to lift up the house. 1

(C) The house is lifted and flown by thousands of balloons in the animation. Could that actually work? 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


10. 중2비김 4-1

 

Seconds from Winning.


(A) At the go-kart race track, there are many people who are cheering excitedly. 0

(B) An official waves a green flag and the race starts! 2

(C) The karts that are making loud engine noises are waiting. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


11. 중2비김 4-2

 

Max pushes his foot down hard on the gas pedal as he completes his sixth lap on the track.


(A) The winner gets to meet the world famous racer Richards! He doesn't want to miss the chance to meet his role model. 2

(B) On the straightaway, Max pulls right beside the race's leader, Simon. Last year, Simon won many races, but Max's best result in a race was coming in fifth place. 0

(C) This time, he has a chance to finish second. But he isn't going to be satisfied with second place today. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


12. 중2비김 4-3

 

Max completes the tenth lap and now has five more laps to go.


(A) Max sees Simon's kart ahead, just out of Max's reach. Max's kart gets closer and closer to Simon's. It almost hits the back end of Simon's kart. They drive into the straightaway and Max presses harder on the gas pedal. 0

(B) "I can do it!" Max says loudly. He can feel his heart beating hard. The karts rush across the finish line. Who is the winner? 2

(C) "I can catch up," says Max. Max sees the official waving a white flag which means the last lap. Max is right behind Simon. The finish line is getting closer, and the cheering from the crowd is getting louder. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


13. 중2비김 4-4

 

Max's eyes are filled with tears as he finds out that he came in second.


(A) 'Did I do my best?' thinks Max. After a moment, he smiles. "Yeah, I guess I did." 2

(B) "It was a real close race. Even though you didn't win the race, you did your best. That's the thing that counts!" says Richards. 1

(C) "No need for tears, kid," says a man's voice. Max can't believe his eyes. The man who is standing in front of him is Richards! "Thank you, but I'm not the winner," says Max. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


14. 중2비김 5-1

 

Voices in our Mind.


(A) Anger: Jenny pointed out the mistake that Bella made. How could she do that in front of everyone? Joy: But I'm sure Jenny did not mean to hurt Bella. They have been best friends since elementary school. Remember? Anger: That's what I'm saying. 1

(B) A true friend would never put Bella down like that. Fear: I'm worried that they are not going to be friends anymore. Joy: Come on, Fear. Don't go too far. We'll see. 2

(C) Bella is 15 years old this year and these days her feelings are going up and down. Today, she looks down. Let's listen to Bella's feelings and find out why. (Day 1) Anger: What a day! I can't believe Jenny yelled at Bella after the school play. Sadness: Well, that's because Bella forgot her lines on stage. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


15. 중2비김 5-2

 

(Day 2) Anger: I can't forgive Jenny.


(A) Bella should just go and tell her about her feelings. Fear: I don't want Bella to be hurt again. She should let it go. Joy: They are good friends. They will work it out. 2

(B) She didn't say a word to Bella. Fear: Jenny didn't even look at her. Jenny has never been this cold before. Sadness: Bella ate alone during lunch today.0

(C) Poor Bella! Joy: Jenny is Bella's best friend. I'm sure there is a reason that we don't know about. Anger: I can't stand this any longer. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


16. 중2비김 5-3

 

(Day 3) Joy: Whew!


(A) I'm so happy that they are talking again. Anger: Yeah, Bella went to Jenny and talked to her first. Joy: Jenny didn't avoid Bella on purpose. 0

(B) But problems are part of growing up. Just like this time, Bella will face the problems, solve them, and become wiser in the end. 2

(C) Sadness: Yeah, Jenny didn't know a way to say sorry. Fear: I hope Bella doesn't have any more problems like this. Joy: Me, too. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


17. 중2비김 6-1

 

The Footprints of a Baby Elephant.


(A) I saw a baby elephant drinking water beside her mother. Her eyes were as bright as stars. I gave her a name, Stella. 1

(B) Around noon, I saw a group of lions approaching Stella. The elephants stood around Stella and made a thick wall. Thanks to them, Stella was safe. 2

(C) Today was my first day in Africa. I took lots of pictures of elephants. This morning, I found an elephant group by a small water hole. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


18. 중2비김 6-2

 

Around sunset, I heard a strange sound.


(A) I called the elephant shelter and asked for help. I decided to stay by her until the rescue team came. 2

(B) What's more, it was going to be dark soon. Elephants can't see well at night. So Stella could easily be attacked. 1

(C) I followed the sound and found Stella crying next to her mom. She was lying dead and Stella was alone. It is dangerous to stay alone in such a wild area. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


19. 중2비김 6-3

 

The night was dark and quiet.


(A) I hope Stella stays safe throughout the night. 2

(B) I kept my eyes on Stella with my night camera. Stella was still next to her mom. 0

(C) She was touching her mom's lifeless body with her nose. It was sad to see Stella staying close to her mom. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


20. 중2비김 6-4

 

A new elephant group appeared and Stella approached them.


(A) An elephant, probably the oldest female allowed Stella to become part of the group. The other elephants also seemed to welcome Stella. 1

(B) Unbelievably, one of the female elephants fed Stella. She cared for Stella as warmly as Stella's mom did. This was such an amazing moment! 2

(C) At first, I thought that they would not let Stella in their group. But I was wrong. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


21. 중2비김 7-1

 

The More You See, The More You Know.


(A) Today, we'll look at two paintings closely and I'll help you see interesting details. 2

(B) Welcome to the World Art Museum tour. When you go to an art museum, how much time do you spend looking at each painting? 0

(C) Many visitors glance at one painting for only a few seconds before they move on. But you might miss the important details of paintings since it is hard to notice them right away. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


22. 중2비김 7-2

 

Look at this painting first.


(A) The seaside landscape is so peaceful and beautiful, isn't it? The title of this painting is Landscape with the Fall of Icarus. So, can you see where Icarus is? Do you see two legs that are sticking out of the water near the ship? 0

(B) So, the wax melted and he fell into the water. Now, look at the entire painting again. Despite the tragedy of Icarus, people are going on with their everyday activities. Does the painting still look peaceful? What do you think the artist is trying to tell us? 2

(C) This is Icarus in the famous myth in Greece. In the myth, Icarus' father made wings for him with feathers and wax and told him to stay away from the sun. However, Icarus didn't listen. He flew too close to the sun. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


23. 중2비김 7-3

 

Now, let's move on to the next painting.


(A) The young princess seems to be the main person because she is in the center of the painting. But the title of the painting is The Maids of Honour. Then, is the artist drawing the two women beside the princess? Take a close look. 1

(B) Do you see the artist behind the large canvas? He is Diego Velázquez, and he actually painted this picture. Who do you think he is painting? Take a quick look. 0

(C) It will make you wonder about the painting more. Try to see which direction the artist is looking at. Can you see the king and the queen in the mirror in the background of the painting? Who do you think he is painting now? 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


24. 중2비김 8-1

 

My Tech-Free Trip Story.


(A) My sister and I explained the need for smartphones, but he kept saying that we could not fully enjoy the trip with them. So we started a technology-free trip to a new city, Barcelona, Spain. 2

(B) Last summer, my father suggested a surprising event: a family trip without smartphones! 0

(C) He said, "I hate to see you sitting together and only looking at your smartphones." 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


25. 중2비김 8-2

 

Our first day was terrible.


(A) Even though our guesthouse was right next to the Plaza, it took us about two hours to get there. We were so tired that we could not go out for dinner. 1

(B) On the way to our guesthouse around Plaza Reial, we got lost in downtown Barcelona. Dad was busy looking at the map and asking for directions with a few Spanish words he got from a tour guidebook. 0

(C) I went to bed but couldn't fall asleep because I was worried about what would happen the next day. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


26. 중2비김 8-3

 

After looking around Gaudi's Park Guell, we decided to have seafood fried rice for lunch.


(A) The seafood fried rice was amazing. I really wanted to take pictures of the food and post them on my blog. But without my phone, I just decided to enjoy the moment. 2

(B) Luckily, she seemed to understand Mom's few Spanish words. She took us to a small local restaurant nearby. 1

(C) However, we didn't know which restaurant to go to. We needed help, so Mom went up to an elderly lady and tried to ask for directions to a popular seafood restaurant. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


27. 중2비김 8-4

 

During the remaining days, we relied more and more on the locals.


(A) They were always kind enough to show us different sides of Barcelona with a smile. 1

(B) Also, our family talked a lot with each other. We spent much of our time together on the Spanish train, on the bus, and at the restaurants. 2

(C) We were able to meet and talk with various people on the streets, in the bakeries, and in the parks. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


28. 중2비김 8-5

 

Our technology-free trip was a new and different experience.


(A) Before the trip, I was so dependent on my smartphone that I couldn't do anything without it. But now I see that I can enjoy the moment without it. 0

(B) Probably not. But I will try to use it more wisely. 2

(C) From the experience, I have learned the importance of a balanced use of the smartphone. So, next time, would I travel without a smartphone? 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


[ANSWER]
1. ⑤ 2. ⑤ 3. ④ 4. ⑤ 5. ② 6. ② 7. ⑤ 8. ⑤ 9. ⑤ 10. ①


11. ③ 12. ① 13. ⑤ 14. ④ 15. ③ 16. ① 17. ④ 18. ⑤ 19. ③ 20. ④


21. ③ 22. ① 23. ② 24. ③ 25. ② 26. ⑤ 27. ④ 28. ① 

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m2nk | Since 2005 임희재 | 블루티쳐학원 | 01033383436 | 200710 22:53:52

 

순서배열

 

1. 중2능김 1-1

 

All About Selfies!


(A) Selfie became a new word in the dictionary in 2013. Buzz Aldrin took the first space selfie in 1966. 2

(B) Are you interested in selfies? You probably like to post selfies on social media, but how much do you know about selfies? 0

(C) Here are some interesting facts. Robert Cornelius took the world's first selfie in 1839. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


2. 중2능김 1-2

 

Selfie Survey.


(A) Do you use filters on your selfies to look good? Where do you usually take selfies? Surprisingly, 90 percent of the girls take selfies, but only 15 percent of the boys take selfies. Also, 93 percent of these students said that they use filters. The survey also showed that the students take selfies at school the most. 1

(B) Taking selfies is part of daily life for many teens, but do teens really enjoy it? To find out, we did a survey. We asked three questions to 300 students from ages 14 to 16. Let's look at the results. Do you take selfies? 0

(C) Check out some of the students' comments. Lewis, 14, England: Selfies are awesome. Making silly faces is really fun! Minwoo, 16, Korea: I enjoy taking selfies, but some students spend too much time doing it. Kate, 15, Denmark: My pictures look good when I use filters. But sometimes my selfies don't look like me. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


3. 중2능김 1-3

 

Selfie Etiquette.


(A) Leave nice comments on other people's selfies. Don't be rude. That sounds easy, doesn't it? Follow these tips and have fun with your selfies! 2

(B) You should follow etiquette for selfies. Ask yourself these questions before you take, post, or look at selfies. Where am I? Choose appropriate places to take selfies. Don't take selfies in hospitals or public restrooms. 0

(C) It may bother other people. Who can see this? Keep in mind that anyone can see your selfies. Choose carefully when you post them. What kinds of comments should I leave? 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


4. 중2능김 2-1

 

School Lunches Around the World.


(A) Sometimes our school serves special dishes, such as pizza, Bibimbap, or pasta. What do students who live in other countries eat for lunch? Let's hear from our food reporters! 2

(B) In Korea, we often eat rice and soup for lunch. We also have side dishes, such as Bulgogi or Gimchi. 1

(C) Hello, this is food reporter Minjun from Korea. For many students, lunch is the best part of the school day. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


5. 중2능김 2-2

 

Our school serves healthy and balanced meals.


(A) Meat and vegetables are common in our side dishes. My favorite lunch comes with plantains. A plantain is a fruit which looks like a banana. We usually fry plantains. Our school lunches are fresh because the vegetables and fruit come from local farms. 2

(B) They're great with cheese. Our school also has a special rule. We must stay at the lunch table for at least 30 minutes. Bruno, Brazil Usually, we have beans and rice for lunch. 1

(C) We usually eat a salad as an appetizer. Main dishes often include meat or fish. We also eat fresh fruit at the end of the lunch. Oh, I can never forget about baguettes! 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


6. 중2능김 2-3

 

People who live in Singapore come from many different cultures, so we have both Eastern and Western dishes at lunch.


(A) Our lunches are always healthy, and they taste good, too! Which school lunch do you want to try? 1

(B) Students can choose from many dishes, such as curry, noodle soup, or pasta, each day. My school won an award for healthy school food last year. 0

(C) Does it have anything in common with your school lunch? Please leave your comments at www.chopchoplunch.com. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


7. 중2능김 3-1

 

Traditional Korean Symbols.


(A) Look at this pillow. Peter: What are these things? Mina: They're bats. Peter: Bats on my pillow? That's scary! 1

(B) Mina: Not really. In Korea, bats are symbols of luck and a long life. Peter: That's surprising. In many Western countries, bats remind people of darkness and scary things. 2

(C) Peter is visiting Korea to meet a friend, Mina, from a sister school. Peter is going to stay at her grandfather's house for a week. When he arrives, Mina shows him the guest room. Mina: Peter, you will stay here. This guest room is full of traditional Korean things. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


8. 중2능김 3-2

 

Mina shows Peter her grandfather's room.


(A) Peter: That's interesting. Grandfather: We think fish can watch over valuable things. That's why this lock looks like a fish. Peter: Now I understand. 2

(B) Peter and Mina's grandfather meet and greet each other. Grandfather: Hi, Peter! Have you ever seen this kind of lock before? Peter: No, I haven't. 0

(C) It's so old that I can't really tell, but is it a fish? Grandfather: Yes. For a long time, Koreans have thought that fish are good guards. Fish don't close their eyes, even when they sleep. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


9. 중2능김 3-3

 

They go outside and walk around the garden.


(A) Grandfather: Put the drawing above your door. Then it will protect you. Peter: Yes, I will. Peter's Diary May 28 I'm enjoying this trip so much that I want to stay longer. I love all the traditional Korean symbols in this house. Now I understand a lot of them. I want to visit Korea again with my family. 2

(B) For many years, Koreans have believed evil spirits go away when a rooster crows. Mina: Really? I've never heard that before. Peter: Actually, I'm afraid of the darkness and evil spirits. Could you draw a rooster for me, Mina? Mina: Sure. I'll draw a big rooster for you! 1

(C) Peter: What is on that piece of paper? It looks scary. Grandfather: Do you mean this painting of a rooster? Peter: Oh, is it a rooster? Grandfather: Yes, it is. Roosters crow every morning. Their crowing means that a new day is beginning. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


10. 중2능김 4-1

 

My Science Project: Home Aquaponics.


(A) Jennifer: Is that possible? Eric: We'll see. I'm going to try it at home for my science project. Fish, bacteria, and plants are the main parts of aquaponics. 1

(B) After you feed the fish, they produce waste. The waste is turned into food for the plants by bacteria. The plants clean the water by consuming the food. This process is repeated again and again! 2

(C) Jennifer: What are you reading? Eric: I'm reading an article about aquaponics. It's a way of growing plants without soil. We can also grow plants and raise fish in just one system. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


11. 중2능김 4-2

 

Home Aquaponics by Eric Jackson.


(A) I used the tube to connect the pump to the pot. 6- I filled the fish tank with water and put some fish in it. Then I turned on the pump. 2

(B) 2- I made a big hole in the lid of the fish tank and put the pot in the hole. 3- I fixed the pot in place with clay. 4- I made another hole in the lid and put a tube through it. 5- I put a water pump in the fish tank. 1

(C) Questions: How can I make an aquaponics system at home? Why is aquaponics good? Period: From May 15 to August 15 Materials: a pot & small stones, a fish tank, a plastic tube, a water pump, plants, some fish, a box cutter, clay Steps: 1- I made holes in the bottom of a pot. Then I put small stones and plants in it. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


12. 중2능김 4-3

 

Results: From this experiment, I grew my plants and raised fish with aquaponics.


(A) Second, it is good for the environment because no chemicals are used. Finally, you can do aquaponics anywhere because it doesn't need much space. I found out. Some farmers use aquaponics to produce vegetables and raise fish. 1

(B) I just fed the fish, but the plants have grown 17 centimeters in three months. The fish stay healthy and the water is clean all the time. Conclusion: Some important things about aquaponics were learned from this experiment. First, water is saved because the plants don't need watering. 0

(C) They choose aquaponics because it is far easier than traditional gardening. Also, it is a much more productive way of growing food. The plants grow much faster than plants in soil, and it saves space. I hope more food is produced in this way in the future because it is healthy for us and the environment. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


13. 중2능김 5-1

 

The Spirit of Audrey.


(A) During World War II, a little girl and her mother were hungry and sick. The only food that they could find was grass. 0

(B) One of the groups that helped her was UNICEF. Later, the girl became a worldwide movie star. Her name was Audrey Hepburn. 2

(C) The little girl felt scared all the time. Luckily, the girl survived, thanks to the help of others. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


14. 중2능김 5-2

 

When she grew up, Hepburn became a symbol of beauty.


(A) She was very popular because of her hit movies, such as My Fair Lady and Roman Holiday. The little black dress which she wore in a movie is famous even today. Many people still love her style. 0

(B) Thanks to her fame, UNICEF collected more money than ever before. Hepburn realized that her fame could help others, so she became a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador. 2

(C) The autumn of 1987 was a turning point in Hepburn's life. She went to an international music festival in Macau. Many people donated money at the festival, and the money went to UNICEF. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


15. 중2능김 5-3

 

First, Hepburn went to Ethiopia in 1988.


(A) Her favorite saying shows her mission. As you get older, remember you have two hands. One is for helping yourself, and the other is for helping others. 2

(B) Her last trip was to Somalia in 1992, and she passed away the following year. Many people praised her beauty and style, but Hepburn's real beauty was her heart. To honor her, UNICEF made a statue, The Spirit of Audrey. People who respect her keep her mission alive. 1

(C) There, she brought food to hungry children. She was shocked because their lives were very difficult. After that, she volunteered in other countries. In 1990, she visited Vietnam to hand out medicine and support clean drinking water programs. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


16. 중2능김 6-1

 

The Best Moment of the Field Trip.


(A) Then we walked to Bosu-dong Book Street. Many bookstores there sell used books. We were really excited because we found some old comic books! It was nice to relax in a café and read them. 2

(B) Teacher: Good morning, everyone! How were your field trips last week? Please tell us about them! Busan, Market Heaven Do you like traditional markets? Then go to Gukje Market in Busan. 0

(C) It is one of the most famous markets in Busan. Do you know what it is famous for? It is famous for selling a variety of goods from different countries. It was interesting to see all the international goods there. We also ate many kinds of street food, such as Gimbap, fish cake, and Hotteok. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


17. 중2능김 6-2

 

Gangwon-do, Full of Natural Beauty.


(A) It was the most amazing experience of the tour! Our next stop was Donggang. We went rafting! It was exciting to ride on the rough water and enjoy the view at the same time. 2

(B) There is no place like Gangwon-do for beautiful nature. First, we went to Baengnyong Cave. This 1-8-kilometer-long cave is still in good condition. 0

(C) It was so amazing to see its natural beauty. Near the end of our cave tour, the guide turned off the lights in the cave for a minute. Everything became very dark, so we were able to focus on the sounds there. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


18. 중2능김 6-3

 

Incheon, A City of Firsts.


(A) The view from the park was awesome! It was great to see the historical sites of this city from the park. Teacher: Wow, these places sound great! You all have done a wonderful job on your presentations! 2

(B) Do you know where the first train station in Korea is? How about the first Jajangmyeon? The answer is Incheon! This place has many of Korea's firsts. 0

(C) To get there, we went to Incheon Station. The Jajangmyeon Museum is next to the station. We learned about the history of Jajangmyeon there. Later, we walked around Jayu Park, the first Western-style park in Korea. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


19. 중2능김 7-1

 

Jobs of the Future.


(A) As our lives change, many new jobs will appear. What kind of job do you want? What will your future life be like? The following people looked ahead and chose jobs that will be important in the future. Let's read about their jobs! 2

(B) People will live under the sea or in floating cities. Look at the pictures above. Do these ideas surprise you? You can see that our lives will be very different in the future. 1

(C) Self-driving cars will be on the market. People will have robots that do everything for them. 3D printers in every home will print out almost everything. People will take space trips. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


20. 중2능김 7-2

 

Do you see the flower pot that Sujin made?


(A) Upcycling can reduce the amount of waste in the future. To become an upcycling designer, you should be creative and learn about art. Have you ever heard of 3D modelers? Taeho, a 3D modeler, works for a company that makes artificial hands and legs. 1

(B) It was made from old street flags. She is an upcycling designer. She works with waste materials to make new products. Her products show people that old materials can be useful in new ways. 0

(C) Taeho uses special software to print out new hands and legs. They are made specially for patients. If you are good at computer programming and art, you can be a 3D modeler. Taeho wants more people to use 3D printed products in the future. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


21. 중2능김 7-3

 

Jihye is a big data specialist.


(A) She knows big data allows us to learn more about our daily lives. If you want to become a big data specialist, you should develop your math and problem-solving skills! Think about yourself and prepare for your future. If you keep looking ahead and dreaming big, your future will be bright. 2

(B) She works on many projects. For example, last year, she made bus routes. To find the best night routes, she needed to collect smartphone use data and taxi use patterns from late-night travelers. 0

(C) Then she analyzed this information to create the most useful routes. Now Jihye is working with an online shopping mall. She is collecting data from customers to find out the best styles for them. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


22. 중2능김 8-1

 

Who Is Happy?


(A) He always looked at himself in the water. He thought no one was more beautiful than he was. 2

(B) The crow was very happy with his life. 1

(C) Once upon a time, there was a crow who lived in a forest. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


23. 중2능김 8-2

 

Then one day, the crow saw a swan on the lake.


(A) The crow asked why he thought so. The swan answered, "The parrot has colorful feathers. He is more beautiful than I am. He must be proud of his appearance." 2

(B) "The swan is so white," he thought, "but I am so black. I have never seen such a white bird before. His beauty shines so brightly. The swan must be the happiest bird in the world." 0

(C) He went to the swan and expressed his thoughts. "Actually," the swan said, "I thought that I was the happiest bird. But then I saw a parrot. Now I think the parrot is the happiest bird in the world." 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


24. 중2능김 8-3

 

The crow then flew to the parrot and said, "The swan said you are the happiest bird because you have colorful feathers."


(A) My feathers are colorful, but the peacock's feathers are colorful, big, and gorgeous. 1

(B) So he is loved by everyone." 2

(C) The parrot explained, "I lived a very happy life until I saw a peacock. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


25. 중2능김 8-4

 

The crow then visited the peacock at the zoo.


(A) Many people come to see you every day. On the other hand, when people see me, they chase me away. I think you are the happiest bird in the world." The peacock said, "I may be the most beautiful bird, but I'm not happy. 1

(B) There were a lot of people around the peacock, and they praised him for his beauty. The crow thought the peacock must be the happiest bird in the world. After all the people left, the crow started to talk to the peacock. "Peacock, you are so beautiful. 0

(C) Because of my beauty, I am stuck in this zoo. Unlike me, you aren't kept in a cage. I want to be like you because you can go anywhere." 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


26. 중2능김 8-5

 

After the crow talked to the peacock, he started to think about who the happiest bird was.


(A) The crow went back to the forest. He looked at himself in the water again and saw the happiest bird in the world. 2

(B) I don't have colorful feathers, but I'm free to fly anywhere." 1

(C) The crow thought to himself, "The peacock's feathers are impressive, but he is stuck in a cage. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


[ANSWER]
1. ③ 2. ② 3. ③ 4. ⑤ 5. ⑤ 6. ② 7. ④ 8. ③ 9. ⑤ 10. ④


11. ⑤ 12. ② 13. ① 14. ① 15. ⑤ 16. ③ 17. ③ 18. ③ 19. ⑤ 20. ②


21. ③ 22. ⑤ 23. ③ 24. ④ 25. ② 26. ⑤ 

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m3nk | Since 2005 임희재 | 블루티쳐학원 | 01033383436 | 200710 22:53:52

 

순서배열

 

1. 중3능김 1-1

 

Why Do People Learn Foreign Languages?


(A) In any case, students everywhere have found interesting ways to study new languages. Let's meet these students and listen to their ideas. 2

(B) Many others learn them for fun. 1

(C) Many students learn new languages because of school requirements. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


2. 중3능김 1-2

 

I Love Soccer!


(A) I'm a big fan of a Spanish soccer team. I want to understand interviews with my favorite players. However, it's not easy because I don't know Spanish that well. How can I improve my Spanish? The best way to learn a new language is to practice it every day. 0

(B) Some words are used only in soccer, not in everyday life. Learn some soccer vocabulary and memorize it. Also, why don't you try writing a review of a match in Spanish? It will help you improve your writing skills. 2

(C) I have changed the language of my phone to Spanish, and I have been writing my shopping lists in Spanish! What's most important is to become familiar with the language first. I suggest watching Spanish movies often. It will help you get used to the sound of the language. If the people talk too fast, try watching Spanish children's movies first. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


3. 중3능김 1-3

 

No More Subtitles!


(A) You should find friends who are interested in DREAM4 and start a club. In my club, we motivate one another. We translate songs and sing together. Doing these things is fun and really improves our Korean! Follow DREAM4 on social media. 1

(B) DREAM4 is back! I'm so excited to see my favorite Korean boy band perform. Their singing and their dancing are just perfect. I want to understand their songs without subtitles or translations though. Any tips? 0

(C) They often post short messages in Korean about how they are doing. They also post pictures with the messages, so you can understand the posts more easily. I recommend watching Korean dramas. I've been watching Korean dramas for a year, and they're really interesting! You can use Korean subtitles for help with listening. It's also a good idea to print out the subtitles and read them first. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


4. 중3능김 1-4

 

What Works for You?


(A) Remember, every language is hard at first, but a new language can make your world much bigger! 2

(B) There are hundreds of good tips out there, but everyone has their own way of learning. 0

(C) Find what keeps you motivated; then you will enjoy learning more. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


5. 중3능김 2-1

 

We all know that a diet containing a variety of foods keeps our bodies healthy.


(A) But sometimes we are not sure which foods are good for which body parts. 0

(B) Look at the following examples. Each of these foods not only looks like a certain body part but is also good for that body part. 2

(C) Nature, however, gives us a big clue. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


6. 중3능김 2-2

 

Slice open a tomato and compare it with the human heart.


(A) You will see that they look similar. They both have multiple hollow spaces and are red. Researchers say that the chemicals that make tomatoes red are good for your heart and blood. In addition, eating tomatoes can lower your risk of heart disease. 0

(B) Walnuts also have wrinkles, which the brain has too. Studies show that walnuts help our brains stay healthy and active. They are also good for preventing Alzheimer's disease. 2

(C) Look at the shape of a walnut. Do you notice anything? Yes, it's very similar to the shape of the human brain! A walnut is divided into two parts, just like the brain. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


7. 중3능김 2-3

 

A slice of carrot looks like the human eye.


(A) So if you want healthy eyes, eat carrots. Cutting onions is not fun because it makes you cry. 1

(B) Carrots have some chemicals that can make vitamin A, which improves your vision. It helps your eyes process light and send a clear image to the brain. 0

(C) But try slicing one anyway. You can see that the inside looks a little like a human cell. Scientists say that onions contain vitamin B, which helps make new, healthy cells. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


8. 중3능김 2-4

 

Now, let's move on to ginger.


(A) Isn't it amazing that some foods mirror the body parts that they are good for? Interestingly, there are many other such foods. Find as many as you can and try to eat a variety of them. 2

(B) What body part comes to mind when you see it? Doesn't it look like a stomach? 0

(C) You may not like ginger's strong taste or smell, but these come from a special chemical that prevents you from feeling sick and throwing up. For this reason, ginger can be good for your stomach. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


9. 중3능김 3-1

 

One night in February, after I had gone to bed, an earthquake hit.


(A) I woke up suddenly because my bed was shaking. I thought my brother was shaking my bed as a joke. But then I heard the mirror on my desk fall to the floor and break into pieces. 0

(B) Since it was my first time experiencing an earthquake, I didn't know how to react. I just kept saying, "What should I do?" 2

(C) I knew it wasn't my brother then, but I still didn't know what exactly was happening. Soon the whole room began to shake violently, and my confusion turned to panic. My mom shouted that it was an earthquake and ran into my room. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


10. 중3능김 3-2

 

My mom pulled me and my brother out of bed.


(A) We ran to the kitchen and crawled under the table. I could see the light swinging violently and books falling to the floor. 0

(B) Every second, I could hear something else in the apartment break. I started to worry that the building would collapse. 2

(C) Our family picture dropped from the wall and the glass covering it broke. A cup tipped over and rolled off the kitchen table. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


11. 중3능김 3-3

 

Then the shaking seemed to stop.


(A) We started crawling toward the door. At that moment, my mom's cell phone rang. It was my dad, who was coming home from work. He shouted, "It stopped! 0

(B) My dad answered, "Don't worry. I'm okay. I was driving home when the shaking started. But I pulled over immediately. I'm listening to the radio right now to find out what's going on." 2

(C) Get out of the building! Take the stairs! Don't take the elevator! Hurry," "Where are you? Are you okay?" my mom asked urgently. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


12. 중3능김 3-4

 

We nervously made our way down the stairs and outside.


(A) How could all this have happened in a few minutes? Although I had done many earthquake drills in school, I had never thought I'd experience a real earthquake. I still get scared when I remember that night. 1

(B) I looked around. Parts of buildings had fallen and had smashed several cars. We went to an open space to avoid more falling pieces. 0

(C) I can't forget the panic I felt when the furniture was shaking and things were falling to the floor. After that night, I began to take earthquake drills seriously. I realized that I should be prepared for the next earthquake, which can occur at any time. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


13. 중3능김 4-1

 

We Are All Leaders.


(A) Brian: Why not? Yumi: Come on, Brian. Leaders have special qualities. I don't think a person like me can be called a leader. Brian: What do you mean? 1

(B) I think you have very good leadership qualities. You're really friendly and outgoing. You also help people get along. I have no doubt that you will be elected if you run. 2

(C) Brian: The election is coming up. Why don't you run for class representative, Yumi? Yumi: No way. I'm not the right person for that position. I've never thought about running. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


14. 중3능김 4-2

 

Brian told me this afternoon that I have good leadership qualities.


(A) No one has ever told me that before. Why does he think so? Maybe he was just trying to be nice. When he said that to me, however, I started to think. 0

(B) Then I suddenly started to wonder if these are the only qualities that make a good leader. Maybe I'm wrong. Maybe there are other leadership qualities. So I decided to do some research online. 2

(C) Can I really become a leader? I don't know. I think leaders should have a vision, clear goals, and the ability to motivate others. I don't have any of those things. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


15. 중3능김 4-3

 

Here's what I found!


(A) PURPLE LEADERS : "Hands-Off Managers". Allow others to work on their own. Do not try to control people. Give advice only when it is needed. ORANGE LEADERS : "Strict Directors". Make everyone's role clear. Make sure everything is finished on time. Ensure each step is done properly. 1

(B) GREEN LEADERS : "Team Builders". Ensure that the team feels valued. Create a positive environment. Are friendly and easy to talk to. RED LEADERS : "Logical Analysts". Have good reasoning skills. Analyze problems and situations. Think of the most effective ways to achieve the team's goals. 0

(C) YELLOW LEADERS : "Quiet Supporters". Lead by example. Let the team members shine instead. Meet the team members' needs. BLUE LEADERS : "Creative Thinkers". Approach problems in new ways. Come up with fresh ideas. Deal with tasks differently from others 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


16. 중3능김 4-4

 

I was surprised that there are actually many different leadership styles, but soon I realized the reason.


(A) I am a part of many different groups, and I have different responsibilities in each group. After reading everything, I became more confident. I discovered that I have some of the qualities of a "green leader." 1

(B) We belong to many different groups, and many different situations can come up in our lives. They all call for different leadership styles. Each group's unique situation determines the best leadership style. 0

(C) If my classmates think a green leader would make our class better, they might pick me to be class representative! Okay, let's try it! 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


17. 중3능김 5-1

 

Join Hands, Save the Earth.


(A) One example is an underwater museum in Cancun, Mexico. Let's meet Dr. Rosa Allison, an art professor, and listen to her explanation about the special museum. 1

(B) It is important for us to find ways to protect the environment. Some people have found creative ways to save the earth. 0

(C) Cancun is a city where 4.8 million tourists travel every year. One of the most popular activities to do there is looking at the area's beautiful sea life underwater. However, tourist activities are seriously damaging parts of the sea near Cancun. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


18. 중3능김 5-2

 

To prevent this, artists did something interesting.


(A) The statues are made from materials that support sea life. They provide additional places for plants and animals to live on. Over time, many types of sea life will grow on the statues, which will make the artwork unique. 1

(B) The artists want people to see a variety of sea life on the statues. If people realize how rich sea life is, they will understand how important it is to save the sea. 2

(C) They thought if they attracted tourists to a different part of the sea, the dying areas could have time to get better. They made an underwater museum away from the places where sea life was dying. It's about 14 meters below the surface and contains 500 statues. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


19. 중3능김 5-3

 

In Singapore, people are using architecture to protect the environment on land.


(A) Most buildings need air conditioning, which uses a lot of energy and contributes to climate change. That's why architects in Singapore have begun to design eco-friendly buildings that use less air conditioning but are still cool inside. 1

(B) Let's hear what Rajesh Khan, an architect, says about eco-friendly buildings. Singapore is hot throughout the year. 0

(C) For example, many buildings in Singapore are designed to have an open structure. This structure makes it possible for outside air to move throughout a building. This natural air flow is how these buildings stay cool. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


20. 중3능김 5-4

 

In addition to making open structures, architects add large gardens.


(A) Every field has different ways of protecting the environment. With more innovation, humans and nature will be able to live together in harmony far into the future. 2

(B) This greenery provides shade and protects parts of the building from direct sunlight, which keeps the building cooler. Eco-friendly buildings like these not only help protect the environment, but also provide people with a good quality of life. 0

(C) Those are the goals of this new style of architecture. Hopefully, architects will keep coming up with new eco-friendly ideas. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


21. 중3능김 6-1

 

Life in the Sharing Economy.


(A) Son: But we don't have a tent. Should we buy one? 1

(B) Son: What should we do this weekend, Dad? Dad: Why don't we go camping? 0

(C) Also, who will take care of our dog? Dad: Don't worry. I know some apps that can help us. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


22. 중3능김 6-2

 

Borrow from your neighbors!


(A) When I got it, however, it was broken. I was so upset! Ask Your Neighbors : March 9, 2020 We're sorry that you had such a negative experience. To fix this issue, we are asking lenders to update the pictures of their items regularly. This will let other users know the exact condition of the product. 2

(B) Ask Your Neighbors helps people easily find items that they can borrow from others. First, users download the app and search for another user that has the item they need. Then they pick up the item and return it later. Jasmine : December 12, 2019 I asked for a board game and got one in less than 30 minutes. 0

(C) I love saving money by borrowing things that I don't often need. Also, I think it's environmentally friendly. The fewer products we buy, the more resources we save. Cassandra : March 7, 2020 Seeing a lot of positive reviews, I decided to borrow a bike helmet. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


23. 중3능김 6-3

 

I can look after your pet!


(A) The owner checks their reviews and chooses the best person. George : November 12, 2019 I use this app whenever I'm going out of town. I have some concerns about my personal information though. What if people use my phone number for other purposes? 1

(B) Pet Sitter Finder is the perfect app for pet lovers and pet owners. It helps pet owners find reliable people to look after their pets. When a pet owner is looking for pet sitters, he or she uploads a post. Pet sitters or dog walkers can then send messages to the owner. 0

(C) Pet Sitter Finder : November 14, 2019 We're aware of this issue. We're now developing a system that allows users to communicate freely without showing their personal information. Samantha : February 22, 2020 Animals aren't allowed in my apartment, so I don't have any pets. However, by using Pet Sitter Finder, I can experience the joy of walking a dog. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


24. 중3능김 6-4

 

Son: What great apps!


(A) These kinds of services are part of the "sharing economy." People can share their items with others and provide services to them at a small fee or for free. 1

(B) We can borrow a tent and find someone to take care of our dog. Dad: That's right. 0

(C) Son: But these services do have some weaknesses. Some people left negative reviews about the services. Dad: Well, I think the more people use the services, the more they will improve. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


25. 중3능김 7-1

 

Life with Robots.


(A) Around the world, robots are doing a variety of tasks. There are delivery robots flying in the sky, robot arms in factories, and service robots in public places. 1

(B) Where Do We See Robots? Robots are not only in movies and books anymore. 0

(C) A delivery robot in the sky. Robot arms in a factory. A service robot at the Pyeong Chang Olympics. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


26. 중3능김 7-2

 

Robots Are Becoming Smart.


(A) Robots that have AI can perceive environments and make decisions. They can also recognize speech, tell jokes, and play games with humans. AI Speakers: They can answer your questions, control machines in your home, and play music for you. 1

(B) AI Pets: They act just like real dogs. They walk and play with their owners and recognize praise. 2

(C) In the past, robots performed only easy tasks that humans programmed them to do. However, robots are now getting "smarter," and soon they might be able to think like humans. What makes this possible is artificial intelligence (AI). 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


27. 중3능김 7-3

 

Robots around Us – Present and Future.


(A) With cameras, sensors, and software, it can navigate roads for you so that you can relax and enjoy the ride. ∙ Robot Swarm: A robot swarm is a large group of robots that can communicate with one another, like ants or bees. They can be used in a variety of places, including farms or building sites. They work on tasks and find solutions as a group. 2

(B) Robots are making things faster and easier. They can help us anywhere — in our homes, on roads, or in disaster areas. Home Helper Robot: This robot helps your family throughout the day. 0

(C) Cooking and cleaning would be easier if you had one. It also talks with family members and can sense emotions. Self-Driving Car: A self-driving car doesn't need a driver. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


28. 중3능김 7-4

 

Search-and-rescue robots can go into disaster areas that are dangerous for humans.


(A) Some people expect life to become more convenient with the help of robots. However, other people worry about problems they might cause, such as threats to our jobs and safety. 1

(B) The important thing is to find possible solutions and to ensure that robots are only used for good. 2

(C) They find survivors, deal with dangers, and clear routes so that people can escape to safety. Looking toward the Future Our future with robots looks bright but not perfect. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


29. 중3능김 8-1

 

The Five Wise Men.


(A) One day, five wise men met on the road. They agreed to travel together. On the way, however, they became lost in a thick forest. Before walking any further, they decided to stop and find the best way out. After thinking for a while, the first man said, "I strongly feel that we should go left." 0

(B) The forest cannot go on forever. A new path will open." Looking at them all, the fifth man shook his head and said, "I know how to solve this. Just wait." 2

(C) The second man said, "We should go right, because right also means 'correct.'" Then the third man said, "Let's walk back. We came that way, so we can leave that way. Then we can walk around the forest." The fourth man disagreed and said, "I think we should keep walking straight. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


30. 중3능김 8-2

 

He started to climb the tallest tree he could find.


(A) As he climbed, everyone else decided to go their separate ways. When the fifth man reached the top, he could see the whole forest. Looking at all the paths, he found the shortest way out. 0

(B) I found the best way out. He thought they were all wrong and he was the only wise man. 2

(C) He hurried down to tell the others. However, when he got to the bottom, everyone was gone. He thought to himself, Where did they go? 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


31. 중3능김 8-3

 

However, he was wrong.


(A) While he was with them, he showed them great kindness. The thieves were moved by his kindness and learned from his wisdom. Later, they also became wise men. The man who walked back created a safe path around the forest. Using this path, people could get where they were going without getting lost, even though the trip took a little longer. 2

(B) Soon he learned how to protect himself and find food. In the end, he made his way out of the forest and taught others survival skills. The man who went to the right met a group of thieves. They took everything from him and made him join them. 1

(C) Everyone was wise. Each man had chosen his path and created his future. The man who went to the left walked deeper into the forest. He was attacked by wild animals and almost died of hunger. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


32. 중3능김 8-4

 

The man who went straight became a pioneer.


(A) He left the forest and discovered places no one else had been before. Thanks to him, people could enjoy these new beautiful lands. The man who climbed the tree became a guide. 0

(B) You have to create your own path. Listen to yourself, make a decision, and act on it. Then, someday, you will realize that you have been living the life that is right for you. 2

(C) Since he had found many different paths, he was able to teach people how to find the quickest ways to their destinations. This is how the five men found their own paths. Like them, we are each on our own journey in life, and we cannot compare one journey to another. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


[ANSWER]
1. ⑤ 2. ① 3. ② 4. ③ 5. ① 6. ① 7. ② 8. ③ 9. ① 10. ①


11. ① 12. ② 13. ④ 14. ① 15. ② 16. ② 17. ② 18. ④ 19. ② 20. ③


21. ② 22. ③ 23. ② 24. ② 25. ② 26. ④ 27. ③ 28. ④ 29. ① 30. ①


31. ⑤ 32. ① 

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2063 | Since 2005 임희재 | 블루티쳐학원 | 01033383436 | 200710 22:53:52

 

순서배열

 

1. 2063-18

 

Since I joined your youth sports program several years ago, I have really enjoyed swimming.


(A) I heard some of my friends couldn't, either. I'm kindly asking you to open an additional course. I appreciate your consideration. 2

(B) Thanks to your program, I have become a good swimmer. Now I want to go one step further. I like helping people and hope to get a job as a lifeguard later. 0

(C) So I tried to sign up for your lifeguard training course this summer. But the course was so popular that the registration closed almost as soon as it opened. I couldn't register and was really disappointed. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


2. 2063-19

 

Sharon received a ticket to an upcoming tango concert from her friend.


(A) Looking around, Sharon again wondered what kind of show she could expect. But as soon as the tango started, everything changed. The piano, guitar, flute, and violin magically flew out in harmony. The audience cheered.1

(B) "Oh my goodness! What fantastic music!" Sharon shouted. The rhythm and tempo were so energetic and sensational that they shook her body and soul. The concert was far beyond her expectations. 2

(C) While surfing the Internet, she came across a review for the concert. The reviewer was harsh, calling it "an awful performance." That raised in Sharon's mind the question of whether it was worthwhile to go, but in the end, she reluctantly decided to attend the concert. The hall located in the old town was ancient and run-down. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


3. 2063-20

 

Occasionally individuals do not merely come out as well as clearly state what is troubling them and instead select more indirect means of expressing their annoyance.


(A) Companions may likewise merely prevent discussing an issue by swiftly switching over topics when the subject turns up or by being incredibly vague. Such indirect ways of expressing temper are not useful since they don't provide the individual that is the target of the behaviors, an idea of exactly how to react. 1

(B) One companion might talk to the various other in a way that is condescending and also indicates underlying hostility. Numerous other times, partners may mope and even frown without genuinely dealing with an issue.0

(C) They understand their companion is irritated, but the absence of directness leaves them without advice regarding what they can do to solve the issue. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


4. 2063-21

 

Many ancillary businesses that today seem almost core at one time started out as journey edges.


(A) Maintenance, installation, training, delivery, anything at all that turns do-it-yourself into a do-it-for-me solution originally resulted from exploring the edge of where core products intersect with customer journeys. 2

(B) For example, retailers often boost sales with accompanying support such as assembly or installation services. Think of a home goods retailer selling an unassembled outdoor grill as a box of parts and leaving its customer's mission incomplete. 0

(C) When that retailer also sells assembly and delivery, it takes another step in the journey to the customer's true mission of cooking in his backyard. Another example is the business-to-business service contracts that are layered on top of software sales. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


5. 2063-22

 

Official definitions of sport have important implications.


(A) This can create a situation in which most people are physically inactive at the same time that a small number of people perform at relatively high levels for large numbers of fans ― a situation that negatively impacts health and increases health-care costs in a society or community. When sport is defined to include a wide range of physical activities that are played for pleasure and integrated into local expressions of social life, physical activity rates will be high and overall health benefits are likely. 2

(B) For example, when a 12-year-old is cut from an exclusive club soccer team, she may not want to play in the local league because she sees it as "recreational activity" rather than a real sport. 1

(C) When a definition emphasizes rules, competition, and high performance, many people will be excluded from participation or avoid other physical activities that are defined as "second class." 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


6. 2063-23

 

Problem framing amounts to defining what problem you are proposing to solve.


(A) They found that the respondents' suggestions changed significantly depending on whether the metaphor used to describe crime was as a virus or as a beast. People presented with a metaphor comparing crime to a virus invading their city emphasized prevention and addressing the root causes of the problem, such as eliminating poverty and improving education. 1

(B) This is a critical activity because the frame you choose strongly influences your understanding of the problem, thereby conditioning your approach to solving it. For an illustration, consider Thibodeau and Broditsky's series of experiments in which they asked people for ways to reduce crime in a community. 0

(C) On the other hand, people presented with the beast metaphor focused on remediations: increasing the size of the police force and prisons. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


7. 2063-24

 

A common error in current Darwinian thinking is the assumption that "selfish genes" are the prime mover in evolution.


(A) Evolutionary psychologists surely know why brains evolved. As Cosmides and Tooby point out, brains are found only in animals that move. Brains are behavioural organs, and behavioural adaptation, being immediate and non-random, is vastly more efficient than genetic adaptation. 1

(B) So, in animals with brains, behavioural change is the usual first response to environmental threat. If the change is successful, genetic adaptation to the new behaviour will follow more gradually. Animals do not evolve carnivore teeth and then decide it might be a good idea to eat meat. 2

(C) In strict Darwinism the prime mover is environmental threat. In the absence of threat, natural selection tends to resist change. It is un-biological to "explain" behavioural change as resulting from genetic change or the ex vacuo emergence of domain-specific brain modules. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


8. 2063-25

 

The above table shows global plastic waste generation by industry in 2015.


(A) The consumer and institutional products sector generated 37 million tons of plastic waste, and the amount was more than twice that of plastic waste the transportation sector generated. The electrical and electronic sector generated just as much plastic waste as the building and construction sector did, each sector accounting for 4.30% of the total plastic waste generation. 1

(B) Only one million tons of plastic waste were generated in the industrial machinery sector, representing less than 0.50% of the total plastic waste generated. 2

(C) The sector that generated plastic waste most was packaging, accounting for 46.69% of all plastic waste generated. The textiles sector generated 38 million tons of plastic waste, or 12.58% of the total plastic waste generated.0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


9. 2063-26

 

Born in Lancashire, England, in 1871, William McDougall left his mark on experimental and physiological psychology.


(A) After receiving a degree in natural sciences in Cambridge University, he became interested in human behavior. He believed human behavior to be based on three abilities ― intellect, emotion, and will. Being a hardworking scholar, he held academic positions in several universities in England. 0

(B) Somewhat disappointed, he moved to the United States in the same year to be a professor at Harvard University. Seven years later, he moved to Duke University, where he developed a psychology department and continued various research. Today many people read his books, and psychologists celebrate his intellectual achievements. 2

(C) He also wrote many books on psychology including the well-known Introduction to Social Psychology. In 1920, he published The Group Mind opposing mechanistic interpretations of human behavior. However, The Group Mind was poorly received when published. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


10. 2063-29

 

People from more individualistic cultural contexts tend to be motivated to maintain self-focused agency or control as these serve as the basis of one's self-worth.


(A) However, people from more interdependent cultural contexts tend to be less focused on issues of individual success and agency and more motivated towards group goals and harmony. Research has shown that East Asians prefer to receive, but not seek, more social support rather than seek personal control in certain cases. 1

(B) With this form of agency comes the belief that individual successes depend primarily on one's own abilities and actions, and thus, whether by influencing the environment or trying to accept one's circumstances, the use of control ultimately centers on the individual. The independent self may be more driven to cope by appealing to a sense of agency or control. 0

(C) Therefore, people who hold a more interdependent self-construal may prefer to cope in a way that promotes harmony in relationships. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


11. 2063-30

 

Chunking is vital for cognition of music.


(A) You don't simply recite the names of roads as an abstract list, but have to construct your route by mentally retracing it. When musicians make a mistake during rehearsal, they wind back to the start of a musical phrase ('let's take it from the second verse') before restarting. 2

(B) If we had to encode it in our brains note by note, we'd struggle to make sense of anything more complex than the simplest children's songs. Of course, most accomplished musicians can play compositions containing many thousands of notes entirely from memory, without a note out of place. But this seemingly awesome accomplishment of recall is made probable by remembering the musical process, not the individual notes as such. 0

(C) If you ask a pianist to start a Mozart sonata from bar forty-one, she'll probably have to mentally replay the music from the start until reaching that bar. The score is not simply laid out in her mind, to be read from any random point. It's rather like describing how you drive to work. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


12. 2063-31

 

Research with human runners challenged conventional wisdom and found that the ground-reaction forces at the foot and the shock transmitted up the leg and through the body after impact with the ground varied little as runners moved from extremely compliant to extremely hard running surfaces.


(A) This view suggests that runners create soft legs that soak up impact forces when they are running on very hard surfaces and stiff legs when they are moving along on yielding terrain. 1

(B) As a result, researchers gradually began to believe that runners are subconsciously able to adjust leg stiffness prior to foot strike based on their perceptions of the hardness or stiffness of the surface on which they are running. 0

(C) As a result, impact forces passing through the legs are strikingly similar over a wide range of running surface types. Contrary to popular belief, running on concrete is not more damaging to the legs than running on soft sand. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


13. 2063-32

 

One of the great risks of writing is that even the simplest of choices regarding wording or punctuation can sometimes prejudice your audience against you in ways that may seem unfair.


(A) How much of their attention have you suddenly lost because of their automatic recollection of what is now a nonrule? It is possible, in other words, to write correctly and still offend your readers' notions of your language competence. 2

(B) Suppose you have written a position paper trying to convince your city council of the need to hire security personnel for the library, and half of the council members ― the people you wish to convince ― remember their eighth-grade grammar teacher's warning about splitting infinitives. How will they respond when you tell them, in your introduction, that librarians are compelled "to always accompany" visitors to the rare book room because of the threat of damage? 1

(C) For example, look again at the old grammar rule forbidding the splitting of infinitives. After decades of telling students to never split an infinitive (something just done in this sentence), most composition experts now acknowledge that a split infinitive is not a grammar crime. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


14. 2063-33

 

Even when we do something as apparently simple as picking up a screwdriver, our brain automatically adjusts what it considers body to include the tool.


(A) Because of this, when someone bangs his fist on our car's hood after we have irritated him at a crosswalk, we take it personally. This is not always reasonable. Nonetheless, without the extension of self into machine, it would be impossible to drive. 2

(B) We can literally feel things with the end of the screwdriver. When we extend a hand, holding the screwdriver, we automatically take the length of the latter into account. We can probe difficult-to-reach places with its extended end, and comprehend what we are exploring. 0

(C) Furthermore, we instantly regard the screwdriver we are holding as "our" screwdriver, and get possessive about it. We do the same with the much more complex tools we use, in much more complex situations. The cars we pilot instantaneously and automatically become ourselves. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


15. 2063-34

 

A large part of what we see is what we expect to see.


(A) A fire provides a constant flickering change in visual information that never integrates into anything solid and thereby allows the brain to engage in a play of hypotheses. On the other hand, the wall does not present us with very much in the way of visual clues, and so the brain begins to make more and more hypotheses and desperately searches for confirmation. 1

(B) A crack in the wall looks a little like the profile of a nose and suddenly a whole face appears, or a leaping horse, or a dancing figure. In cases like these the brain's visual strategies are projecting images from within the mind out onto the world. 2

(C) This explains why we "see" faces and figures in a flickering campfire, or in moving clouds. This is why Leonardo da Vinci advised artists to discover their motifs by staring at patches on a blank wall. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


16. 2063-35

 

One of the most widespread, and sadly mistaken, environmental myths is that living "close to nature" out in the country or in a leafy suburb is the best "green" lifestyle.


(A) Cities, on the other hand, are often blamed as a major cause of ecological destruction ― artificial, crowded places that suck up precious resources. Yet, when you look at the facts, nothing could be farther from the truth. 0

(B) The larger yards and houses found outside cities also create an environmental cost in terms of energy use, water use, and land use. It's clear that the future of the Earth depends on more people gathering together in compact communities. 2

(C) The pattern of life in the country and most suburbs involves long hours in the automobile each week, burning fuel and pumping out exhaust to get to work, buy groceries, and take kids to school and activities. City dwellers, on the other hand, have the option of walking or taking transit to work, shops, and school. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


17. 2063-36

 

Studies of people struggling with major health problems show that the majority of respondents report they derived benefits from their adversity.


(A) One study that measured participants' exposure to thirty-seven major negative events found a curvilinear relationship between lifetime adversity and mental health. High levels of adversity predicted poor mental health, as expected, but people who had faced intermediate levels of adversity were healthier than those who experienced little adversity, suggesting that moderate amounts of stress can foster resilience. 1

(B) A follow-up study found a similar link between the amount of lifetime adversity and subjects' responses to laboratory stressors. Intermediate levels of adversity were predictive of the greatest resilience. Thus, having to deal with a moderate amount of stress may build resilience in the face of future stress. 2

(C) Stressful events sometimes force people to develop new skills, reevaluate priorities, learn new insights, and acquire new strengths. In other words, the adaptation process initiated by stress can lead to personal changes for the better. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


18. 2063-37

 

The fruit ripening process brings about the softening of cell walls, sweetening and the production of chemicals that give colour and flavour.


(A) However, fruit picked before it is ripe has less flavour than fruit picked ripe from the plant. Biotechnologists therefore saw an opportunity in delaying the ripening and softening process in fruit. If ripening could be slowed down by interfering with ethylene production or with the processes that respond to ethylene, fruit could be left on the plant until it was ripe and full of flavour but would still be in good condition when it arrived at the supermarket shelf. 2

(B) Tomatoes and other fruits are, therefore, usually picked and transported when they are unripe. In some countries they are then sprayed with ethylene before sale to the consumer to induce ripening. 1

(C) The process is induced by the production of a plant hormone called ethylene. The problem for growers and retailers is that ripening is followed sometimes quite rapidly by deterioration and decay and the product becomes worthless. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


19. 2063-38

 

Clarity is often a difficult thing for a leader to obtain.


(A) And the merits of a leader's most important decisions, by their nature, typically are not clear-cut. Instead those decisions involve a process of assigning weights to competing interests, and then determining, based upon some criterion, which one predominates. The result is one of judgment, of shades of gray; like saying that Beethoven is a better composer than Brahms.2

(B) Concerns of the present tend to seem larger than potentially greater concerns that lie farther away. Some decisions by their nature present great complexity, whose many variables must come together a certain way for the leader to succeed. 0

(C) Compounding the difficulty, now more than ever, is what ergonomists call information overload, where a leader is overrun with inputs ― via e-mails, meetings, and phone calls ― that only distract and confuse her thinking. Alternatively, the leader's information might be only fragmentary, which might cause her to fill in the gaps with assumptions ― sometimes without recognizing them as such. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


20. 2063-39

 

Fireflies don't just light up their behinds to attract mates, they also glow to tell bats not to eat them.


(A) This twist in the tale of the trait that gives fireflies their name was discovered by Jesse Barber and his colleagues. The glow's warning role benefits both fireflies and bats, because these insects taste disgusting to the mammals. When swallowed, chemicals released by fireflies cause bats to throw them back up. 0

(B) When the team painted fireflies' light organs dark, a new set of bats took twice as long to learn to avoid them. It had long been thought that firefly bioluminescence mainly acted as a mating signal, but the new finding explains why firefly larvae also glow despite being immature for mating. 2

(C) The team placed eight bats in a dark room with three or four fireflies plus three times as many tasty insects, including beetles and moths, for four days. During the first night, all the bats captured at least one firefly. But by the fourth night, most bats had learned to avoid fireflies and catch all the other prey instead. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


21. 2063-40

 

Some environments are more likely to lead to fossilization and subsequent discovery than others.


(A) Likewise, the absence of hominin fossil evidence at a particular time or place does not have the same implication as its presence. As the saying goes, 'absence of evidence is not evidence of absence'. 1

(B) Thus, we cannot assume that more fossil evidence from a particular period or place means that more individuals were present at that time, or in that place. It may just be that the circumstances at one period of time, or at one location, were more favourable for fossilization than they were at other times, or in other places. 0

(C) Similar logic suggests that taxa are likely to have arisen before they first appear in the fossil record, and they are likely to have survived beyond the time of their most recent appearance in the fossil record. Thus, the first appearance datum, and the last appearance datum of taxa in the hominin fossil record are likely to be conservative statements about the times of origin and extinction of a taxon. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


22. 2063-4142

 

In many mountain regions, rights of access to water are associated with the possession of land ― until recently in the Andes, for example, land and water rights were combined so water rights were transferred with the land.


(A) Water derived from the capture of flash floods is not subject to Islamic law as this constitutes an uncertain source, and is therefore free for those able to collect and use it. However, this traditional allocation per unit of land has been bypassed, partly by the development of new supplies, but also by the increase in cultivation of a crop of substantial economic importance. This crop is harvested throughout the year and thus requires more than its fair share of water. The economic status of the crop ensures that water rights can be bought or bribed away from subsistence crops. 2

(B) In Peru, the government grants water to communities separately from land, and it is up to the community to allocate it. Likewise in Yemen, the traditional allocation was one measure (tasah) of water to one hundred 'libnah' of land. This applied only to traditional irrigation supplies ― from runoff, wells, etc., where a supply was guaranteed. 1

(C) However, through state land reforms and the development of additional sources of supply, water rights have become separated from land, and may be sold at auction. This therefore favours those who can pay, rather than ensuring access to all in the community. The situation arises, therefore, where individuals may hold land with no water. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


23. 2063-4345

 

"Congratulations!"


(A) That was the first word that Steven saw when he opened the envelope that his dad handed to him. He knew that he would win the essay contest. Overly excited, he shouted, "Hooray!" At that moment, two tickets to Ace Amusement Park, the prize, slipped out of the envelope. He picked them up and read the letter thoroughly while sitting on the stairs in front of his house. "Wait a minute, That's not my name" he said, puzzled. The letter was addressed to his classmate Stephanie, who had also participated in the contest. Reading on, Steven realized the letter had been delivered mistakenly. "Unfortunately," it should have gone to Stephanie, who was the real winner. He looked at the tickets and then the letter. 0

(B) Steven was hesitant at first but soon disclosed his secret. After listening attentively to the end, his dad advised him to do the right thing. Once Steven had heard his dad's words, tears started to fill up in his eyes. "I was foolish," Steven said regretfully. He took the letter and the prize to school and handed them to Stephanie. He congratulated her wholeheartedly and she was thrilled. On the way home after school, his steps were light and full of joy. That night, his dad was very pleased to hear what he had done at school. "I am so proud of you, Steven," he said. Then, without a word, he handed Steven two Ace Amusement Park tickets and winked. 2

(C) He had really wanted those tickets. He had planned to go there with his younger sister. Steven was his sister's hero, and he had bragged to her that he would win the contest. However, if she found out that her hero hadn't won, she would be terribly disappointed, and he would feel ashamed. "If I don't tell Stephanie, perhaps she will never know," Steven thought for a moment. He remembered that the winner would only be notified by mail. As long as he kept quiet, nobody would know. So he decided to sleep on it. The next morning, he felt miserable and his dad recognized it right away. "What's wrong, Son" asked his dad. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


[ANSWER]
1. ③ 2. ④ 3. ② 4. ③ 5. ⑤ 6. ② 7. ④ 8. ④ 9. ① 10. ②


11. ③ 12. ② 13. ⑤ 14. ③ 15. ④ 16. ① 17. ④ 18. ⑤ 19. ③ 20. ①


21. ② 22. ⑤ 23. ① 

2020년 6월 고2 영어 모의고사 순서배열 DB

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2061 | Since 2005 임희재 | 블루티쳐학원 | 01033383436 | 200710 22:53:52

 

순서배열

 

1. 2061-18

 

On behalf of Jeperson High School, I am writing this letter to request permission to conduct an industrial field trip in your factory.


(A) But of course, we need your blessing and support. 35 students would be accompanied by two teachers. 1

(B) And we would just need a day for the trip. I would really appreciate your cooperation. 2

(C) We hope to give some practical education to our students in regard to industrial procedures. With this purpose in mind, we believe your firm is ideal to carry out such a project. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


2. 2061-19

 

Erda lay on her back in a clearing, watching drops of sunlight slide through the mosaic of leaves above her.


(A) Erda walked between the warm trunks of the trees. She felt all her concerns had gone away. 2

(B) She joined them for a little, moving with the gentle breeze, feeling the warm sun feed her. A slight smile was spreading over her face. 0

(C) She slowly turned over and pushed her face into the grass, smelling the green pleasant scent from the fresh wild flowers. Free from her daily burden, she got to her feet and went on. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


3. 2061-20

 

The dish you start with serves as an anchor food for your entire meal.


(A) Experiments show that people eat nearly 50 percent greater quantity of the food they eat first. If you start with a dinner roll, you will eat more starches, less protein, and fewer vegetables. 0

(B) If you are going to eat something unhealthy, at least save it for last. This will give your body the opportunity to fill up on better options before you move on to starches or sugary desserts. 2

(C) Eat the healthiest food on your plate first. As age‒old wisdom suggests, this usually means starting with your vegetables or salad. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


4. 2061-21

 

Authentic, effective body language is more than the sum of individual signals.


(A) When people work from this rote‒ memory, dictionary approach, they stop seeing the bigger picture, all the diverse aspects of social perception. Instead, they see a person with crossed arms and think, "Reserved, angry." They see a smile and think, "Happy." 0

(B) Your actions seem robotic; your body language signals are disconnected from one another. You end up confusing the very people you're trying to attract because your body language just rings false. 2

(C) They use a firm handshake to show other people "who is boss." Trying to use body language by reading a body language dictionary is like trying to speak French by reading a French dictionary. Things tend to fall apart in an inauthentic mess. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


5. 2061-22

 

A goal‒oriented mind‒set can create a "yo‒yo" effect.


(A) Many runners work hard for months, but as soon as they cross the finish line, they stop training. The race is no longer there to motivate them. When all of your hard work is focused on a particular goal, what is left to push you forward after you achieve it? 0

(B) True long‒term thinking is goal‒less thinking. It's not about any single accomplishment. It is about the cycle of endless refinement and continuous improvement. Ultimately, it is your commitment to the process that will determine your progress. 2

(C) This is why many people find themselves returning to their old habits after accomplishing a goal. The purpose of setting goals is to win the game. The purpose of building systems is to continue playing the game. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


6. 2061-23

 

Like anything else involving effort, compassion takes practice.


(A) At other times, helping involves some real sacrifice. "A bone to the dog is not charity," Jack London observed. 1

(B) We have to work at getting into the habit of standing with others in their time of need. Sometimes offering help is a simple matter that does not take us far out of our way ― remembering to speak a kind word to someone who is down, or spending an occasional Saturday morning volunteering for a favorite cause. 0

(C) "Charity is the bone shared with the dog, when you are just as hungry as the dog." If we practice taking the many small opportunities to help others, we'll be in shape to act when those times requiring real, hard sacrifice come along. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


7. 2061-24

 

Every event that causes you to smile makes you feel happy and produces feel‒good chemicals in your brain.


(A) Researchers studied the effects of a genuine and forced smile on individuals during a stressful event. The researchers had participants perform stressful tasks while not smiling, smiling, or holding chopsticks crossways in their mouths (to force the face to form a smile). 1

(B) Force your face to smile even when you are stressed or feel unhappy. The facial muscular pattern produced by the smile is linked to all the "happy networks" in your brain and will in turn naturally calm you down and change your brain chemistry by releasing the same feel‒good chemicals. 0

(C) The results of the study showed that smiling, forced or genuine, during stressful events reduced the intensity of the stress response in the body and lowered heart rate levels after recovering from the stress. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


8. 2061-25

 

The above graph shows what devices British people considered the most important when connecting to the Internet in 2014 and 2016.


(A) In 2014, UK Internet users were the least likely to select a tablet as their most important device for Internet access. In contrast, they were the least likely to consider a desktop as their most important device for Internet access in 2016. 1

(B) More than a third of UK Internet users considered smartphones to be their most important device for accessing the Internet in 2016. In the same year, the smartphone overtook the laptop as the most important device for Internet access. 0

(C) The proportion of UK Internet users who selected a desktop as their most important device for Internet access decreased by half from 2014 to 2016. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


9. 2061-26

 

Sigrid Undset was born on May 20, 1882, in Kalundborg, Denmark.


(A) None of her books leaves the reader unconcerned. She received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1928. One of her novels has been translated into more than eighty languages. She escaped Norway during the German occupation, but she returned after the end of World War Ⅱ. 2

(B) She was the eldest of three daughters. She moved to Norway at the age of two. Her early life was strongly influenced by her father's historical knowledge. 0

(C) At the age of sixteen, she got a job at an engineering company to support her family. She read a lot, acquiring a good knowledge of Nordic as well as foreign literature, English in particular. She wrote thirty six books. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


10. 2061-29

 

Positively or negatively, our parents and families are powerful influences on us.


(A) The influence of peers, she argues, is much stronger than that of parents. "The world that children share with their peers," she says, "is what shapes their behavior and modifies the characteristics they were born with, and hence determines the sort of people they will be when they grow up." 2

(B) As a result, the pressure to conform to the standards and expectations of friends and other social groups is likely to be intense. Judith Rich Harris, who is a developmental psychologist, argues that three main forces shape our development: personal temperament, our parents, and our peers. 1

(C) But even stronger, especially when we're young, are our friends. We often choose friends as a way of expanding our sense of identity beyond our families. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


11. 2061-30

 

The brain makes up just two percent of our body weight but uses 20 percent of our energy.


(A) Actually, per unit of matter, the brain uses by far more energy than our other organs. That means that the brain is the most expensive of our organs. But it is also marvelously efficient. 1

(B) Our brains require only about four hundred calories of energy a day — about the same as we get from a blueberry muffin. Try running your laptop for twenty‒four hours on a muffin and see how far you get. 2

(C) In newborns, it's no less than 65 percent. That's partly why babies sleep all the time — their growing brains exhaust them — and have a lot of body fat, to use as an energy reserve when needed. Our muscles use even more of our energy, about a quarter of the total, but we have a lot of muscle. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


12. 2061-31

 

When reading another scientist's findings, think critically about the experiment.


(A) Are the sources of information reliable? You should also ask if the scientist or group conducting the experiment was unbiased. Being unbiased means that you have no special interest in the outcome of the experiment. 1

(B) For example, if a drug company pays for an experiment to test how well one of its new products works, there is a special interest involved: The drug company profits if the experiment shows that its product is effective. Therefore, the experimenters aren't objective. They might ensure the conclusion is positive and benefits the drug company. When assessing results, think about any biases that may be present! 2

(C) Ask yourself: Were observations recorded during or after the experiment? Do the conclusions make sense? Can the results be repeated? 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


13. 2061-32

 

Humans are champion long‒distance runners.


(A) As soon as a person and a chimp start running they both get hot. Chimps quickly overheat; humans do not, because they are much better at shedding body heat. 0

(B) Try wearing a couple of extra jackets — or better yet, fur coats — on a hot humid day and run a mile. Now, take those jackets off and try it again. You'll see what a difference a lack of fur makes. 2

(C) According to one leading theory, ancestral humans lost their hair over successive generations because less hair meant cooler, more effective long‒distance running. That ability let our ancestors outmaneuver and outrun prey. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


14. 2061-33

 

Recently I was with a client who had spent almost five hours with me.


(A) Here was a case where my client's language and most of his body revealed nothing but positive feelings. His feet, however, were the most honest communicators, and they clearly told me that as much as he wanted to stay, duty was calling. 2

(B) "Yes," he admitted. "I am so sorry. I didn't want to be rude but I have to call London and I only have five minutes!" 1

(C) As we were parting for the evening, we reflected on what we had covered that day. Even though our conversation was very collegial, I noticed that my client was holding one leg at a right angle to his body, seemingly wanting to take off on its own. At that point I said, "You really do have to leave now, don't you?" 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


15. 2061-34

 

One of the main reasons that students may think they know the material, even when they don't, is that they mistake familiarity for understanding.


(A) In fact, familiarity can often lead to errors on multiple‒choice exams because you might pick a choice that looks familiar, only to find later that it was something you had read, but it wasn't really the best answer to the question. 2

(B) As you read it over, the material is familiar because you remember it from before, and this familiarity might lead you to think, "Okay, I know that." The problem is that this feeling of familiarity is not necessarily equivalent to knowing the material and may be of no help when you have to come up with an answer on the exam. 1

(C) Here is how it works: You read the chapter once, perhaps highlighting as you go. Then later, you read the chapter again, perhaps focusing on the highlighted material. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


16. 2061-35

 

Given the widespread use of emoticons in electronic communication, an important question is whether they help Internet users to understand emotions in online communication.


(A) Emoticons, particularly character‒based ones, are much more ambiguous relative to face‒to‒face cues and may end up being interpreted very differently by different users. 0

(B) One study of 137 instant messaging users revealed that emoticons allowed users to correctly understand the level and direction of emotion, attitude, and attention expression and that emoticons were a definite advantage in non‒verbal communication. Similarly, another study showed that emoticons were useful in strengthening the intensity of a verbal message, as well as in the expression of sarcasm. 2

(C) Nonetheless, research indicates that they are useful tools in online text‒based communication. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


17. 2061-36

 

Students work to get good grades even when they have no interest in their studies.


(A) Soon everyone is standing, just to be able to see as well as before. Everyone is on their feet rather than sitting, but no one's position has improved. And if someone refuses to stand, he might just as well not be at the game at all. 1

(B) People seek job advancement even when they are happy with the jobs they already have. It's like being in a crowded football stadium, watching the crucial play. A spectator several rows in front stands up to get a better view, and a chain reaction follows. 0

(C) When people pursue goods that are positional, they can't help being in the rat race. To choose not to run is to lose. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


18. 2061-37

 

When we compare human and animal desire we find many extraordinary differences.


(A) Animals tend to eat with their stomachs, and humans with their brains. When animals' stomachs are full, they stop eating, but humans are never sure when to stop. 0

(B) Therefore, they eat as much as possible while they can. It is due, also, to the knowledge that, in an insecure world, pleasure is uncertain. Therefore, the immediate pleasure of eating must be exploited to the full, even though it does violence to the digestion. 2

(C) When they have eaten as much as their bellies can take, they still feel empty, they still feel an urge for further gratification. This is largely due to anxiety, to the knowledge that a constant supply of food is uncertain. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


19. 2061-38

 

Currently, we cannot send humans to other planets.


(A) Because of these obstacles, most research missions in space are accomplished through the use of spacecraft without crews aboard. These explorations pose no risk to human life and are less expensive than ones involving astronauts. The spacecraft carry instruments that test the compositions and characteristics of planets. 2

(B) Another obstacle is the harsh conditions on other planets, such as extreme heat and cold. Some planets do not even have surfaces to land on. 1

(C) One obstacle is that such a trip would take years. A spacecraft would need to carry enough air, water, and other supplies needed for survival on the long journey. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


20. 2061-39

 

Our brains are constantly solving problems.


(A) Every time we learn, or remember, or make sense of something, we solve a problem. Some psychologists have characterized all infant language‒learning as problem‒solving, extending to children such scientific procedures as "learning by experiment," or "hypothesis‒testing." 0

(B) In order to learn language, an infant must make sense of the contexts in which language occurs; problems must be solved. We have all been solving problems of this kind since childhood, usually without awareness of what we are doing. 2

(C) Grown‒ups rarely explain the meaning of new words to children, let alone how grammatical rules work. Instead they use the words or the rules in conversation and leave it to children to figure out what is going on. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


21. 2061-40

 

Have you noticed that some coaches get the most out of their athletes while others don't?


(A) Naturally, your mind recreates what it just "saw" based on what it's been told. Not surprisingly, you walk on the court and drop the ball. What does the good coach do? 1

(B) He or she points out what could be improved, but will then tell you how you could or should perform: "I know you'll catch the ball perfectly this time." Sure enough, the next image in your mind is you catching the ball and scoring a goal. Once again, your mind makes your last thoughts part of reality — but this time, that "reality" is positive, not negative. 2

(C) A poor coach will tell you what you did wrong and then tell you not to do it again: "Don't drop the ball!" What happens next? The images you see in your head are images of you dropping the ball! 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


22. 2061-4142

 

Marketers have known for decades that you buy what you see first.


(A) That same shelf is now filled with healthy snacks, which makes good decisions easy. Foods that sit out on tables are even more critical. When you see food every time you walk by, you are likely to grab and eat it. So to improve your choices, leave good foods like apples and pistachios sitting out instead of crackers and candy. 2

(B) You are far more likely to purchase items placed at eye level in the grocery store, for example, than items on the bottom shelf. There is an entire body of research about the way "product placement" in stores influences your buying behavior. This gives you a chance to use product placement to your advantage. Healthy items like produce are often the least visible foods at home. You won't think to eat what you don't see. 0

(C) This may be part of the reason why 85 percent of Americans do not eat enough fruits and vegetables. If produce is hidden in a drawer at the bottom of your refrigerator, these good foods are out of sight and mind. The same holds true for your pantry. I used to have a shelf lined with salty crackers and chips at eye level. When these were the first things I noticed, they were my primary snack foods. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


23. 2061-4345

 

"Grandma," asked Amy, "are angels real?"


(A) "Are you an angel?" asked Amy. The lady gave no reply, but stared coldly at her, leaving without saying a word. "That was not an angel!" said Amy. "No, indeed!" said Grandmother. So Amy walked ahead again. Then, she met a beautiful woman who wore a dress as white as snow. "You must be an angel!" cried Amy. "You dear little girl, do I really look like an angel?" she asked. "You are an angel!" replied Amy. 1

(B) "Some people say so," said Grandmother. Amy told Grandmother that she had seen them in pictures. But she also wanted to know if her grandmother had ever actually seen an angel. Her grandmother said she had, but they looked different than in pictures. "Then, I am going to find one!" said Amy. "That's good! But I will go with you, because you're too little," said Grandmother. Amy complained, "But you walk so slowly." "I can walk faster than you think!" Grandmother replied, with a smile. So they started, Amy leaping and running. Then, she saw a horse coming towards them. On the horse sat a wonderful lady. When Amy saw her, the woman sparkled with jewels and gold, and her eyes were brighter than diamonds. 0

(C) But suddenly the woman's face changed when Amy stepped on her dress by mistake. "Go away, and go back to your home!" she shouted. As Amy stepped back from the woman, she stumbled and fell. She lay in the dusty road and sobbed. "I am tired! Will you take me home, Grandma?" she asked. "Sure! That is what I came for," Grandmother said in a warm voice. They started to walk along the road. Suddenly Amy looked up and said, "Grandma, you are not an angel, are you?" "Oh, honey," said Grandmother, "I'm not an angel." "Well, Grandma, you are an angel to me because you always stay by my side," said Amy. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


[ANSWER]
1. ④ 2. ③ 3. ① 4. ① 5. ① 6. ② 7. ② 8. ② 9. ③ 10. ⑤


11. ④ 12. ④ 13. ① 14. ⑤ 15. ⑤ 16. ① 17. ② 18. ① 19. ⑤ 20. ①


21. ④ 22. ③ 23. ② 

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2062 | Since 2005 임희재 | 블루티쳐학원 | 01033383436 | 200710 22:53:52

 

순서배열

 

1. 2062-18

 

We at the Future Music School have been providing music education to talented children for 10 years.


(A) That's why we want to ask you to perform at the opening event of the festival. It would be an honor for them to watch one of the most famous violinists of all time play at the show. 1

(B) We hold an annual festival to give our students a chance to share their music with the community and we always invite a famous musician to perform in the opening event. Your reputation as a world‒class violinist precedes you and the students consider you the musician who has influenced them the most. 0

(C) It would make the festival more colorful and splendid. We look forward to receiving a positive reply. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


2. 2062-19

 

It was time for the results of the speech contest.


(A) She tore open the envelope to pull out the winner's name. My hands were now sweating and my heart started pounding really hard and fast. "The winner of the speech contest is Josh Brown" the announcer declared. As I realized my name had been called, I jumped with joy. 1

(B) "I can't believe it. I did it" I exclaimed. I felt like I was in heaven. Almost everybody gathered around me and started congratulating me for my victory. 2

(C) I was still skeptical whether I would win a prize or not. My hands were trembling due to the anxiety. I thought to myself, 'Did I work hard enough to outperform the other participants?' After a long wait, an envelope was handed to the announcer. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


3. 2062-20

 

We all have set patterns in life.


(A) We like to label ourselves as this or that and are quite proud of our opinions and beliefs. We all like to read a particular newspaper, watch the same sorts of TV programs or movies, go to the same sort of shops every time, eat the sort of food that suits us, and wear the same type of clothes. 0

(B) You have to see life as a series of adventures. Each adventure is a chance to have fun, learn something, explore the world, expand your circle of friends and experience, and broaden your horizons. Shutting down to adventure means exactly that ―you are shut down. 2

(C) And all this is fine. But if we cut ourselves off from all other possibilities, we become boring, rigid, hardened― and thus likely to get knocked about a bit. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


4. 2062-21

 

Over the centuries various writers and thinkers, looking at humans from an outside perspective, have been struck by the theatrical quality of social life.


(A) Some people are better actors than others. Evil types such as Iago in the play Othello are able to conceal their hostile intentions behind a friendly smile. 1

(B) Others are able to act with more confidence and bravado — they often become leaders. People with excellent acting skills can better navigate our complex social environments and get ahead. 2

(C) The most famous quote expressing this comes from Shakespeare: "All the world's a stage, / And all the men and women merely players; / They have their exits and their entrances, / And one man in his time plays many parts." If the theater and actors were traditionally represented by the image of masks, writers such as Shakespeare are implying that all of us are constantly wearing masks. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


5. 2062-22

 

Personal blind spots are areas that are visible to others but not to you.


(A) That truck you don't see? It's really there! So are your blind spots. 1

(B) The developmental challenge of blind spots is that you don't know what you don't know. Like that area in the side mirror of your car where you can't see that truck in the lane next to you, personal blind spots can easily be overlooked because you are completely unaware of their presence. They can be equally dangerous as well. 0

(C) Just because you don't see them, doesn't mean they can't run you over. This is where you need to enlist the help of others. You have to develop a crew of special people, people who are willing to hold up that mirror, who not only know you well enough to see that truck, but who also care enough about you to let you know that it's there. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


6. 2062-23

 

A child whose behavior is out of control improves when clear limits on their behavior are set and enforced.


(A) Too many limits are difficult to learn and may spoil the normal development of autonomy. The limit must be reasonable in terms of the child's age, temperament, and developmental level. To be effective, both parents (and other adults in the home) must enforce limits. 1

(B) Otherwise, children may effectively split the parents and seek to test the limits with the more indulgent parent. In all situations, to be effective, punishment must be brief and linked directly to a behavior. 2

(C) However, parents must agree on where a limit will be set and how it will be enforced. The limit and the consequence of breaking the limit must be clearly presented to the child. Enforcement of the limit should be consistent and firm. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


7. 2062-24

 

Many inventions were invented thousands of years ago so it can be difficult to know their exact origins.


(A) For many years archaeologists believed that pottery was first invented in the Near East (around modern Iran) where they had found pots dating back to 9,000 BC. In the 1960s, however, older pots from 10,000 BC were found on Honshu Island, Japan. There is always a possibility that in the future archaeologists will find even older pots somewhere else. 2

(B) Sometimes scientists discover a model of an early invention and from this model they can accurately tell us how old it is and where it came from. However, there is always the possibility that in the future other scientists will discover an even older model of the same invention in a different part of the world. 0

(C) In fact, we are forever discovering the history of ancient inventions. An example of this is the invention of pottery. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


8. 2062-25

 

The graph above shows the amount of the electric car stock in five countries in 2014 and 2016.


(A) All five countries had more electric car stock in 2016 than in 2014. In 2014, the electric car stock of the United States ranked first among the five countries, followed by that of China. 0

(B) In the Netherlands, the electric car stock was not more than three times larger in 2016 than in 2014. 2

(C) However, China showed the biggest increase of electric car stock from 2014 to 2016, surpassing the United States in electric car stock in 2016. Between 2014 and 2016, the increase in electric car stock in Japan was less than that in Norway. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


9. 2062-26

 

The impala is one of the most graceful four‒legged animals.


(A) The breeding season occurs at the end of the wet season around May. Females give birth in an isolated spot away from the herd. The average life span of an impala is between 13 and 15 years in the wild. 2

(B) Impalas have the ability to adapt to different environments of the savannas. Both male and female impalas are similar in color, with white bellies and black‒tipped ears. Male impalas have long and pointed horns which can measure 90 centimeters in length. 0

(C) Female impalas have no horns. Impalas feed upon grass, fruits, and leaves from trees. When conditions are harsh in the dry season, they come together to search for food in mixed herds which can number as many as 100-200 individuals. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


10. 2062-29

 

Every farmer knows that the hard part is getting the field prepared.


(A) But to really understand what he accomplished requires looking beyond the man. Instead of treating him as the manifestation of everything great, we should appreciate his role in allowing America to show that it can be great. 2

(B) We need to give more credit to the community in science, politics, business, and daily life. Martin Luther King Jr. was a great man. Perhaps his greatest strength was his ability to inspire people to work together to achieve, against all odds, revolutionary changes in society's perception of race and in the fairness of the law. 1

(C) Inserting seeds and watching them grow is easy. In the case of science and industry, the community prepares the field, yet society tends to give all the credit to the individual who happens to plant a successful seed. Planting a seed does not necessarily require overwhelming intelligence; creating an environment that allows seeds to prosper does. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


11. 2062-30

 

Sudden success or winnings can be very dangerous.


(A) We do not take into account the role that luck plays in such sudden gains. We try again and again to recapture that high from winning so much money or attention. We acquire feelings of superiority. 1

(B) We become especially resistant to anyone who tries to warn us— they don't understand, we tell ourselves. Because this cannot be sustained, we experience an inevitable fall, which is all the more painful, leading to the depression part of the cycle. Although gamblers are the most prone to this, it equally applies to business people during bubbles and to people who gain sudden attention from the public. 2

(C) Neurologically, chemicals are released in the brain that give a powerful burst of excitement and energy, leading to the desire to repeat this experience. It can be the start of any kind of addiction or manic behavior. Also, when gains come quickly we tend to lose sight of the basic wisdom that true success, to really last, must come through hard work. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


12. 2062-31

 

When is the right time for the predator to consume the fruit?


(A) That makes for a win‒win for predator and prey. The animal obtains more calories, and because it keeps eating more and more fruit and therefore more seeds, the plant has a better chance of distributing more of its babies. 2

(B) The plant uses the color of the fruit to signal to predators that it is ripe, which means that the seed's hull has hardened — and therefore the sugar content is at its height. Incredibly, the plant has chosen to manufacture fructose, instead of glucose, as the sugar in the fruit. 0

(C) Glucose raises insulin levels in primates and humans, which initially raises levels of leptin, a hunger‒blocking hormone — but fructose does not. As a result, the predator never receives the normal message that it is full. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


13. 2062-32

 

We are often faced with high‒level decisions, where we are unable to predict the results of those decisions.


(A) Therefore, I used this process by enrolling in a low‒cost mini course with the same instructor. This helped me understand his methodology, style, and content; and I was able to test it with a lower investment, and less time and effort before committing fully to the expensive program. 2

(B) In many situations, it's wise to dip your toe in the water rather than dive in headfirst. Recently, I was about to enroll in an expensive coaching program. But I was not fully convinced of how the outcome would be. 1

(C) In such situations, most people end up quitting the option altogether, because the stakes are high and results are very unpredictable. But there is a solution for this. You should use the process of testing the option on a smaller scale. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


14. 2062-33

 

Sociologists have proven that people bring their own views and values to the culture they encounter; books, TV programs, movies, and music may affect everyone, but they affect different people in different ways.


(A) This demonstrates why it's a mistake to assume that a certain cultural product will have the same effect on everyone. 2

(B) In a study, Neil Vidmar and Milton Rokeach showed episodes of the sitcom All in the Family to viewers with a range of different views on race. The show centers on a character named Archie Bunker, an intolerant bigot who often gets into fights with his more progressive family members. 0

(C) Vidmar and Rokeach found that viewers who didn't share Archie Bunker's views thought the show was very funny in the way it made fun of Archie's absurd racism ― in fact, this was the producers' intention. On the other hand, though, viewers who were themselves bigots thought Archie Bunker was the hero of the show and that the producers meant to make fun of his foolish family! 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


15. 2062-34

 

The availability heuristic refers to a common mistake that our brains make by assuming that the instances or examples that come to mind easily are also the most important or prevalent.


(A) Managers give more weight to performance during the three months prior to the evaluation than to the previous nine months of the evaluation period because the recent instances dominate their memories. The availability heuristic is influenced by the ease of recall or retrievability of information of some event. Ease of recall suggests that if something is more easily recalled in your memory, you think that it will occur with a high probability. 2

(B) According to Harvard professor, Max Bazerman, managers conducting performance appraisals often fall victim to the availability heuristic. The recency of events highly influences a supervisor's opinion during performance appraisals. 1

(C) It shows that we make our decisions based on the recency of events. We often misjudge the frequency and magnitude of the events that have happened recently because of the limitations of our memories. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


16. 2062-35

 

Marketing management is concerned not only with finding and increasing demand but also with changing or even reducing it.


(A) For example, Uluru (Ayers Rock) might have too many tourists wanting to climb it, and Daintree National Park in North Queensland can become overcrowded in the tourist season. Power companies sometimes have trouble meeting demand during peak usage periods. 0

(B) Thus, marketing management seeks to affect the level, timing, and nature of demand in a way that helps the organisation achieve its objectives.2

(C) In these and other cases of excess demand, the needed marketing task, called demarketing, is to reduce demand temporarily or permanently. The aim of demarketing is not to completely destroy demand, but only to reduce or shift it to another time, or even another product. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


17. 2062-36

 

The invention of the mechanical clock was influenced by monks who lived in monasteries that were the examples of order and routine.


(A) They ate at meal time, rather than when they were hungry, and went to bed when it was time, rather than when they were sleepy. Even periodicals and fashions became "yearly." The world had become orderly. 2

(B) The discovery of the pendulum in the seventeenth century led to the widespread use of clocks and enormous public clocks. Eventually, keeping time turned into serving time. People started to follow the mechanical time of clocks rather than their natural body time. 1

(C) They had to keep accurate time so that monastery bells could be rung at regular intervals to announce the seven hours of the day reserved for prayer. Early clocks were nothing more than a weight tied to a rope wrapped around a revolving drum. Time was determined by watching the length of the weighted rope. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


18. 2062-37

 

Since we know we can't completely eliminate our biases, we need to try to limit the harmful impacts they can have on the objectivity and rationality of our decisions and judgments.


(A) Then we can choose an appropriate de‒biasing strategy to combat it. After we have implemented a strategy, we should check in again to see if it worked in the way we had hoped. 1

(B) If it did, we can move on and make an objective and informed decision. If it didn't, we can try the same strategy again or implement a new one until we are ready to make a rational judgment. 2

(C) It is important that we are aware when one of our cognitive biases is activated and make a conscious choice to overcome that bias. We need to be aware of the impact the bias has on our decision making process and our life. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


19. 2062-38

 

It is important to remember that computers can only carry out instructions that humans give them.


(A) A computer cannot make independent decisions, however, or formulate steps for solving problems, unless programmed to do so by humans. Even with sophisticated artificial intelligence, which enables the computer to learn and then implement what it learns, the initial programming must be done by humans. Thus, a human‒ computer combination allows the results of human thought to be translated into efficient processing of large amounts of data. 2

(B) Synergy occurs when combined resources produce output that exceeds the sum of the outputs of the same resources employed separately. A computer works quickly and accurately; humans work relatively slowly and make mistakes. 1

(C) Computers can process data accurately at far greater speeds than people can, yet they are limited in many respects ―most importantly, they lack common sense. However, combining the strengths of these machines with human strengths creates synergy. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


20. 2062-39

 

For hundreds of thousands of years our hunter‒gatherer ancestors could survive only by constantly communicating with one another through nonverbal cues.


(A) We are not trained, however, to pay attention to people's nonverbal cues. By sheer habit, we fixate on the words people say, while also thinking about what we'll say next. What this means is that we are using only a small percentage of the potential social skills we all possess. 2

(B) With these counterforces battling inside us, we cannot completely control what we communicate. Our real feelings continually leak out in the form of gestures, tones of voice, facial expressions, and posture. 1

(C) Developed over so much time, before the invention of language, that is how the human face became so expressive, and gestures so elaborate. We have a continual desire to communicate our feelings and yet at the same time the need to conceal them for proper social functioning. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


21. 2062-40

 

Why do we help?


(A) Others believe that we help because we have been socialized to do so, through norms that prescribe how we ought to behave. Through socialization, we learn the reciprocity norm: the expectation that we should return help, not harm, to those who have helped us. In our relations with others of similar status, the reciprocity norm compels us to give (in favors, gifts, or social invitations) about as much as we receive. 2

(B) Social psychologists call it social exchange theory. If you are considering whether to donate blood, you may weigh the costs of doing so (time, discomfort, and anxiety) against the benefits (reduced guilt, social approval, and good feelings). If the rewards exceed the costs, you will help. 1

(C) One widely held view is that self‒interest underlies all human interactions, that our constant goal is to maximize rewards and minimize costs. Accountants call it cost‒benefit analysis. Philosophers call it utilitarianism. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


22. 2062-4142

 

An organization imported new machinery with the capacity to produce quality products at a lesser price.


(A) A manager was responsible for large quantities in a relatively short span of time. He started with the full utilization of the new machinery. He operated it 24/7 at maximum capacity. He paid the least attention to downtime, recovery breaks or the general maintenance of the machinery. 0

(B) The new manager had to put significant time and effort into repair and maintenance of the machines, which resulted in lower production and thus a loss of profits. The earlier manager had only taken care of the goal of production and ignored the machinery although he had short‒term good results. But ultimately not giving attention to recovery and maintenance resulted in long‒term negative consequences. 2

(C) As the machinery was new, it continued to produce results and, therefore, the organization's profitability soared and the manager was appreciated for his performance. Now after some time, this manager was promoted and transferred to a different location. A new manager came in his place to be in charge of running the manufacturing location. But this manager realized that with heavy utilization and without any downtime for maintenance, a lot of the parts of the machinery were significantly worn and needed to be replaced or repaired. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


23. 2062-4345

 

Maria Sutton was a social worker in a place where the average income was very low.


(A) To her surprise, staff members began to open their purses. The story of Alice's gift had spread beyond Maria's office, and Maria was able to raise $300―plenty for a Christmas gift for Karen and her son. On Christmas Eve, Maria and Alice visited Karen's house with Christmas gifts. When Karen opened the door, Maria and Alice wished the astonished woman a merry Christmas. Then Alice began to unload the gifts from the car, handing them to Karen one by one. Karen laughed in disbelief, and said she hoped she would one day be able to do something similar for someone else in need. On her way home, Maria said to Alice, "God multiplied your gift." 2

(B) Many of Maria's clients had lost their jobs when the coal industry in a nearby town collapsed. Every Christmas season, knowing how much children loved presents at Christmas, Maria tried to arrange a special visit from Santa Claus for one family. Alice, the seven‒year‒old daughter of Maria, was very enthusiastic about helping with her mother's Christmas event. This year's lucky family was a 25‒year‒old mother named Karen and her 3‒year‒old son, who she was raising by herself. However, things went wrong. Two weeks before Christmas Day, a representative from a local organization called Maria to say that the aid she had requested for Karen had fallen through. No Santa Claus. No presents. 0

(C) Maria saw the cheer disappear from Alice's face at the news. After hearing this, she ran to her room. When Alice returned, her face was set with determination. She counted out the coins from her piggy bank: $4. "Mom," she told Maria, "I know it's not much. But maybe this will buy a present for the kid." Maria gave her daughter a lovely hug. The next day, Maria told her coworkers about her daughter's latest project. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


[ANSWER]
1. ② 2. ④ 3. ① 4. ④ 5. ② 6. ④ 7. ③ 8. ① 9. ③ 10. ⑤


11. ④ 12. ③ 13. ⑤ 14. ③ 15. ⑤ 16. ① 17. ⑤ 18. ④ 19. ⑤ 20. ⑤


21. ⑤ 22. ① 23. ③ 

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20sw | Since 2005 임희재 | 블루티쳐학원 | 01033383436 | 200710 22:53:52

 

순서배열

 

1. 20수완 2-1

 

Adolescents' understanding of a task and the work necessary to complete it successfully influence their motivation.


(A) If a teacher assigns a chapter to read for homework without letting the students know that they are expected to discuss the major developments in the chapter the next day, then students do not understand the "real" assignment, nor do they know how to complete it successfully. 0

(B) For example, in assigning a textbook chapter for reading, the teacher should be clear about why the reading is assigned and what students are expected to do as a result of reading it. Provide guidance by giving examples of strategies that students can use in reading the chapter and relate that to successful participation in the discussion to enhance motivation for performing the reading activity. 2

(C) Goals and expectations for reading and writing assignments should be clear and specific. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


2. 20수완 2-01

 

The understanding problem is simply that humans are not really set up to hear logic.


(A) We understand events in terms of other events we have already understood. When a decision-making heuristic, or rule of thumb, is presented to us without a context, we cannot decide the validity of the rule we have heard, nor do we know where to store this rule in our memories. Thus, the rule we are given is both difficult to evaluate and difficult to remember, making it virtually useless. 1

(B) People who fail to couch what they have to say in memorable stories will have their rules fall on deaf ears despite their best intentions, and despite the best intentions of their listeners. A good teacher is not one who explains things correctly, but one who couches his explanations in a memorable (i.e., an interesting) format. 2

(C) People, however, like to hear stories. The reason that people like to hear stories, however, is not transparent to them. People need a context to help them relate what they have heard to what they already know. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


3. 20수완 2-02

 

Directness and honesty are qualities that our society values highly.


(A) Until we have good reason to know and trust the people behind the instant message pop-up or the chat room screen, we should remain anonymous and it is not dishonest to do so. 2

(B) We expect people to be who they say they are and tell us the truth about themselves. Before the advent of computers, anyone who used an assumed name was thought to be hiding something disreputable. 0

(C) Inexperienced computer users may continue to feel this way about online contacts. Because so many of the cues that we use to evaluate people are missing in cyberspace, computer users need to understand that virtual meeting places are different from face-to face contacts. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


4. 20수완 2-03

 

To appreciate the long-term benefits of industrialization one does not have to accept its cruelties.


(A) Progress consists of unbundling the features of a social process as much as we can to maximize the human benefits while minimizing the harms. 2

(B) One can imagine an alternative history of the Industrial Revolution in which modern sensibilities applied earlier and the factories operated without children and with better working conditions for the adults. Today there are doubtless factories in the developing world that could offer as many jobs and still tum a profit while treating their workers more humanely. 0

(C) Pressure from trade negotiators and consumer protests has measurably improved working conditions in many places, and it is a natural progression as countries get richer and more integrated into the global community. Progress consists not in accepting every change as part of an indivisible package - as if we had to make a yes-or-no decision on whether the Industrial Revolution, or globalization, is a good thing or bad thing, exactly as each has unfolded in every detail. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


5. 20수완 2-04

 

As for the advice to say what you said, the key is the expression "in other words."


(A) A summary should repeat enough of the key words to allow the reader to connect it back to the earlier passages that spelled out the points in detail. But those words should be fitted into new sentences that work together as a coherent passage of prose in its own right. 1

(B) There's no sense in copying a sentence from every paragraph and pasting them together at the end. That just forces the reader to figure out the point of those sentences all over again, and it is tantamount to a confession that the author isn't presenting ideas (which can always be clothed in different language) but just shuffling words around the page. 0

(C) The summary should be self-contained, almost as if the material being summarized had never existed. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


6. 20수완 3-1

 

Because mobile phones are highly personal items (ie, they go with us everywhere and often are in constant contact with our bodies), many critics of wireless advertising (as well as advertisers themselves) are concerned that unwanted messages represent an invasion of privacy.


(A) In addition to privacy invasion, others are skeptical about wireless advertising's future on the grounds that advertising is antithetical to the reasons that people own mobile phones in the first place. 1

(B) The argument, in other words, is that people own mobile phones for reasons of enhancing time utilization and increasing work-related productivity while away from the workplace or home, and the last thing they want while using these devices is to receive unwanted, interrupting advertising messages. 2

(C) Feeling invaded, recipients of undesired advertisements may immediately delete the intruding item and hold negative feelings toward the offending advertiser. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


7. 20수완 3-01

 

Marine debris affects animals through ingesting it or getting entangled in it; it is estimated that up to 100,000 marine mammals, including endangered species, are killed each year by marine debris.


(A) Large amounts of plastic debris have been found in the habitat of endangered Hawaiian monk seals, including in areas that serve as nurseries. Entanglement in plastic debris has led to injury and deaths in endangered Steller sea lions, with packing bands the most common entangling material. 1

(B) Very serious effects happen when marine animals become entangled in debris such as fishing line and six-pack rings. Birds get fishing line entangled around their legs, which get injured and may be lost. 0

(C) Hatchling sea turtles run down the beach to the ocean, a critical phase in their life cycle. Debris can be a major impediment if they get entangled in fishing nets or trapped in containers such as plastic cups and open canisters. Marine debris is an aspect of habitat quality for nesting sites and may help explain declines in turtle nest numbers on certain beaches. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


8. 20수완 3-02

 

Regulations covering scientific experiments on human subjects are stringent.


(A) Human anatomy and physiology vary, in small but significant ways, according to gender, age, lifestyle, and other factors. Experimental results derived from a single subject are, therefore, of limited value. There is no way to know whether the subject's responses are typical or atypical of the response of humans as a group. 2

(B) Nonetheless, experimenting on oneself remains deeply problematic. One obvious drawback is the danger involved. Knowing that it exists does nothing to reduce it. A less obvious drawback is the limited range of data that the experiment can generate. 1

(C) Subjects must give their informed, written consent, and experimenters must submit their proposed experiments to rigorous scrutiny by overseeing bodies. Scientists who experiment on themselves can, functionally if not legally, avoid the restrictions associated with experimenting on other people. They can also sidestep most of the ethical issues involved. Nobody, presumably, is more aware of an experiment's potential hazards than the scientist who devised it. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


9. 20수완 3-03

 

In many schools, the art program traditionally has been viewed as a particularly favorable setting for educating students with special needs.


(A) Children with hearing impairment can visually observe a demonstration of color mixing with paint and try the process with immediately verifiable results, and children with motor disabilities can work with finger paints or with large brushes for painting. 2

(B) In art classes, children are able to interact with such materials as paint or clay in direct response to their senses of sight, sound, smell, and touch. The materials of art are sensory, concrete, and manipulable in direct ways that are unique within the school curriculum. 0

(C) All the senses can be brought into interaction, providing opportunities to adapt art making activities for students who have some sensory or mobility impairment. For example, children with visual impairment can form expressive objects with clay. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


10. 20수완 3-04

 

Medical imaging techniques are constantly being refined, and this effort has been aided by various space technologies over the years.


(A) Digital image processing techniques developed at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory to allow for computer enhancement of lunar pictures from the Apollo missions have since led to improved MRI and CT imaging. Techniques in astronomy have also refined imaging. 0

(B) Moreover, the procedure is ten times cheaper than a surgical biopsy, and greatly reduces the pain, scarring, radiation exposure and time associated with surgical biopsies. 2

(C) The very same infrared sensors used to remotely observe the temperature of stars and planets are now being used to help surgeons map brain tumors. Charge-Coupled Device chip technologies stemming from the Hubble Telescope have greatly furthered breast cancer detection techniques, allowing breast tissue to be imaged more clearly and efficiently, thus increasing resolution so as to be able to distinguish between malignant and benign tumors without resorting to surgical biopsy. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


11. 20수완 4-1

 

As the health of the social body began to change, hospitals became the primary institutions to care for the sick and monitor the passage from life to death.


(A) The dramatic rise in the number of hospitals across the country and their increasing control over the health of the nation contributed to the separation of death from everyday life. As doctors achieved professional dominance in the practice of medicine in the early decades of the twentieth century, hospitals emerged as the principal site for the diagnosis and treatment of patients. 0

(B) An 1873 survey counted 178 hospitals, about 50 of which were institutions for the mentally ill. A 1923 tabulation listed 6,830, or an increase of about 3,800 percent. While this change was most dramatic in the urban landscape, it also occurred gradually in rural areas. It should be no surprise that one consequence was an increase in the number of deaths away from home, the traditional place for end of life scenarios. 2

(C) In the words of one social historian, Whereas doctors came to patients in the 1870s, by the 1920s, patients increasingly came to doctors. Over this time span, the American hospital changed in size and clientele. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


12. 20수완 4-01

 

The way in which people shape landscapes often reflects the dominant culture.


(A) In a highly commercialized setting such as the United States, it is not surprising that many landscapes are seen as commodities. In other words, they are valued because of their market potential. 0

(B) The landscape itself, including the people and their sense of self, takes on the form of a commodity. Over time, the landscape identity can evolve into a sort of "logo" that can be used to sell the stories of the landscape. Thus, California's "Wine Country," Florida's "Sun Coast," or South Dakota's "Badlands" shape how both outsiders and residents perceive a place, and these labels build a set of expectations associated with the culture of those who live there. 2

(C) Residents develop an identity in part based on how the landscape can generate income for the community. This process involves more than the conversion of the natural elements into commodities. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


13. 20수완 4-02

 

There are multiple views of the learner in theories of cognition, just as there are multiple theories of the nature of art.


(A) Some portray the learner as a lone individual trying to make sense of a work of art or, for that matter, the world. Others picture learners as living within a social or cultural context from which knowledge derives its meaning. 0

(B) But if works of art are thought of as autonomous structures whose meaning is set by the artist, where there is one "objective" or "right" interpretation, independent of its social context, then it might make more sense to pair this conception of art with the view of the learner as a lone individual. 2

(C) Such different views of the learner have consequences for teaching the arts. At the same time, if works of art are to be understood in terms of their social and cultural origins and purposes, then it would make sense to integrate the knowledge of the artwork into those subjects, such as the social studies or history, where knowledge of the culture and society is collaterally provided. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


14. 20수완 4-03

 

You may resist the notion that music, which you think should be free to express emotion, is best thought of as rule-governed behavior.


(A) But rules govern all meaningful human cultural behavior in just this way. The point is not that musical performance is predetermined by rules, but that it proceeds according to them. 0

(B) Nonetheless, just as meaningful conversations can express emotion, so meaningful music can express it as well, though not, of course, in exactly the same way. Further, if a listener does not understand the rules, he or she can understand neither the intention of the composer or musician nor the music's structure. 2

(C) In this view, music is like a game or a conversation. Without rules we could not have a game, and without agreement about what words are, what they mean, and how they are used, we could not hold a meaningful conversation. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


15. 20수완 4-04

 

Since the 19th century, economics has borne the dishonorable name of "the dismal science."


(A) But Carlyle's negative characterization of economics in fact appears in an article that he wrote about slavery in the West Indies, not in any of his writings about Malthus. And, as it turns out, Carlyle delivered his insult to economics simply because the free market economists of his time did not support his proslavery views. So, in the end, economics earned its less than auspicious nickname for being on what most would agree was the right side of history. 2

(B) The cheerless nickname has been attributed by some to the Scottish historian Thomas Carlyle, who reportedly coined the term when discussing economist Thomas Malthus's prediction that one day population growth would outstrip food production and cause widespread famine. It's true that Carlyle wrote about Malthus on occasion. 1

(C) Some people think economics is called "the dismal science" because it's a dry and difficult subject. Others think it's because economics tackles depressing topics such as poverty, crime, war, taxes, inflation, and economic collapse. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


16. 20수완 8-1

 

The abundant supply of commercial fertilizers has made possible the production of large crops on land that was once considered "worn out".


(A) This applies particularly to phosphorus, much of which is chemically fixed in the soil; the same is true to a lesser extent of nitrogen and potassium. Heavy fertilization that results in large yields also commonly slowly increases the soil organic matter content if the soil was very low in it initially, and necessarily the nitrogen content of the soil. 1

(B) It has also led to improved practices with regard to drainage, erosion control, and many other practices because fertilizers make it profitable to spend money on soils to put them in the best possible condition for high yields. Not all of the added fertilizer is removed by the first one or two crops but some of it remains fixed in the soil in a slowly available form. 0

(C) The result then is that fertilizers tend to increase soil fertility, or at least soil productivity. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


17. 20수완 8-01

 

Communal living became a necessity because the community and the division of labour through which all individuals subordinate themselves to the group, ensured the continued existence of the species.


(A) Consider the difficulties of childbirth and the extraordinary care necessary for keeping a child alive during its infancy! This prolonged care and attention could only be exercised where division of labour existed. 1

(B) Think of the number of illnesses and disorders that human flesh is heir to, particularly in infancy, and you have some conception of the inordinate amount of care each human life demands, and some understanding of the need for communal living. The community is the best guarantor of the continued existence of human beings! 2

(C) Only division of labour (which is another way of saying civilization) is capable of ensuring that the tools of survival are available to humankind. Only after they had learned about the division of labour did humans learn how to assert themselves. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


18. 20수완 8-02

 

Remember the Great Blackout of 2003?


(A) But some do. For example, back in February 2000, cyberpranksters launched the first major attack of the Internet Age. Their targets included the biggest of the big online operators. The weapon in this case was a "denial of service" attack where attackers bombard a target's servers with thousands of hits. 2

(B) A glitch in the US electrical grid knocked out power in a huge swath stretching from New York City to the Midwest. Similar incidents struck Italy and Norway in 2003. Technical breakdowns that happen on a grand scale also happen on a small scale to individual businesses. Everyone knows what it's like when the company server goes down. 0

(C) You cannot send or receive e-mail. Access to your databases evaporates. Customers cannot place orders on your Web site. Short interruptions, of course, rarely constitute a crisis. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


19. 20수완 8-03

 

In 1843, German economist Wilhelm Roscher explicitly raised the issue of the need to use the historical method in economics, the essential element of which should be a comparative approach.


(A) Roscher argued that economic behaviours are dependent on their historical and social context, causes that in their studies should be used not only in an economic but also a historical and sociological approach. 0

(B) This explains why so much effort of the representatives of the so-called older historical school, notably Bruno Hildebrand and Karl Knies, focused on describing the stages of the historical development of society. There is often talk of the methodological assumption common to most representatives of this school of thought, shared by their English counterparts, which was a denial of the existence of universally valid economic laws in conjunction with the emphasis on the importance of individual facts. 2

(C) The first task of a researcher is therefore to immerse oneself in history to get as wide a knowledge of economic facts as possible, and on that basis determine the relationship between the economy and society. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


20. 20수완 8-04

 

A guarantee of authenticity through a form of certification is important to many tourist consumers.


(A) The same study also noted that domestic tourists from New Zealand, as well as visitors from Australia and Asia, considered verification of genuineness on labels very important in their purchasing decisions, while visitors from Europe and North America were less concerned with the issue. 2

(B) Documentation of legitimacy may be provided in the form of official paperwork and certificates, photographs, artisans' signatures, and dates. In their 1993 paper, Littrell and her colleagues suggest that it is typically tourists with a need for status who often judge authenticity by external markers such as these. 0

(C) According to nearly half of the visitors in one New Zealand study, authenticity was important in their decision to buy an item of clothing. When asked if they would be more likely to buy clothing from New Zealand if design authenticity were included on the label, 46% said that they would. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


21. 20수완 9-1

 

A paradoxical effect of better communications has been social fragmentation and isolation.


(A) Today there are many new ways in which people are able to lead rich and fulfilling social lives. And yet the social fabric that connected people at the local, geographical level has largely disappeared. And the trend towards social fragmentation just keeps on increasing. Many technological changes were introduced in the name of efficiency and time-saving for the consumer.1

(B) It is more convenient if you can do your banking online from home. But the unforeseen side effect is to chip away at our exposure to social contact. Perhaps the most serious consequence is that convenient technologies are fragmenting the social networks that reinforce important moral, ethical and social values. 2

(C) Social contact is a fundamental human need. We are social animals. Technological innovation has contributed relentlessly to the isolation of people from one another. As the increasing frequency of people dying alone reveals, all is not well in modern society. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


22. 20수완 9-01

 

While humor is one of the important coping mechanisms of Native Americans, it should be used only if the client invites it, meaning that the client trusts the counselor enough to connect on that level.


(A) Indian humor serves the purpose of reaffirming and enhancing the sense of connectedness as part of family, clan, and tribe. To the extent that it can serve that purpose in the counseling relationship, it is all the better. 2

(B) What, in one situation, can be humor between two people, in another can be interpreted as ridicule or wearing a mask. Counselors, therefore, have to be sensitive to using humor in a way that doesn't reinforce various means of oppression that the client has endured probably for all of her or his life. 0

(C) However, in the positive direction, humor provides the opportunity to connect with the client on her or his ground and share a powerful trust. In sum, although counselors working with Native American clients should exercise caution when using humor, they definitely should not overlook it as a powerful therapeutic technique. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


23. 20수완 9-02

 

For millions of years man and his closest ancestors obtained food (and medicinal substances) from nature in a ready form.


(A) The sharp fall in rural populations that accompanied the growth of cities and the development of so-called public catering necessitated the production and storage of enormous quantities of food products. This coincided with the emergence of a second way of deriving material benefits - 'production'. But side by side with production, in the sense of the creation of completely new objects for consumption, goes the process of purification (distillation, refinement, etc.). 1

(B) We have called this process 'anti-gathering'. It has led to finely ground flour products, polished rice and other grain removed from the husk, refined oil, and refined sugar. The choice of vegetables and wild-growing plants has shrunk; pure spirits such as vodka have replaced natural wines. 2

(C) There was nothing to prevent the whole diversity of biologically active substances from entering his body. Cooking food was an individual domestic affair. 'Gathering' was the first way man received material benefits. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


24. 20수완 9-03

 

In the offline world, bystander helping is influenced by the number of other people available to provide help.


(A) The combination of visible needs for help and unknown numbers of potential helpers may make the felt need to offer help more salient. Until one person actually offers help, every potential helper may assume that he or she is the only one who could help. 1

(B) Physical invisibility also reduces the barriers to offering help for people whose age, gender, race, or other visible attributes lead people to discount their contributions in the offline world, regardless of their actual usefulness. Help provided is not spumed on the basis of irrelevant physical or social attributes; it can be judged based solely on its quality. 2

(C) If people see that others are available to help, their own motivation to help is diminished. In the online world, it is hard to know how many potential helpers are available. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


25. 20수완 9-04

 

Fear of strangers (xenophobia) has had a long history.


(A) They do not share our history, our beliefs or ideology, our religion or our work ethic so they are unwelcome. They do not have to be afforded equal consideration in the application of our values or laws. Racism and prejudice are passed along from generation to generation in a process known as cultural transmission. 1

(B) Foreigners, an out-group, were seen as threatening simply by being different. Immigration policies have continued to reflect this concern that foreigners use up our resources, take our jobs, and become a burden or threat to society. People from other lands and other groups gain a negative stereotype. 0

(C) Primary groups reinforce prejudices and stereotypes during socialization. The media disproportionately report negatives about minorities (out-groups), institutions advance discriminatory practices, and governments institute programs and policies that deny equal opportunity. As these become entrenched, they are difficult to challenge. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


26. 20수완 10-1

 

The history of virtue ethics goes back to Aristotle in The Nicomachean Ethics.


(A) This leads to circularity, to a life of purposelessness. Take the following example. I go to work to earn money. I earn money to enable me to purchase food. I purchase food so that I can eat. 1

(B) I eat in order to go to work. I work to earn money. According to Aristotle, the purpose of all our acts is that they are directed to some ultimate good. We should seek to know the good so that we are able to direct our actions to that end. Without trying to know the good we avoid the fundamental purpose for human life. 2

(C) As in the rest of his philosophy, the notion of purpose (goal, ends) plays an integral role in Aristotle's ethical theory. Every act, he says, is performed for some purpose. He defined this purpose as 'the good'. In other words, we do the things we do because they have a worthwhile purpose. Otherwise, the acts we perform would depend on some other act to give them meaning and so forth. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


27. 20수완 10-01

 

If the hypothesis under consideration is a simple generalization, it may be sufficient to test it by looking for more examples, seeing whether or not the generalization holds for them.


(A) If the generalization has any reasonable body of supporting data, the finding of new facts which do not fit usually leads to the refinement or elaboration of the original hypothesis rather than its complete rejection. 1

(B) On the other hand, if the original basis for the hypothesis was slender, the unfavorable instances may so outweigh the favorable ones as to make it reasonable to believe that the earlier agreement was a matter of pure chance. Also, a new hypothesis may be developed which fits the original data and the new data as well. 2

(C) Under these circumstances unfavorable examples which violate the generalization may or may not lead to its rejection. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


28. 20수완 10-02

 

Knowledge — the output of human innovation — is unique among all resources.


(A) It's not a physical resource. It's an information resource. Where all physical resources are depleted by use, and are divided by sharing, knowledge is different. 0

(B) That means the world isn't zero-sum. One person or nation's gain doesn't have to be another's loss. By creating new ideas, we can enrich all of us on the planet, while impoverishing none. Knowledge plays by different rules than physical resources, rules that make it inherently abundant. 2

(C) A wheel may break or wear out, but the idea of the wheel will keep on working. A wheel can only be used in one place and one time, but the design for a wheel can be shared with an infinite number of people, all of whom can benefit from it. Ideas aren't zero-sum. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


29. 20수완 10-03

 

To at least "compare notes" with other philosophically interested people adds something crucial to the practice of philosophy itself and not just because it's important to make your ideas more widely known.


(A) Rather, it helps you hone your ideas to greater quality. Part of this is making sure that your ideas and reasoning process are as clearly spelled out as possible; ensuring that they're clear to someone else helps make them clearer to yourself. 0

(B) This gives both participants in a philosophical exchange an indispensable opportunity to hone their ideas and reasoning skills. Thus, the social component of philosophy is an essential part of the doing of philosophy itself. 2

(C) This is how a philosopher ensures that he or she is really making sense and using valid reasoning processes. If you are challenged by someone who seems to disagree, this forces you to be as clear as possible about what principles you are starting with and exactly how you are reasoning to a given conclusion. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


30. 20수완 10-04

 

In a formalized manner the social structure of the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast is based on intricate forms of clan and family lineage regulated by both birth and wealth.


(A) In this way the ownership and display of ritual clothing was literally the visual fabric of the social order. 2

(B) Rank and privilege were proclaimed by song, speech, and costume in tribal cultures where relative status in the community was of prime importance. Whole costumes from headgear to leggings were decorated with a readable heraldic system based on familiar animals associated with clan symbolism, and personal, often inherited, spiritual relationships. 0

(C) Costumes were worn at the social and religious events that expressed their highly differentiated and formally structured society. As a new rank was achieved or a fresh honor bestowed upon an individual, the concurrent rise in prestige and status was often marked by that person's right to wear another highly specialized symbolic garment. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


31. 20수완 11-1

 

Unexpected events typically lead us to think in more complex ways.


(A) Subjects in one study read about a student who had done either well or poorly in high school and then learned about the student's college grades. For some of the subjects, their expectations were confirmed. For example, the good student in high school received good grades in college. 0

(B) Subjects who learned of the unexpected outcome considered many more causal attributions (eg, "perhaps he did much better than expected because he finally learned how to study") than subjects who simply had their expectation confirmed. This study demonstrates that unexpected events increase our search for explanations. 2

(C) For others, their expectations were violated. For example, the poor student in high school did unexpectedly well in college. Subjects then retold the story into a tape recorder as if they were relaying it to a friend. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


32. 20수완 11-01

 

There is an old television commercial from the seventies that shows a Native American walking along a polluted river.


(A) Every action has a reaction. You may not realize it today, but someone will in the future. 2

(B) If we pull up our stakes and move the family to Florida, they will grow up as Southerners and not as New Englanders. They will live in a world devoid of snow and cold and be reliant on fans and air conditioners for their comfort. If you work eighteen hours a day and your children are raised by babysitters and other child care providers, do not be surprised at the people they grow up to be. 1

(C) The garbage floats to the top and onto the river banks as a tear flows down his cheek. There are no words spoken by the man but it is clear that he is ashamed and appalled at what we have done to the beautiful land that was once his ancestors'. Every day, we fail to realize that our actions have an impact on the future. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


33. 20수완 11-02

 

In a series of experiments by Jacques Mehler and his colleagues, infants as young as four days old were able to distinguish their native language from a different language, while they were unable to distinguish utterances in two foreign languages.


(A) The babies were more aroused by utterances in the native language, as indicated by the faster rate at which they sucked on their pacifiers. On the basis of several studies indicating that some sound from speech reaches infants in utero, although reduced in frequency range and intensity, Mehler and his colleagues tested very young infants with highly filtered versions of recordings in the native language and one that was nonnative. 0

(B) The experimenters conclude that prosody is sufficient for infants to discriminate the two languages. 2

(C) The infants were able to discriminate preferentially in favor of their native language. This suggests that prosodic cues play an important role in the infants' responses, since those were the only cues available on the filtered tapes. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


34. 20수완 11-03

 

We sometimes solve number problems almost without realizing it.


(A) As long as you do not run out of copies before completing this process, you will know that you have a sufficient number to go around. You have then solved this problem without resorting to arithmetic and without explicit counting. 1

(B) There are numbers at work for us here all the same and they allow precise comparison of one collection with another, even though the members that make up the collections could have entirely different characters, as is the case here, where one set is a collection of people, while the other consists of pieces of paper. What numbers allow us to do is to compare the relative size of one set with another. 2

(C) For example, suppose you are conducting a meeting and you want to ensure that everyone there has a copy of the agenda. You can deal with this by labelling each copy of the handout in turn with the initials of each of those present. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


35. 20수완 11-04

 

For more than two decades, school reform has been driven by an agenda that appears to be uninformed by even the most basic research into what we now know about the functioning of the brain or the healthy development of the child.


(A) Educational leaders and policy makers aren't asking, "What do children need for healthy brain development?" "How do they learn best?" 0

(B) Most reform has been focused on what to cram into children's heads — and testing them ad nauseam to see what sticks — rather than on developing their brains. What this means is that we do more but accomplish less. Educational reforms fail because they hinge on policies that lower the sense of control of students, teachers, and administrators alike, predictably leading to greater stress, lower student engagement, and ever more teacher dissatisfaction and burnout. 2

(C) or "When's the optimal time to teach him or her to read or do algebra?" Rather, they seem to be asking, "What do we need this child to be able to do in order to meet our school, local, or national standards?" 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


36. 20수완 12-1

 

What Mark Twain achieves, with great skill and at tremendous risk, all the way through his book Huckleberry Finn, is an invisible but immense ironic distance between his point of view and Huck's.


(A) Huck might grow up into that kind of man, given a chance. But Huck at this point is an ignorant, prejudiced kid who doesn't know right from wrong (though once, when it really matters, he guesses right). In the tension between that kid's voice and Mark Twain's silence lies much of the power of the book. We have to understand — as soon as we're old enough to read this way — that what the book really says lies in that silence. 2

(B) Huck tells the story. Every word of it is in his voice, from his point of view. Mark is silent. 0

(C) Mark's point of view, particularly as regards slavery and the character Jim, is never stated. It is discernible only in the story itself and the characters — Jim's character, above all. Jim is the only real adult in the book, a kind, warm, strong, patient man, with a delicate and powerful sense of morality. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


37. 20수완 12-01

 

Think of life as a charity foot race.


(A) Winning can be enjoying the scenery, the nice people along the way, or even the time for reflection during the relaxed race. Remember the old rat race analogy — it might be more important not to be a rat than to win the rat race. After all, if you win the rat race, you will still be a rat. 2

(B) The race, like many things in life, will have a similar outcome for most of the participants —they will all reach the finish line. The only difference then, is the process of running the race. What then is the difference between the person, eyes focused straight ahead, who rushes from the starting line to the finish line in a wild dash hope of winning and the person who looks to the right and left and still arrives at the finish line? 0

(C) Not that there's anything wrong with winning races. However, only one person can win by reaching the finish line first, while everyone can win from the standpoint of the process. The key is to develop a personal definition of winning. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


38. 20수완 12-02

 

For many people, the words "Cajun" and "Creole" lead to visions of gumbo, red beans and rice, crawfish, and just about anything that's been "blackened, Cajun-style."


(A) While these culinary traditions are distinctive and delicious, they have overshadowed the many other unique cultural contributions made by Louisiana's Cajun and Creole communities, and are often considered without reference to the social and historical contexts that produced them. 0

(B) As poet Sheryl St. Germain writes in "Cajun," she fears "the word's been stolen" by retail commodifiers of a culture emptied of its content and its history, reduced — quite literally - to an object of consumption. 2

(C) When "Cajun" and "Creole" are reduced to adjectives on menus and food labels, it becomes easy to lose sight of the people those adjectives first described. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


39. 20수완 12-03

 

As Larry Cuban, former president of the American Educational Research Association, points out, schools have spent billions of dollars over the years on technologies that have, in fact, changed very little of how we think about an "education" in the developed world.


(A) In fact, the system almost unwittingly marginalizes digital technologies in schools. We relegate them to labs or libraries, or if we place them in students' hands, they're used only for discrete, narrow purposes like reading textbooks, creating documents, or taking assessments. 1

(B) More often than not, we strip the agency and freedoms that digital tools give to learners and creators outside of school when they bring those same tools into the building. The system of schooling that most of us are products of is based on a series of structures and efficiencies that do not work well with the messier, less linear, more self-organized ways we can learn, create, and connect on the Internet. 0

(C) Few would argue that in schools today, we see technology primarily as an institutional teaching tool, not a personal learning tool. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


40. 20수완 12-04

 

It is pretty well known that creativity functions best with periods of incubation, but it can be really hard to integrate this nothing time into your work practice.


(A) But sleep has been shown to be a very significant part of the creative process which utilizes intuition and insight and which leads you down a much more successful path to problem solving. Therefore, this proves that not only is nothing actually something, but it is in fact crucial. 2

(B) I've always felt a bit guilty about my regular half-hour afternoon naps, partly because I'm so conscious that I'm not doing anything and it often feels more like I'm escaping. 1

(C) However, it is vital unconscious time when our minds are able to rework elements or problems that have arisen through conscious activity and which, more often than not, result in new and fresh ideas. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


41. 20수완 13-1

 

Licenses in copyright work similarly to other licenses that we deal with in everyday life; they give a person or entity permission to do certain acts within certain limits.


(A) When granting a copyright license, the scope of the license may also be bounded by time or by the type of licensee to whom it is granted. It may be restricted by the types of use the licensee may make of the work or by the parts of the bundle of rights granted. 2

(B) These limits are the scope of the license and define which acts are permissible. 0

(C) For example, a person may have a license to practice law in one state but not in another state, and that license to practice law does not also give the licensee a driver's license. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


42. 20수완 13-01

 

The rising challenge today for library workers is to help users not only find information on the Internet, but also become skillful evaluators of its usefulness and reliability from the ocean of resources available.


(A) Staff members in special libraries have a responsibility to sift through and evaluate data for their colleagues. For public librarians and staff, helping users find and evaluate information is central to their mission. 1

(B) In all cases, the library worker's role as an evaluator is just as important as that of a facilitator. For these reasons, libraries remain alive and well, because the Internet complements libraries, but does no replace them. 2

(C) Critical thinking skills are also essential. In school and academic libraries, this responsibility is shared with classroom teachers. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


43. 20수완 13-02

 

Mathematics is one of the most profound creations of the human mind.


(A) How many of the greatest minds in history, from Pythagoras to Galileo to Gauss to Einstein, have held that "God is a mathematician"? 1

(B) For thousands of years, the content of mathematical theories seemed to tell us something profound about the nature of the natural world — something that could not be expressed in any way other than the mathematical. 0

(C) This attitude reveals a reverence for mathematics that is occasioned by the sense that nature has a secret code that reveals her hidden order. The immediate evidence from the natural world may seem to be chaotic and without any inner regularity, but mathematics reveals that under the surface the world of nature has an unexpected simplicity — an extraordinary beauty and order. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


44. 20수완 13-03

 

Sociologist Harry Edwards argues that both sport and religion have a body of formally stated beliefs that are accepted on faith by a great number of adherents.


(A) Belief systems are centered on a creed that followers abide by in varying degrees. 0

(B) The philosopher William James coined the phrase "the will to believe" to express the view that sometimes believing that an event will occur can actually help make it happen. This can be applied to both athletes and fans, who feel that their strong dedication to winning might actually tip the scale and make victory occur. 2

(C) Fans are told to have "faith" in their team, especially in times of turmoil, much in the same manner that religious people are told to have faith in times where they doubt their religion. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


45. 20수완 13-04

 

The advent of technological innovations in sound production has had radical (some might argue liberating) consequences for film scoring and recording.


(A) It is theoretically possible now, in many parts of the world, for a composer to virtually create and produce an entire score, thus eliminating the need for teams of assistants, arrangers, and copyists to realize the score, and live musicians on acoustic instruments to perform it. 0

(B) In Bollywood, for instance, it has become so commonplace for scores to be digitally produced on a synthesizer that the very nomenclature has begun to change, with the term "programmer" replacing "music director." Such changes to film scoring have been so dramatic and the economic consequences so profound that Gregory Booth, in a recent book on the Mumbai film industry, labels the preprogramming years "Old Bollywood" and postprogramming "New Bollywood." 2

(C) In many film industries it is becoming increasingly necessary for composers to have computer expertise. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


46. 20수완 14-1

 

One point of difference between the consumption of water and electricity is that water can be reused multiple times while electricity cannot.


(A) Withdrawn water, on the other hand, can be returned to its original water source. The argument can be made that all water demand eventually returns as precipitation via the hydrologic cycle and therefore is not "consumed". 1

(B) As a result, water can be classified as "consumed" or simply "withdrawn". In the former, water is removed from its source and lost through either evaporation (in the case of power plant cooling or flood irrigation), or transpiration (in the growing of biocrops). 0

(C) However, evaporation and precipitation are both spatially and temporally uneven. Water that is accessible, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, satisfies the immediate needs of water users, whereas future precipitation may not occur in the same location or at the desired timing. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


47. 20수완 14-01

 

Today, Luddite is a disparaging term used to refer to a person who is opposed to or cautiously critical of technology.


(A) But it's important to remember that the original Luddites were not, in fact, opposed to technology per se. It was not the machines themselves that the Luddites feared and reacted against. Rather, they understood that technology is meant to serve humans, not the other way around. 0

(B) Suddenly they were answerable not to themselves but to a factory owner; they had to give up autonomy, or starve. They saw what the machines meant to their livelihood, to their lives, to their families, and to their communities. And they didn't like what they saw. 2

(C) Luddites were not protesting the technology itself; they were objecting to the new economic realities brought about by the machines. In former times, craftsmen had been able to work at their own pace and set their own prices for their goods. But with the dawn of industrialization and mass production, craftsmen fell on hard times and were increasingly forced to work for the hated factories. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


48. 20수완 14-02

 

The free market will tend to oversupply goods with negative externalities, and undersupply goods with positive externalities.


(A) Public goods, on the other hand, are subject to the free-rider problem. Why should I contribute to supply street lights if I will get the benefit whether or not I contribute? But if everyone thinks like this — and the market encourages this type of reasoning — no lighting will be provided. 1

(B) It is easy to see why. Creating a negative externality is often a way of dumping your costs on another: literally. If it is cheaper to use a noisy production process than a quiet one, other people are inadvertently 'subsidizing' my use of the noisy process by bearing the cost of being disturbed by the noise. 0

(C) It is normally assumed that the solution to these problems is to make the state the supplier of public goods, taxing citizens to pay for them. Similarly the state can make pollution illegal, returning the costs to the polluter. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


49. 20수완 14-03

 

The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks left the economy reeling from a lack of spending and confidence.


(A) One industry that was affected the most was the airline industry. This industry suffered huge and insurmountable losses that threatened the survival of the largest airline companies. Without air travel, businesses became slower, less efficient, and less reliable. In this instance, a lack of demand wasn't necessarily indicative of consumers' true feelings toward air travel. 0

(B) The answer depended on time. If the government had stood by and let the economy regulate itself in this situation, the airline industry may have recovered, but in the process, countless more jobs would have been lost. So the government intervened and put together a monetary aid package to keep the airline industry alive. 2

(C) Rather, this lack of demand was created by an extreme disaster. So the question became, what should be done? Should the government have let the forces of supply and demand take over and eventually revamp the airline industry? Or should the government have taken a more proactive approach? 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


50. 20수완 14-04

 

While time is being compressed by the frantic pace of modern life, our sense of space has expanded to the point where the concept of place is no longer salient.


(A) While democratic in appearance, in reality these spaces are designed to coordinate economic activity across nodes in the global commodity chain, obedient to the protocols of external control, with every public space given over to marketing the same products to consumers seduced by ahistorical, transregional brands created by the advertising industry. 1

(B) Most public spaces are now commercial spaces standardized to provide comfort zones and facilitate easy access and mobility by anyone who might enter - a famous coffee shop on every corner, with vast swathes of every city resembling an airport terminal. 0

(C) In the process, genuinely local places are stripped of uniqueness and particularity. Each location resembles every other location, and only the occasional extraordinary effort on the part of the locals preserves a genuine sense of place. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


51. 20수완 15-1

 

Businesses that own enterprises and seek to market their goods and services in more than one nation are known as multinational corporations (MNCs).


(A) Poor nations are particularly vulnerable to MNCs, many of which have yearly budgets greater than those of poor-nation governments. For example, in 2014, each of the world's 20 largest MNCs had gross revenues of more than $161 billion, larger than all but about 50 of the 208 countries tracked by the World Bank. 1

(B) MNCs bring employment opportunities as well as goods and services to people who otherwise would not have them. At the same time, they create major and controversial changes in the natural, economic, social, and political environments. 0

(C) The financial power of these corporations enables them to exert enormous influence on poor nations and makes it extremely difficult for these nations to regulate them. In addition, like all capitalist corporations, the fundamental goal of MNCs is to return wealth to their shareholders, the vast majority of whom live in wealthy nations. Thus, most MNC profits in poor nations contribute to the economy of wealthy nations. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


52. 20수완 15-01

 

In the popular media, archaeology is mainly identified with spectacular discoveries of artifacts from prehistoric and ancient cultures, such as the tomb of the Egyptian king Tutankhamun.


(A) Their principal task is to infer the nature of past cultures based on the patterns of the artifacts left behind. Archaeologists work like detectives, slowly sifting and interpreting evidence. 1

(B) The context in which things are found, the location of an archaeological site, and the precise position of an artifact within that site are critical to interpretation. In fact, these considerations may be more important than the artifact itself. 2

(C) As a result, people often think of archaeologists primarily as collectors. But contemporary archaeologists are much more interested in understanding and explaining their finds in terms of what those objects say about the behavior that produced them than in creating collections. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


53. 20수완 15-02

 

Violence is common among many living organisms and probably has roots that stretch back to the time of the first noncloned life forms that were capable of physical interaction.


(A) "Violence" is defined as one or more individuals physically attacking one or more other individuals. The term "violence" is typically used in a negative, antisocial context, especially regarding humans. 1

(B) The term "violence" is often used interchangeably with "aggression" or "agonism," but it differs in its precision, and that difference is worth recognizing. While "aggression" is normally defined as any behavior relating to attack, threat, or defense, and "agonism" includes all of those behaviors plus fleeing, "violence" is more specific. 0

(C) I did a brief survey of the scientific literature over the past 4 years and found no articles that used the term "violence" when referring to animal behavior. Instead, the term was reserved for human behavior and typically for behaviors that are categorized as delinquent or antisocial. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


54. 20수완 15-03

 

Less than one hundred years ago most rural households ln the United States sustained themselves by farming.


(A) While there was a well-established division of labor along gender and age lines in many farm households, there was not a well-articulated and formalized occupational structure within most rural areas. In this social and economic context, the household, the community, and the economy were tightly bound up with one another. 1

(B) While some agricultural products were sold for money on the open market, others were produced solely for household consumption or for bartering with neighbors. All family members, including husbands, wives, and children, contributed their labor to the economic maintenance and survival of the household. 0

(C) The local economy was not something that could be isolated from society. Rather the economy was embedded in the social relations of the farm household and the rural community. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


55. 20수완 15-04

 

Democratic peoples — especially Americans — respond strongly to moral narratives that cleanly distinguish between the forces of good and evil.


(A) For example, most economists believe that poorly timed public thrift — austerity — can make a bad economic situation worse. But most people have a hard time understanding why it can be right for a government to spend more than it is taking in — especially if the public deficit is used to finance current consumption. While many parents grasp the rationale of going into debt to finance a college education, they are loath to cosign loans for children's fancy cars and flat-screen TVs. 2

(B) They have a harder time coming to grips with moral complexity and ambiguity. Private and public morality sometimes diverge. 0

(C) The norms of foreign policy and war are not congruent with those of domestic affairs. And the virtues of the private household do not always map neatly onto those of the public household. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


56. 20수완 16-1

 

When the natural communication systems of primates are examined, no straightforward increase in complexity from monkeys to apes to humans is observed.


(A) Many researchers characterize great ape communication systems as more limited in range than those of monkeys. For example, monkeys, but not other apes, have functionally referential alarm calls, although whether monkey calls are truly referential like human language remains contested. This particular ape-monkey difference makes biological sense. 0

(B) Apes do possess gestures to initiate play, for instance, or when infants signal they wish to be carried — many of these gestures have learned elements. However, apes seemingly do not use their gestures referentially, nor do their gestures exhibit any symbolic or conventionalized features. 2

(C) Great apes are larger and stronger than monkeys, and hence are less vulnerable to predation. Apes almost certainly didn't evolve referential alarm calls because they had comparatively little to be alarmed about. Indeed, there is little that is learned at all in the vocal communication of nonhuman apes. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


57. 20수완 16-01

 

In one experiment, researchers projected a picture that was completely out of focus onto a screen.


(A) Remarkably, the individuals who were the first to think they knew the identity of the picture (and write it down) were the last to correctly identify it. Why? 1

(B) The slide was then gradually brought into sharper and sharper focus. The participants were instructed to guess what the picture showed (a fire hydrant in one case), and write it down. 0

(C) Because rather than scratch through their initial opinion as the image became clearer and they were increasingly and obviously wrong, they clung to it. People who were among the last to make an identification were more successful — simply because their first choice had a better chance of being right. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


58. 20수완 16-02

 

Imagine being in an art appreciation class and having to learn the styles of different artists.


(A) Traditional teaching methods would approach the works of each artist separately so as not to confuse the learners. In a fascinating study, participants were tasked with learning the styles of 12 artists based on a viewing of six sample paintings per artist. 0

(B) Now that you have learned Picasso, let's move on to Miro..."). The other half of the learners studied the paintings in a randomized fashion, with any given artist's paintings interwoven among those of the other artists. When all participants were later shown a series of new paintings (paintings by these artists that they had not seen during the learning phase) and were asked to identify the artist, the group that viewed the interwoven learning set was much better at identifying the correct artist. 2

(C) In the experiment, half the learners got the paintings in blocks as they would be presented in the typical classroom. ("Here are six paintings by Picasso. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


59. 20수완 16-03

 

In addition to appropriating (and sometimes anticipating) the modern medical model for the diagnosis of crime, Arthur Conan Doyle also perfected a literary form for Sherlock Holmes that owed its origins to the medical profession as well — the case history.


(A) Medical diagnosis became based upon a principle of "differential" semiological examination of the patient's body in the form of the medical case history. 2

(B) The new discipline of pathological anatomy as a form of medical diagnosis in the period brought with it a new epistemological imperative for the physician to observe carefully every detail of the patient's environment and physical condition, and to record that information in the form of a case study that would explore the network of possible connections between the seemingly insignificant details. 0

(C) In the case history, the physician would test and retest every conceivable set of relations until the cause of the patient's illness made sense, much as Holmes would do in his explanations of cases to Watson. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


60. 20수완 16-04

 

Genetic engineering followed by cloning to distribute many identical animals or plants is sometimes seen as a threat to the diversity of nature.


(A) Conversely, the renewed interest in genetics has led to a growing awareness that there are many wild plants and animals with interesting or useful genetic properties that could be used for a variety of as-yet-unknown purposes. This has led in tum to a realization that we should avoid destroying natural ecosystems because they may harbor tomorrow's drugs against cancer, malaria, or obesity. 2

(B) However, humans have been replacing diverse natural habitats with artificial monoculture for millennia. Most natural habitats in the advanced nations have already been replaced with some form of artificial environment based on mass production or repetition. 0

(C) The real threat to biodiversity is surely the need to convert ever more of our planet into production zones to feed the ever-increasing human population. The cloning and transgenic alteration of domestic animals makes little difference to the overall situation. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


61. 20수완 T1-18

 

We at Bovice Children's Trust work for underprivileged children and sometimes need volunteers to help us in our project.


(A) He ensured that the children's parents understood the program that our organization was working for and thus it helped us a lot in succeeding in enrolling these children for our program. 1

(B) Besides, Chris also engaged in popularizing our organization mission that gave us the financial assistance as well as community participation by many organizations. Hence, I would like to confirm that Chris has put in about fifty hours of community service and a certificate for his service is enclosed along with this letter for your reference. 2

(C) A few months back, Chris came forward and helped us in reaching out to the underprivileged children in the Griffin Street region. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


62. 20수완 T1-19

 

There were about ten people standing around a long table, dressed in black robes and chanting.


(A) He felt he was outside a window looking in. He tried to speak, but nothing came out of his mouth. He tried to run, but his legs wouldn't move. He wanted to leave, but something seemed to be holding him there. 1

(B) As he slowly started to move back, the circle of people turned and looked at him. They waved their hands for him to come to join them. He didn't want to join them; he was afraid of what they might do to him. Despite his struggle not to join them, he was pulled slowly toward them. He was no longer in control of his own body. 2

(C) David could not make out what they were saying. He only saw their mouths move in slow motion as if he was not there at all, and he felt his hands and knees trembling with fear. Then, he caught a glimpse of a table with a shadow of someone on it. He couldn't see the face. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


63. 20수완 T1-20

 

If you want a friend, get a dog.


(A) In order to be seen as legitimate, the media must be seen as truthful, accurate, unbiased, and fair. 2

(B) Journalism professors and professionals have shared this humorous, colloquial saying with countless neophytes in classrooms and newsrooms because it points to a serious underpinning. The media generally and reporters in particular do not need to be loved or even to have their motives fully understood in order to carry out their obligations to inform the public. 0

(C) But, according to Stephen Klaidman and Tom Beauchamp in The Virtuous Journalist, it is essential that the public trust the press and see it as credible in its role as watchdog over governments and their agencies. Credibility is an attitude, a belief that citizens hold about whether the news media legitimately have the power to call out elected officials or others in high positions who are not playing by the rules. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


64. 20수완 T1-21

 

Psychologist and author Jeremy Dean explains in relation to cultivating happiness-boosting habits that 'unfortunately there's rather a large fly in the ointment.


(A) Dean suggests that one way that we can deal with our automatic adaptation to pleasure is by varying our habits rather than repeating them in exactly the same way over and over again. This could mean, for example, making a conscious effort to respond more consciously to the question 'how are you' (rather than saying 'Fine' every time). Introducing conscious variations in some of our habits can be effective in reducing the effects of habituation. 1

(B) That fly is habituation'. Habituation means that we adapt to positive experiences more quickly than negative ones. This means that we lose the pleasure from good habits more quickly than the pain from bad ones. 0

(C) Although Dean explains that this idea stretches the formal definition of a habit which involves the same behaviour or thought in the same situation, for 'happy' habits we need an 'automatic initiation of the behaviour, but then a continuously mindful way of carrying it out. A new type of hybrid habit: a mindful habit'. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


65. 20수완 T1-22

 

Social workers need to recognize that it is the client who owns the problem and therefore has the chief responsibility to resolve it.


(A) In sharp contrast, social workers seek to establish not an expert- inferior relationship but rather a relationship between equals. The expertise of the social worker does not lie in knowing or recommending what is best for the client; it lies in assisting clients to define their problems, to identify and examine alternatives for resolving the problems, to maximize their capacities and opportunities to make decisions for themselves, and to implement the decisions they make. Many students, when they first enter social work or some other helping profession, mistakenly see their role as that of "savior" or "rescuer." 2

(B) In this respect, social work differs markedly from most other professions. Most professionals, such as physicians and attorneys, advise clients about what they ought to do. 0

(C) Doctors, lawyers, and dentists are viewed as experts. Clients' decision making in such situations is generally limited to the professional's advice. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


66. 20수완 T1-23

 

While memories in STM (short-term memory) are encoded acoustically, information held in LTM (long-term memory) seems to be different.


(A) When recall was delayed for 20 minutes, however, more errors were made on list items with similar meanings. This latter finding can be explained by the use of a semantic code in LTM; items were confused when they had similar meanings, so were less likely to be recalled accurately. 2

(B) Here, memories are encoded according to their meaning - that is, using a semantic code. Baddeley provided evidence for this in an experiment that required participants to learn lists of words and recall them. 0

(C) The lists contained some items that were acoustically similar (such as mad, man, cad, can) and others that were semantically similar (such as big, long, broad, high). When asked for immediate recall, participants' errors were affected by the similar-sounding words, reflecting the use of an acoustic code in STM. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


67. 20수완 T1-24

 

One key to the problem of the shopping information gap is to realize that we need a better way of presenting and organizing information.


(A) Such a method is to organize information into different levels, where different amounts of consumer demand for information are presented at each level. Any shopper, at any point in the shopping experience, has a certain level of interest in products. 0

(B) If a consumer has a high level of interest then more information should be available to him. Conversely, if a consumer is indifferent to a product, then he should not be overwhelmed with information. 2

(C) Sometimes this level of interest is intense, where the consumer just cannot get enough, and sometimes this level is one of indifference, where the consumer is just browsing. The best way to convey information to consumers is to look at them as shopping on a number of possible levels of interest and to direct information to them according to their level. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


68. 20수완 T1-25

 

The graph above shows the percentage of the US population with total diabetes (diagnosed and undiagnosed) and the percentage with undiagnosed diabetes both as a whole and by ethnic/racial subgroup in 2011 – 2012.


(A) Non-Hispanic Asians showed the highest proportion of undiagnosed diabetes among all of the ethnic/racial subgroups. All Hispanics showed the highest percentage of total diabetes, with 10 percent undiagnosed diabetes. 1

(B) The percentage of all Hispanics with undiagnosed diabetes was higher than that of overall Americans with undiagnosed diabetes. 2

(C) Non-Hispanic whites had the lowest percentage of total diabetes among all ethnic/racial subgroups. More than 1 in 5 non-Hispanic blacks had total diabetes, and non-Hispanic blacks had a lower proportion of undiagnosed diabetes than non-Hispanic Asians. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


69. 20수완 T1-26

 

Caspar David Friedrich, a 19th-century German Romantic landscape painter, began with topographical drawings in pencil and sepia wash and did not take up oil painting until 1807.


(A) Friedrich had a severe stroke in 1835 and returned to his small sepias. He was virtually forgotten at the time of his death and his immediate influence was confined to members of his circle in Dresden, notably Georg Friedrich Kersting, who sometimes painted the figures in Friedrich's work. 1

(B) It was only at the end of the 19th century, with the rise of Symbolism, that Friedrich's greatness began to be recognized. Most of his work is still in Germany. 2

(C) His choice of subjects often broke new ground and he discovered aspects of nature so far unseen: an infinite stretch of sea or mountains, snow-covered or fog-bound plains seen in the strange light of sunrise, dusk, or moonlight. He seldom used obvious religious imagery, but his landscapes convey a sense of haunting spirituality. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


70. 20수완 T1-29

 

Modern science emerged out of traditions that are clearly Western.


(A) It is important to recognize that thinking scientifically is not natural or automatic. Indeed learning to perceive the world in ways consistent with this dichotomous, observation-based perspective is something we must learn. For some of us, this may seem to be very natural. 1

(B) In actuality it is an extension of the cultural traditions within which we were raised. Classifying is an example of a very particular way of thinking that teachers must introduce to students to familiarize them with the culture of science. 2

(C) It seems that the process of sorting into either/or categories can be traced to ancient Greek thought. The process of organizing objects according to whether they have or do not have a particular property, with no intermediate category, is sometimes called Aristotelian. This very formal approach to classifying, unlike the version of classifying we might use in everyday living, makes no allowance for fuzziness. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


71. 20수완 T1-30

 

Each of us views reality through the thoughts we have accumulated in our individual preserved state of awareness.


(A) Pay attention the next time you disagree with somebody. Notice how your mind instantly produces thoughts that validate your point of view. For example, as your friend defends a political candidate who you dislike, notice the rush of opposing thoughts that enter your mind. 1

(B) As this happens, consider for a moment where these thoughts came from and why you produced them at this particular moment. Consider their purpose. You did attract them and they do have a purpose. Their purpose is to reinforce your beliefs. 2

(C) When you encounter a new thought, you call upon this state to derive meaning, agree, disagree, judge, or remain neutral. Every thought you encounter or conjure up you filter through this state. You can observe this scrutiny as you produce thoughts that stimulate your feelings. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


72. 20수완 T1-31

 

As an academic discipline, architecture is outside of the humanities — so in that sense there's no question that it is not one of the humanities.


(A) What I can say positively as an outsider is that architecture is a discipline seeking self-definition, and for that self-definition it looks outside of itself, to see what others say about it. 2

(B) Not institutionally at least, even if there is something of a family resemblance. Architecture students aren't oriented to thinking, reading, and writing in quite the same way as are students within the humanities. 0

(C) What's interesting about architecture is that it has always been unsure as to where to position itself and its own identity as a discipline: it is itself internally divided about whether it is a science, a technological discipline, or a mode of art or aesthetic production. This uncertainty regarding its own identity has led it to be quite open to philosophical and critical theory in a way that is unimaginable for other disciplines, like engineering or medicine, for example. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


73. 20수완 T1-32

 

Important work regarding preservatives indicated that making organ meats look familiar (through their cuts, shapes, and packaging) influenced perceptions of taste.


(A) This insight was found during research on what made preserved foods most acceptable. At the beginning of World War II, there was a need for canned meats that tasted like fresh meat, for powdered milk that was reconstituted to taste like fresh whole milk, and for preserved bread that tasted like fresh bread. 0

(B) Because of this work, initial efforts introduced some organ meats as filler in ground beef and sausages. In both ground meat and sausage forms, replacing existing meat with organ meats was accepted because they did not cause the meat to look different than expected. 2

(C) The government pushed food companies to preserve foods to resemble fresh foods. Because they looked and tasted fresh, people believed they must be safe and that preservatives were not harmful. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


74. 20수완 T1-33

 

Most people exhibit physical symptoms when they lie.


(A) This technology works nicely for most people. Most of us have brains that want to tell the truth, want to be trusted, and we feel guilty when we lie or when we think we will be caught. Our bodies respond to our thoughts and feelings. 1

(B) There is even new brain imaging lie detector equipment and companies springing up, such as No Lie MRI, to swear in court whether or not you are telling the truth. Not only does your body react to lies, your brain does as well. Whenever most people lie, their brain becomes overall much more active than when telling the truth. It really does take more out of you to lie than to tell the truth. 2

(C) Their bodies respond to the stress they feel when they think they will be found out. Immediately, their hearts beat faster as adrenaline bathes their system, their breathing becomes more shallow in response to feelings of panic, their hands become colder as blood flow becomes constricted, and their hands sweat and their muscles become tense. Examiners can see this pattern on the lie detector equipment and the liar is caught. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


75. 20수완 T1-34

 

Social domain theory views emotions and moral judgments as reciprocal processes that cannot be disentangled.


(A) Rather, the assumption is that affective experiences are an important component of moral judgment and that the latter involves a complex integration of thoughts, feelings, and experiences. To borrow from Kant's famous saying, moral reasoning without emotion is empty; emotions without reasoning are blind. 1

(B) This view differs from emotivist or intuitionist approaches to morality, which are principally based on research with adults and give priority to emotional and implicit processes while avoiding reasoning as largely post hoc rationalizations. From the social domain perspective, this treatment of emotions and reasoning as distinct, opposing influences represents a false dichotomy. 0

(C) Children's affective experiences influence their understanding, encoding, and memory of moral violations and are part of a complex evaluative process. Information obtained from observing the affective consequences of acts for others, as well as past or immediate emotional responses to moral situations, may constitute the foundation on which moral understanding is constructed. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


76. 20수완 T1-35

 

Creativity researchers now believe that creativity cannot always be defined as a property of individuals; creativity can also be a property of groups.


(A) In the same way, organization theorists and socioculturalists argue that problem solving in work groups, and learning in classrooms and informal settings, often occurs in social interactions characterized by group creativity. 1

(B) These researchers are still exploring the complex relationship between group creativity and the creativity of individual members of the group. These are different types of creativity; the interactional processes of group creativity that we can observe among improvising actors are not likely to look anything like the cognitive processes going on within any single actor's head. 2

(C) For example, the performance that is generated by an improvisational theater ensemble is the creative product of the entire ensemble; there is no way to attribute the performance to any single member of the group. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


77. 20수완 T1-36

 

Socrates provided a theater of presence in Athens for the young people who gathered to watch him show that their elders — even the ones with the most brilliant reputations for wisdom — could not answer the vital questions he put to them, questions like "What is justice?"


(A) It was also dramatic, more tightly focused on the false claims to wisdom that people actually made in the public places of Athens, false claims that affected directly the young men who clustered around Socrates as his audience. And the elders who were refuted, did they gain wisdom? 1

(B) In most cases, they plainly did not. They were deep inside the space of theater, unable to see themselves, and all they knew at the end was that they had been humiliated by a fiendishly clever man. So they went away not wiser but more angry at Socrates and his cleverness. 2

(C) And so these watchers were drawn into philosophy as they learned something about human limitations. They could have picked this lesson up from comedy, but Socratic theater was more immediate, more transformative of watchers into thinkers. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


78. 20수완 T1-37

 

Wildlife management in North America is complicated because most land is owned by individuals who can restrict public access or manage it as they see fit, so long as their actions do not adversely impact other people.


(A) When English colonies were established in America, colonial governments administered on the crown's behalf, and they owned the wildlife. When the colonies gained their independence following the American Revolution and became states, they continued to own wildlife but now on behalf of "the people" who had replaced the crown as the ultimate authority on which government was based. 1

(B) Wildlife, however, is not owned by individuals or landowners but by society. This is the result of English common law, which stated that wildlife was owned by the crown. 0

(C) Consequently, in North America, we have this interesting phenomenon in which society owns and manages the wildlife, but private individuals own and manage the land and habitat on which wildlife depend. Clearly a partnership is required between landowners and government if the wildlife resource is going to be managed wisely. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


79. 20수완 T1-38

 

The concept of 'producer responsibility' reflects a fundamental legal principle for the allocation of responsibilities: the person acting must ensure that each action is performed in a way that does not cause damage or nuisance to other legally protected interests.


(A) It is generally accepted that these preventive responsibilities apply to manufacturing processes and include the waste generated by the manufacturing process. It seems also accepted that this principle of allocation of responsibilities also applies to manufactured goods. 1

(B) Products placed on the market must be safe and secure in general. For certain products, such as pesticides, genetically modified organisms and vehicles, the placing of these products on the market is subject to a prior licensing scheme. 2

(C) In relation to the manufacturing of goods, this concept requires operators to prevent pollution, hazards, the risk of damaging public health and damage to neighboring properties — or at least to minimize these negative externalities to a certain level defined by legislation and/or a specific permit. Hence, the preventative costs must be paid by the producer. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


80. 20수완 T1-39

 

Up until 2 million years ago, the relative brain size of our hominid ancestors was the same as that of the great apes today.


(A) As our head started to increase in size to accommodate our expanding brains, this put pressure on hominid mothers to deliver their babies before their heads got too big. However, this is not a problem for our nearest non-human cousins, the chimpanzee. 1

(B) In terms of movement, chimps do not naturally walk upright and so did not develop a narrow pelvis. Their birth canals are large enough to give a relatively easier birth to their babies, which is why chimpanzees waddle when they do try to walk upright. They usually deliver by themselves in less than 30 minutes, whereas human delivery takes considerably longer and is most often assisted by other adults. 2

(C) However, something happened in our evolution to change the course of the development of our brain, which grew significantly larger. Human brain size increased to be 3-4 times larger than the brain of our ancestral apes. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


81. 20수완 T1-40

 

Historians have observed that the peak age for scientific productivity was about 25 years of age in the year 1500, but by 1960 it was 37.


(A) There's been no increase in the productivity of innovators beyond middle age to make up for this shortened career, and as a result, there's been a decline in innovative output per researcher over the century. 2

(B) His data showed that the peak age increased because early age innovation is declining, and that's a result of the increased educational demands required to acquire the knowledge necessary to contribute to an innovation. At the beginning of the 20th century, great minds began their work at age 23; at the end, at age 31. 1

(C) The increasing complexity of scientific domains seems to have caused this increase; this complexity makes the ideation and elaboration rates decline, and this results in a later career peak. Educational psychologist B. F. Jones studied 700 Nobel Prize winners and technological inventors in the 20th century and found that over the course of the century, the greatest achievements occurred at later and later ages; the mean age at great achievement rose by about six years over the century, and in 2000, the peak age was 36 to 40. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


82. 20수완 T1-4142

 

Environmental problems associated with agricultural production for export in developing countries can be difficult to tackle using conventional regulations because producers are typically so numerous and dispersed, while regulatory agencies are commonly inadequately funded and staffed.


(A) The authors found that organic certification did improve coffee growers' environmental performance. Specifically, they found that certification significantly reduced the use of pesticides, chemical fertilizers, and herbicides, and increased the use of organic fertilizers. In general, their results suggest that organic certification has a stronger causal effect on preventing negative practices than on encouraging positive ones. 2

(B) One study examined this question for certified organic coffee grown in Turrialba, Costa Rica, an agricultural region in the country's central valley, about 40 miles east of San Jose, the capital city. This is an interesting case because Costa Rican farmers face significant pressure from the noncertified market to lower their costs, a strategy that can have severe environmental consequences. In contrast, organic production typically not only involves higher labor costs, but the conversion from chemically based production can also reduce yields. In addition, the costs of initial certification and subsequent annual monitoring and reporting are significant. 1

(C) In principle, eco-certification of production could circumvent these problems by providing a means for the socially conscious consumer to identify environmentally superior products, thereby providing a basis for paying a price premium for them. These premiums, in turn, would create financial incentives for producers to meet the certification standards. Do socially conscious buyers care enough to actually pay a price premium that is high enough to motivate changes in the way the products are produced? Apparently, for Costa Rican coffee at least, they do. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


83. 20수완 T1-4345

 

At the time, nobody in France would have accepted a woman as an apprentice, so I decided to move to Brussels for a three-year course.


(A) After returning to our Niedermorschwihr shop from Paris, I started baking and making pastry on a daily basis. Until then, my father had kept that only for weekends and celebrations. He was very pleased to accept this help because it gave him more time for his own passion to be a cook. As a baker, he had always worked like a cook, by experimenting, testing, tasting and correcting. Today, I take a similar approach with my jams. When you are creative, you cannot simply follow recipes. 1

(B) When I got back in 1978, my father had plans to expand his shop, and wanted me to work with him. However, I still had dreams of seeing the world. In the end, we found a compromise: since boys had to go away for a year for their military service, I, too, would be allowed to travel for a year. I knew that no laboratory in Paris would ever accept a woman, so I decided to enter an artistic baking competition — which I won. After this, Monsieur Peltier, who had the best store in Paris, invited me to join him for a year. He gave me a very thorough and precise training in baking and confectionery, and shared with me his avant-garde spirit. 0

(C) It is important to do what you like to do, the way you like to do it. However, I started feeling lonely in this tiny 360-inhabitant village which was too remote to attract anybody. I discussed the idea of opening a store in town with my father, on a busy street. He said, "If this were the condition for success, then how could you explain the success of Marc Haeberlin and his restaurant being awarded three Michelin stars in the tiny Illhaeusern in Alsace?" He told me to be patient, to play the long game, and to do what I love. Deep down, I knew he was right, and decided to stay and fully embrace pastry making at Niedermorschwihr. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


84. 20수완 T2-18

 

Ms. Martineau and I wish to thank you for the pleasure of allowing us to interview you J last Thursday.


(A) We were delighted to learn about your superb academic record, and we also appreciated your attentiveness in listening to the description of our company's operations. However, we had many well-qualified applicants who were interested in the advertised position of human resources assistant. 0

(B) We hired a female graduate who had most of the qualities we sought. Although we realize that the job market is difficult at this time, you have our heartfelt wishes for good luck in finding what you are looking for. 2

(C) As you may have guessed, we were particularly eager to find a minority individual who could help us fill out our employment equity goals. Although you did not fit one of our goal areas, we enjoyed talking with you. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


85. 20수완 T2-19

 

I watched with curiosity as a strange couple walked through the house taking measurements.


(A) It was a small one, but very poisonous. Our servant, Niti, was called in to dispose of it, but he was also at a loss for what to do. 2

(B) When I was at the threshold of the living room, Mother, seeming quite anxious, shouted, "Stay away, Pieter, stay away!" I soon learned what all the fuss was about. In their enthusiasm, the decorators had moved a few cartons of books that were stored in a corner and managed to disturb a snake, which slithered out and frightened them. 1

(C) The process took about two hours, so I lost interest and hurried back to my own project outside. I had nearly forgotten about our visitors when I heard a sudden scream. I raced back into the house. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


86. 20수완 T2-20

 

Overconfidence about their social media skills prevents most social media managers from getting the necessary training.


(A) Be skeptical of the self-proclaimed social media mavens, rock stars, or experts who have no practical experience running, maintaining, and building online communities around causes or nonprofit brands on social networking sites. 2

(B) Take Webinars, attend boot camps, or go to conferences that focus on the how to of social media. The most valuable advice should be practical and should come from someone who actually manages online communities and works with these tools every single day. 1

(C) Every second of every day, nonprofits on various kinds of social media are making obvious mistakes that are counterproductive to their presence on these sites. Please get training! 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


87. 20수완 T2-21

 

After his failure in Edinburgh, Darwin went to the University of Cambridge to study for a basic arts degree, with the idea that he would become a clergyman.


(A) They inspired him to become a naturalist. John Henslow took him plant collecting in the Cambridge countryside. Adam Sedgwick went with him to Wales to study the local rocks and fossils. 1

(B) He passed his exams. Just. But Cambridge turned out to be vitally important because of the friendships he forged with the professors of botany and geology. 0

(C) After this tour with Sedgwick, Darwin had graduated from the university and was at a loose end, not sure what to do next. He was saved by an unusual offer: would he like to become the 'gentleman naturalist' on a surveying voyage aboard the ship HMS Beagle, led by Captain Robert Fitzroy of the Royal Navy? His father said no, but his uncle convinced him that it was actually a great idea for his son. The voyage on the Beagle was the making of Charles Darwin. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


88. 20수완 T2-22

 

To attract the best people and succeed as a business, the authentic organization of the future will need to foster environments where creativity and innovation are at a premium, employees feel engaged and committed, and leadership pipelines are carefully cultivated for future success.


(A) Case in point: Back in the 1980s, the business division of a US publisher had one of the most widely diverse workforces. One senior editor had been part of a Washington think tank and was an expert on Asian culture; another held a PhD in American history; another had worked as a speechwriter for a US president and was an environmental activist. 1

(B) In our research, workplaces with those qualities look for an unusual kind of diversity, hiring people for differences that are more than skin deep. Differences in thought processes, frames of references and skills, among other things. 0

(C) There was also an associate editor who had interned at the New Yorker magazine and another who had a background in foreign affairs. Only two of those editors held MBAs — and this was the business division! 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


89. 20수완 T2-23

 

The pursuit of flavor is one path to a good life, a truth recently discovered by Americans that demands a new account of the meaning of food and its consumption.


(A) "Pursue pleasure only in moderation," say countless sages throughout history; "it's only transitory," according to the timeless. "It is inimical to spirituality," the bodiless would have us believe; "it will not lead to happiness," the ubiquitous self-help books tell us. 1

(B) Any discussion of food and its place in our lives must begin with the role of pleasure. Yet our attitude toward pleasure is ambivalent: "Love People, Not Pleasure," blares the New York Times; "There Is More to Life Than Being Happy," proclaims the Atlantic Monthly. 0

(C) We spend much time and many resources pursuing pleasure but then condemn it with a fervor usually reserved for death and taxes. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


90. 20수완 T2-24

 

Mobile crowd sensing for smart cities can support efficient, safe and green mobility in urban environments.


(A) Environmental sensors may also report air or noise pollution levels. This enables tourists in unfamiliar places to make even better decisions than well informed locals might take. 2

(B) Here crowd sourcing can inform people about whether to seek alternative routes, when best to arrive at attractions or restaurants, how to avoid unpleasant surprises when traveling, where to park, and which public transport solution would be best. 1

(C) Given the ubiquity of mobile devices carried by people worldwide, social mobile crowd sensing through the IoT can allow tourists to know about popular events in a destination, provide interactive feedback with other tourists at different locations, reveal the best places to be at a certain time, local weather forecasts, and expected travel times throughout the day. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


91. 20수완 T2-25

 

The graph above shows pet ownership in the US, with the total number of pets owned and the number of households that owned each type of pet in 2016.


(A) Regarding the total number of pets, freshwater fish were the most owned pets, whereas cats were the second most owned pets, at 139.3 million and 94.2 million pets respectively. The number of households that owned dogs was larger than the combined number of households that owned cats and households that owned freshwater fish. 0

(B) Lastly, among the six types of pets, horses were the least owned. 2

(C) Although the number of households with saltwater fish as pets was the smallest, as many as 18.8 million saltwater fish were owned. Households that owned birds ranked fourth among pet-owning households, with 7.9 million households. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


92. 20수완 T2-26

 

The fame of French director Andre Cayatte reached its peak in the 1950s.


(A) As he had no valid papers, he was forced to work for Continental Films, the German production company in Paris, for which he made his first films from 1942 onwards. This was to cause him a certain amount of trouble after the liberation of Paris. 1

(B) Cayatte, a journalist, lawyer and novelist, became involved in cinema at the end of the 1930s by writing screenplays. He was taken prisoner in 1940, but managed to escape. 0

(C) After the Second World War, he gained the public's and the critics' attention through his committed films on issues of public concern, pleas against the death penalty, satires directed at the failings of the justice system, well-argued attacks against the weaknesses of family upbringing, and so on. He was strongly criticised by the film-makers of the New Wave, who accused him of concentrating too much on expounding an argument to the detriment of the aesthetic considerations of direction. He gradually withdrew from film-making in the 1970s. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


93. 20수완 T2-29

 

In some ways, food media takes readers and viewers into the back of the house where gourmet cooking takes place.


(A) This is not to say such depictions are accurate, entertaining as they might be. As Andrew Chan notes, contemporary shows "create a gap that separates the viewer from the reality of actual cookery." 0

(B) As such, the media has made visible some of the hidden work that goes into producing our eating experiences but often in ways that are more fantasy than reality. 2

(C) In fact, Kathleen Collins explains that, "Television cooking shows, and the media in general, are largely responsible for glamorizing what will always be, in actuality, toiling, sweaty labor." She also concedes, however, that such media coverage — and the public's seemingly insatiable appetite for programming related to food and eating — "has brought deserved attention to a previously uncelebrated class of laborers and artisans." 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


94. 20수완 T2-30

 

DNA reproduces and replaces itself continually.


(A) A third-generation copy is slightly less sharp than the original, the fourth-generation copy even less so, and so forth. Eventually, the process breaks down; it is no longer possible to make a legible copy, and the message is lost. When this happens to DNA, the result is the death of a cell. 2

(B) Under optimal conditions, this reproduction is flawless and every copy is an exact replica of the one it replaces. This is normally true in children. As we age, however, we are increasingly vulnerable to factors that damage our DNA during replication. 0

(C) The body's process of DNA replication is similar to that of a copy machine making photocopies of an original, with each subsequent copy made from the previous photocopy. If the copy machine is in perfect condition, the first copy will hardly be distinguishable from the original. Gradually, though, even copies made on a good-quality machine will lose definition. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


95. 20수완 T2-31

 

Sometimes, of course, we might have good reasons, conceptually and critically, to isolate the content of a film from its form.


(A) But limited access to some specific details, and the demands of cinematic storytelling, compelled the filmmakers to take liberties with the original content when giving the movie its ultimate form. Zero Dark Thirty invents and combines characters, rearranges and condenses action, and speculates on events. 1

(B) The subject of Kathryn Bigelow's Zero Dark Thirty is the tracking and eventual killing of the terrorist Osama Bin Laden by United States CIA agents and US Navy Seals. That content is historical fact. 0

(C) Many critiques of Zero Dark Thirty, noting the significance and sensitivity of the content, questioned the film's completeness, accuracy, and reliability. Yet the movie could be considered a formal success; it received Academy Award nominations for Best Picture, Actress, Original Screenplay, Film Editing, and Sound Editing. By focusing solely on content, we may risk overlooking the aspects that make movies interesting as individual works of art. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


96. 20수완 T2-32

 

Even before Socrates the Greeks had come to a critical differentiation between natural and human phenomena.


(A) The crucial point of this distinction was that while nature, physis, provided the fixed context to which human beings could do nothing else but adjust their lives, human-made things and institutions, nomoi (plural of nomos), could, at least in principle, be changed by human activity. 2

(B) As early as the seventh or eighth century BC — as evidenced by the Iliad and the Odyssey —it had become customary to distinguish those objects in the surrounding world that appeared to remain always and everywhere the same — plants, animals, the seasons, the stars, and so forth — from others that seemed to vary from time to time and place to place, such as languages, customs, laws, political institutions, and so on. 0

(C) The Greeks came to refer to the former sorts of things collectively as physis, or what we would roughly translate as nature, and to the latter as nomos, or, approximately, custom or perhaps even culture. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


97. 20수완 T2-33

 

The transition to a network society has, by all accounts, turned research on youth and media on its head — leading to new opportunities and new challenges.


(A) With the rapid and often short-lived developments in the media landscape, such research is far more complicated than it used to be. 2

(B) Perhaps most obvious is the fact that our object of study has become a moving target. Many of the media and communication technologies that we investigate today are continually changing — often while we try to understand the phenomenon in question. 0

(C) This is especially problematic for the social sciences, because social scientists often need sufficient time to answer questions with appropriate methodological rigor. To establish causal relationships between media use and longer-term outcomes, youth must be followed over several years, and their media use needs to be measured repeatedly. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


98. 20수완 T2-34

 

Some species have evolved not only a theory of mind but also, distinctly, a theory of relationships — which is evolutionarily advantageous, because recognizing relationships between other individuals helps predict their social behavior.


(A) The most basic type of such knowledge is when one animal knows the relative dominance rank of two other animals, not just its own rank with respect to the others. This important ability is widespread, seen in hyenas, lions, horses, dolphins, and, of course, primates, but also in fish and birds. 0

(B) All three animals understand what it means for two of them to have a special bond. 2

(C) Capuchin monkeys in conflict preferentially seek out allies that they know to be higher ranked than their opponents, and they also seek out allies that they know have closer relationships with themselves than with their opponents. If two chimpanzees have a fight and a bystander offers consolation to the loser, this can reconcile the two combatants, but only if the bystander has a friendship with the aggressor. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


99. 20수완 T2-35

 

Social systems exist to mitigate risk: that is why human beings live in communities in the first place.


(A) A society in which people consider themselves to be one big family is more likely to show resilience in a disaster or prolonged stress than one in which each individual models his or her behavior on self-reliant individualism, all other things being equal. This is the fundamental idea behind insurance, extended family networks of assistance, and disaster assistance. 1

(B) Therefore this class of problem often depends importantly on the level of resilience a society demonstrates under stress. 2

(C) People living in groups can protect themselves better from enemies or predators, share resources, and help one another beyond the immediate kinship group. Through technology, trade, and political organization, organized communities under stress can access help that will offset the local impact of ecological problems and diffuse the impact over a much larger area or population. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


100. 20수완 T2-36

 

Daniel Merton Wegner was the first to analyze transactive memory, especially as it occurs in couples.


(A) Wegner was especially interested in the use of people as memory aids. He speculated that a transactive memory system may develop in many groups to ensure that important information is remembered. 1

(B) He noted that people often supplement their own memories, which are limited and can be unreliable, with various external aids. These include objects (eg, address or appointment books) and other people (eg, friends or coworkers). 0

(C) This system combines the knowledge possessed by individual group members with a shared awareness of who knows what. So when group members need information, but cannot remember it themselves or doubt that their memories are accurate, they can tum to each other for help. A transactive memory system can thus provide a group's members with more and better information than any of them could remember alone. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


101. 20수완 T2-37

 

The manner in which people communicate has some obvious relationship to the way in which their society is organized and governed.


(A) In ancient oral societies, people were ruled by unpredictable gods who worked in mysterious ways. When human beings learned how to cast their messages and conversations into written language, they were able to begin to organize their lives in more rational systems. 0

(B) This posed a severe challenge to those among them who were priests and holy men and women; obviously these leaders regarded writing as subversive, destructive, and sinful. It didn't take them long to realize that if they could control the writing, they could regain their power as emissaries of the gods. 2

(C) They could record history and discover patterns in the weather, their food sources, and the ways of their enemies. They could take more control of their lives, solve some of nature's mysteries, and become less dependent on the whims of their gods. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


102. 20수완 T2-38

 

The hypothalamus is the part of the brain that receives messages from nerves about the internal condition of the body and the external environment.


(A) For example, cells may resist the signal of the hormone insulin, causing the pancreas to overwork, secreting ever more insulin. An excess of insulin causes a series of effects on other hormones, and some become elevated while others become depressed. Many hormone imbalances can be corrected nutritionally if they are detected early enough, but some may require medication. 2

(B) It responds to this information by sending signals to the appropriate glands to release hormones. Once hormones are released into the bloodstream they travel to particular target cells to deliver their chemical messages and cause a specific biological response. 0

(C) Ideally, our hormones exist in a delicate balance and deliver their messages to the cells accurately and reliably. But hormone imbalances become increasingly common with advancing age. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


103. 20수완 T2-39

 

The primary perceptual faculty in human beings, as in all primates, is vision.


(A) Until the 1970s, Zeki points out, neurological models of perception were heavily influenced by the mistaken philosophic view, probably traceable to Kant, that "sensing" reality and "understanding" (grasping) it are fundamentally disparate phenomena. Now, however, through sophisticated techniques for studying both normal subjects and patients who have suffered various impairments of brain function, we know that normal perception entails simultaneous "seeing" and "understanding." 1

(B) Specialized areas of the brain not only detect visible attributes such as color, form, and motion but also "identify" and integrate them into a unified, coherent "picture." The integration of visual information that results constitutes both sensory perception and recognition of the visual world. 2

(C) Much of the improved understanding of perceptual processes has therefore derived from the neurobiology of visual perception. As Semir Zeki, a principal researcher in the field, has observed, the study of vision is a "profoundly philosophical enterprise," for it constitutes an inquiry into "how the brain acquires knowledge of the external world, which is no simple matter." 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


104. 20수완 T2-40

 

Choosing similar friends can have a rationale.


(A) However, the carrying capacity of a given environment places a limit on this strategy. If resources are very limited, the individuals who live in a particular place cannot all do the exact same thing (for example, if there are few trees, people cannot all live in tree houses, or if mangoes are in short supply, people cannot all live solely on a diet of mangoes). 1

(B) Assessing the survivability of an environment can be risky (if an environment turns out to be deadly, for instance, it might be too late by the time you found out), so humans have evolved the desire to associate with similar individuals as a way to perform this function efficiently. This is especially useful to a species that lives in so many different sorts of environments. 0

(C) A rational strategy would therefore sometimes be to avoid similar members of one's species. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


105. 20수완 T2-4142

 

Talents, unlike strengths, are largely innate.


(A) For example, it is possible to train oneself to be diligent, patient, and kind. Strengths can be acquired by almost any individual as long as there is time, effort and commitment. Strengths are therefore usually far more voluntary; there are many choices when it comes to strengths. You can decide whether you want to have a particular strength, whether you want to use it and develop a strength even further, whether to keep building it and to some extent whether to acquire it in the beginning. Also, strengths cannot be squandered. 2

(B) Of course they involve some choices, but the choices are in the context of choosing whether to use and develop the talent rather than about possessing that talent in the beginning. Talents are abilities that are brought to the surface when we begin to use them when pursuing various activities. Hence the importance of encouraging young children to engage in a variety of experiences so that they have opportunities to discover their talents. For example, some very young children naturally have good hand-eye coordination which makes them very good at being able to do things such as hitting a ball. 0

(C) This talent can be enhanced to the point of exceptional ability. Malcolm Gladwell suggests, however, that this requires ten thousand hours of practice before the age of 18 years. Strengths, on the other hand, are personality traits that can be acquired through active intentions such as practising, reading about them or learning from others. Just because we were not born with certain personality traits doesn't mean we can't develop them. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


106. 20수완 T2-4345

 

President Carter used the power of emotions during the historic peace negotiations between Israel and Egypt.


(A) This groundwork did not just "happen." It took honest work. Carter and Begin began to establish rapport at their first meeting more than a year prior to the negotiation. They met at the White House, where Carter invited the Prime Minister for an open, private discussion about the Mideast conflict. Months later, Carter and his wife invited Begin and his wife to a private dinner, where they talked about their personal lives. Later, during the Camp David negotiation, Carter demonstrated that he was looking out for each party's welfare. For example, before Begin met with Sadat for the first time at Camp David, Carter alerted Begin that Sadat would present an aggressive proposal; he cautioned Begin not to overreact. Carter did not want the negotiation to fail, nor did Begin or Sadat. Positive emotions between Carter and each leader helped to move the negotiation forward. 2

(B) He invited Israel's Prime Minister, Menachim Begin, and Egypt's President, Anwar Sadat, to Camp David. His goal was to help the two leaders negotiate a peace agreement. After thirteen long days, the negotiation process was breaking down. The Israelis saw little prospect for reaching agreement. By this time, Carter had invested a lot of time and energy in the peace process. He could easily have expressed frustration, perhaps approaching Begin with a warning to accept his latest proposal "or else." But an adversarial approach might have caused Begin to abandon the negotiation process completely. Instead, Carter made a gesture that had a significant emotional impact. Begin had asked for autographed pictures of Carter, Sadat, and himself to give to his grandchildren. 0

(C) Carter personalized each picture with the name of a Begin grandchild and handed Begin the photographs. Begin saw his granddaughter's name on the top photograph and spoke her name aloud. His lips trembled. He shuffled through the photographs and said each grandchild's name. He and Carter talked quietly about grandchildren and about war. This was a turning point in the negotiation. Later that day, Begin, Sadat, and Carter signed the Camp David Accord. The open discussion between Carter and Begin could not have happened if there were a poor relationship between them. The groundwork of positive emotions allowed nonthreatening conversation about serious differences. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


107. 20수완 T3-18

 

Mr Liam Baker, wants to return a pair of shoes he bought from this showroom a week ago.


(A) Mr Newman and I tried to convince him about our policies and explained worn shoes are not refundable, but it was all in vain. Finally, to prevent him from creating a scene, we promised that we would let him know our decision after consulting the head office. 1

(B) He claims that there is a manufacturing defect in the design. In fact, he is accusing us of selling seconds from this shop. 0

(C) I have also been successful in convincing him to take the shoes back with him. But he will certainly want an answer from us within a couple of days. Please advise us as to what course of action we should take. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


108. 20수완 T3-19

 

Jake lifted his head high and tried to control his breathing.


(A) She said it with such conviction that Jake's heart felt as if it would explode. Jake then repeated the same vows. He placed the ring upon Leah's finger. Someone cleared their throat. "You may now kiss your bride." 2

(B) Leah smiled at him, and his heart beat double time. He still had a hard time believing that Leah loved him and would soon be his wife. He only half listened to the wedding vows. Leah's voice was soft when she vowed to "love and to cherish, until death do us part." 1

(C) He would start his new life with Leah. His heart pounded in his chest with joy. Jake watched as a vision of beauty floated down the stairs. He'd never seen anyone look as lovely in his whole life. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


109. 20수완 T3-20

 

Most of the eating people do while standing up is impulse eating, like nibbling on something you see when opening the fridge to get something else out, grabbing a chocolate as you walk past an open box sitting on your colleague's desk or taking little bites as you prepare food or clean up after meals.


(A) But here's the thing: all the little nibbles here and there do count and will have consequences. 1

(B) It's important that you make every bite count. Not only will eating sitting down make you feel more physically satisfied, it will also make you feel more psychologically satisfied if you see a full meal or snack spread out in front of you rather than grabbing bites here or there while on the move. 2

(C) There's a real tendency to think that little nibbles here or there while going about your business don't actually count or won't have any consequences. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


110. 20수완 T3-21

 

The objective of battle, to "throw" the enemy and to make him defenseless, may temporarily blind commanders and even strategists to the larger purpose of war.


(A) And one side's will has to be transmitted to the adversary at some point during the confrontation (it does not have to be publicly communicated). A violent act and its larger political intention must also be attributed to one side at some point during the confrontation. History does not know of acts of war without eventual attribution. 2

(B) This insight was famously captured by Clausewitz's most famous phrase, "War is a mere continuation of politics by other means." To be political, a political entity or a representative of a political entity, whatever its constitutional form, has to have an intention, a will. That intention has to be articulated. 1

(C) War is never an isolated act, nor is it ever only one decision. In the real world, war's larger purpose is always a political purpose. It transcends the use of force. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


111. 20수완 T3-22

 

In the field of education, the sequence of human ages is reflected in the relationship between teacher and student.


(A) What needs to be remembered, however, is that classics is not simply a synonym for oldness or for wisdom construed in the past tense. Treated in this manner, the classics would be a pastime reserved only for teachers and older people, which would vitiate the need for continuity of transmission. 2

(B) A short label for these ripened fruits of learning is the "classics," and in this sense, every major cultural tradition on earth can boast a storehouse of classical texts and insights. 1

(C) In past centuries, this relationship was a close and intimate bond of apprenticeship (paradigmatically captured in the Indian formula of guru-shishyaparampara) in which the teacher transmitted to the student not only information but also the continuity of a tradition of learning, the fruits of the slow labor of intellectual and moral seasoning (far removed from clever dexterity). 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


112. 20수완 T3-23

 

The words used in survey questions should not trigger biases, unless doing so is the researcher's conscious intent.


(A) Take the difference between welfare and assistance for the poor. On average, surveys have found that public support for more assistance for the poor is about 39 percentage points higher than for welfare. Most people favor helping the poor. 1

(B) Biased words and phrases tend to produce misleading answers. Some polls ask obviously loaded questions, such as "Isn't it time for Americans to stand up for morality and stop the shameless degradation of the airwaves?" Especially when describing abstract ideas (eg, freedom, justice, fairness), your choice of words can dramatically affect how respondents answer. 0

(C) Most people oppose welfare. The "truly needy" gain our sympathy, but "loafers and bums" do not. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


113. 20수완 T3-24

 

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked.


(A) Performance feedback requires that the program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about performance can be very helpful, not only to the participant who does not win or place but also to those who do. 2

(B) The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating" others. The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition. 1

(C) The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some competitions and contests offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an award- or prizewinner. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


114. 20수완 T3-25

 

The two pie charts above show past world energy consumption for 2011 and projected world energy consumption for 2040.


(A) "Biomass" accounted for 4 percent of world energy consumption for 2011, ranking fifth. By 2040, the consumption of "Other Renewables" and "Nuclear" is expected to increase by 1 percentage point, respectively. 1

(B) In 2011, the combined share of "Petroleum", "Natural Gas", and "Coal" accounted for more than three quarters of world energy consumption, and the share of each fuel is expected to decrease except for "Natural Gas" in 2040. "Petroleum" is expected to remain the most consumed fuel, even with its share projected to fall from 3 7 percent in 2011 to 31 percent in 2040. 0

(C) "Hydropower" was the second least consumed energy source at 3 percent in 2011 and is expected to account for the same share in 2040. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


115. 20수완 T3-26

 

The eagle dance is a dramatization of the relationship believed to exist between man and the eagle and deific powers.


(A) On the head, is a close fitting headdress covered with feathers; the eyes are indicated, and at the front, is a long, curved beak —in all, a very good representation of an eagle's head. Over the shoulders and attached to the arms, are great feathered wings, and a feathered tail is attached to the belt in the back. This dance is a favorite with the public and is frequently performed at public exhibitions. 2

(B) Although the costume may vary from pueblo to pueblo, the basic features are the same. Each dancer's body is painted realistically; he wears a kilt, usually decorated with an undulating snake design. 1

(C) Two young men are costumed as eagles, one a male and the other female; in the course of the dance, they imitate almost every movement of these great birds. One sees them in the act of soaring, hovering over the fields, circling, perching on high places, and resting on the ground. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


116. 20수완 T3-27

 

Free Coffee Event This is an Awesome Gift of Coffee for Coffee Lovers by Kaffa Kaldi.


(A) But you can only redeem one coffee from each outlet per week. Are there minimum age requirements to enter the event? - There is no minimum age to redeem a free coffee. But we do not encourage children below the age of 16 to drink coffee. 2

(B) FAQs : How can this event last for a full year? - The sponsors for this agree to extend this event for the whole of 2020, so you can enjoy a free coffee on a weekly basis. So, how many free coffees can I redeem per week? - You can redeem a free coffee from any of the outlets on the list. 1

(C) Where can I get a free coffee? Sign up today and we will send you information on where and how to get your free coffee. There is no purchase required (though some very good and reasonably priced food is being offered for all participants of this program). Simply show your vouchers to redeem your free coffee! 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


117. 20수완 T3-28

 

Fun Run and Walk Saturday, October 10, 2020 Red South Beach, San Diego, CA Join Barnes Community Clinic (BCC) for our first Fun Run and Walk event!


(A) Register by September 30 to ensure your bib has your name on it. • Event Details - 3 Mile Run: 9 a.m. - 1 Mile Walk: 9:30 a.m. - Barnes Community Festival: 11 a.m. The festival is held in downtown Barnes, featuring sidewalk sales and family entertainment from a wide variety of local vendors. 2

(B) • Register Early and Save - Online registration: $20 until September 15, $25 until September 30 - Race day registration: $30 (opens 7 a.m.) • Amenities The first 500 participants who register online get a free T-shirt. Plus, everyone gets a beautiful custom bib. 1

(C) This is a fun noncompetitive event, and open to everyone. The best part is that 100% of the registration fees go back directly to BCC, helping to give patients the best medical care possible. 0


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118. 20수완 T3-29

 

In graphic form and function, the newspaper is coming to resemble a computer screen, as the combination of text, images, and icons turns the newspaper page into a static snapshot of a World Wide Web page.


(A) USA Today in fact makes considerable use of "hypertextual" links back and forth throughout its pages, and these links are sometimes cued by small graphics. The purpose of these icons together with the other pictures and graphics is not merely decorative. 1

(B) Together they help to redefine the function of the newspaper, which is no longer only to transmit verbal information, but also to provide an appropriate visual experience and through that experience dictate an appropriate reaction to the stories being told. 2

(C) In many newspapers the index now consists of summaries gathered in a column running down the left-hand side of the page, and a small picture is often included with the summary. Anyone familiar with multimedia presentations can easily read such a picture as an iconic button, which the user would press in order to receive the rest of the story. 0


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119. 20수완 T3-30

 

"What's in a name?


(A) What a work of art is titled, on the other hand, has a significant effect on the aesthetic face it presents and on the qualities we correctly perceive in it. A painting of a rose, by a name other than the one it has, might very well smell different, aesthetically speaking. The painting titled Rose of Summer and an indiscernible painting titled Vermillion Womanhood are physically, but also semantically and aesthetically, distinct objects of art. 2

(B) That which we call a rose, by any other name would smell as sweet." This thought of Shakespeare's points up a difference between roses and, say, paintings. Natural objects, such as roses, are not interpreted. 0

(C) They are not taken as vehicles of meanings and messages. They belong to no tradition, strictly speaking have no style, and are not understood within a framework of culture and convention. Rather, they are sensed and savored relatively directly, without intellectual mediation, and so what they are called, either individually or collectively, has little bearing on our experience of them.1


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120. 20수완 T3-31

 

There is a long-standing debate within psychology as to whether emotions per se are stored in memory.


(A) Remembering the circumstances in which an emotion was experienced also may cause people to experience a similar but new emotion in the present, and it is this new emotion that is then reported. As William James put it, "The revivability in memory of the emotions, like that of all the feelings of the lower senses, is very small.... We can produce, not remembrances of the old grief or rapture, but new griefs and raptures, by summoning up a lively thought of their exciting cause." 2

(B) According to this view, when asked to remember emotions, people retrieve not the fleeting emotional experience but a redescription of it based on memory for relevant details concerning the event or based on beliefs about how one is likely to have felt. 1

(C) Some investigators argue that emotion cannot be stored in memory but must be reconstructed based on knowledge concerning the circumstances in which the emotion was experienced. 0


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121. 20수완 T3-32

 

The apparent "mess" of the bacterial domain is understandable.


(A) From the examples of the macrobiological world, it is clear that lifestyle or morphology is only of limited use to establish relatedness, and many bacteria look more or less the same under a microscope. So how should we group bacteria, if not by their looks and behavior? 0

(B) For example, shigellosis is a type of severe diarrhea caused by Shigella species, for instance Shigella dysenteriae, which, by objective criteria, are just particular nasty brands of E. coli (the "E." of E. coli stands for the genus Escherichia). There is no scientific reason to grant Shigella bacteria their own genus name, but taxonomists have not renamed Shigella bacteria to be incorporated into the Escherichia genus — yet. 2

(C) In the old days, when research was dedicated to medical microbiology, distinctions were frequently made based on the diseases bacteria could cause. This has led to some inaccurate classifications that we live with even today. 1


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122. 20수완 T3-33

 

Many people, perhaps even you, associate philosophy with an image of bearded men in togas discussing deep thoughts.


(A) For example, in history, it is absolutely necessary to know specific facts about events. You can't study history just by reasoning or by thinking about ideas. Likewise, you can't do psychology without having a certain scientific view toward human nature and observing actual patterns in human behavior (this is why psychology is, in fact, a relatively recently developed discipline). 2

(B) There were such people in fact, and our Western intellectual heritage owes a lot to the ancient Greeks (which is why we have this mental picture). But it wasn't just the ancient Greeks who did philosophy. Philosophy is a basic human intellectual activity that has been pursued in every advanced culture since time immemorial. 0

(C) Its universality and timeless appeal should tell you something about it right off the bat. The doing of philosophy does not depend on any particular body of outside knowledge. This distinguishes it from any of the other "social sciences." 1


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123. 20수완 T3-34

 

Musical judgments are never made in complete isolation.


(A) The formation of "taste cultures" has always been socially defined. Participation in certain genres of music was historically determined by a person's social position, not by a purely independent aesthetic choice. Indeed, from a sociological perspective, taste is always a social category rather than an aesthetic one; it refers to the way we use cultural judgments as social "currency," to mark our social positions. 0

(B) These factors contribute to a sense of the relativity of any single position. Contemporary musical choices are plural as never before, and the effect of that plurality is inevitably to confirm that, in matters of musical judgment, the individual can be the only authority. 2

(C) This may be less clear today, since contemporary society is characterized by the fragmentation of older taste cultures and the proliferation of new ones. In this context, cultural transactions take place with increasing rapidity — hence the heating up of the cultural economy and its rapid turnover of new products. Not only are taste cultures themselves shifting, but people now tend to move between them with greater ease. 1


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124. 20수완 T3-35

 

Mathematics and logic are closely related, and in many branches of science forms of mathematics are available which are suitable for the deduction of the consequences of hypotheses.


(A) Nevertheless a sacrifice is usually made when reliance is placed on mathematics, because the existing forms of mathematics are adequate only for simplified cases. 1

(B) For example, much of organic chemistry has been developed with little assistance from mathematics. As a consequence the methods of argument which have developed in this field are not exact and certain, but they are applicable to a very wide range of problems quite beyond the reach of more formal procedures. 2

(C) When this is so, much more elaborate and far-reaching deductions become possible because of the great power of mathematical notation and methods, which permit deductions to be made that would be overwhelmingly complex if argued in ordinary language. 0


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125. 20수완 T3-36

 

As we trap more heat in the atmosphere, weather patterns become more volatile.


(A) That 7 percent isn't uniform, though. The greater moisture capacity of the air means that water can be sucked out of one area and deposited in another. Moisture becomes more concentrated in a few times and places, leading to droughts in one area or one season, followed by torrential rains in another. 1

(B) And indeed, across the United States, while precipitation is up 6 percent, droughts are also up, and the amount of rain that falls in the hardest 1 percent of rainstorms is up 20 percent. There's more rain, concentrated in fewer places, with more left to dry out, and those that do get rain receive more intense rainstorms. 2

(C) A rise in temperature of 1 degree can translate into an increase in the most severe extremes by several degrees. And warmer au can move more moisture around more quickly. For every degree Celsius that the planet warms, the atmosphere can absorb 7 percent more moisture. 0


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126. 20수완 T3-37

 

Personal adornment may reflect inner emotional states called mood.


(A) The culturally encouraged interpretation is that the redirection of eye movements required by line contrasts is symbolic of a dynamic inner state within the wearer. Thus, at least for Americans, contrasting line and color in costume can express exuberant mood to others and also reinforce the same mood in the wearer. 2

(B) It may also reinforce, disguise, or create mood. An individual caught up in a certain mood may wish to externalize it so it can be conveyed to and shared with others. Perhaps an individual feels light-hearted and energetic. 0

(C) In America, a culturally recognized way to create this effect is to choose costume with colors and linear arrangements that show contrast rather than sameness. Typically, color contrast can be attained by using a number of different colors together, by using bright colors that contrast with a somber background, and by using sharp differences in lightness and darkness of color. Linear contrast occurs if lines suddenly change direction or intersect when proceeding in different directions. 1


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127. 20수완 T3-38

 

The most striking characteristic of state public health law — and the one that underlies many of its defects — is its overall antiquity.


(A) When many of these statutes were written, public health (eg, epidemiology and biostatistics) and behavioral (eg, client-centered counseling) sciences were in their infancy. Modem prevention and treatment methods did not exist. 2

(B) These laws often do not reflect contemporary scientific understandings of injury and disease (eg, surveillance, prevention, and response) or legal norms for protection of individual rights. Rather, public health laws use scientific and legal standards that prevailed when they were enacted. Society faces different sorts of risks today and deploys different methods of assessment and intervention. 1

(C) Certainly, some statutes are relatively recent in origin. However, much of public health law was framed in the late nineteenth and early to mid-twentieth centuries and contains elements that are 40 to 100 years old. Old public health statutes are often outmoded in ways that directly reduce their effectiveness and conformity with modern standards. 0


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128. 20수완 T3-39

 

The lesson of history is that civilizations have never learned to live in harmony with their environment.


(A) Instead, by depleting natural resources, they eventually reached a point where they could no longer maintain their civil and military infrastructure adequately. At that point, they became vulnerable to invaders who wiped them out. This pattern seems to have been the case for the Mayans, for Angkor and for Sumeria. 2

(B) There is abundant historical evidence to show that disregard for the environment leads to human disaster. The current furore over climate change is reminiscent of events within many doomed societies. 0

(C) Archaeological research shows that many, perhaps most, ancient civilizations destroyed themselves by degrading their environment. In most cases this did not mean that people all suddenly died of hunger or were consumed by storms. 1


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129. 20수완 T3-40

 

In the few studies indicating somewhat favorable outcomes for aggressive humor, we note that mildly aggressive humor, when enacted as teasing or ridicule, may serve as a means of delivering certain types of messages.


(A) Participants viewed one of three videos (ie other-ridicule, self-ridicule, or no-target humor) and then performed different tasks to assess fear of failure, conformity, and creativity. Compared to participants who viewed the self-ridicule or no-target humor video, those in the other-ridicule condition were more conforming in completing their tasks and indicated a greater fear of failure. 2

(B) For example, research by Janes and Olsen examined young adults' perceptions of peer teasing and ridicule, which they labeled "jeer pressure." 0

(C) The researchers studied whether observing peers being ridiculed and teased in a video was related to college students' fear of failure, creativity, and conformity. 1


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130. 20수완 T3-4142

 

Rather than offering suggestions to your students, offer them questions instead.


(A) By responding with questions you avoid being prescriptive. Asking a student questions about his writing, as would an honest reader attempting to understand the student's point of view, allows you to indicate places where his logic breaks down, to inquire about missing data or ideas, or to register confusion. Asking questions doesn't fix the broken logic, fill in the missing data, or clear up the writing that's confused you. It's up to the student to do these things as he adjusts his writing in response to your questions. 0

(B) We should read as though we are coming to the topic afresh, with no more knowledge than our students present us in their work. We should allow ourselves to become confused when a student's writing wanders and to lose our way when that writing is unclear. Challenge the student to understand why it is you are confused and to confront that confusion by adjusting her explanation. After all, it's her task to explain her meaning to you, and should you lose yourself in her arguments it's up to her to help you find your way out. 2

(C) Instead of showing the student how to fix his work, you've challenged him to find a way to fix it himself. Admittedly, it can be hard for us to respond as the honest readers for whom our students intend to write. We're considerably more knowledgeable about our disciplines than our students are, so it's easy for us to pave over the holes in our students ' logic without them having to do it for us. Ideally we should resist the urge to read their writing this way. 1


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131. 20수완 T3-4345

 

Around the turn of the 20th century, when X-rays and ultraviolet light were still brand-new discoveries, the French academician Rene-Prosper Blondlot announced that he too had discovered a new kind of radiation.


(A) Then the lights came back on. In the front row, Wood sat wordlessly, holding up the aluminum prism for everyone to see. He had secretly removed the prism in the middle of Blondlot's demonstration to show that N-rays were an illusion. Without the prism, the machine couldn't work. After all, N-rays turned out to be fictive. The story of Blondlot is a story of self-deception among scientists. All scientists can fall into various forms of self-deception during research. To prevent self-deception, scientists need a strong commitment to carefulness, skepticism, and rigor. 2

(B) He visited Blondlot's laboratory. Blondlot attempted to demonstrate the existence of N-rays and make clear to Wood some of the difficulties involved. Blondlot's main apparatus was an N-ray spectroscope he had constructed with lenses and a prism all made of aluminum instead of glass. Blondlot would turn a dial to rotate the prism while his assistant read off the intensity of the N-ray beam focused on a screen. Time and again Blondlot rotated the prism and the assistant read off wavelengths of the transmitted beam. The emission spectrum seemed to be completely reproducible. As a final confirmation, and to make the measurements even more precise, Blondlot repeated turning the dial with the lights turned off, again with identical results. 1

(C) He called the new type of radiation N-rays, after Nancy, the name of the university where he worked. Within three years hundreds of papers had been written about N-rays, and he was awarded the prestigious Prix Leconte by the French Academy of Sciences. However, the problem was that almost no one outside Blondlot's laboratory could detect the rays at all. The problem, Blondlot explained, was that N-rays were sensitive to a thousand influences of every kind. Inexperienced workers could hardly hope to produce or detect them. Nature magazine was skeptical of his and sent American physicist Robert W. Wood of Johns Hopkins University to investigate his discovery. Wood suspected that N-rays were an illusion. 0


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132. 20수완 T4-18

 

We are residents of the City of Racine and we support the Kenosha-Racine-Milwaukee (KRM) commuter rail.


(A) We welcome the KRM because it would make it easy for us to commute from Racine to Chicago and then to O ' Hare Airport, without getting in our car. It would also allow us to get to the Milwaukee Airport as well. 0

(B) Commuter rail will play an important part in contributing to economic development. We also have to be very sensitive to the environmental impact of all the automobiles and congestion in the region. Commuter rail, again, will have a positive impact on the environment. 2

(C) We are somewhat regular flyers and leaving our car at the airport can be inconvenient, time consuming and expensive. It would seem quite clear that the Chicago-Milwaukee Corridor represents the economic future for the region. 1


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133. 20수완 T4-19

 

Ingrid traveled with her friend to Qinghai Province, to her hometown.


(A) These animals must not have learned to be afraid of humans. They watched them curiously, and it was not until they were very close that the animals trotted away; some even galloped along as if keeping them company. The sky was so blue that it seemed to have absorbed all the oceans in the world. 1

(B) Her uncle, a truck driver, drove them around. For a long time, their truck cruised on the desert-like land, no people or houses in sight. They saw many deer and wild goats, as well as coyotes. 0

(C) They arrived at Qinghai Lake. The huge prairie around it extended all the way to the horizon. She and her friend ran, jumped, sang, danced, rolled on the grass, and shouted at the lake. 2


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134. 20수완 T4-20

 

One of the first questions I' m asked by adults who are interested in teaching philosophy to children is: "How will I know what material is age-appropriate for the kids I'm working with?"


(A) I believe that any topic can be discussed once you determine the general maturity level of your group and shift gears as needed. 2

(B) Interestingly, I've found there is no guarantee that one approach or presentation will work for a particular age group, and that it's best to trust your intuition about whether or how to approach a topic with your class or child. I have met second-graders who discussed death with ease, and seventh-graders who were uncomfortable talking about friendship. 0

(C) It's important not to assume immediately that a topic is appropriate or inappropriate on the basis of a child's age. Children's maturity levels, interests, backgrounds, and verbal abilities vary. 1


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135. 20수완 T4-21

 

In his bright blue postman's uniform with gold buttons, Vincent's new friend, Joseph Roulin, sat stiffly posing for his portrait.


(A) Vincent thought him more interesting than anyone he'd met in Arles. When he finished the portrait, the Roulins invited him to stay for supper. Roulin, after a bottle of wine, expounded on his socialist politics and offered the younger artist advice about life. 1

(B) Vincent thought the postman looked like Socrates, with his large head, ruddy cheeks, and long salt-and-pepper beard. He painted quickly, as Roulin could hardly contain himself. Roulin's wife had just delivered a baby girl, and he was "proud as a peacock and aglow with satisfaction." 0

(C) For Vincent, who long ago had lost faith in his own father, Roulin, "so wise and so trustful," became a father figure. He painted eight versions of the postman, as well as portraits of Mrs. Roulin and their two sons. Despite his poverty, Roulin refused to be paid, so Vincent ended up buying him food and many drinks at the local cafe. 2


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136. 20수완 T4-22

 

Wherever we find creativity, we almost always find it was the result of a person who willingly went to work on a real problem.


(A) Thomas Edison once remarked that "Everything comes to him who hustles." Work. Don't worry. 0

(B) When we read the words of people like Giacomo Puccini, that great operatic composer, who once remarked, "The music of this opera Madame Butterfly was dictated to me by God. I was merely instrumental in putting it on paper and communicating it to the public," what are we to think? Obviously, he and others feel as though they are merely the instrument through which creative energies are flowing. While it might have felt this way to Puccini, it is also evident that Puccini underestimated his own abilities.2

(C) That was Edison's advice. And he proved its usefulness by his own example. But despite Edison's experience and that of countless others who continue to make breakthroughs, there remains considerable mystery about how creative ideas actually come to people. 1


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137. 20수완 T4-23

 

Placing organic products into the global market has a number of implications.


(A) Entry into global markets may offer grounds on which to challenge national subsidies for conventional agriculture, but retaliatory challenges against organic farming are likely. A further concern is that global markets are uncertain and often volatile, which has the effect of reducing the security of farming enterprises and can be added to the economic incentives for larger-scale enterprises. 2

(B) Global markets are characterized by the strong role played by corporations in transport, handling, distribution, marketing and sales. Entering into the same markets as conventional agricultural products is likely to result in organic produce being subject to the same economic conditions that have shaped conventional agriculture and made sustainable practices unattractive. 0

(C) Organic producers competing in existing global markets will face economic incentives likely to erode the principles of organic farming. An emerging issue of potentially great concern is challenges brought against nations whose trading preferences run counter to such groups as the World Trade Organization. 1


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138. 20수완 T4-24

 

Speaking of the place of rational thinking in the life of primitive humanity, rationality itself meant more than mechanical, conscious figuring; it also expressed itself in different ways.


(A) Conscious, rational thinking can be an exceptionally sluggish and dangerous process in emergency situations, where split-second decisions often make the difference between survival and annihilation. 0

(B) It's not clear, however, whether the capacity for instant but unconscious thinking and split-second decision-making (eg, quickly running from a predator or thoughtlessly striking a debilitating or lethal blow to an enemy) is a new human response mechanism, an old instinct that has been carried over from humanity's animal ancestry, or a creative combination of the two. Whatever it is, it certainly realizes an important goal of rational figuring, to the extent that it is typically an orderly response that increases the chances for survival. 2

(C) It is for this reason that the capacity for rapid and dramatic decision-making had to evolve, which, oddly enough, was accomplished through bypassing conscious, rational thinking altogether. 1


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139. 20수완 T4-26

 

Little Sable Point Light stands 107 feet tall in Silver Lake State Park.


(A) Although no longer manned, the tower still sends its light out into the night. The lighthouse is open to the public on weekends during the summer.2

(B) It is a simple lighthouse that reflects the tall cylindrical structure so common to Michigan lighthouses. It is one of the oldest brick lighthouses on Lake Michigan. Its red brick tower is topped by a black cast-iron parapet with arc-shaped supports. 0

(C) In 1874 it was considered one of the loneliest stations for a keeper because there was no village nearby. But, for anyone seeking solitude and space in the middle of unsurpassed beauty it was an ideal assignment. The keeper's house was demolished during the 1950s. 1


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140. 20수완 T4-29

 

The artist is often unable to tell beforehand how his painting is going to turn out, because it develops as he paints it.


(A) But the medium has limitations of its own. There are feelings that can or cannot be translated effectively into a particular medium. In considering these limitations, the artist must realize how he changes the material and also in what ways the material changes his expression and his conceptions. 2

(B) The artist realizes what the layman has experienced but cannot express. The artist frees original fantasies, aims, desires, and emotions, and expresses them through his medium. 1

(C) Even with a particular compositional or subject matter in mind the design of a painting changes as one form is added to complement another and as these forms create new and unanticipated relationships when seen in a whole composition. A painting grows like a living organism in the artist's mind and feelings as he interacts with his work at different stages in its development. 0


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141. 20수완 T4-30

 

Policies aimed at providing mobility for low-income carless people might effectively be focused on the census tracts that have the largest percentages of households with these characteristics.


(A) Even when an area-targeted policy can be implemented, it provides services to many households who live in the targeted tracts but do have a car or are not in poverty, and it would miss the many carless households that do not live in the target census tracts. 1

(B) Also, there are numerous individuals (rather than households) who are carless for much of the day — people, for example, who remain at home while someone else takes the household's one car to work. The census tract maps are little help in locating these people. 2

(C) You can see that such policies would be far easier to implement in the city, where target tracts are clustered together, than in the suburbs, where they are widely dispersed. 0


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142. 20수완 T4-31

 

Probably the easiest way to tum your passion into your job is to do it gradually.


(A) If possible, don't quit your day job before launching your business. If you want to podcast, start with a monthly show or a very short weekly show and see how it goes. 0

(B) In many cases, if your idea is a good one, you'll eventually become so busy or successful in your part-time endeavor that it will be clear when you should quit your day job and become a full -time independent business owner. 2

(C) If you want to open a yogurt shop, take a part-time job in someone else's yogurt shop and learn everything you can about how to run the business. If you're passionate enough, it won't even feel like work. 1


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143. 20수완 T4-32

 

When a class of 30 college students read a not very- good biography about Maria Tallchief, an Osage ballerina who captured the attention of the dancing world in the early 20th century, all the students, except for five women, pronounced the book "mediocre."


(A) The others, without ballet backgrounds, did not find enough to interest them in the shallow way the author presented Tallchief's story. 2

(B) When they read about Maria Tallchief, they were reading their own stories. For them, the book served as a link to a meaningful personal experience. 1

(C) That enthusiastic handful loved the book and couldn't understand why the others were not impressed by this story that had meant so much to them. During the short discussion, the fact surfaced that all of the five young women had taken and loved ballet as children. 0


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144. 20수완 T4-33

 

Many have claimed that, with billions of likely Earth-like planets, civilizations like ours must be common in our galaxy.


(A) More fundamentally, complex biological beings did not evolve to traverse the vastness of interstellar space; if interstellar travelers exist they'll be robots capable of "sleeping" over many thousands of years. Remember that stars are separated in distances measured by "light years" and, with light speed at 186,000 miles (300,000 km) in a single second, interstellar travel by living things remains a fantasy. 1

(B) Setting astrobiology ("the science without a subject") aside we'll confine ourselves to the planet on which we live. 2

(C) However, the more we learn, the more unlikely that appears. SETI — the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence program 一has been scanning the firmament for radio signals over more than forty years, and they have failed to intercept a single coherent message. 0


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145. 20수완 T4-34

 

When someone gives a reason for his action, he makes reference to an end (or goal), plus a belief that the action will somehow advance the end.


(A) Humans assign variable meanings to what they perceive, dependent on perception, belief, emotion, and long-term goals. Knight notes that human consciousness does not fit neatly into the natural science paradigm. "Science can find no place for it[consciousness], and no role for it to perform in the causal sequence. 1

(B) The very invocation of a reason for action suggests that the person himself is a cause, directing himself toward an end. Economist Frank Knight addresses the problem of reasons for scientific accounts of choice as part of the more general problem of the place of human consciousness in scientific explanation. The challenge of human consciousness arises from the fact that humans react to their interpretation of reality, not to reality directly. 0

(C) It is epiphenomenal." The nature of social science, and its relationship to natural science, depends crucially on whether or not we take seriously the reasons that people give as causes of their actions. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


146. 20수완 T4-35

 

It is time to put agriculture and food on the political agendas of local communities.


(A) This integration means that local agriculture and food businesses need the same access to economic development resources — such as grants, tax incentives, and loans — as nonfarm-related businesses. 1

(B) Additionally, communities should ensure that agricultural constituencies are represented on community boards, task forces, and governing bodies. Likewise, local agriculture and food systems activities should be addressed and integrated into any comprehensive planning processes. 2

(C) Locally organized agriculture and food enterprises must be fully integrated into a community's general planning and economic development efforts. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


147. 20수완 T4-36

 

Increased daytime temperature of both pavement and near-surface air, reduced nighttime cooling, and associated higher air pollution levels can affect human health by contributing to general discomfort, respiratory difficulties, heat cramps and exhaustion, nonfatal heat stroke, and heat-related mortality.


(A) Excessive heat events, or abrupt and dramatic temperature increases, are particularly dangerous and contribute to premature deaths, potentially resulting in above-average rates of mortality. The heat-related mortality may tend to increase under the future potential climate change, under which more extreme surface weather conditions and heat events will probably be showing up. 2

(B) Sensitive populations, such as children, older adults, and those with existing health conditions, are at particular risk from these events. 1

(C) Heat islands can also exacerbate the impact of heat waves, which are periods of abnormally hot, and often humid, weather. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


148. 20수완 T4-37

 

It is important to recognize the nature of mathematics and the very radical abstraction that it involves.


(A) Escaping from the earlier era of crude superstition and magic, they saw themselves emerging into a world where reason and evidence would triumph. But reason, in its purest form, is seen in logic and mathematics, and it was therefore natural to expect that the world would be, in principle, comprehensible in terms of 'laws of nature' which, with mathematical precision, would determine the movement of all things. 2

(B) That it should be possible for an abstract formula to correspond to nature was a fundamental assumption made by those involved in the emerging sciences. Beneath it lay the deeper assumption that the world is a predictable and ordered place. 1

(C) Galileo, Descartes, Huygens and Newton all produced formulae. In other words, they were seeking to create a mathematical and abstract way of summing up physical phenomena, using mathematics to express patterns seen in nature. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


149. 20수완 T4-38

 

An interesting observation that is pertinent to the idea of an instinctive urge is displacement activity.


(A) But on other occasions the behavior is not distinguishable from normal grooming activity. Certain species of fish, such as the stickleback, also exhibit such out-of-context displacement activity. When at the boundary between its own territory and that of another stickleback, where both attack and escape behaviors are elicited, inappropriate nest-building behavior is often displayed. 2

(B) Displacement activity occurs when two incompatible response tendencies are simultaneously aroused. For example, a bird might be faced with a rival that elicits both attack and flight. 0

(C) In this situation, behaviors are displayed that appear to be irrelevant to the situation, such as grooming. At times the activity differs from normal grooming behavior in that it seems hurried and is discontinued before it is completed. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


150. 20수완 T4-39

 

As the number of information security incidents rose, a community of security practitioners and academics attempted to categorize the types of threats.


(A) This is an incredibly problematic term especially when it is employed outside the computer and information security community. We all know a military attack or a terrorist attack is an event that carries with it the likely loss of life and destruction of property, but what the policy crowd didn't have a firm grasp upon was what sort of damage a cyber attack could do. 2

(B) Into these categories, supplemented by a few others that often are subject to debate, almost any security can be placed. In computer and information security, any "single unauthorized access attempt, or unauthorized use attempt, regardless of success" carries the label of "attack," a word with many applications in the English language, from verbal dispute to acts of war. 1

(C) While the US military had considerable experience in how it identified, classified, protected, transmitted, processed, and destroyed information, outside of government such knowledge was scarcer. Study of security produced a characterization of three categories in which information or information systems could be compromised: confidentiality, integrity, and availability. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


151. 20수완 T4-40

 

Researchers have now integrated findings that used methods such as positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies of dopamine's role in human drug addiction and longitudinal observations of the eating behaviors of overweight and obese individuals to show that increased body weight can increase behaviors that are common markers of addiction.


(A) By hiring food and flavor chemists to design products that elicit this primal "wanting," food companies can bypass the rational processes that protect people from harming themselves. 2

(B) Dopamine rewards the brain, thus signaling people to continue the behaviors that release it. One characteristic of addiction is that it is experienced as wanting, not simply liking, the addictive substance. 0

(C) A biopsychological research group in the United Kingdom has developed experimental methods to distinguish between explicit liking and implicit wanting. Their studies found that individuals with a tendency towards binge eating reported "liking" most food types, but "wanting" high-fat sweet foods. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


152. 20수완 T4-4142

 

There is a distinction between the social and physical environments and the different types of selection pressures that they represent; this is because the physical environment changes a lot less over evolutionary time than the social.


(A) It is much better if behavioural responses are flexible. Many human brain adaptations have evolved in response to aspects of the social environment, including cheating, deception, and cooperation. 2

(B) For example, the qualities of gravity feel no different to you and me than they did to the first land-dwelling vertebrates. This stability means that there are certain properties of tetrapod bone structure, including in us four-limbed humans, that are set and have not changed. Tetrapods have a good solution to the problem of bearing weight under gravity, and any mutations are likely to result in a lower survival and reproductive outcome (a lower fitness). 0

(C) The social environment — made up primarily of other humans, but also more broadly other animals — is a completely different matter. In this environment, humans have to react to situations as they occur. Here, doing the same thing every time a situation occurs — say, always dodging left when being charged by a bull, or always sharing your meat when asked to 一 would be a distinct disadvantage, because the other animals or humans would evolve a response to outwit you. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


153. 20수완 T4-4345

 

'Granddad,' William shouted, still dazed.


(A) William, not wanting to be left on his own, had followed his grandfather up to his room, and entered in time to see and hear him utter those unusual words. To his astonishment and delight, he saw the shiny box turn red, as if it had suddenly become very hot, and then the lid opened and revealed the most strikingly beautiful ring imaginable. 'Granddad' shouted William excitedly. 'Is that the ring of ever-changing colours you are always telling me about? It's so — so cool,' he said, not wanting to use a girly word like beautiful, although he thought it was. He came closer to get a better look at it, and to his amazement it began changing colours. First it went green, then blue, then pink and then through every colour in the spectrum. 1

(B) 'What's wrong?' His grandfather didn't answer — he probably never heard him, his mind wrestling with his worst fears. Granddad rushed into his room, flung back the door to his cupboard and searched through a pile of old shoeboxes. Hidden inside one of them was a smaller box, which he removed carefully. He unhooked the little catch at the front and lifted the lid. Inside was an even smaller box made of what looked like stainless steel. He lifted the box out, took it over to his desk and said, 'Ism Sprism.' 0

(C) Just when William thought there couldn't possibly be any more colours, new ones he had never seen before started appearing. 'Those are magic colours,' said his grandfather. They watched, fascinated. For a moment, his grandfather even forgot the reason for rushing to his room. 'Then you really are a wizard after all' shouted William, shattering the calm around them. A shiver of amusement ran down his spine. Before his grandfather could answer, a light exuded from the ring which was so deep and vibrant that William thought he would drown in it. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


154. 20수완 T5-18

 

I reside in the downtown area of Louisville, close to the proposed parking garage location.


(A) In addition, the proposed size is out of character for downtown in general. Even a three-story parking garage would be the largest building in this area, damaging the historic character of the neighborhood and looming over the skyline. 1

(B) As an active resident who spends time downtown on most Friday and Saturday nights, the only times there seems to be a true parking problem are during the Summer Concerts in July. Building a four-story parking garage for those eight nights seems to be a bit extreme. 0

(C) I think there are other projects that I'd prefer the city to prioritize before undertaking a new parking garage. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


155. 20수완 T5-19

 

When I reached the intersection, Sheldon was not there.


(A) Could I be in the wrong place? Perspiration began to form on my forehead and I wiped away the dampness on my upper lip. I forced myself to control my fear, and tried to think of a plan. If I called Sheldon there would be no answer, as he was waiting for me on a street corner somewhere nearby. It might be a good idea to drive closer to his office. 1

(B) Fortunately, I had his business card in my wallet, because I simply could not remember his address. Then, I spotted him standing on the corner. Concerned, he had walked down the block. Thank goodness! 2

(C) Where was he? Cars behind me began to honk. I had to drive on. There was no place to park. Again I passed the intersection and no Sheldon. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


156. 20수완 T5-20

 

Collection reevaluation, most commonly known as weeding, is the process of removing books and other materials from the library collection when they are no longer useful.


(A) Instead, it should be motivated by a desire to maintain an up-to-date, inviting, and useful collection. Just as weeds can overtake a garden and hide the beauty of flowers, materials left in the library collection which are no longer useful can make it more difficult to find the ones which are. 2

(B) It is an essential part of collection development. A good weeding policy and procedure is as important as good selection procedures in building and maintaining an attractive and useful collection. 0

(C) Because it is a task many librarians don't enjoy, weeding is often put off until space is needed. However, overcrowded shelves should not be the first or only motivation for weeding. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


157. 20수완 T5-21

 

Ideas about uncertainty are governed by the way society perceives the relationship between the present and the future.


(A) When, as today, the future is regarded as a dangerous territory, uncertainty is framed in a negative light. In such a setting, change itself is perceived as threatening. A potent undercurrent of apprehension towards change — whether technological, social or political — permeates the day-to-day affairs of the contemporary Western world. 0

(B) In this way, the dangers of the future acquire an immediate and intimate quality. They demand that we ring the alarm bells while implying that there is very little that can be done to avoid the dangers that lie ahead. 2

(C) Uncertainty was at times regarded as an opportunity — that it now tends to be cast in a negative light is symptomatic of a mood of fatalism towards the challenges faced by society. This fatalistic attitude is summed up by the often-repeated catch-phrase — 'The question is "not if, but when?"' Warnings of catastrophic climate events, deadly flu epidemics or mass casualty terrorism usually conclude with this defeatist refrain, which implicitly and sometimes explicitly calls into question humanity's capacity to avoid the destructive consequences of the threats it faces. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


158. 20수완 T5-22

 

At a recent workshop for mental health professionals, Bonnie Zucker, the author of two excellent books on childhood anxiety, gave a presentation on the treatment of anxiety.


(A) Dr. Zucker then said, "Meditation is so powerful that I ask all of you who don't yet meditate to learn meditation — and then call me in a year to tell me how it's changed your life." We couldn't agree more. 1

(B) She asked the three hundred professionals in the audience if they meditated on a regular basis. A handful raised their hands. 0

(C) Practicing meditation is increasingly important as changes in the world lead to higher levels of anger and fear, and as advances in technology quicken the pace of life, giving us little time to simply "be" with ourselves. Although kids and teens rarely beg their parents to find them a meditation teacher, research indicates that when children and adolescents establish a practice regularly, meditation benefits them in the same ways as it does adults. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


159. 20수완 T5-23

 

In times of crisis, the media react to society's need for surveillance and information by devoting massive time and energy to coverage of the crisis.


(A) The media highlight the wisdom of leaders and the bravery of rescue workers or soldiers to reassure society that "we are all in this together" and that everything possible is being done for survival. So, although the media may be unable to fulfill surveillance and correlation needs, they are able to offer assurance and tension reduction. 2

(B) All too often, though, it is difficult to gather information. Yet, it would be dysfunctional for media coverage to cease until information can be collected and verified. 0

(C) In order to reduce tension in society, media devote a good deal of coverage to media content intended to comfort their audience. Solidarity building is functional for society in times of crisis. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


160. 20수완 T5-24

 

Affect can be expressed through facial expressions and through modulations in the tone and prosody of the voice.


(A) What is striking is the finding that the input from the body — including signals from the muscles, bones, and viscera (such as the heart and the intestines) — is more highly integrated in the right hemisphere than in the left. In other words, the whole body is represented in an integrated way in the right hemisphere. 1

(B) Even the regulation of the body's autonomic nervous system is primarily mediated by right-brain mechanisms. The right hemisphere therefore appears to play a major role in mediating regulatory emotional processes, as well as in permitting the expression of emotional states and the conscious awareness of emotional experience. 2

(C) These nonverbal aspects of language communication, in both their expression and perception, appear to be mediated predominantly by the right hemisphere. The body's posture and movement can also blend with the voice and facial expression in sending affective signals that are readily perceived by other people. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


161. 20수완 T5-25

 

The above graph shows the online market shares of eight European countries in 2014 and 2015.


(A) In 2015, the Netherlands' online market share was more than twice as large as Spain's. 2

(B) The online market shares of the eight European countries all increased from 2014 to 2015. Both in 2014 and in 2015, the country with the largest online market share was the United Kingdom, followed by Germany. 0

(C) Sweden took third place in the online market share in 2014, but it fell to fourth place behind France in 2015. Spain's online market share was 0.5 percentage point larger in 2015 than it was in 2014. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


162. 20수완 T5-29

 

At the root of the task of epistemology is the challenge posed by the simple fact that appearances don't always correspond with reality.


(A) Sherlock Holmes seemed to have an acute recognition of this insight, perhaps accounting for what can be called his aversion to the obvious. Rarely was he content with what may have seemed clear-cut and obvious to others. He was interested in what accounted for all the facts, not just those most at the surface. 1

(B) An obvious explanation in "The Beryl Coronet" case was that the son was the guilty perpetrator, appearing to have been caught red-handed. Holmes, searching for an explanation for all the observations he had made and facts in need of an account, remained skeptical. Healthy skepticism about appearances tends to be a salient feature of any credible epistemologist. 2

(C) They can be deceiving. Sometimes what seems simple is deceptively complex, and sometimes what appears complicated admits of a simple explanation. The fact that we can be deceived or deluded complicates the epistemic task of finding the truth. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


163. 20수완 T5-30

 

For some teens, screen use has contributed to an underdeveloped identity.


(A) They may be devoting so much time to gaming and staying connected with "friends" that they don't have time or desire to broaden their interests or learn new skills, which would grow and solidify their identity. Also, because technology makes many things easier, they may be lacking the perseverance, diligence, and teachability that are often essential for adding to their skill sets and character development. 0

(B) For example, they may post often about their musical interests and never mention that they volunteer at an animal shelter. As time goes by and no friends acknowledge or support the teen's interest in animal rescue, the teen may begin to devalue that interest and let it wane. 2

(C) Posting on social networks can limit identity development because the tendency is for posts to acknowledge only certain aspects of their lives. That means friends and family can only provide comments or ask questions about those elements — the ones the teens choose to show. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


164. 20수완 T5-31

 

Although both papyrus and parchment were used in various places throughout the ancient world for centuries, the eventual displacement of papyrus as the standard writing medium was fueled by a rivalry.


(A) As Alexandria was accumulating volumes and copies of documents, so was the library in Pergamum. Another important center of scholarship, the Greek kingdom of Pergarnum was located in present-day Turkey and was founded in the second century B.C. 0

(B) By the waning of the Western Roman Empire in 476 A.D., the parchment codex had become the predominant form of the book, replacing the papyrus roll. 2

(C) Not to be outdone by a competitor, Egypt placed an embargo on the export of the native papyrus, thus preventing Pergamum from obtaining the needed writing medium. Cutting off the supply of papyrus only led the scholars in Pergamum to improve parchment and to rely on it as their main writing material. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


165. 20수완 T5-32

 

Technology now allows for addition as well as subtraction.


(A) We can not only imagine that the full assembly is present, but also prove it. 1

(B) At an annual gathering of my college friends in Vermont's Green Mountains, those unable to make it up for the weekend are photoshopped in by one friend; though absent, they are still sitting only slightly awkwardly on the steps or by the porch rail, reaffirming the inclusive spirit of our extended family. 0

(C) In one such photo taken several years ago, a man who happened to be in New York City that weekend appeared on the Vermont porch tossing a basketball to some hoop outside the frame. This magical realism was consistent with the way our long-standing friendships are integrated — seamlessly, unpredictably, and mysteriously — into geographically remote lives and experiences. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


166. 20수완 T5-33

 

Most early primate studies assumed that primates were highly territorial and that groups would fight to defend their territories.


(A) Or just running away. Severe violence and aggression between groups is rare and seldom results in death. 2

(B) This is not to say that if one spends enough time watching primates she won't see two groups corning together over a contested area and putting on a big show for each other — lots of hooting and hollering and maybe even some fighting. These conflicts can result in serious injury or death but rarely do. Just as within groups, between-group conflicts are often resolved via negotiations or avoidance. 1

(C) We now know that most primates are not what we would call "territorial," because areas they use overlap with areas that other groups of the same species use. But there are conflicts over space, and in most cases groups of the same species tend to avoid being in the same place at the same time (though not always). Researchers have argued that this is a way to minimize the risk of conflict and violence between groups. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


167. 20수완 T5-34

 

Of all approaches to health, the biomedical is unquestionably the most influential.


(A) There are obvious merits to understanding these physiological influences, not least to treat infectious diseases, which were the main cause of ill health and death until early in the 20th century. However, as Engel recognised, ill health is not reducible to disease processes alone, and if it were, then there should be much greater consistency in how people experience and respond to disease and its treatment than is actually observed. 1

(B) This model understands health primarily through the lens of disease, and it attributes the cause of ill health to some breakdown in normal biological and physiological functioning. In so doing, it gives a clear direction in how best to manage health — and this is to focus on repairing or treating the source of breakdown in the body. 0

(C) It is also the case that the health landscape has changed dramatically to one in which chronic conditions (eg, diabetes, depression, arthritis) have become the prevailing cause of ill health. For these conditions, there is generally no simple biomedical fix that can be administered to restore health.2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


168. 20수완 T5-35

 

Most people are socialized to believe in the reciprocity principle — the rule that one should pay back in kind what one receives from others.


(A) Charities frequently make use of this principle. 0

(B) The belief that people should reciprocate others' kindness is a powerful norm; thus, people often feel obliged to reciprocate by making a donation in return for the gift. According to Cialdini, the reciprocity norm is so powerful that it often works even when the gift is uninvited, the gift comes from someone you dislike, or the gift results in an uneven exchange. 2

(C) Groups seeking donations for the disabled, the homeless, and so forth routinely send "free" address labels, key rings, and other small gifts with their pleas for donations. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


169. 20수완 T5-36

 

Color defines our world and our emotions.


(A) Upon entering a room, we first see the color or colors used in the interior design and then discern the furnishings and artifacts contained within the space. An artwork, be it fine or commercial, is aesthetically pleasing to the viewer when its color usage allows the viewer to see the content of the piece (both color and imagery) together. When this is accomplished, a work's message is conveyed immediately, without a "second look" on the part of the viewer. 2

(B) At first glance we do not see the different species of trees present in a summer woodland, but rather see the preponderance of green. The artist, architect, and designer, however, are generally concerned with having color and imagery perceived simultaneously. 1

(C) It is usually seen before imagery. Our eyes are attracted to color to such an extent that the color of an object is perceived before the details imparted by its shapes and lines. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


170. 20수완 T5-37

 

How the bandwagon effect occurs is demonstrated by the history of measurements of the speed of light.


(A) If a result fit what they expected, they kept it. If a result didn't fit, they threw it out. They weren't being intentionally dishonest, just influenced by the conventional wisdom. The pattern only changed when someone had the courage to report what was actually measured instead of what was expected. 2

(B) Then, from 1900 to 1950, the opposite happened — all the experiments found speeds that were too low! This kind of error, where results are always on one side of the real value, is called "bias." It probably happened because over time, experimenters subconsciously adjusted their results to match what they expected to find. 1

(C) Because this speed is the basis of the theory of relativity, it's one of the most frequently and carefully measured quantities in science. As far as we know, the speed hasn't changed over time. However, from 1870 to 1900, all the experiments found speeds that were too high. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


171. 20수완 T5-38

 

Loess is a homogeneous, fine yellow soil that has been deposited across 1 million square miles (2 million sq km) of land that covers several areas of the world: Asia, Europe, and North America.


(A) It ranges in thickness from area to area and can be as thick as 10 feet (3 m) in some locations. Loess originated from glacial processes. 0

(B) As the area dried out, winds carried loess across the land. Its texture was so fine that it was carried great distances. This spread the deposits across wide areas and left rich, easily recognizable, homogeneous soil. 2

(C) As the massive weight of the glacial ice moved across the Earth's surface, the ice ground along the rock slowly and abraded and pulverized it into a powderlike substance. Later, as the climate warmed and the ice melted, running water washed the flourlike deposits from under the glaciers and into streams along the edges of the ice. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


172. 20수완 T5-39

 

In one experiment, participants received verbal information about a product that they believed to be either familiar (a standard computer mouse) or unfamiliar (a trackball mouse).


(A) Consequently, visualizers evaluated the unfamiliar product less favorably than the familiar one. However, presenting a picture of the unfamiliar product increased visualizers' evaluation of it to a level similar to that of the familiar one. 1

(B) In contrast, individuals with a disposition to process information verbally (verbalizers) based their evaluations on the semantic implications of the product-attribute descriptions, which were the same regardless of the product's ostensible familiarity. Therefore, they evaluated the familiar and unfamiliar products similarly even in the absence of a picture. 2

(C) Individuals with a disposition to process information visually (visualizers) presumably had a previously formed mental image of the familiar product that they could use in organizing the verbal attribute descriptions. When the mouse was unfamiliar and a picture of it was unavailable, this was not the case, and a visual image of the product was difficult to construct on the basis of the attributes alone. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


173. 20수완 T5-40

 

Richerson and Boyd argue that people could learn cooperative behavior through "conformist transmission," which means copying whatever behaviors are most common within a population.


(A) Herbert Simon has made a similar argument about our disposition to learn from others, which he calls "docility." This is a highly advantageous trait, yet it allows other people to occasionally manipulate us into learning altruistic behaviors which do not benefit us. 2

(B) Given that humans rely so much on socially learned behaviors, this bias toward conformist transmission is probably adaptive on average, even if it occasionally causes us to learn maladaptive behaviors. Thus, it is possible that our tendency to copy prosocial behavior could be a maladaptive byproduct of our adaptive tendency to copy common behaviors. 1

(C) Copying common behaviors is normally an adaptive way of learning how to do things because others may have already figured out the best way of doing things. However, it can also cause people to make systematic errors when they also copy behaviors that tum out to not be optimal. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


174. 20수완 T5-4142

 

The last, most needed, most paradoxical attribute of democratic leadership is the willingness to forgo power when attaining and maintaining it requires morally unacceptable compromise.


(A) On the other hand, principled aspirants cannot hope to win power by bluntly saying exactly what they believe. For example, while his desire to support Britain's struggle against Nazi Germany was completely justified, Franklin Roosevelt might well have lost his 1940 re-election campaign if he had been completely candid about it. So he equivocated. When Wendell Willkie, the Republican presidential nominee, claimed that a vote for Roosevelt meant war in 1941, Roosevelt countered with a flat promise to the contrary — "Your boys are not going to be sent into any foreign wars" — deliberately omitting the Democratic platform's qualifying phrase, "except in case of attack." 1

(B) Democratic politics at its best is the use of publicly authorized power to advance the common good. Would-be leaders, then, can fail in two ways. They may be unable to obtain public support for their agenda, or they may win support by advocating only what the people want to hear. While modem survey research has raised the assessment of public beliefs to a high art, the temptation to pander to them is a recurrent weakness of democratic politics. 0

(C) When one of his speechwriters asked about the omission, he replied, "Of course we'll fight if we're attacked. If someone attacks us, then it isn't a foreign war, is it?" This mental reservation allowed Roosevelt to pretend that he wasn't trying to mislead the people, which of course he was. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


175. 20수완 T5-4345

 

One Friday afternoon in July, an editor at Australian Football League (AFL) media called David, an intern reporter, and asked if he was interested in covering the game at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG) that night (Collingwood versus Adelaide).


(A) He was still sitting in the MCG press box at 1 a.m. with a few other reporters, but it was all worth it in the end. David's experience at AFL media has, above all things, given him the best indication yet of what it takes to be a journalist at that level. Watching the experienced guys go about their work and being able to pick their brains at various times has been a really positive experience. David hopes his time there has given him a solid grounding for future work in sports journalism, an area he is most passionate about. 2

(B) One of the reporters suddenly quit her job and he was asked to take her spot. Naturally, he jumped at the chance and was assigned to sit in the press box and provide coverage of the game alongside one of the other AFL media reporters. Sitting with prominent football journalists in Melbourne was very exciting to David. As the night progressed he realised how ruthless match reporting could be. He was expected to file his report on or within five minutes of the final siren, which proved difficult given the match's relatively close result. 0

(C) After the game he went down to the losing team's rooms (Adelaide) and approached their media manager for a player interview. Before the game he had seen on Twitter that Adelaide player Jarryd Lyons — who kicked four goals on the night — had played school cricket with new Australian sensation Ashton Agar. Ashton Agar had just scored a brilliant 98 on debut in England the night before and David wanted to speak with Jarryd Lyons for a potential story. His request was instantly granted and he spoke to him, firstly about the game and eventually about playing with Agar at De La Salle College. He also attended Adelaide coach Brenton Sanderson's press conference and wrote a report on that. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


[ANSWER]
1. ① 2. ④ 3. ③ 4. ③ 5. ② 6. ④ 7. ② 8. ⑤ 9. ③ 10. ①


11. ① 12. ① 13. ① 14. ① 15. ⑤ 16. ② 17. ④ 18. ③ 19. ① 20. ③


21. ④ 22. ③ 23. ④ 24. ④ 25. ② 26. ④ 27. ④ 28. ① 29. ① 30. ③


31. ① 32. ⑤ 33. ① 34. ④ 35. ① 36. ③ 37. ③ 38. ① 39. ② 40. ⑤


41. ③ 42. ④ 43. ② 44. ① 45. ① 46. ② 47. ① 48. ② 49. ① 50. ②


51. ② 52. ④ 53. ② 54. ② 55. ③ 56. ① 57. ② 58. ① 59. ③ 60. ③


61. ④ 62. ④ 63. ③ 64. ② 65. ③ 66. ③ 67. ① 68. ④ 69. ④ 70. ④


71. ④ 72. ③ 73. ① 74. ④ 75. ② 76. ④ 77. ④ 78. ② 79. ④ 80. ④


81. ⑤ 82. ⑤ 83. ② 84. ① 85. ⑤ 86. ⑤ 87. ② 88. ② 89. ② 90. ⑤


91. ① 92. ② 93. ① 94. ③ 95. ② 96. ③ 97. ③ 98. ① 99. ④ 100. ②


101. ① 102. ③ 103. ④ 104. ② 105. ③ 106. ③ 107. ② 108. ⑤ 109. ④ 110. ⑤


111. ⑤ 112. ② 113. ⑤ 114. ② 115. ⑤ 116. ⑤ 117. ⑤ 118. ④ 119. ③ 120. ⑤


121. ① 122. ③ 123. ① 124. ④ 125. ④ 126. ③ 127. ⑤ 128. ③ 129. ③ 130. ①


131. ⑤ 132. ① 133. ② 134. ③ 135. ② 136. ① 137. ③ 138. ① 139. ③ 140. ⑤


141. ④ 142. ① 143. ⑤ 144. ④ 145. ② 146. ④ 147. ⑤ 148. ⑤ 149. ③ 150. ⑤


151. ③ 152. ③ 153. ② 154. ② 155. ④ 156. ③ 157. ① 158. ② 159. ③ 160. ④


161. ③ 162. ④ 163. ① 164. ① 165. ② 166. ⑤ 167. ② 168. ① 169. ⑤ 170. ⑤


171. ① 172. ④ 173. ⑤ 174. ② 175. ③ 

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20ss2 | Since 2005 임희재 | 블루티쳐학원 | 01033383436 | 200710 22:53:52

 

순서배열

 

1. 20영독 1-1

 

It will never be possible to establish the origins of human music with any certainty; however, it seems probable that music developed from the prosodic exchanges between mother and infant which foster the bond between them.


(A) It has continued to be used as an accompaniment to collective activities; as an adjunct to social ceremonies and public occasions. 2

(B) Today, we are so accustomed to considering the response of the individual to music that we are liable to forget that, for most of its history, music has been predominantly a group activity. Music began by serving communal purposes, of which religious ritual and warfare are two examples.1

(C) From this, it became a form of communication between adult human beings. As the capacity for speech and conceptual thought developed, music became less important as a way of conveying information, but retained its significance as a way of communicating feelings and cementing bonds between individuals, especially in group situations. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


2. 20영독 1-2

 

As much as we want to believe that students learn everything we try to teach, we must admit that we aren't perfect as teachers.


(A) But for teachers who are able to accept their potential fallibility, the disappointment about the results translates into clearly identified areas for improvement. As odd as this may sound, when you suspect that you have the potential to enhance your teaching, assessment results can help clear up any confusion about where you might begin to make changes. 2

(B) In fact, recognizing our fallibility is said to be one characteristic that separates great teachers of diverse students from those teachers who are just adequate. Recognizing that you can make mistakes as a teacher and constantly strive to recover from those failings is significant. 0

(C) If you use preconcept and postconcept mapping exercises with your students and you discover that some of the gaps appearing at the beginning persisted until the end, then you have a couple of ways of responding. One thought that too many teachers invoke is that the kids were lazy and didn't care. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


3. 20영독 1-3

 

Vocabulary knowledge extends beyond the local meaning of a sentence or paragraph; it provides insight into how the text works more broadly.


(A) Their, not the. One word subtly shifts the meaning to acknowledge the existence of more than one belief system. Seemingly small word choices can profoundly affect the analysis and interpretation of a reading. 2

(B) The craft and structure of a text is understood in part by being mindful of the choices the writer makes in word selection. Students are challenged to view the text as a whole in order to understand the perspectives of the writer, as in a historical document, or the concepts related in a scientific article or technical reading. 0

(C) Writers establish mood and tone by the artful selection of words and phrases and link them to rhetorical purposes, especially in history. For instance, consider the use of the word their in the first sentence of the Declaration of Independence: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed, by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness." 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


4. 20영독 1-4

 

Ethics itself is not primarily concerned with the description of the moral systems of different societies.


(A) Words such as good and bad just mean, it is claimed, "approved in my society" or "disapproved in my society," and so to search for an objective, or rationally justifiable, ethics is to search for what is, in fact, an illusion. 2

(B) That task, which remains on the level of description, is one for anthropology or sociology. In contrast, ethics deals with the justification of moral principles (or with the impossibility of such a justification). 0

(C) Nevertheless, ethics must take note of the variations in moral systems, because it has often been claimed that this variety shows that morality is simply a matter of what is customary and that it thus is always relative to particular societies. According to this view, no moral principle can be valid except in the societies in which it is held. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


5. 20영독 1-5

 

The destructiveness of idealized social media presentation is twofold.


(A) In one study, some college students had to pretend to understand made-up words (e.g., besionary) to complete a test, while others did not. Afterward, both groups were praised for their performance. 1

(B) The praise raised the self-esteem of those who did not have to fake understanding of nonwords, but lowered the self-esteem of the students who pretended to understand them. In other words, when people portray their life as better than it actually is on social media, all of the "likes" they get for their status updates and pictures may actually make them feel worse about themselves. 2

(C) When people read the glowing status updates of others, they are likely to feel worse about their own flawed lives, especially if they are the type of people who tend to judge their self-worth in comparison to others. In addition, when people put forth a version of themselves that is not genuine, they can actually feel bad about themselves. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


6. 20영독 1-6

 

A quality of the human brain is known as induction, how something positive generates a contrasting negative image in our mind.


(A) This is most obvious in our visual system. When we see some color — red or black, for instance — it tends to intensify our perception of the opposite color around us, in this case, green or white. As we look at the red object, we often can see a green halo forming around it. In general, the mind operates by contrasts. 0

(B) Every no sparks a corresponding yes. We cannot control this vacillation in the mind between contrasts. This predisposes us to think about and then desire exactly what we do not have. 2

(C) We are able to formulate concepts about something by becoming aware of its opposite. The brain is continually dredging up these contrasts. What this means is that whenever we see or imagine something, our minds cannot help but see or imagine the opposite. If we are forbidden by our culture to think a particular thought or entertain a particular desire, that taboo instantly brings to mind the very thing we are forbidden. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


7. 20영독 1-7

 

The bottlenose dolphin is second only to humans in the ratio of brain size to body size, and dolphins apparently outdo humans in some cooperative games.


(A) Dolphins face similar dilemmas. When eating from a school of fish, dolphins encircle the fish and take turns eating, one dolphin at a time. There is an incentive for the circling dolphins to cheat by eating while on duty. 1

(B) However, if a significant number of dolphins followed that incentive, the fish would disperse and the benefits from coordination would be lost. In reality, the trustworthiness of on-duty dolphins prevails to benefit all of dolphin society. 2

(C) The discussions of cartels and the prisoner's dilemma convey the value and difficulty of cooperation among players when there is an incentive to cheat. Individual cartel members undermine cooperative strategies by selling more than they should, hoping nobody will notice. Firms that can't cooperate on pricing or environmental strategies end up taking actions with inferior outcomes. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


8. 20영독 1-8

 

As my colleague Richard Gregory has argued, illusions like the missing-square pattern reveal that the mind is not lazy.


(A) You can't stop yourself because your mind has evolved to organize and see structure. The ease with which we see faces in particular has led to the idea that we are inclined to see supernatural characters at the drop of a hat. Each year some bagel, muffin, burnt toast, potato chip, or even ultrasound of a fetus showing the face of some deity is paraded as evidence for divine miracles. 2

(B) Some beans would instantly cluster together into groups as you simply looked at the array. Have you ever watched the clouds on a summer's day turn into faces and animals? 1

(C) Our minds are actively trying to make sense of the world by thinking of the best explanation. For example, if someone took a handful of coffee beans and scattered them across a table in front of you, you would immediately see patterns. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


9. 20영독 1-9

 

As the ancient skeptics taught, contentment is possible without the need to cling to comforting beliefs.


(A) As proof, we have the example of David Hume, who lived an entirely admirable life without any belief in the supernatural. His personal example shows that nobody need feel gloomy because life has no ultimate purpose, or because conventional conceptions of moral responsibility are built on foundations of sand. 0

(B) In discarding the metaphysical baggage with which the human race bolstered its youthful sense of self-importance, Hume taught us that we throw away nothing but a set of intellectual chains. 2

(C) So what if our fine feelings and intellectual achievements are just the stretching and turning of so many springs or wheels, or our value systems are mirrored by those of chimpanzees and baboons. Our feelings are no less fine, and our values no less precious because the stories we have traditionally told ourselves about why we hold them turn out to be fables. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


10. 20영독 1-10

 

The history of science and human invention is full of examples of important advances resulting from synthesizing previously fragmented ideas.


(A) When he spoke to the membrane, the other end of the stick would trace a record of his voice sounds on a piece of smoked glass. In 1874 a Scotsman from Canada, working in Cambridge, Massachusetts, put these scattered and diverse elements into one instrument. The instrument was the telephone and the man was Alexander Graham Bell. 2

(B) One such process began in 1820 when a Dane, H. C. Oersted, discovered that a wire carrying an electric current was surrounded by a magnetic field. In 1825 an Englishman, W. Sturgeon, wound a live wire around an iron bar and created an electromagnet. 0

(C) In 1859 a German pianist and scientist, H. von Helmholtz, discovered he could make piano strings vibrate by singing to them. Later a Frenchman, L. Scott, attached a thin stick to a membrane. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


11. 20영독 1-11

 

There have been vigorous arguments among biologists about whether complicated goal-directed behaviour among higher mammals is reliable evidence for their consciousness.


(A) At the other end of the animal kingdom octopuses and squid have entirely different brain anatomies from ourselves and our common ancestor probably had no brains at all. Nevertheless they are capable of learning and memorizing facts for months. If they are to be included in the realm of conscious beings, this indicates that consciousness does not depend upon a particular type of brain anatomy. 2

(B) Indeed the admission of consciousness into animal research is quite a recent phenomenon. Injury-avoidance behaviour is often based on reflexes, and it is not completely obvious that the inner sensation of pain must be attached to it. 0

(C) Even in our own case pain is often felt only after the limb has been moved away. Again, many birds build sophisticated nests entirely instinctively, and may or may not be conscious of what they are doing. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


12. 20영독 1-12

 

The cultural area is where the sky is truly the limit in regard to music.


(A) There are countless examples. Music is a wonderful avenue to introduce cultures from around the world. 0

(B) It is important to include an equitable balance of multicultural materials in the classroom to ensure that each child's heritage is represented and all children are exposed to the heritage of other cultures. Today the holistic classroom method draws and builds upon what the child already knows, engaging the child ― since one learns best when passion and interaction are at play ― and also addressing the needs of the whole child. Learning begins with the "whole," progresses through to analysis of the parts, and finishes full circle with the "whole" picture. 2

(C) The many recordings depicting the traditional music of each culture are readily available for teachers to add to their collection. Also, musical recordings of the various instruments from countries around the world provide children with an auditory and visual representation of culture. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


13. 20영독 2-1

 

Your comfort zone is like an invisible barrier around you, inside which if you stay, you feel comfortable.


(A) If you step outside your comfort zone, and do something you are fearful or nervous about doing, then your comfort zone expands and your confidence increases. Try something new to expand your comfort zone and increase your confidence. Trying something new reduces your limitations and you'll live your life with fewer barriers. 2

(B) However, your comfort zone is not fixed. If you constantly stay within your comfort zone it shrinks, filling you with fear of what is outside it, and then your confidence reduces. 1

(C) Your comfort zone and your confidence are linked together. Step outside it and you feel uncomfortable and fearful. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


14. 20영독 2-2

 

Given our unique life-scripted beliefs about how things should be: our expectations ― differences in preferences, attitudes, and beliefs are inevitable, and not all of them need to be resolved.


(A) Many, in fact, add the spice to relationships. But sometimes you cannot just agree to disagree. Some issues impact each of you and perhaps others (your children or coworkers) in ways that require a clear, unambiguous resolution. 0

(B) For example, you can't practically visit your mother in Florida and your father in Connecticut on Thanksgiving Day. So coping with conflicts as we traverse the ups and downs of daily life is not just a useful tool; it is absolutely necessary for the kinds of successful relationships and outcomes we most desire. 2

(C) You and your partner may need to decide where you will live and whether to rent or purchase a home. A decision must be made, or you may find yourselves living in the backseat of your car. Often you can't have things both ways, so a choice must be made. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


15. 20영독 2-3

 

The personal computer has done more to alter work methods and procedures than any other innovation of the past several decades.


(A) Unfortunately, the computers ― and tablets and smart phones and other electronic devices ― have also opened wide a door to a variety of time-wasting personal uses including games and nonbusiness e-mail (personal correspondence, jokes, inspirational messages, anecdotes, etc.). 1

(B) Computers have replaced typewriters and other office machines almost completely, and they have dramatically changed the way many jobs are performed. 0

(C) It is not unreasonable to conclude that much of the efficiency gained through the use of such devices is cancelled out by their misuse. The personal computer may well be the most useful and versatile tool ever to come into common organizational use, but by many who spend hours at keyboard and screen the computer is treated more as a toy than a tool. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


16. 20영독 2-4

 

In the circumstances of entertainment and aesthetic engagement, overt manifestations of the perception-action cycle are often blocked or transformed.


(A) The interruption or suspension of the perception-action cycle that characterizes some forms of aesthetic engagement is, of course, culturally specific; it is at its most extreme in some of the "high" art forms of the West and in circumstances in which formal ceremony and aesthetics interact. 2

(B) Watching films and television, looking at paintings or sculptures in a gallery, and listening to music in a concert hall deliberately place perceivers in a relationship with the objects of perception that prevents them from acting upon or exploring those objects in an unhindered fashion. 0

(C) Many of the reactions that people have to these special circumstances (reaching out to touch a sculpture; foot- and finger-tapping in response to music) are a residue of the more usual relationship between perception and action, as are the specific conventions that regulate these reactions ("Please do not touch" signs at exhibitions, socially enforced silence and immobility at concerts, applause at regulated moments). 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


17. 20영독 2-5

 

People from more individualistic cultural contexts tend to be motivated to maintain self-focused agency or control as these serve as the basis of one's self-worth.


(A) However, people from more interdependent cultural contexts tend to be less focused on issues of individual success and agency and more motivated towards group goals and harmony. Research has shown that East Asians prefer to receive, but not seek, more social support rather than seek personal control in certain cases. 1

(B) With this form of agency comes the belief that individual successes depend primarily on one's own abilities and actions, and thus, whether by influencing the environment or trying to accept one's circumstances, the use of control ultimately centers on the individual. The independent self may be more driven to cope by appealing to a sense of agency or control. 0

(C) Therefore, people who hold a more interdependent self-construal may prefer to cope in a way that promotes harmony in relationships. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


18. 20영독 2-6

 

Severe depression is not something people can pull themselves out of any more than they can pull themselves out of congestive heart failure, kidney disease, or gallstones.


(A) In my experience, once older adults understand that depression is a disease of the brain, and not something they have control over, they become more open to considering treatment. It's not that they can't handle their problems any longer; rather, their brain has let them down. I often say to my patients, "It's not you; it's your brain." 2

(B) When patients with congestive heart failure develop difficulty breathing, they are usually grateful for treatment that relieves their distress. They rarely believe they can handle such illnesses themselves because they have no sense of being in control over the workings of their heart. 0

(C) We also do not sense our brains at work, but we feel in control of our minds. This sense of being in control of our minds allows those with depression to believe they can pull themselves out of the severe depression. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


19. 20영독 2-7

 

In the process of selling your property, you may hear the phrase "real property" and "personal property."


(A) If a refrigerator is somehow permanently attached to the home (such as a built-in model), it is real property and stays. When selling a property, it is assumed that you are selling all real property. Ripping things like banisters, fireplaces, etc. 1

(B) Real property is fixed and attached; personal property is usually mobile and unattached. Where this is likely to come up is in regard to items within your property. Most refrigerators that can roll out, be unplugged, and taken with you, are considered personal property. 0

(C) off their moorings and taking them with you is not only boorish behavior, it would most likely be a violation of your sales contract. Even if it is possible to remove them, the buyer is assuming all real property to be his. Granted, anything is negotiable, but if I was a buyer and I allowed you to do such a thing at all (which I most likely wouldn't), I would demand significant financial consideration off the previously negotiated sales price, so much so that you would most likely say, "Forget it." As the buyer, I don't need you trashing the property as you leave. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


20. 20영독 2-8

 

Much prosocial behavior is stimulated by others, such as when someone acts more properly because other people are watching.


(A) Participants in a study by Kay L. Satow sat alone in a room and followed tape-recorded instructions. Half believed that they were being observed via a one-way mirror (public condition), whereas others believed that no one was watching (private condition). At the end of the study, the tape-recorded instructions invited the participant to make a donation by leaving some change in the jar on the table. 1

(B) Dogs will stay off the furniture and out of the trash when their owners are present, but they casually break those rules when alone. Humans may have more of a conscience, but they also still respond to the presence or absence of others. Public circumstances generally promote prosocial behavior. 0

(C) The results showed that donations were seven times higher in the public condition than in the private condition. Apparently, one important reason for generous helping is to make (or sustain) a good impression on the people who are watching. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


21. 20영독 2-9

 

Say you're driving down the interstate at sixty-five miles an hour with three friends from out of town, and you suddenly say to them, "Hey, there's that amazing Pink House!"


(A) What happens? Probably there's a lot of sudden head swiveling, and someone's elbow ends up in someone else's ribs, and maybe one of your friends gets a glimpse, but probably nobody really gets a chance to see it (and somebody might not believe you if she didn't see it for herself!). 0

(B) Writers need to advise their readers in a similar way. That advice doesn't always need to be in a thesis statement or a topic sentence, but it does need to happen regularly so that readers don't miss something crucial. 2

(C) What if you had said instead, "Hey, coming up on the right here in about two miles, there's an amazing huge neon Pink House: watch for it"? They'd be ready, they'd know where to look and what to look for, and they'd see what you wanted them to see. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


22. 20영독 2-10

 

So far as diet is concerned, I belong to no school; I have learned something from each one, and what I have learned from a trial of them all is to be shy of extreme statements and of hard and fast rules.


(A) We cannot live without asserting our right to subject the lower forms of life to our purposes; we kill innumerable germs when we swallow a glass of grape juice, or for that matter a glass of plain water. 1

(B) I shall be much surprised if the advance of science does not some day prove to us that there are basic forms of consciousness in all vegetable life; so we shall justify the argument of Mr. Dooley, who said, in reviewing "The Jungle," that he could not see how it was any less a crime to cut off a young tomato in its prime or to murder a whole cradleful of baby peas in the pod! 2

(C) To my vegetarian friends who argue that it is morally wrong to take sentient life, I answer that they cannot go for a walk in the country without committing that offense, for they walk on innumerable bugs and worms. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


23. 20영독 2-11

 

Indeed, one of the most problematic aspects of global warming from the point of view of social policy stems from the fact that the phenomenon has so far manifested itself very unevenly around the world.


(A) Some places have had little warming in the past century, and some have even experienced cooling. "For extensive regions of the Earth, the warming of the past 80 years has deviated strongly from the global average," notes climate expert Ken Hare. 0

(B) "If you're considering political action, you have to remember that you're asking a considerable number of people in the world to take on faith that this is a truly global effect," he said. 2

(C) "This fact raises major difficulties for political action: in many countries, future temperatures will differ strongly from the global norm and global warming will seem like a fiction to local politicians." He points out, for example, that the lack of a strong warming trend in the United States accounted in part for the reluctance of the U.S. government to support the 1992 international convention on climate change. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


24. 20영독 2-12

 

In the fifth century BCE, the Greek philosopher Protagoras pronounced, "Man is the measure of all things."


(A) Such an assumption makes us overlook a lot. Abilities said to "make us human" 一 empathy, communication, grief, toolmaking, and so on — all exist to varying degrees among other minds sharing the world with us. 1

(B) In other words, we feel entitled to ask the world, "What good are you?" We assume that we are the world's standard, that all things should be compared to us. 0

(C) Animals with backbones (fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals) all share the same basic skeleton, organs, nervous systems, hormones, and behaviors. Just as different models of automobiles each have an engine, drive train, four wheels, doors, and seats, we differ mainly in terms of our outside contours and a few internal tweaks. But like naive car buyers, most people see only animals' varied exteriors. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


25. 20영독 3-1

 

If you find it difficult to stay wise-minded when your teen is rude, it's no surprise.


(A) Teens want to discharge the garbage of their day onto someone who will take it and love them anyway, sticking with them through thick and thin. If it becomes evident that everything you say is "wrong" (even though you know you're right), you can stop the merry-go-round whenever you like by simply withdrawing. Don't walk out with an angry refrain like "Well, I was just trying to be nice, and look at how you treat me!" 1

(B) Instead, say something humble (and accurate), such as, "I can see that you aren't in the mood for chatting. Oh, well, maybe later." Unless their nastiness is persistent, assume that the interaction is more about an opportunity for dumping the garbage than a reflection of your overall relationship. 2

(C) The deck is stacked against you because of several inescapable facts of normal teenage behavior. For one thing, teens often try to pick a fight. That's because, in the chaos and uncertainty of adolescence, parents are a secure base ― sort of like the eye of a storm. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


26. 20영독 3-2

 

If I say to you, 'Don't think of a white bear', you will find it difficult not to think of a white bear.


(A) This dual-process system involves, first, an intentional operating process, which consciously attempts. to locate thoughts unrelated to the suppressed ones. Second, and simultaneously, an unconscious monitoring process tests whether the operating system is functioning effectively. 1

(B) If the monitoring system encounters thoughts inconsistent with the intended ones, it prompts the intentional operating process to ensure that these are replaced by appropriate thoughts. However, it is argued, the intentional operating system can fail due to increased cognitive load caused by fatigue, stress and emotional factors, and so the monitoring process filters the inappropriate thoughts into consciousness, making them highly accessible. 2

(C) In this way, thought suppression can actually increase the thoughts one wishes to suppress instead of calming them. One common example of this is that people on a diet who try not to think about food often begin to think much more about food. This ironic effect seems to be caused by the interplay of two related cognitive processes. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


27. 20영독 3-3

 

A trait can be said to be adaptive if it is maintained in a population by selection.


(A) We can put the matter more precisely by saying that another trait is nonadaptive, or "abnormal," if it reduces the fitness of individuals that consistently manifest it under environmental circumstances that are usual for the species. In other words, deviant responses in abnormal environments may not be nonadaptive 一 they may simply reflect flexibility in a response that is quite adaptive in the environments ordinarily encountered by the species. 0

(B) In Americans of African descent, it is nonadaptive, for the simple reason that its bearers are no longer confronted by malaria. 2

(C) A trait can be switched from an adaptive to a nonadaptive status by a simple change in the environment. For example, the sickle-cell trait of human beings, determined by the heterozygous state of a single gene, is adaptive under living conditions in Africa, where it confers some degree of resistance to falciparum malaria. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


28. 20영독 3-4

 

The philosopher Nelson Goodman argued that we should replace the question "What is art?"


(A) We could get the same information from a set of numbers. But if this same line is part of a drawing (say, the outline of a mountain), all of the line's physical properties are suddenly important and part of what the artist wants us to attend to — its color, texture, edges, thickness, among other things. And we cannot translate this experience into a set of numbers. 2

(B) For example, an object functioning as art is relatively replete (full), meaning that more of its physical properties are part of its meaning and should be attended to than when that same object is not functioning as a work of art. Goodman asks us to consider a zigzag line. Told that the line is a stock market graph, all we attend to are the peaks and dips. 1

(C) with the question "When is 띠t?" The same object can function as a work of art or not, depending on how the object is viewed. When an object functions as art, it exhibits certain "symptoms" of the aesthetic. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


29. 20영독 3-5

 

Because of the perceptual frames users of computer software and websites have, they often click buttons or links without looking carefully at them.


(A) Even after unintentionally going backward a few times, they might continue to perceive the buttons in their standard locations. This is why consistent placement of controls is a common user-interface guideline, to ensure that reality matches the user's frame for the situation. 2

(B) For example, if the positions of the "Next" and "Back" buttons on the last page of a multistep dialog box switched, many people would not immediately notice the switch. Their visual system would have been lulled into inattention by the consistent placement of the buttons on the prior several pages. 1

(C) Their perception of the display is based more on what their frame for the situation leads them to expect than on what is actually on the screen. This sometimes confounds software designers, who expect users to see what is on the screen — but that isn't how human vision works. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


30. 20영독 3-6

 

In 1979, Christopher Connolly cofounded a psychology consultancy in the United Kingdom to help high achievers perform at their best.


(A) They employed what Hogarth called a "circuit breaker." They drew on outside experiences and analogies to interrupt their inclination toward a previous solution that may no longer work. Their skill was in avoiding the same old patterns. 2

(B) They "traveled on an eight-lane highway," he wrote, rather than down a single-lane one-way street. They had range. The successful adapters were excellent at taking knowledge from one pursuit and applying it creatively to another, and at avoiding cognitive entrenchment. 1

(C) Over the years, Connolly became curious about why some professionals floundered outside a narrow expertise, while others were remarkably adept at expanding their careers ― moving from playing in a world-class orchestra, for example, to running one. Thirty years after he started, Connolly returned to school to do a PhD investigating that very question. Connolly's primary finding was that early in their careers, those who later made successful transitions had broader training and kept multiple "career streams" open even as they pursued a primary specialty. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


31. 20영독 3-7

 

In a recent discussion of human rights in social work and human services practices, a researcher argues that the risk of strongly held primary values is that they can easily become an inflexible form of universalism, in which a single view of what it is to be human can become imposed by those with power (whether political, economic, professional, academic or cultural).


(A) This requires that practitioners rethink their understanding of community, in which there is a balance between what unites people and the many differences between them. 2

(B) The answer, for the researcher, is to seek a 'shared humanity', in which all members of a community are able to play active roles in the construction of what humanity means, and allows for these definitions to differ and to overlap without having to be identical. 1

(C) This can lead to an ironic situation in which human rights become associated with totalitarian ways of imposing particular ideals, through asserting that what it is to be human has to take one particular form. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


32. 20영독 3-8

 

When biologists consider complex human activities such as the arts, they tend to assume that their compelling qualities are derivations of basic drives.


(A) If any given activity can be seen to aid survival or facilitate adaptation to the environment, or to be derived from behaviour which does so, it 'makes sense' in biological terms. For example, the art of painting may originate from the human need to comprehend the external world through vision; an achievement which makes it possible to act upon the environment or influence it in ways which promote survival. 0

(B) It enables the draughtsman to study an object in its absence, to experiment with various images of it, and thus, at least in fantasy, to exert power over it. 2

(C) The Paleolithic artists who drew and painted animals on the walls of their caves were using their artistic skills for practical reasons. Drawing is a form of abstraction which may be compared with the formation of verbal concepts. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


33. 20영독 3-9

 

Self-awareness, or reflective thought, is the main attribute distinguishing humans from animals.


(A) In consequence, it is denied access to a whole domain of reality in which mankind can move freely. Systems of physics, philosophy, mathematics, and astronomy, for example, have all been constructed because of man's unique ability to reflect inwardly. 2

(B) It is the consciousness that enables us to contemplate ourselves. Reflection is the power to turn one's consciousness upon oneself, to know oneself and, especially, to know that one knows. 0

(C) Humans are the only creation in the universe who can be the object of their own reflection and, because of that, another world is born: an inner world, a reality in which no lower animal can ever participate. Incapable of contemplating itself, or of being aware of itself as the conscious subject, not even a higher type of animal, such as a dog or cat that knows who its master is and where its food is, can know that it knows. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


34. 20영독 3-10

 

I understand it is not likely you are going to tell an interviewer about all of your job search activities or provide a status report, no, clearly it's none of their business.


(A) There is no need to, and I suggest you should not, share the name or details of the other company; just making them aware of your status is enough. I would, however, caution you that if it isn't true, don't fake it. 2

(B) However, there is nothing wrong with being honest to a limited degree, if you are reaching a critical stage with another company with whom you are also interviewing. Reasonably speaking, most of us are pursuing more than one job at a time. 0

(C) It's not a mistake to say to a hiring official, "I appreciate the opportunity for this interview, I am interested in this job and your company, but I think it is fair to tell you I am also talking to some other companies, and one of them has invited me to a final interview." Yes, this can be considered a take-away close, but it is simply the truth. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


35. 20영독 3-11

 

The fact that emotions are unlearned, automated, and set by the genome always raises the specter of genetic determinism.


(A) There are things that you fear that I do not, and vice versa; things you love and I do not, and vice versa; and many, many things that we both fear and love. In other words, emotional responses are considerably customized relative to the causative stimulus. In this regard, we are quite alike but not entirely. 2

(B) Is there nothing personal and educable about one's emotions? The answer is that there is plenty. 0

(C) The essential mechanism of the emotions in a normal brain is indeed quite similar across individuals, and a good thing too because it provides humanity, in diverse cultures, with a common ground of fundamental preferences on the matters of pain and pleasure. But while the mechanisms are distinctly similar, the circumstances in which certain stimuli have become emotionally competent for you are unlikely to be the same as for me. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


36. 20영독 3-12

 

One of the most widespread, sadly mistaken, environmental myths is that living "close to nature" out in the country or in a leafy suburb is the best "green" lifestyle.


(A) The pattern of life in the country and most suburbs involves long hours in the automobile each week, burning fuel and spewing exhaust to get to work, buy groceries, and take kids to school and activities. City dwellers, on the other hand, have the option of walking or taking transit to work, shops, and school. 1

(B) The larger yards and houses found outside cities also extract an environmental toll in terms of energy use, water use, and land use. It's clear that the future of the Earth depends on more people gathering together in compact communities. 2

(C) Cities, on the other hand, are often blamed as a major cause of ecological destruction — artificial, crowded places that suck up precious resources. Yet, when you look at the facts, nothing could be farther from the truth. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


37. 20영독 4-1

 

Opera is conventional.


(A) We understand how each genre works, and we know that not every murder has six suspects who can be gathered in one room in the last chapter by a brilliant detective. Yet we gladly accept the unreality of the situation because of the pleasure it provides us. 2

(B) We like conventions, provided that we understand, accept, and desire them. Conventions are simply the result of participants ' agreeing on the rules, of simplifying a complex world so that we can concentrate on what interests us. We are accustomed, for example, to detective novels, television situation comedies, and western movies. 1

(C) Nobody sings all the time in the real world. Nobody has an orchestra that begins to play whenever he feels emotional. Conventions are of course necessary in the theater, and even more so in opera. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


38. 20영독 4-2

 

One great danger of intellectual property lies in the threat to liberty.


(A) But we all have an interest in seeing public research programmes into diseases and health being carried out. We want, for example, public researchers to continue working on the genes for breast and ovarian cancer and helping to develop cheaper, more effective clinical tests. 1

(B) When a group of scientists stop working on a protein molecule because there are too many intellectual property rights that surround the use of the molecule, a basic freedom, the freedom to research, has been interfered with. The liberty cost of intellectual property rights may seem remote because most of us do not carry out research on proteins. 0

(C) We do not want them obstructed by announcements like the following: 'This important patent solidifies Myriad's dominant proprietary position on the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes' (the genes linked to breast and ovarian cancer). Companies are entitled to protect their treatments for disease but not, through use of their patents, to prevent others from access to genes which are linked to the origins of disease. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


39. 20영독 4-3

 

Too much choice is overwhelming for many people and results in consumers who are less satisfied with the shopping experience, which ultimately hurts retail profitability.


(A) Consider, for example, a consumer who wants a product to relieve her cold symptoms. First, she has to decide where to shop for such a product. 0

(B) Even within a particular brand, she can choose products that vary in when they should be taken, how they can be taken, and what symptoms they treat. Ironically, all this is enough to make a healthy person ill. 2

(C) Over-the-counter pharmaceuticals are now commonly available in a variety of locations ranging from hotel gift shops and convenience stores to drug and grocery stores. Once she has chosen a store and is standing in front of the shelf, the consumer faces a dizzying array of products from a variety of brands with a broad spectrum of ingredients. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


40. 20영독 4-4

 

In today's business environment, firms may face competition from companies located in their own home market as well as from those based halfway around the world.


(A) It should be noted that whether or not a firm elects_ to operate internationally, it is still vulnerable to changes taking place in the global marketplace. 2

(B) One need look no further than the sovereign debt crisis in Europe that began to unfold in 2009 or the sub-prime mortgage crisis in the USA, to appreciate the impact of such events on economic growth, consumer spending and prosperity. Economic and political events taking place around the world may have a profound effect on a company's prospects for survival and growth. 1

(C) Also, customer trends which take root in one country may quickly spread to other parts of the world, creating either new marketing opportunities or potential threats to a firm's established products and business models. In addition, political and economic crises in one region may have important implications for consumer and business confidence around the world. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


41. 20영독 4-5

 

Clarity is often a difficult thing for a leader to obtain.


(A) And the merits of a leader's most important decisions, by their nature, typically are not clear-cut. Instead, those decisions involve "a process of assigning weights to competing interests, and then determining, based upon some criterion, which one predominates. The result is one of judgment, of shades of gray; like saying that Beethoven is a better composer than Brahms." 2

(B) Concerns of the present tend to loom larger than potentially greater concerns that lie farther away. Some decisions by their nature present great complexity, whose many variables must align a certain way for the leader to succeed. 0

(C) Compounding the difficulty is what ergonomists call information overload, where a leader is overrun with inputs — via e-mails, meetings, and phone calls — that only distract and clutter his thinking. Alternatively, the leader's information might be only fragmentary, which might cause her to fill in the gaps with assumptions — sometimes without recognizing them as such. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


42. 20영독 4-6

 

Many women find their inner critic speaks up most loudly around their most deeply felt dreams for their lives and work, because they feel particularly vulnerable about them.


(A) As long as you don't venture forth out of that zone, the inner critic can leave you alone ― like a guard taking a nap. Yet when you approach the edge of your comfort zone, test old beliefs, contemplate change, or stretch into playing bigger, you wake the sleeping guard. 1

(B) They experience the most panicky, overwhelming self-doubt when they are moving toward what they truly long to do. The inner critic is like a guard at the edge of your comfort zone. 0

(C) The inner critic recites its lines in an attempt to get you to go back into the familiar zone of the status quo. Many women find that the more strongly the inner critic shows up, the louder and meaner and more hysterical its voice, the closer they are to a breakthrough or the more likely they are to be on the edge of taking a very important step. In this sense, when you hear a major inner critic attack, it likely means you are playing bigger. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


43. 20영독 4-7

 

Researchers of the Earth's system have been focused, appropriately, on developing a better understanding of the vast and interconnected processes that create our environment, and they have made a great deal of progress since the publication of A Sand County Almanac, a 1949 non-fiction book by Aldo Leopold.


(A) Although there are many problems left to solve, knowledge about planetary life-support systems has progressed far more rapidly than society's willingness to use this knowledge. The biggest challenge facing humanity is that our political, social, and economic systems are shortsighted. 0

(B) This is what "thinking like a mountain" should come to mean in the Anthropocene. If we succeed in transforming our culture, residents of the later Anthropocene will look back on the early twenty-first century as a time of human enlightenment, when people learned to truly think like mountains by anticipating their long-lasting and complex effects on the world. 2

(C) Long-term planning typically considers years or decades, but the global environmental processes we are now influencing play out over centuries, millennia, or more. We need to instill a sense of geologic time into our culture and our planning, to incorporate truly long-term thinking into social and political decision making. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


44. 20영독 4-8

 

From the early twentieth century through the beginning of the 1970s, the sociological analysis of cultural objects took one of two competing paths, which interestingly shared a core assumption.


(A) The products of mediated culture, whether books, songs, or fashion, were thought to be expressive symbols that changed in lockstep with evolutions in society. For example, in 1919 the anthropologist Alfred Kroeber argued that the hemlines of women's dresses were prescribed through "civilizational determinism"; they were a window into macro-level cultural values and belief systems. 0

(B) While these "nothing-but" arguments quibbled on the direction of the association between culture and the economy, they both assumed that hemline lengths in women's fashion were reflections of outsized societal forces. 2

(C) In turn, by the mid-l920s the economist George Taylor argued that instead the hemlines of dresses go up with rises and go down with declines in the stock market. For Taylor, hemlines were determined by macro-level economic, not cultural, shifts. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


45. 20영독 4-9

 

It is clear that even a single initial encounter with a word can potentially leave a memory trace of its use.


(A) But then no memory trace of the word would be left upon this second encounter. This situation could be repeated ad infinitum without any memory trace of the meaning being retained. 1

(B) Why is this clear? Consider the counterfactual: if no memory trace could exist after a single exposure, then the second time the word was encountered would be exactly the same as the first time. 0

(C) If this were the case, we would be utterly unable to learn any words. Therefore, it must be possible for an initial memory trace to exist in order for it to be strengthened upon subsequent exposure. Fortunately, we know that human brains have a vast capacity for implicit memory, even though memories may not readily be brought to consciousness (they are not always easy to recall or make explicit). 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


46. 20영독 4-10

 

Consider for a moment a fish.


(A) The thought that I am trying to convey to you is that, once you discover who you are and operate in that realm, you will always come out successful. But if you follow the guile of other things that may seem attractive and leave the place of your power, you will never win. Life is about winning, not necessarily about winning against others but winning at being you, and the way to win is to figure out who you are and do it. 2

(B) Fish belong in the water, and when it is in the place where it belongs, it dominates all other things that do not belong there that may try to compete with it. Man is no match for the fish as long as it remains in the water, so in order for us to have any power over the fish, we have to capture it by using tools and many forms of trickery to get it out of the place of its dominance. 0

(C) We understand that man versus fish in the water, fish wins. But if we can succeed in taking it out of the water, the fish will lose every time. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


47. 20영독 4-11

 

For a while, people thought that 10,000 hours of practice was what it took to become an expert at something.


(A) They know what time of day works best for them, when to push on through tiredness or confusion, and when to take a break. A pianist knows that sometimes it helps to play a piece at half speed, to get the fingering exactly right, and sometimes it is worth trying to play it at double speed, mistakes and all, to get a better feel for the flow and cadence of the piece. A footballer is able to suggest to the coach a new way of practicing an attacking maneuver. 2

(B) But now we know that this figure is a gross oversimplification, because the quality of practice matters even more than the quantity. Expert practicers get better faster. 0

(C) They have learned to pick out the difficult parts of what they are trying to do, and work especially hard on those. They make good use of recordings and videos of their own performance. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


48. 20영독 4-12

 

Today companies frequently require of their employees a different level and quality of engagement with the company.


(A) As Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri describe it, we have transitioned from a society in which there are factories to a factory society in which the entire social performs as a factory. 2

(B) In earlier periods, employees were often treated like machines, but their private lives, consisting in their leisure time, passions, and beliefs, remained largely unaffected. Nowadays, employees frequently contribute more than physical labor; they are required to innovate, make decisions, and work effectively as a team. 0

(C) As a result, they no longer leave work when they go home but instead continue at some level nonstop. The fact that workers are being asked to contribute collectively to the production of goods and services has begun to reweave the fabric of the social, from one based in the distinction between public and private spaces to one in which networks of associations and the advantages they may offer to move ahead now function as the organizing force in most daily interactions. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


49. 20영독 5-1

 

If you have become much less active, spending a lot of time alone focused on feeling depressed, think about activities that engage your attention and that require a moderate level of concentration and effort.


(A) But you would not want to choose exceedingly complex, demanding tasks, such as studying for a math exam, because any difficulties you have doing such a task could reinforce negative, self-critical thinking. When you are feeling depressed, a mentally demanding task may become overwhelming, and then you will start ruminating about failing the task (e.g., "Depression is going to ruin me, because I can't even concentrate on this simple math"). 1

(B) Driving, for example, is probably not ideal, because it is such an automatic behavioral sequence for most people that it siphons off only a small amount of attention. Something like strenuous aerobic exercise may be much more effective, because it captures more attention. 0

(C) Thus moderately engaging activities are probably the best distracters for rumination. Take some time to discover the positive activities that are most effective in reducing or eliminating your bouts of rumination. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


50. 20영독 5-2

 

Body water is involved in several functions critical to performance.


(A) An abundant supply of body water, first to transport muscle-generated heat and then to produce the sweat needed for evaporative cooling, is the best insurance against the complications of heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and life-threatening heat stroke. 2

(B) Of most importance to the exercising athlete is the fact that a large amount of heat generated by exercising muscles is transported by water in the blood to the skin, where water is essential for the production of sweat. Body heat is dissipated most efficiently through the evaporation of sweat on exposed skin surfaces. 1

(C) The body's chemical processes that provide the energy for muscle work occur in water. All of the transport functions of oxygen, nutrients, and body wastes are carried on in body water. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


51. 20영독 5-3

 

Sport sends some messages that support socioeconomic inequities.


(A) For example, winning is the most prevalent organizing theme in newspaper stories and telecasts of sporting events. Winning is usually attributed to self-discipline, talent, and hard work. If an athlete or a team doesn't win, then we assume that the player or the team was lazy or lacked talent and so didn't deserve to win. 0

(B) The point here is not that merit is a bad idea. The problem is that this logic often leads us to overlook the societal barriers (e.g., poor nutrition, neighborhood gang violence, poor access to libraries and computers, dysfunctional families, lack of child care) that prevent poor people from developing themselves to the fullest and becoming valuable members of society. 2

(C) Such beliefs underscore the American conception of merit ― we often link hard work and talent to financial success. The flip side is that if someone fails financially, it must be because she or he isn't talented or didn't work hard. This reasoning allows us to hold the belief that the rich and poor both deserve whatever money they have. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


52. 20영독 5-4

 

According to Wikipedia, of the countries that have adopted color television, twenty-nine had done so by 1969.


(A) The addition of color must have been seen as a powerful boost if used wisely. Though, no doubt, early color commercials were likely simply reshot black-and-white spots, creative directors at agencies from New York to London to Paris and beyond must have seen this new technology as an advantage in promoting brands. 1

(B) The vast majority of these were in Europe and North America. The rise in the use of television in the 1950s opened up the creativity of advertising within a more emotional and powerful medium. 0

(C) In many ways, this transition from black and white to color must have been similar to the challenges facing actors when sound was introduced to movies. For advertising agencies in the 1960s, an entire world of new possibilities and requirements put them back to square one: they could either understand how to use color effectively or face losing clients. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


53. 20영독 5-56

 

In the business world, large bureaucratic organizations are sometimes unable to compete against smaller, innovative firms, particularly in industries that are changing quickly.


(A) This situation occurs partly because innovative firms tend to have flatter and more democratic organizational structures. Compare the flat network structure in smaller, innovative firms with the traditional bureaucratic structure in large bureaucratic organizations. Note that the network structure has fewer levels than the traditional bureaucratic structure. Moreover, in the network structure, lines of communication link all units. 0

(B) They began eliminating middle-management positions. They allowed worker participation in a variety of tasks related to their main functions and delegated authority to autonomous teams of a dozen or so workers that were allowed to make many decisions themselves. They formed "quality circles" of workers to monitor and correct defects in products and services. Consequently, product quality, worker morale, and profitability improved. Today, these ideas have spread well beyond the Swedish and Japanese automobile industries and are evident in many large North American companies, both in the manufacturing and in the service sectors. 2

(C) In the traditional bureaucratic structure, information flows only upward. Much evidence suggests that flatter bureaucracies with decentralized decision making and multiple lines of communication produce more satisfied workers, happier clients, and bigger profits. Some of this evidence comes from Sweden and Japan. Beginning in the early 1970s, Volvo and Toyota were at the forefront of bureaucratic innovation in these countries. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


54. 20영독 5-7

 

The lesson of ecology is that, as species of the planet, we are all connected in a web of life.


(A) A Buddhist parable brings to life this rather stark and scientific lesson from ecology. During his meditation, a devotee fantasizes that he is eating a leg of lamb, an act proscribed by Buddhism where strict adherence to vegetarianism is required. 0

(B) A more prosaic way of reaching the same sense of connection is to think about a time when you might have hit an animal or bird when driving your car. The sense of shock and horror that you have destroyed something so precious is the same, no matter how insignificant the animal appears. 2

(C) His spiritual master suggests that when this fantasy comes to him he draws a cross on the leg of lamb. The devotee follows the advice and, on returning to self-consciousness, is amazed to find the cross on his own arm. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


55. 20영독 5-8

 

The distinctions ― between mind and body, and war and peace — appear to have lost credibility altogether, with the result that we now experience conflict intruding into everyday life.


(A) Meanwhile, new forms of violence have emerged, in which states are attacked by non-state groups, interstate conflicts are fought using nonmilitary means (such as cyberwarfare), and the distinction between policing and military intervention becomes blurred. 1

(B) Since the 1990s, rapid advances in neuroscience have elevated the brain over the mind as the main way by which we understand ourselves, demonstrating the importance of emotion and physiology to all decision making. 0

(C) As society has been flooded by digital technology, it has grown harder to specify what belongs to the mind and what to the body, what is peaceful dialogue and what is conflict. In the obscure space between mind and body, between war and peace, lie nervous states: individuals and governments living in a state of constant and heightened alertness, relying increasingly on feeling rather than fact. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


56. 20영독 5-9

 

The obvious problems being caused by economic growth have not been ignored by academics: they were noticed by some in the economics profession, who then attempted to incorporate these concerns into their discipline.


(A) Environmental economists were keen to bring these negative impacts back within the discipline. However, they still approached the subject in a scientific and measurement-based way, for example, using shadow pricing to measure how much people were concerned about noise pollution or the loss of habitat. 1

(B) This led to the development of environmental economics, and also the related study of natural-resource economics. Conventional economics considers environmental impact to be an 'externality', something outside its concern. 0

(C) In other words, the way in which economics traditionally marginalizes or ignores something that cannot be priced was still adhered to, but the response was to attempt to evaluate in some way aspects of life which economics had ignored. Green economists would consider this to be a category error; in other words, they believe it is important to accept that some aspects of life have social or spiritual worth that simply cannot be measured. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


57. 20영독 5-10

 

Until fairly recently, human beings lived in kin bands of usually no more than twenty people, loosely associated into tribes of perhaps a few hundred.


(A) Spend some time alone with a person or small group in silence, and observe whether, after just a few days or even hours, you feel more intimately connected with them than if you'd been talking. The empathy and intuitive understanding of others that develops in such circumstances is amazing. 2

(B) Open to nature and each other, they knew each other more intimately than we can imagine today. Speech may have been superfluous, as it often is between lovers, or between mother and baby. 0

(C) When we know someone that well, we know without asking what they are thinking and feeling. All the more in prelinguistic times, when our empathetic faculties were yet unclouded by the mediatory apparatus of language. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


58. 20영독 5-1112

 

When students in a civilian college are found to be cheating on an examination, it does not make a story in the national media — not even headlines in the local papers and probably not a story in the college newspaper.


(A) In the junior class, 184 students were formally accused of cheating, and 152 of those were expelled. Similar cheating "scandals" at the Naval Academy in Annapolis and at the Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs have also been given the most serious attention. Why is cheating by an officer candidate taken more seriously than cheating by a civilian student at the same educational level? The question almost answers itself. Civilian schools have honor codes, but moral education is usually not a conscious educational goal. 1

(B) The students may have a hearing before a student/faculty disciplinary board, and a penalty may be imposed if the verdict is that the students are guilty. The penalty may be a failure in the course or a brief suspension from the institution; often it is less severe than either of these. The West Point scandal of 1976 made front-page news across the country. Military students were cheating, which violated the honor code. That event, a most serious matter, was followed by student dismissals and lengthy editorial comment. 0

(C) The Military Academy at West Point has a well-known honor code requiring that "a Cadet will not lie, cheat or steal, nor tolerate anyone who does." The experience of living by such a code, we hope, will help produce officers who can be trusted to avoid moral individualism. They will have consciously practiced the reflex of honesty, of consistently doing what they promised to do, regardless of temptation. The thought and temptations of individualism are always in the mind, but we assume that people can be found who consciously adopt another moral style. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


59. 20영독 6-1

 

In the 1990s the Internet became the newest entrant in the baby advice field.


(A) Depending on her location and the post office this entire process might take several weeks. In 2000 she could access the Internet from her home computer at 2:00 a.m. if necessary and find an answer within minutes. Hospitals and pediatricians also embraced the Internet and Web sites written by and directed by them were set up across the country. 2

(B) The Internet meant that the speed of information available to mothers had compressed from weeks and months in the early 1900s to near instantaneous by 2000. In the 1910s a mother with a baby care question that was unanswerable in her immediate surroundings could write to the Children's Bureau and wait for a reply. 1

(C) Major manufacturers of baby equipment as well as the neighbor down the street set up Web sites to help parents care for their babies. Chat rooms brought mothers from all around the country together online to discuss, question, and support each other. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


60. 20영독 6-2

 

We presumably play many games because they are exciting, but will playing a particular game result in a positive or a negative mood?


(A) The higher the stakes, in terms of time investment, public acknowledgment, and personal importance, the higher are the potential losses and rewards. We make very rough estimates of this gamble, factoring in the likelihood of failure along with the time investment required, the audience for our performance, and our personal investment in performing well. 1

(B) We are probably also not very good at doing the calculation — optimists may be unable to believe that failure is a possibility, for example. 2

(C) This is where the fundamental unpredictability of games comes in, since failure will likely result in a worse mood than success will. To play a game is to take an emotional gamble. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


61. 20영독 6-3

 

Just as other living creatures thrive or perish depending on how well they adapt to the environment, so too do humans, although the consequences are not usually so dramatic.


(A) They might induce lower levels of stress (and its related health risks) by shielding individuals from certain jobs that place undue tension on work-life balance. Those who do adapt to the demands of higher education might enter high-stress careers that call for adaptive techniques of their own, such as meditation or effective time-management. 2

(B) For example, students often fail to adapt their attention and work habits to the demands of educational institutions. In the short term, their grades suffer, but the long-term difficulties associated with this maladaptation are no less palpable. 0

(C) They might have trouble adjusting their behaviour once they enter the workforce, which ultimately might deprive them of career advancement and financial remuneration. On the other hand, more relaxed work habits can be adaptable in other ways. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


62. 20영독 6-4

 

Some years ago in the United States, a woman named Linda Kenney nearly died when, prior to an operation, anesthesia was administered to her improperly.


(A) The Kenneys were deeply moved by the doctor's letter, and even more impressed when he came to their home and begged forgiveness. The couple ended up not pursuing a malpractice suit, and instead, in conjunction with the doctor, started a group to help both doctors and families deal with the trauma of medical and surgical errors. 2

(B) Her husband, understandably, wanted to sue the doctor and the hospital. Then the anesthesiologist wrote the couple a note expressing his regrets and grief. He told her, "Whenever you want to speak to me, I will make myself available. 0

(C) Here is my phone number." The Kenneys later learned that the doctor did not inform the hospital or its lawyers of what he was doing. He knew that they would probably have forbidden him to contact the patient, because acknowledging his responsibility so frankly would put him and the hospital at great risk if the patient sued. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


63. 20영독 6-56

 

Because the phrase is so well known, some readers may be surprised to know that Darwin never wrote "survival of the fittest."


(A) A second and related effect was to justify genocide and colonization (the dash to carve up Africa culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884, when Europeans sat around tables and drew lines on maps to delimit "their" possessions, and the "taming" of the American West took place at the same time), and to undermine any suggestion of social welfare for the poor in Europe. That people were not as well off as those (whites) with the most resources was taken as evidence that they were not as "fit," nor deserving. This Social Darwinism helped define as "natural" the hierarchy of races that had been constructed and classified through the discourses of science. 2

(B) In the process, it detoured from Darwin's ideas; Organisms do not consciously "struggle" in this way 一 they do not know if a mutation has taken place that may require millennia to become widespread in their species. They are simply born, live, and die, and pass on whatever was in their genes. This idea of competition grew out of and had more application to the burgeoning industrialization and class divisions that were occurring in Britain than it did to Darwin's idea of natural selection. 1

(C) This term was coined by British philosopher Herbert Spencer (who, incidentally, also first used the term "evolution") in applying Darwin's ideas to topics he himself did not address. The "survival of the fittest" concept had several effects. First, it naturalized competition as part of a "struggle for existence." 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


64. 20영독 6-7

 

Now, back to the essential issue at hand — that of human intellect being dependent upon the application of logical principles.


(A) Even though mathematics is inherently a highly logical discipline, any person who performs brilliantly in language, or any such endeavor, is showing high intelligence, because any such effective use of language, and such reasoning powers, must involve much logical thinking. And, in general, the greater capacity one has for effective application of logical principles (whether in language, mathematics, artistic creations, or whatever), the greater is one's power of intelligence. 1

(B) There is much evidence that the quality that we usually refer to as intelligence (in humans), is closely related to the individual's capacity for logical thought. For example, a great mathematician must be highly intelligent, because his/her successful learning and manipulating of mathematical rules is impossible, apart from much capacity for logical thinking. 0

(C) Therefore, it can be seen that intelligence and logic are closely intertwined. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


65. 20영독 6-8

 

Millions of people around the world suffer a lack of necessary nutrients because of limitations on what will grow in their region.


(A) Millions of people suffer from this problem worldwide because they live in areas where vegetables containing the vitamin will not grow. Since rice will grow in these regions, golden rice could provide at least some of this critical vitamin to the local population. 2

(B) One area that scientists are exploring is genetically modifying vegetables to increase their nutritional value. An example of this is "golden rice." 0

(C) This variety of rice is genetically engineered to produce vitamin A — the vitamin that gives carrots their orange color. A vitamin A deficiency can have serious effects, including blindness and even death. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


66. 20영독 6-9

 

The growing emphasis on 'work readiness' is the subject of much debate.


(A) However, the demand for work-ready graduates, who are familiar with organizational practices in the workplace, is increasing. Employers value work experience believing that exposure to the workplace while studying provides students with the opportunity to acquire valuable insights into how the workplace operates and what is expected of them in different workplace settings. Employers report that work experience improves graduates' soft skills, increases confidence and helps relate their studies to employment, making them more rounded and with more realistic expectations of work. 1

(B) The opportunity to make contacts and create networks for future employment is another advantage. In other words, work experience improves work readiness. 2

(C) Some believe that work and education are qualitatively different social sites. While education provides skills and knowledge useful both in the short and long term, it can only provide broad or generic training for work. Specific training for a particular job can only be undertaken after study. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


67. 20영독 6-10

 

A baby who can't hear would have a stronger need to remain in visual contact with her parents as she begins to roam.


(A) A baby who can't see would benefit from hearing lots of encouraging words and vocalizations, as well as touches and smells. In fact, we often recommend interesting games that enable babies who can't see to locate people and objects by touch and sounds, as well as smells. 1

(B) In that way, they can create a sensory road map of their home even though they can't see. The important sense of space and spatial relationships that we all need to feel secure and to navigate can be formed from many of our senses, and not just our vision. 2

(C) Mom and Dad could make a concerted effort to make their friendly waves or approving smiles especially vivid to their toddler, even at a distance. They could even make a point of coming over to her from time to time and offering a quick hug or peck on the cheek to reassure their toddler that her explorations won't isolate her from them. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


68. 20영독 6-1112

 

Ideation in its many forms is an area today where humans have a comparative advantage over machines.


(A) Scientists come up with new hypotheses. Journalists sniff out a good story. Chefs add a new dish to the menu. Engineers on a factory floor figure out why a machine is no longer working properly. Many of these activities are supported and accelerated by computers, but none are driven by them. Picasso's quote — Computers are useless. 0

(B) Ideation, creativity, and innovation are often described as 'thinking outside the box,' and this characterization indicates another large and reasonably sustainable advantage of human over digital labor. Computers and robots remain lousy at doing anything outside the frame of their programming. Watson, for example, is an amazing Jeopardy! player, but would be defeated by a child at Wheel of Fortune, The Price is Right, or any other TV game show unless it was substantially reprogrammed by its human creators. Watson is not going to get there on its own. 2

(C) They can only give you answers. — is just about half right. Computers are not useless, but they're still machines for generating answers, not posing interesting new questions. That ability still seems to be uniquely human, and still highly valuable. We predict that people who are good at idea creation will continue to have a comparative advantage over digital labor for some time to come, and will find themselves in demand. In other words, we believe that employers now and for some time to come will, when looking for talent, follow the advice attributed to the Enlightenment sage Voltaire: "Judge a man by his questions, not his answers." 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


69. 20영독 7-1

 

Whether or not they allow some contemporary technology to be squeezed in, the reformers fundamentally believe that they can bring back "what once worked."


(A) It is tragic because so much of what we do currently teach, and what so many want to preserve, is now unimportant because the context for education has changed so radically. 1

(B) That belief has tragic ramifications for our students today. 0

(C) In the current environment, every field and job — from factory work to retail to healthcare to hospitality to garbage collection ― is in the process of being transformed dramatically, and often unrecognizably, by technology and other forces. And while most reformers recognize that society is going through dramatic changes (even though few truly "get" their extent, speed, and implications), they too often — and paradoxically 一do not see the need for education to change fundamentally to cope with themselves. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


70. 20영독 7-2

 

Heller and Eisenberg claimed that gene patenting may cause a problem of the "tragedy of the anti-commons" for biomedical research, because a gene patent can be broad enough to cover any commercial use of the gene and the gene product.


(A) This overuse is generally referred to as a "tragedy of the commons," and privatization is often used to solve this problem. 1

(B) When people hold a resource in common, they tend to overuse it because they lack any incentive to conserve the resource. 0

(C) However, when a scarce resource is overprivatized the result can be a "tragedy of the anti-commons," which will result in the under-use of a resource because too many people are excluded from using the resource. Under-use in human gene patents was said to be pervasive, because the high licensing fee limits any further research, especially when most diseases are polygenic, meaning that multiple genes are involved in the manifestation of a disease and several pieces of genetic material are needed to develop a product. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


71. 20영독 7-3

 

The thing about maintaining a lawn is that the very action of cutting encourages grasses to multiply.


(A) If you cut these plants off at the ground, you chop off the meristem, and they have to start the process of producing a shoot all over again. This regrowth can only happen at considerable energy cost to the plant. If you keep doing this, eventually the plant will give up the ghost and die. 1

(B) On the other hand, grasses keep their meristems tucked away at the base of the plant. If you chop off the leaves of a grass plant it merrily continues to grow from the bottom, unconcerned by the decapitation it receives. Grasses have evolved this system in response to being repeatedly eaten by herbivores. By regularly mowing a lawn, the only plants that can survive are grasses. 2

(C) Trees, for example, do very poorly if you repeatedly and regularly cut them down just above the ground. In fact, many plants cannot cope with being regularly felled. The bit of a plant that does the growing is called a meristem, and in plants such as tulips, begonias and carnations, the meristems are at the tips of the growing shoots. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


72. 20영독 7-4

 

The effect of one's actions on collective consequences, and one's participation in those consequences regardless of one's actions, is relevant because there is a dollar value associated with these actions.


(A) There is a push and pull of cost and relative savings that is difficult for consumers to predict, as it is affected so greatly by their collective actions. It brings to mind economist John Maynard Keynes' description of stock-market investing: a beauty contest in which the winner is not any of the contestants, but the judge whose scores come closest to the average scores of the judges collectively. 2

(B) Furthermore, that dollar value can be complicated. When the cost of gasoline is high enough, the extra initial cost of a more fuel-efficient vehicle ― or one that does not use gasoline at all ― can seem less expensive, even if one does not quite believe the car will "pay for itself" through its fuel savings.0

(C) However, if enough people were to buy those vehicles ― in sufficient numbers to reduce the demand for gasoline — the cost of gasoline would come down. Then again, so would the cost of the vehicles, thanks to economies of scale. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


73. 20영독 7-56

 

The metaphor of barking dogs has been used by historians of religions to describe various uses of comparison, but like all good myths, it bears retelling in each new context and can always be used in new ways.


(A) Comparison makes it possible for us literally to cross-examine cultures, by using a myth from one culture to reveal to us what is not in a telling from another culture, to find out the things not "dreamt of in your philosophy"(as Hamlet said to Horatio). Moreover, we can use comparative work to test theories about our own culture, by noting where our own dogs have not barked. Comparison defamiliarizes what we take for granted. We can only see the inflection of a particular telling when we see other variants. 2

(B) The fact that the dog did not bark when someone entered the house at night was evidence, in this case evidence that the criminal was someone familiar to the dog. Dogs bark at difference ― in this case, someone different from those with whom the dog was familiar. We cannot hear the sound of one hand clapping; we cannot hear sameness. But through the comparative method we can see the blinkers that each culture constructs for its retellings of myths. 1

(C) Sherlock Holmes once solved a mystery, the case of Silver Blaze, a racehorse, by using a vital clue of omission. When Inspector Gregory asked Holmes whether he had noted any point to which he would draw the inspector's attention, Holmes replied, "To the curious incident of the dog in the night-time." "The dog did nothing in the night-time," objected the puzzled inspector, the essential straight man for the Socratic sage. "That was the curious incident," remarked Sherlock Holmes. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


74. 20영독 7-7

 

Most employees want to do a good job, make a difference, and be valued for their efforts.


(A) The closer the recognition to the occurrence, the greater will be the motivation, creating a positive environment that fosters improved performance. Really listening to what employees are saying lets employees feel they are contributing, giving them a sense of worth. 2

(B) Recognizing accomplishments in a timely manner by a simple, sincere "Thank You" can go a long way in improving performance. The level of motivation in part will be determined by the time lapse between the occurrence and awarding the recognition. 1

(C) Regardless of the situation, the company must take time to determine what employees need. Employee performance is often tied more to personal factors like being appreciated for doing a good job than to money. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


75. 20영독 7-8

 

Internationalization is a critical issue in higher education today.


(A) Students who take courses with international content are believed to be better equipped to effectively communicate in global contexts. Therefore, employers are looking for candidates who not only have appropriate degrees for the job but also foreign language skills and intercultural competence. 1

(B) Furthermore, many colleges and universities are admitting more and more international students, and this makes it necessary to train fellow students as well as faculty and staff about intercultural awareness and multiculturalism. 2

(C) Many colleges and universities are transforming their curriculum by integrating international perspectives and providing professional development to faculty and staff so that they can effectively participate in today's increasingly global environment. A major reason for internationalization in higher education is that college graduates are expected to become global citizens to be able to successfully communicate in a diverse workplace. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


76. 20영독 7-9

 

Even people who do not live near the ocean can have an impact on marine communities and ecosystems.


(A) The decomposition of their bodies removes more oxygen from the water, making a bad situation even worse. The result of this excessive decomposition is an area of ocean water that is oxygen depleted. Because so little marine life can survive in such an area, it is referred to as a dead zone. 2

(B) Burning of fossil fuels, for instance, increases the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, leading to climate change such as global warming, rising sea levels, and increased acidity of the ocean. Another way in which inland populations can affect the marine environment is by contributing nutrients to the ocean. Nitrogen is a major nutrient that supports the growth of algae in aquatic ecosystems. 0

(C) When nitrogen-containing chemicals from terrestrial sources reach the ocean they support an enormous increase in the growth of algae. When the algae die, the decomposition of their remains robs the water of oxygen. Marine organisms that can swim away, such as fishes, migrate to better water while those that cannot, such as clams and worms, die from lack of oxygen. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


77. 20영독 7-10

 

The use of critical thinking has been identified as particularly important in the digital age as relatively quick access to a wide range of information means that the user needs the ability to critically evaluate the validity and relative value of information accessed.


(A) In the past, the library, a book, or an expert (e.g., a teacher) were the student's source of knowledge, and the value or validity was unlikely to be questioned. When the Internet was originally introduced to school-based learning programmes, a number of educators were reluctant to use it as a teaching resource as the information may not contain correct facts. 0

(B) This type of critical thinking expands the scientific orientation of critical thinking using reasoning to evaluate credibility. 2

(C) This view reflected the limited information available at the time through the Internet, the lack of social media where large numbers of people and experts were developing knowledge, and a positivist orientation to schooling (purpose is to learn truths). The abundance of information at the touch of a digital technology means that learners need to be able to critically evaluate its relevance, validity and significance. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


78. 20영독 7-1112

 

Predicting how inventions and technological innovations will be used and how they will ultimately affect society is often very difficult.


(A) Given enough experiences of this kind, one gets the idea that every new technology has not only known and expected benefits and costs but also unknown and unforeseen benefits and costs. New technologies sometimes even produce consequences exactly the opposite of what they were intended to produce, what the author Edward Tenner calls "revenge effects." Powerful new technologies alter the social context in which they arise; they change the structure of our interests and values; they change the ways in which we think and work, and they may even change the nature of the communities in which we live. 2

(B) Thomas Edison apparently believed that the phonograph would be mainly used for recording people's last wills and testaments and would undoubtedly be amazed by today's tapes, CDs, and MP3 players, all of which are descended from his invention for recording sound. And who, until recently, would have thought that chlorofluorocarbons, which have been used for decades as refrigerants, would be eating away the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere? 1

(C) The history of technology is full of stories of inventors and innovators who had no idea of how their inventions and innovations would ultimately be used or the far-reaching effects that they would have on society. Johannes Gutenberg, inventor of the printing press and movable metal type, was a devout Catholic who would have been horrified to know that his invention enabled the Bible to be widely printed and so helped stimulate the Protestant Reformation. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


79. 20영독 8-1

 

From its very beginnings, tango showed its changeable profile: first it was simply music played on piano in houses of dubious reputation.


(A) In Buenos Aires, you can breathe tango at every comer, and there are countless tango shows, many including dinner, first-class orchestras, musicals and also 'milonga' dances where you are taught the ABCs of this passionate rhythm. 2

(B) Tango is such a wide-ranging rhythm that it can only be compared with jazz, insofar as its richness and ability to adapt to changing times are concerned. But because tango is danced and most forms of popular music are not, it invariably ended up in the concert halls instead of on the streets. 1

(C) Later it was joined by the guitar, the flute and the violin as it started to be accepted in the more prestigious ballrooms. The great change in tango was brought about by the arrival of the 'bandoneon' squeeze box from Germany, an instrument which was to become emblematic of tango and played by great musicians such as Astor Piazzolla. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


80. 20영독 8-2

 

Land transportation systems have become a crucial component of modernity.


(A) By speeding up communications and the transport of goods and people, they have generated a revolution in contemporary economic and social relations. However, incorporating new technology has not come about without cost: environmental contamination, urban stress and deteriorating air quality are directly linked to modern land transport systems. 0

(B) Equally significant are the rising costs in health services and the added burden on public finances. 2

(C) Above all, transportation is increasingly associated with the rise in road accidents and premature deaths, as well as physical and psychological handicaps. Losses are not limited to reduced worker productivity and trauma affecting a victim's private life. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


81. 20영독 8-3

 

The Westernized "developed" economies are, by a very large margin, the largest markets for prescription medicines.


(A) This situation is now changing because of economic, political and social factors, including the rise of "venture philanthropy" and new pricing models. Perhaps most significantly, rapidly growing economies (China, India and Brazil, for example) are sustaining a large number of people with Western lifestyles and the diseases to match. 1

(B) This may be one reason for an increased willingness on the part of multinational pharmaceutical companies to invest heavily in research and development in these countries and to offer generous pricing models for drugs that treat infectious diseases such as malaria. 2

(C) It is, therefore, inevitable that any coverage of the biopharmaceutical industry will assume that its research and development activities are directed almost exclusively at these affluent nations. The problem for millions of people in the developing world is that treatments for tropical diseases such as malaria are not economical to develop and that medicines for "Western" diseases are too expensive. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


82. 20영독 8-4

 

The relevance of generalized knowledge that is applicable to particular individual phenomena is especially important in the applied areas of psychology — where the layperson's and scientist's perspectives cross paths.


(A) Successful application of the basic knowledge of psychology in particular concrete situations ― be those situations examples of individual or group psychotherapy, of consultation in a business firm, or of dealing with a troubled adolescent — can be consistent only if the basic scientific basis of these applications is adequate to the reality. 0

(B) Such occasional success, however, would be based on the particular combination of circumstances in the case of a concrete application, and need not follow from any adequate scientific understanding of the phenomenon. 2

(C) Certainly it is possible to achieve occasional practical success on the basis of inadequate scientific knowledge — as with the many people who believe in, and try to confirm, predictions made on the basis of horoscopes. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


83. 20영독 8-56

 

One feature of progress and separation from nature is the growing incidence of physical inactivity.


(A) Maybe it is too late for some of us. We have forgotten, and will never reconnect enough. The real challenge is to get to today's young children, connect them with nature and its mysteries early, and prevent the extinction of ecological literacy that will dog us to our graves. 2

(B) Hunter-gatherers and farmers expend energy to catch and grow their food; the rest of us rely on cars and are gradually losing the ability to walk. Physical inactivity (and junk food) is killing us, and our kids. It also reduces the chance of accidental or designed connection with nature. We know that the natural environment positively affects our mental states. 0

(C) Is it any surprise to learn that mental ill-health is on the increase just as environments and biodiversity come under serious threat, just as we seem to stop going there? The World Health Organization predicts that depression and mental ill-health will be the greatest source of ill-health worldwide by 2020. Yet green places are good places ― from the small patches in cities to the wide open wildernesses, and there are many ways to engage in green exercise, from gardening to forest schools to country walks. All these are good for health, but for many adults are no more than temporary remedial measures, as we dash back to the rat race. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


84. 20영독 8-7

 

At the heart of learning is good, old-fashioned trial and error.


(A) Sometimes we know what we want to achieve, and our experiments are refined as we approach the goal. And sometimes we are just playing with material (as artists do), ideas (scientists), or bodily movements (choreographers) to see what happens. 2

(B) In many areas of learning, including baseball, writing, and math, we tinker our way toward understanding and competence. Once we have the glimmerings of an idea about how to proceed, we give it a go, observe the effects and the success, adjust our action, and have another go. 0

(C) We can rarely figure everything out in advance so well that our first attempt is a surefire success. Watch an engineer sketching a bridge, an athlete adjusting her run-up, a teacher or an executive polishing their PowerPoint presentations, a child learning to dive, a cook tinkering with a recipe, and you will see the power of this kind of rehearsing, practicing, and drafting. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


85. 20영독 8-8

 

Living butterflies hold their wings in positions that differ from those of mounted museum specimens.


(A) Thus, the shape of the hindwings, especially the length versus the width, may appear very different in the field than on museum specimens. In addition, relatively fresh individuals often have distinctive sheens that are useful for identification; these sheens are lost upon aging and after death, as are some markings on the butterfly's body and especially its eye color. 2

(B) For example, an obvious difference is that live grass-skippers spread their hindwings flat but open their forewings only partially, appearing very different from completely flat-spread museum specimens. 0

(C) A less often noted difference is that when landed with their wings closed, living skippers fold under the trailing edge of their hindwings, hiding about one-fifth of the wings. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


86. 20영독 8-9

 

In terms of parenting, limited funds may restrict parents' ability, for example, to pay for the best private schools or to satisfy their children's demands for the latest gaming console.


(A) Some parents need to work long hours, cutting down the time they can spend with their children. In some instances, time constraints can be extreme: some parents migrate without their families in pursuit of work, enduring separation from their children for years. 1

(B) Yet constraints need not be exclusively of a financial nature. For many parents, the most significant constraints are time and capabilities. 0

(C) Limits to parents' knowledge and abilities are equally important. Some parents may have the time and resources to care for their children, but fail to provide them with an appropriate diet because they are unaware of the nutritional properties of different types of food. Others underestimate the importance of education as a means of getting on in society and do not put effort into motivating their children to do well in school. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


87. 20영독 8-10

 

From today's perspective, it is difficult to imagine the depth of the Great Depression, and the desperation and deprivation it created among people from all walks of life and social conditions.


(A) Not only that: uncles and cousins who had gone to faraway places, such as Argentina or Australia, were in even worse conditions. There were no jobs, no relief, and nowhere to go. 2

(B) Complete industries disappeared, the ranks of the unemployed swelled to unthinkable levels, families lost their life savings and had no one to turn to. Homes and farms were repossessed by the thousands. 0

(C) Soup kitchens could not serve enough meals to those going hungry, banks collapsed in rapid succession, and children stopped going to school. Complete families thought about emigrating, only to find out that the Depression was a worldwide phenomenon and that relatives who had stayed behind in the old world were suffering as much as they were. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


88. 20영독 8-1112

 

Intelligence is a 'relative' or normative construct.


(A) An intelligence test designed for 18-year-olds in 1930 would be expected to yield very different performance norms if administered today, yet an IQ score for 18-year-olds in 1930 on a then-current test has the same normative meaning as an IQ score for an 18-year-old today on a current test. The IQ score only tells us the individual's standing with respect to other members of the norming sample. 2

(B) The principal disadvantage to this approach is that it renders comparisons across norming groups somewhat problematic. For example, it is arguably nonsensical to say that a large sample of today's 18-year-olds is more or less 'intelligent' than a large sample of 18-year-olds in 1930. The average 18-year-old today has very different knowledge and skills from the 18-year-old in 1930, in areas of math, science, arts and literature, and so on. 1

(C) One of Alfred Binet's seminal contributions to the assessment of intelligence was to introduce the idea that we can best index intelligence, especially during childhood when rapid cognitive development occurs, as the individual's performance in comparison to a reference group (e.g., all six-year-old children). It is almost universally accepted that one can only quantify an individual's intelligence by referring to the reference or norming group. The principal advantage to this approach is that an individual's intelligence is indexed in a way that it has the same meaning, even though norming groups may change from one decade to the next (e.g., in terms of the core knowledge and skills that are within the capabilities of the larger reference group). 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


89. 20영독 9-1

 

Scientists hope to someday establish beyond a doubt that aging and all the nefarious things that go with it can be indefinitely postponed simply by reducing the amount of food and calories we consume.


(A) This means that a junk food junkie who is blessed with a high metabolic rate that keeps her from gaining weight may still be at a higher risk for developing a memory problem. If we consider the logic that explains how caloric restriction exerts its beneficial effects on the body and mind, this makes a lot of sense. 1

(B) Take note that in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease, maintaining an ideal weight may not be enough. Studies have shown that the risk of Alzheimer's disease is more closely linked to caloric intake than to weight or body mass index (BMI). 0

(C) The amount of age-accelerating oxygen free radicals generated from our diet is related to the amount of calories we consume, not to our weight. Thus a person with a high metabolic rate who consumes greater calories may actually be producing more harmful forms of oxygen than someone with a slower metabolic rate. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


90. 20영독 9-2

 

Economies are organized in different ways to answer the question of what is to be produced.


(A) That same group decides on the number and size of school buildings, refrigerators, shoes, and so on. Other countries, including the United States, much of Europe, and increasingly, Asia and elsewhere have largely adopted a democratic and participatory decision-making process where literally millions of individual producers and consumers of goods and services determine what goods, and how many of them, will be produced. A country that uses such a decentralized decision-making process is often said to have a market economy. 2

(B) Sometimes this highly centralized economic system is referred to as a command economy. Under this type of regime, decisions about how many tractors or automobiles to produce are largely determined by a government official or committee associated with the central planning organization. 1

(C) The dispute over the best way to answer this question has inflamed passions for centuries. Should a central planning board make the decisions, as in North Korea and Cuba? 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


91. 20영독 9-3

 

Research with hμman runners challenged conventional wisdom and found that the ground-reaction forces (GRFs) at the foot and the shock transmitted up the leg and through the body after impact with the ground varied little as runners moved from extremely compliant to extremely hard running surfaces.


(A) As a result, impact forces passing through the legs are strikingly similar over a wide range of running surface types. Contrary to popular belief, running on concrete is not more damaging to the legs than running on soft sand. 2

(B) As a result, researchers gradually began to believe that runners are subconsciously able to adjust leg stiffness prior to foot strike based on their perceptions of the hardness or stiffness of the surface on which they are running. 0

(C) This view suggests that runners create soft legs that soak up impact forces when they are running on very hard surfaces and stiff legs when they are moving along on yielding terrain. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


92. 20영독 9-4

 

The MNM philosophy ― Make New Mistakes ― recognizes that mistakes are opportunities to learn.


(A) Making no mistakes means that we continue to execute a familiar model or formula; making no mistakes means a lack of creativity and new strategies. Conversely, making new mistakes means that different activities and directions are being attempted. We should make mistakes when we try new things; if we don't do so, then we aren't being ambitious enough. 1

(B) The key is to learn from our new mistakes so that we grow as a result of them. If we want our teachers to learn from their experiences 一to actively engage in anticipating, hypothesis testing, reflecting, and analyzing ― they need to know that learning is messy and that it's all right to feel comfortable when they make a mistake. 2

(C) Of course, making the same old mistakes over and over isn't very smart. We should learn from our mistakes so that we don't repeat them. Yet making no mistakes isn't very smart either. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


93. 20영독 9-57

 

One beautiful spring day, a farmer was plowing his ground to plant carrots, when a bear wandered by.


(A) But the next year, the farmer didn't plant carrots. Instead, he planted wheat. He figured since he was doing all the work, he should get the best end of the deal. When it was time to harvest the wheat, the bear showed up again. The farmer gave the bear all the roots and then loaded the wheat in his wagon. When the bear got home, he couldn't think of anything to do with the roots. He was furious! He went to the farmer's house and warned him, "You've shown how smart you are, Farmer. But if you're really smart, from now on you'll stay out of my woods!" To this day, the farmer is always a little nervous when he goes into the woods. And with good reason, for the bear still hasn't forgiven the farmer for tricking him. 2

(B) The bear was quite pleased with the huge bundle of carrot leaves he took home. But he was not pleased with their bitter taste. He returned to the farmer and demanded to taste one of the roots. The bear ate a carrot and said, "These are sweet and delicious. You've tricked me, Farmer. You had better not go in the woods again!" "I'm sorry, Bear. I didn't mean to trick you. Next year you can have all the roots, and I'll take what grows above the ground. It's only fair." 1

(C) The bear was just about to grab him, but the farmer begged, "Don't hurt me, Bear. Why don't we farm together? I'll do all the work for both of us. You can have everything that grows above the ground, and I'll take the roots." "That sounds fair," said the bear. "But you'd better not try to trick me, or you won't be safe in the woods anymore!" The carrots the farmer planted grew to be quite large. At last the day came to harvest them. When they were all dug up, the farmer said to the bear, "Now let's divide them evenly. Just as I promised, you get all the tops, and I get the roots." 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


94. 20영독 9-8

 

Socially anxious people usually feel friendly towards others and certainly have their fair share of the positive characteristics that other people appreciate.


(A) The anxiety interferes with their expression, and the ability to display them may have gone rusty from lack of use. Indeed, socially anxious people may have altogether lost belief in their likeable qualities together with their self-confidence. 1

(B) One of the rewards of learning to overcome social anxiety is that it enables you to express aspects of yourself that may previously have been stifled, and allows you to enjoy, rather than to fear, being yourself. 2

(C) They may have a sense of fun, be energetic and generous, kind and understanding, serious, amusing, quiet or lively, and they spontaneously behave in these ways when they feel at ease. But feeling at ease in company is so hard for them, and makes them so anxious, that these qualities are often hidden from view. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


95. 20영독 9-9

 

Exotic pets pose a risk to human health and safety, particularly because some infectious diseases they carry are transmittable to humans.


(A) But the traded animals themselves arguably bear the risks of the exotic pet trade most profoundly. Pre-purchase mortality rates within the trade are as high as 70 percent for reptiles and some birds, or 80 percent for wild-caught marine fish, with similar mortality rates persisting within the first year after purchase. Experts argue it is difficult if not impossible to provide adequate care for exotic pets. 2

(B) Ecological risks are also significant. Species loss due to the exotic pet trade can be so dramatic that experts have coined the term "empty forest syndrome" to describe some of these exporting zones. 0

(C) In importing regions, too, exotic pets can escape or be illegally released into non-native environments, where they may become invasive. The most famous case of this is the breeding population of Burmese pythons now established in the Florida Everglades. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


96. 20영독 9-10

 

What was arguably the all-time greatest example of selection bias resulted in the embarrassing 1948 Chicago Tribune headline "Dewey defeats Truman."


(A) In reality, Harry Truman trounced his opponent. All the major political polls at the time had predicted Thomas Dewey would be elected president. 0

(B) First, they stopped polling too far in advance of the election, and Truman was especially successful at energizing people in the final days before the election. Second, the telephone polls conducted tended to favor Dewey because in 1948, telephones were generally limited to wealthier households, and Dewey was mainly popular among elite voters. The selection bias that resulted in the infamous Chicago Tribune headline was accidental, but it shows the danger and potential power — for a stakeholder wanting to influence hearts and minds by encouraging others to hop on the bandwagon — of selection bias. 2

(C) The Chicago Tribune went to press before the election results were in, its editors confident that the polls would be correct. The statisticians were wrong for two reasons. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


97. 20영독 9-11

 

Despite advances in desktop mapping software, which would empower reporters as mapmakers, news publishers tend to treat maps like photographs and other images ― as illustrations developed by specialists working in an art department outside the news room.


(A) The resulting maps are often team efforts involving reporters, editors, and graphics specialists. 2

(B) Some newspapers have a separate graphics department that is responsible for maps and other information graphics or a "graphics editor" who mediates between the news desk and the art department. Elsewhere the integration of illustrations and art relies on informal alliances — inviting the art director to the daily editorial meeting is a common concession. 0

(C) Because reporters and editors are rarely trained in graphic design and mapmaking, this division of labor is likely to persist. Even so, some newspapers committed to investigative reporting acquired a geographic information system and made the software available to reporters covering crime, elections, or the environment. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


98. 20영독 9-1214

 

At the 2008 Washington State Class 4A Track and Field Championship, Nicole Cochran had just finished the 3,200-meter race.


(A) Then the third-place finisher gave her medal to the second-place runner, and so on down the line. Finally, a girl named Lyndy Davis from Monroe High School gave her eighth-place medal away. That meant she wouldn't be receiving one at all. "It gave me chills," said Cochran. "It shows how much respect distance runners have for each other." Cochran competed in two more events, including the 800-meter race. She finished in eighth place. Afterward, she found Lyndy Davis and gave her the eighth-place medal. "After what she had done, I didn't want her to go home from the meet in her senior year without a medal," said Cochran. Then, 10 days after the competition, officials decided the original ruling had been wrong. Cochran was formally named the 3,200-meter champ. 2

(B) The defending champion thought she had won. After all, Cochran ― a senior at Bellarmine Prep ― seemed to have finished first by more than three seconds. But then her coach was called to the officials' tent. The officials said that Cochran had stepped outside of her lane during one of the turns. Cochran knew she hadn't done it, but the ruling was final. She was going to be disqualified. Almost everybody, including the other runners, believed the judge had made a mistake. Still, the title was awarded to the runner-up, Andrea Nelson from Shadle Park High. Nelson wasn't happy about it. In fact, she was upset. She had been running in the lane next to Cochran's, and she knew Cochran had run a clean race. 0

(C) "That's not how I wanted to win the state championship," said Nelson. "It wasn't fair. She deserved it. She totally crushed everybody." So as the eight top finishers took their places on the podium to receive their medals, Nelson made a decision. She stepped off the podium, walked over to Cochran, and placed the first-place medal around her neck. "It's your medal," she said. Cochran was moved by the gesture. She was pretty astonished. The other runners were inspired, too. The second-place finisher gave her medal to Nelson. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


99. 20영독 10-1

 

One of the great risks of writing is that even the simplest of choices regarding wording or punctuation can sometimes prejudice your audience against you in ways that may seem unfair.


(A) Suppose you have written a position paper trying to convince your city council of the need to hire security personnel for the library, and half of the council members 一 the people you wish to convince — remember their eighth-grade grammar teacher's warning about splitting infinitives. How will they respond when you tell them, in your introduction, that librarians are compelled "to always accompany" visitors to the rare book room because of the threat of vandalism? 1

(B) How much of their attention have you suddenly lost because of their automatic recollection of what is now a nonrule? It is possible, in other words, to write correctly and still offend your readers' notions of your language competence. 2

(C) For example, look again at the old grammar rule forbidding the splitting of infinitives. After decades of telling students to never split an infinitive (something just done in this sentence), most composition experts now concede that a split infinitive is not a grammar crime. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


100. 20영독 10-2

 

While we dislike failing in our regular endeavors, games are an entirely different thing, a safe space in which failure is okay, neither painful nor the least unpleasant.


(A) To prevent other people from achieving their goals is usually hostile behavior that may end friendships, but we regularly prevent other players from achieving their goals when playing friendly games. Games, in this view, are something different from the regular world, a frame in which failure is not the least distressing. 1

(B) The phrase "It's just a game" suggests that this would be the case. And we do often take what happens in a game to have a different meaning from what is outside a game. 0

(C) Yet this is clearly not the whole truth: we are often upset when we fail, we put in considerable effort to avoid failure while playing a game, and we will even show anger toward those who foiled our clever in-game plans. In other words, we often argue that in-game failure is something harmless and neutral, but we repeatedly fail to act accordingly. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


101. 20영독 10-3

 

Emotions can easily intrude upon the most simple messages.


(A) Mine or yours? Most likely you'd feel like socking the person who sent it. There are certainly people who can push us over the edge of civilized decorum. The question is how to respond to them. 1

(B) In this case, perhaps it's best not to respond at all. The writer is clearly upset and resentful, perhaps even insecure about something you may have said or suggested. If you receive an unsettling message such as this, do not respond immediately. No matter how justified or outraged you feel, your emotions will get the better of your ability to express your thoughts and, ironically enough, you may end up appearing the aggressor. 2

(C) Some people can send us letters and e-mail messages that are clearly hostile or nasty and tempt us to respond in kind. At times maybe we should. How would you feel if you received this message? Whose job do you think you can do better? 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


102. 20영독 10-4

 

Within my family, obtaining a university degree was never presented as a choice.


(A) I was exceptionally lucky because my parents always cultivated in my sister and me deep admiration for academic and professional achievement. As I grew up, my parents would repeat again and again that education was an investment that would always yield returns. They convinced us that knowledge was the one thing in life nobody could take away from you. 0

(B) In these circumstances, the promise of a better life depended on my parents' ability to exercise their professions in the United States and on the education my sister and I could obtain. There seemed to be no American Dream without a college degree. 2

(C) Money, properties, even loved ones could disappear. But not knowledge. This thinking had acquired greater meaning in our new context as recent immigrants facing significant scarcity. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


103. 20영독 10-57

 

While she was going to Elanor Hales's place, Anika kept thinking about the baby elephant.


(A) Can I see him?" Mrs. Hales laughed and said, "Yes, he is. He's still weak, but he has a good chance of surviving." A sense of comfort filled Anika. "I've named him Kioko. I will show you around," Mrs. Hales said. Mrs. Hales took Anika to where they were taking care of elephants. There were two other small elephants. All of them were having a mud bath out front. Kioko was there. An animal caretaker was rubbing cool, muddy water behind Kioko's ear. Kioko leaned against her and touched her with his trunk. Anika wanted to go pet Kioko, but Mrs. Hales said no. She said Kioko needed to feel peacefully secure. It wouldn't be good for strangers to pet him yet. 1

(B) 'Would he still be alive?' she thought. As soon as the car stopped at Elanor Hales's place, Anika burst out of the car. She was in a hurry to see if the baby elephant was still alive. Then she saw an older woman who was standing with her arm around an eland, a large African antelope. She was talking to some people and patting the eland. She looked over at Anika and then walked over. She was barefoot. The eland followed her. "You must be Anika," she said. "I'm Elanor Hales." Her voice was very English, clipped, and no-nonsense. She had kind eyes. Anika blurted, "Is he still alive? Is the baby elephant still alive? 0

(C) Mrs. Hales explained that baby elephants die unless they feel safe and get lots of attention. The tiny ones used to die, even with lots of attention. After having tea in the veranda, it was time for Anika to leave. She looked at Elanor Hales and said "Mrs. Hales, is there any chance I could work with you?" Mrs. Hales raised her eyebrows. "What do you mean by work?" she asked. "Anything there is to do. I could learn immense amounts from you," Anika said. "Well," Mrs. Hales said in a dry voice, "what good would you be to me? I have workers already who know the animals." Anika shrugged and raised her hands. Mrs. Hales laughed, "Write to me. I'll consider it." She shook Anika's hand and said goodbye. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


104. 20영독 10-8

 

Avoid the myth that writing is easier at the last minute.


(A) It's a popular, but dangerous myth. Last-minute deadlines are more likely to create stress that can paralyze your thinking and ability to write. You may feel "energized" by the stress, but the stress also undermines your ability to make logical connections and correct choices while writing. Inevitably, last-minute writing results in embarrassing mistakes, omissions, and a lack of clarity. 0

(B) Always read what you've written out loud. Reading out loud will reveal errors and omissions that you didn't notice the previous day. Reading out loud helps you locate run-on sentences, awkward phrases, and unnecessary ideas. 2

(C) Finish a day ahead of time, and review your work the next day. Never post, publish, or submit a project immediately after you finish writing. Instead, put it aside for an hour, or — even better — overnight. Then, carefully review what you've written. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


105. 20영독 10-9

 

Composers compose music.


(A) They write down a series of dots and lines on a page; then performers come along with their instruments and voices, look at the dots and lines on the page, and make sounds from them. It's all very mysterious. Or is it? 0

(B) There's no musical sound meaning 'sausage' or 'dirty laundry', for instance. On the other hand, a musical sentence, or phrase, can sound happy, sad, thoughtful, nostalgic and eager — all at the same time! Words would get exhausted if they tried to express as many meanings as that. 2

(C) After all, these words you're reading are just another series of dots and lines; you know what they mean, so you can look at them and make sounds (and sense) from them. So maybe music is really just another language, with its own meaning; but there IS something more magical about music than about any other language. The range of sounds is far, far huger than that of any spoken language; and because they aren't tied to any specific meaning, the sounds can express much more. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


106. 20영독 10-10

 

In judging that a particular explanation is the best one, you need to compare it with other possible explanations; and the more alternatives you are able to imagine, the better your judgement is likely to be.


(A) Similarly, when you make a moral judgement about someone's behaviour, not only do you need to look at what they actually did, but you also need to imagine what they could have done. 1

(B) In science, a chemist working with the same data as their colleagues may reject an 'obvious' explanation of the phenomena because they have the intellectual ability to imagine a range of different explanations and the judgement to be able to choose between them. 0

(C) If someone does something bad, your judgement is likely to be harsher if you think there were better choices available to them, and more lenient if you think they really had no choice. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


107. 20영독 10-11

 

Solving the productivity problem is a double-edged sword.


(A) As soon as the business sector raises productivity and salaries start to rise in absolute terms, wage disparities between poorly trained and highly trained workers are likely to become more pronounced. While the rising tide of higher salaries will lift more people above the poverty line, the income differences among different sectors of society are likely to grow. 0

(B) In an economy dominated by innovation and mass customization, the highly skilled and the highly trained are likely to prosper. 2

(C) As companies strive to become more productive as well as more innovative in differentiating their products from their competitors, they will increasingly either spin off low-paying, low-value jobs to Third World countries or eliminate them altogether through automation. The remaining high-value, high-paying jobs are thus likely to require an increasingly well-educated labor force. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


108. 20영독 10-1214

 

Once upon a time there was a woman named June.


(A) He thought the best way to teach me self-reliance was to never encourage or praise me. He wanted me to be tough and independent." "Two or three times a week, we played catch. Sometimes we would play catch with a baseball, at other times with a football. Either way, the goal was always the same. I was to catch the ball ten times straight. I would catch that ball eight or nine times, but always on the tenth, he would do anything to make me miss. He would throw it on the ground or over my head, but always so I had little chance of catching it." Michael paused for a long moment and then finished, "He never let me catch the tenth ball ― never! No matter how hard I tried, he always set me up to fail. And I guess that's why I have to get away from my father's business; I want to catch the tenth ball." 2

(B) He had witnessed this frustration in other parents. Knowing June's disappointment was genuine, he agreed to talk with Michael. Michael arrived early for their appointment. Rather than being reluctant to talk, Michael jumped right into the reasons for his decision. Michael explained, "There was a time when I would have loved nothing more than to run my father's business. As a boy, I idealized my dad. I wanted to please him. I wanted to hear him say he was proud of me. But you need to understand the relationship. My father was a driven man who came up the hard way. He was determined to teach me self-reliance, but his method was demoralizing. 1

(C) June was the widow of a successful entrepreneur. Over a period of twenty-six years her late husband, Walter, had built a family-owned corner drugstore into a chain of fifty-eight stores with annual sales in excess of 326 million dollars. June and Walter were the parents of a single child, Michael. As Michael grew toward adulthood, his mother assumed that Michael would follow in his father's footsteps. As president and CEO, Michael would fulfill his father's vision of one hundred stores with annual sales of over four hundred million dollars. This, June believed, was the only course her son's life could take. June was to be disappointed. When Michael completed undergraduate school, he announced he would not be entering the family business. Upset and worried, June sought the advice of an old family friend. The old friend, who happened to be a retired high school principal, listened patiently as June wandered through various stages of grief — denial, anger, depression, and back to anger. June's pain was not new to the former principal. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


109. 20영독 11-1

 

To many people, having a goal is synonymous with commitment, and commitment to a goal — in turn — is nearly synonymous with success.


(A) Quitting, on the other hand, is reserved for the morally and physically weak. As you might guess, we challenge the notion that giving up (an indisputable psychological discomfort, by the way) is so awful. Blind devotion to goals has led to, among other things, "gold fever," most often associated with the California Gold Rush, when miners expended enormous physical, emotional, and financial capital in their fruitless pursuit of riches. 1

(B) Legendary boxer Muhammad Ali once remarked, "I hated every minute of training but I said, 'Don't quit. Suffer now and live the rest of your life as a champion."' And there you have it ― the clear sentiment that doubling down on goals is more likely to lead to success. 0

(C) In fact, researcher Eva Pomerantz of the University of Illinois argues that heavy investment in a goal can erode a person's psychological quality of life by creating a spike in their anxiety. This is especially true when people push themselves by focusing on the potential negative impact of not achieving their goals. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


110. 20영독 11-2

 

Our insatiable appetite for seafood, coupled with the brutal efficiency of our industrial fishing technologies, has wreaked havoc.


(A) But above all, it has been a combination of government weakness, industrial greed and a scientific community lacking the courage to sound the alarm that has resulted in one of the greatest ecological tragedies of our time. Decision-makers have routinely ignored the warning signs. 0

(B) For example, in November 2008, the inappropriately named International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna (ICCAT) set a catch quota for bluefin tuna that is nearly 50 per cent higher than its own scientists advise. Citing concern for jobs, livelihoods and consumer interest, politicians have brought fish stocks to the brink of collapse, and by their failure, they threaten the very people in whose interests they claim to be acting. 2

(C) The reason is that they have been frightened of upsetting the 'fishing lobby'. As a result, they have set hopelessly unrealistic quotas, and have gone out of their way to appease industrial fishing companies. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


111. 20영독 11-3

 

We live in times when speed of reaction often takes precedence over slower and more cautious assessments.


(A) As we become more attuned to 'real time' events and media, we inevitably end up placing more trust in sensation and emotion than in evidence. Knowledge becomes more valued for its speed and impact than for its cold objectivity, and emotive falsehood often travels faster than fact. 0

(B) News, financial markets, friendships and work engage us in a constant flow of information, making it harder to stand back and construct a more reliable portrait of any of them. The threat lurking in this is that otherwise peaceful situations can come to feel dangerous, until eventually they really are. 2

(C) In situations of physical danger, where time is of the essence, rapid reaction makes sense. But the influence of 'real time' data now extends well beyond matters of security. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


112. 20영독 11-4

 

Quite often, a party seeking to show statistical significance combines data from different sources to create larger numbers, and hence greater significance for a given disparity.


(A) Conversely, a party seeking to avoid finding significance disaggregates data insofar as possible. In a discrimination suit brought by female faculty members of a medical school, plaintiffs aggregated faculty data over several years, while the school based its statistics on separate departments and separate years. 0

(B) When the figures were broken down by department, however, it appeared that in most departments the women's acceptance rate was higher than the men's. The reason for the reversal was that women applied in greater numbers to departments with lower acceptance rates than to the departments to which men predominantly applied. The departments were therefore variables that confounded the association between sex and admission. 2

(C) The argument for disaggregation is that pooled data may be quite misleading. A well-known study showed that at the University of California at Berkeley female applicants for graduate admissions were accepted at a lower rate than male applicants. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


113. 20영독 11-57

 

Professor Povzner taught a course at the Military Academy for Engineers.


(A) The student said, 'This is so interesting, about medieval Russian mathematics. Could you tell us, please, where we could get more information about it — what the reference books would be? I would like to learn more.' Having no time to think, the professor immediately answered: 'Well, that's impossible! All the archives were burned during the Tatar invasion!' When the class was over, the general got up slowly from his seat. 1

(B) He walked into a class one day, ready to start his lecture with a routine spiel about Russian primacy in mathematics, and then settle down to a serious session of really teaching mathematics. But to his alarm, the minute he got up in front of the class he saw that among the audience was a general, the chief of the Academy. Povzner pulled up short and decided that he had better devote the whole lecture to the subject of early Russian genius in mathematics. Luckily, he was a very talented man, good at thinking on his feet, so on the spur of the moment he invented a wonderful lecture on Russian mathematics in the twelfth century. He engaged in flights of fancy for the entire hour, stopping only five minutes before the end to ask, as was customary, 'Are there any questions?' Povzner saw that one of the students had raised his hand. 0

(C) Then he came up to the lecturer and said, 'So, Professor... All the archives were burned?' Only then did poor Povzner realize what he had said. The unspoken question hung in the air: If all the evidence of Russian primacy in this science was burned, how in the world did the professor himself know the history of pre-invasion mathematics? He was ready to panic when, unexpectedly, the general smiled at him sympathetically, turned around, and left. This high-ranking commander was a clever ancent person; otherwise Professor Povzner would have been in deep trouble. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


114. 20영독 11-8

 

When romantic partners lie to each other they do so relatively often by concealing information.


(A) There are several reasons as to why liars prefer concealments. First of all, they are difficult to detect. Once information is provided, lie detectors can verify the accuracy of this information by searching for further evidence that supports or contradicts it. 0

(B) Another problem with telling an outright lie or exaggerating is that liars need to remember the details they provided in case the topic of the lie comes up on subsequent occasions. However, they don't need to remember anything if they don't provide information (concealment). 2

(C) In the case of concealments, however, no information is given. Moreover, concealing information is relatively easy. When telling an outright lie or when exaggerating, a liar should invent a story that sounds plausible, whereas nothing needs to be invented when concealing information. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


115. 20영독 11-9

 

Control of the crime scene is obviously important.


(A) The recording of the names of those who enter and leave the defined scene (or come into contact with it) and at what time maintains the integrity of the scene management process. The scene or investigation also extends to persons removed from the scene and those who may be potentially connected with it. The availability of trained crime scene investigators to examine such scenes may not always be adequate. 1

(B) This can be done by establishing the boundary of the scene (be it a location, item, or person) and protecting it. The establishment of a cordon at a major crime scene, marking it with incident tape and protecting it with police officers, is the common practice. The same principles apply if the examination is that of a person (a suspect, victim, or witness), recovered vehicle, or any other item. 0

(C) It is a long-established principle that all areas such as scene, victim, vehicle, and suspect should be dealt with by separate scene investigators. But at some stage, most often in the laboratory, items will be examined and compared by the same scientist, where systems are also required to ensure that there is no contamination. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


116. 20영독 11-10

 

In a study, 77 undergraduate students were interviewed.


(A) During these interviews, they were presented with various events (e.g., falling on their head, getting a painful wound, or being sent to a hospital emergency room). They were told that, according to their parents, these events had occurred in their childhood. 0

(B) Guided imagery instructions were given to the participants to help them generate images for the false event (e.g., "Visualize what it might have been like and the memory will probably come back to you"). Results indicated that 26% of students "recovered" a complete memory for the false event, and another 30% recalled aspects of the false experience. 2

(C) The interviewer gave further details about the events supposedly given by the parents. Unknown to the interviewees, the events were invented by the researchers and had never happened to the participants according to their parents. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


117. 20영독 11-11

 

Noise is often thought to affect performance, as anyone who has tried to concentrate in a noisy environment can attest.


(A) Unfortunately, most of the evidence on task performance under noisy conditions comes from laboratory experiments. Based on the research conducted so far, we cannot assess whether the findings of lab research on noise will generalize to less controlled conditions in real work settings. 2

(B) Performance deficits are particularly obvious for difficult or demanding tasks. Simple or routine tasks, on the other hand, are typically not affected by noise, and sometimes noise increases performance on simple tasks. This enhancement effect probably occurs because the noise acts as a stressor, raising the person's arousal level and therefore overcoming the boredom associated with the task. 1

(C) High intensity noise clearly is related to a generalized stress response. However, the effects of noise on performance are far from clear-cut. In general, task performance is only impaired at very high noise intensities. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


118. 20영독 11-1214

 

I recently had the privilege of listening to Robert Cooper, author of Executive EQ, address an auditorium of 900 people.


(A) He described the decline in his grandfather's health and how after each major heart attack his grandfather would call Robert to his side, burning to share his latest near-death insight. Robert had us leaning forward in our seats, as he recounted his grandfather's words "I've been thinking about what is most important in life, and I've concluded that the most important thing in life is...." We wanted to share the insights of this great man. By the fourth time he had us laughing at the old man's revisions and Robert's adolescent fear that he was going to be tested on remembering what the last heart attack's "most important thing in life" was. As we continued to smile, he told us about his grandfather's last revision: "My grandfather said to me, 'Give the world the best you have and the best will come back to you. I have asked myself — what if every day I had refused to accept yesterday's definition of my best? So much would have come back to me ... to your father ... to you. But now it won't, because I didn't. 1

(B) The story he told in the first ten minutes of his speech demonstrated his authenticity. He chose to tell us "who he was" by telling a story about his grandfather, who died when Robert was sixteen years old. His father's father had four major heart attacks before he eventually died from the fifth. During that time, he had taken great care to assist in Robert's development as a young man. He invested long talks and personal time with him. We could see the love Robert felt for his grandfather when he used words to help us see this man as he saw him back then. He said, "If you could measure intelligence in the quality of intensity in a man's eyes, he surely must have been a genius." 0

(C) It is too late for me. But it's not too late for you.'" I held my breath along with everyone there at the power of a man's regret at the end of his life. "It is too late for me." Our common humanity means that we, too, will die. Every person in that audience had a flicker of awareness toward our own deaths and potential regrets. He didn't pull any punches with this story, but Robert glowed with the intensity of total authenticity and his integrity gave him the right to tell such a powerful story. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


119. 20영독 12-1

 

Clutter beats us up psychologically and physically.


(A) It clouds our minds, making it difficult to access what truly matters in our lives. According to Ab Jackson, a fellow organizer, "Are you a person that buys things that you don't need, with money that you don't have, to impress people that you don't even like?" Sound familiar? 0

(B) Why spend it performing tasks that don't match your prewired tendencies? How can we learn to do this with less stress and more grace; even, dare I say, a sense of satisfaction and pleasure? Here is where your own organizing skills can greatly assist you in feeling intact, leading a life that is proactive rather than reactive, purposeful, and ultimately satisfying. 2

(C) How reassuring would it be to get organized in a way that not only helps you cope with the basic demands of life but also gives you more energy and joy? How about a way that actually resonates with what is easy for your unique brain? We only have so much life force, so much chi, pran, or energy.1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


120. 20영독 12-2

 

TV shows were more popular in the seventies than they are now not because they were better, but because we had fewer alternatives to compete for our screen attention.


(A) The economics of the broadcast era required hit shows — big buckets — to catch huge audiences. The economics of the broadband era are reversed. Serving the same stream to millions of people at the same time is hugely expensive and wasteful for a distribution network optimized for point-to-point communications. 2

(B) But it can't do the opposite — bring a million shows to one person each. Yet that is exactly what the Internet does so well. 1

(C) What we thought was the rising tide of common culture actually turned out to be less about the triumph of Hollywood talent and more to do with the sheepherding effect of broadcast distribution. The great thing about broadcast is that it can bring one show to millions of people with unmatchable efficiency. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


121. 20영독 12-3

 

In one study Barbara Weston and I attempted to determine whether or not 2- and 3-yearold babies would show evidence of familiarity to the perfume the mother wore during regular feedings.


(A) There were two control groups: a test with an odourless cotton swab, and a test with another perfume, 'Cachet', which was not worn by any of the mothers in the experimental group. The results for 15 infants, 8 girls and 7 boys, showed 80 per cent response on trials with the perfume versus virtually zero with the odourless control. However, the infants responded about equally to mothers' perfume and the control perfume, 'Cachet'. 2

(B) After a few such exposures, we tested the babies in the laboratory. The perfume was presented to the infant on a cotton swab and the babies' sucking, respiration, general activity and heart rate were recorded on a polygraph. 1

(C) She would wear her own perfume and the same one each time. The perfumes included 'L'Air du Temps', 'Jontu' and 'Maximi'. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


122. 20영독 12-4

 

In addition to efforts to develop natural and more sustainable adhesive materials for commercial use, recent years have seen the emergence of a wide variety of "green adhesives."


(A) Low-temperature hot melt glues, for example, require less energy to melt and apply, and new cardboard and foil-based packaging has also been developed to reduce the landfill waste from plastic tube applicators. 2

(B) Efforts to produce and market these have been associated not only with the use of more sustainable raw materials but also with minimizing the environmental impacts of adhesives, particularly with regard to reducing harmful compounds and solvents contained in the adhesives. A number of governments have introduced regulations on the chemical emissions produced when using adhesives. 0

(C) These regulations have attempted to place limits on the amount of volatile organic compounds contained in adhesive products, as these compounds are thought to release hazardous air pollutants posing both health and environmental risks. Other products are designed to save energy and reduce waste. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


123. 20영독 12-57

 

Joe has one specific memory of when he was 17 years old.


(A) He had been working summers and vacations for nearly five years at his father's appliance store. Joe was out on a service call one afternoon to fix a customer's washing machine. Some members of the high school yearbook staff came into the store to get a picture of him for a story they were doing on how the senior class spent summer vacation. His dad directed them to the customer's home (it's a small-town thing). So, much to Joe's surprise, two of the prettiest girls in the senior class showed up to take his picture. At the time Joe was so self-conscious. At 17, the presence of pretty girls made him incredibly nervous. Also, he looked dirty and completely unprepared for this unannounced visit. Making it all the worse was the utilitarian way the two classmates handled the task. 0

(B) Joe remember thinking, "Really! 'Cheer up, it gets worse?' That has got to be the worst motivational speech I have ever heard in my life." Years later, he reminded his dad, now softened with age, of that conversation. He offered more nuance this time. First, he said, the phrase is true. Life is hard, but no matter how difficult today is, there will be a worse one ahead. "Cheer up, it gets worse," is not negative, he said. It is a reminder not to wallow in your troubles today because there will be a day in the future you will want to trade for today. Truly, an amazing piece of advice. 2

(C) They briefly announced the purpose of their visit, snapped two photos, and left with no more than three sentences of interaction. The manner in which they showed up, executed their chore, and exited all in the span of five minutes with not even a pleasantry was bruising to a teenage boy's ego. After completing the service call, Joe returned to the store. It was clear, even to his emotionally restricted father, that he was bummed. "What happened to you?" His father asked him. Reluctantly, Joe shared his encounter with the two girls. After listening to his story, he said, "Cheer up, it gets worse." And with that, Dad returned to the task at hand. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


124. 20영독 12-8

 

Imagine I tell you that Maddy is bad.


(A) But there is more detail nevertheless, perhaps a stronger connotation of the sort of person Maddy is. In addition, and again assuming typical linguistic conventions, you should also get a sense that I am disapproving of Maddy, or saying that you should disapprove of her, or similar, assuming that we are still discussing her moral character. 2

(B) In contrast, if I say that Maddy is wicked, then you get more of a sense of her typical actions and attitudes to others. The word 'wicked' is more specific than 'bad'. I have still not exactly pinpointed Maddy's character since wickedness takes many forms. 1

(C) Perhaps you infer from my intonation, or the context in which we are talking, that I mean morally bad. Additionally, you will probably infer that I am disapproving of Maddy, or saying that I think you should disapprove of her, or similar, given typical linguistic conventions and assuming I am sincere. However, you might not get a more detailed sense of the particular sorts of way in which Maddy is bad, her typical character traits, and the like, since people can be bad in many ways. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


125. 20영독 12-9

 

When electromagnetic wavelengths start to get too long to bend retinal (a biological chemical in the retina of the eye), we call them infrared because they are just below the visible color red.


(A) Those wavelengths shorter than visible light carry more energy. The shorter wavelength radiations (think x-rays) carry enough energy that they go beyond simply bending molecules; they can actually break them. And it is the breaking of biological molecules that results in radiation's adverse biological effects. 1

(B) In contrast, those radiations with longer wavelengths carry much less energy than light (think radio waves), not even enough to bend retinal or other biological molecules. If these low energy radiations have biological effects, their mechanism is more obscure and beyond what we currently understand about biology. 2

(C) When the wavelengths are a little too short to be seen we call them ultraviolet because they are just beyond the visible color violet. Visible light is squeezed in between the invisible infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths. If we consider visible light to be the dividing line within the universe of invisible electromagnetic waves, what can we say about wavelengths on either side of the visible? 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


126. 20영독 12-10

 

Pain has always been philosophically and politically problematic.


(A) Whereas physical injuries and diseases can be observed by others, pain has an apparently private quality, which potentially cuts the sufferer off from others. By its nature, it can be difficult to adequately communicate, a quality that led the cultural theorist Elaine Scarry to describe intense pain as "world-destroying." 0

(B) This generates its own political strains, as some sufferers are inevitably viewed as more credible than others, while some are assumed to exaggerate their pains. The politics of pain involves differing views of who deserves compassion and how much, a matter that generates its own distinctive political positions. For example, American conservatives have historically taken the harsher view that those in pain are less deserving of sympathy or pain relief. 2

(C) The sufferer feels alone with their pain, and depends on the capacity of others to empathize and to believe them. As Scarry puts it, "To have pain is to have certainty; to hear about pain is to have doubt." 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


127. 20영독 12-11

 

In the classic model of the Sumerian economy, the temple functioned as an administrative authority governing commodity production, collection, and redistribution.


(A) For that matter, it is not clear how widespread literacy was at its beginnings. The use of identifiable symbols and pictograms on the early tablets is consistent with administrators needing a lexicon that was mutually intelligible by literate and nonliterate parties. 1

(B) As cuneiform script became more abstract, literacy must have become increasingly important to ensure one understood what he or she had agreed to. 2

(C) The discovery of administrative tablets from the temple complexes at Uruk suggests that token use and consequently writing evolved as a tool of centralized economic governance. Given the lack of archaeological evidence from Uruk-period domestic sites, it is not clear whether individuals also used the system for personal agreements. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


128. 20영독 12-1214

 

Although Joyce had little patience with elderly people, she applied for the activity director position in a nursing facility.


(A) She was a broad-shouldered woman with large hands and feet, in a near prone position. She spent her days in a blue chair. Her hair, sparse and iron-gray, had twin cowlicks that caused it to stick out in all directions. Worse yet, Miss Lilly never spoke. Joyce had seen her one relative, a niece, several times. Each visit was the same. Standing a few feet in front of the blue chair, her niece would say, "Your check came, your bill is paid." Never a personal word, a hug, or any sign of affection. Months passed, and Miss Lilly seemed to shrink lower and lower down in her chair. Joyce discovered she was not eating well and gave up her lunch hour to feed Miss Lilly. Seeing how much Miss Lilly enjoyed Jell-0 and pudding, Joyce brought her extra. Joyce talked to her constantly ― about the weather, current events, anything that she could think of. 1

(B) One day, to her amazement, Miss Lilly spoke. "Bend down," Miss Lilly said. Quickly, Joyce knelt at her side. "Put your arms around me and pretend you love me," Miss Lilly whispered. "Me love Miss Lilly?" Joyce had never thought about it. Joyce gathered Miss Lilly into her arms and felt her heart bursting with love. There have been many Miss Lillys in Joyce's life since then and she knows there will be others. They are the ones who need more than kindness and care; they need a little piece of her heart. She loves each day of work, sharing with the residents with her life, her joys, and her sorrows. They share with her their past, their fear of the future, their families, and most of all, their love. Because of Miss Lilly, Joyce never feels the same about the older generation, about nursing facilities, or even about life. 2

(C) When the ringing of the telephone woke her, it was 8:05 am. The woman on the other end sounded cheerful. "I have your application for activity director," she said. "We are about to open a new unit. How soon can you be here for an interview?" Trying her best to sound awake, Joyce said, "One hour. I can come in one hour." From that day on, Joyce's life changed. Each waking moment, her thoughts are on the residents of the nursing facility. The residents fill her thoughts and her heart. Her first love was Miss Lilly, a lonely woman with only one living relative. Miss Lilly was not a pretty sight. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


129. 20영독 M3-01

 

Since the Book Tree Library was founded in 2001 as a place for research and study, we have made efforts to meet the users' various needs.


(A) Funds are needed to employ more administrative staff. For 20 years, our dream has been to build the library of everything and make it available to everyone. Please help the Book Tree Library. 1

(B) We are about to modernize our services. We strive to develop electronic library resources, as well as provide remote services to our users. We need to buy more paperback books to sustain a library you can trust. 0

(C) If everyone donates $5, we can end this fundraising campaign successfully. With your donation we can make our dream come true. If you find our library useful, please help us. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


130. 20영독 M3-02

 

It was July 1985.


(A) Billy gazed up at the enormous building with its nine floors and its thousand windows. It was the big day, a watershed in his life, and he couldn't get his head round it. He'd retired! At last! The enormity of the event began to sink in, and a shiver of joy ran down his spine. 0

(B) No more trying to persuade uncooperative colleagues to take one of his improvement courses; no more having to bow and scrape to bosses who paid lip service to the need for his job. No more having to join the morning rush hour to get to work on time. No more being ruled by the demands of tight timetables and having to jump whenever some superior gave the command. Farewell to all that! Now he knew how a prisoner felt on the day of his release when he heard the gate finally clang behind him. 2

(C) He'd left! Actually left! Finally got away from the William Pitt College of Technology. What a nightmare of a job it'd been. Now he was free. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


131. 20영독 M3-03

 

If you're a young athlete, you, your parents, and your coaches want you to experience success now because you and they believe that early success is highly predictive of later success in your sport.


(A) For example, out of the thousands of young baseball players who have competed in the Little League World Series throughout the years, fewer than 50 went on to major-league careers. In fact, phenoms are a statistical rarity, and those can't-miss kids often do miss later in their athletic careers. 1

(B) More often than not, it is the athletes who keep at it through setbacks, plateaus, and failures who ultimately "make it." Your efforts early on as you strive for your sports goals should be devoted to preparing yourself for success in the future, when it matters most, not achieving quick and immediate success. 2

(C) Our athletic culture is obsessed with the "phenom" and the "can't-miss kid," who show earlier dominance in a sport. Yet, although there have been phenoms who went on to great success later in their careers, this perception is as much fantasy as reality. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


132. 20영독 M3-04

 

Why did evolution decide to ban muscle activity during REM sleep?


(A) It wouldn't take long before you quickly left the gene pool. The brain paralyzes the body so the mind can dream safely. 2

(B) Because by eliminating muscle activity you are prevented from acting out your dream experience. During REM sleep, there is a nonstop barrage of motor commands swirling around the brain, and they underlie the movement-rich experience of dreams. 0

(C) Wise, then, of Mother Nature to have tailored a physiological straitjacket that forbids these fictional movements from becoming reality, especially considering that you've stopped consciously perceiving your surroundings. You can well imagine the disastrous outcome of falsely enacting a dream fight, or a frantic sprint from an approaching dream foe, while your eyes are closed and you have no comprehension of the world around you. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


133. 20영독 M3-05

 

When you and your daughter hear the word volunteering, what's the first image that comes to your mind?


(A) That's a long way from eating raw bugs in Africa! She found something that she loved doing and gives her time helping others. 2

(B) Donating your outgrown clothes to the Salvation Army? Maybe you think volunteering means you have to go to Africa and live in a mud hut and eat raw bugs while teaching Sunday School to starving children. Actually, those are ways to volunteer, yet the world of volunteering is much broader than the stereotypical ideas most people have. 0

(C) There are hundreds of ways to volunteer, from collecting newspapers for the Humane Society to playing the guitar at an assisted living center. There's a volunteer possibility just right for your daughter. I have a friend who loves gymnastics, so she volunteers at a local gym and teaches kids to somersault and do cartwheels. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


134. 20영독 M3-06

 

How often do we think about the air we breathe, the water we drink, or the soil our agribusiness conglomerates plant our vegetables in?


(A) Only when people can see — and smell — the air they breathe and cough when they inhale does air become a visible resource. Water, the universal solvent, causes no concern (and very little thought) until shortages occur, or until it is so foul that nothing can live in it or drink it. Only when we lack water or the quality is poor do we think of water as a resource to "worry" about. 1

(B) Is soil a resource or is it "dirt?" Unless you farm, or plant a garden, soil is only "dirt." Whether you pay any heed to the soil/dirt debate depends on what you use soil for ― and on how hungry you are. 2

(C) Not often enough. The typical attitude toward natural resources is often deliberate ignorance. Only when someone must wait in line for hours to fill the car gas tank does gasoline become a concern. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


135. 20영독 M3-07

 

Twenty to thirty years is a long time in the annals of information technology ― long enough to allow us to discern a fundamental rift between the inner workings of yesterday's and today's computational tools.


(A) In a metaphorical sense, computers are now developing their own science ― a new kind of science. Thus, just as the digital revolution of the 1990s (new machines, same old science) generated a new way of making, today's computational revolution (same machines, but a brand-new science) is generating a new way of thinking. 2

(B) At the beginning, in the 1990s, we used our brand-new digital machines to implement the old science we knew — in a sense, we carried all the science we had over to the new computational platforms we were then just discovering. 0

(C) Now, to the contrary, we are learning that computers can work better and faster when we let them follow a different, nonhuman, postscientific method; and we increasingly find it easier to let computers solve problems in their own way — even when we do not understand what they do or how they do it. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


136. 20영독 M3-09

 

Walter Mischel was born in Vienna in 1930, in a house that was a short walk away from where Sigmund Freud lived.


(A) He suggested that the early link with Freud led him to begin his career as an advocate of Freud and psychoanalysis. However, he found that the psychoanalytic approach was of little help in his work with inner-city aggressive youngsters. 1

(B) His family moved to New York when he was 10 years old to escape from the Nazis. He studied psychology but qualified as a social worker. 0

(C) This led him to undertake a PhD in psychology at Ohio State University, where he worked with George Kelly and Julian Rotter. After graduation he worked at Harvard University and then Stanford University before moving to Columbia University in 1984. While at Harvard he worked on a project assessing performance for the Peace Corps and found that global trait measures of personality were not good predictors of performance. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


137. 20영독 M3-12

 

In no way is the use of the word "concept" intended to suggest that perceiving is an intellectual operation.


(A) It seems now that the same mechanisms operate on both the perceptual and the intellectual level, so that terms like concept, judgment, logic, abstraction, conclusion, computation, are needed in describing the work of the senses. 2

(B) The processes in question must be thought of as occurring within the visual sector of the nervous system. But the term concept is intended to suggest a striking similarity between the elementary activities of the senses and the higher ones of thinking or reasoning. 0

(C) So great is this similarity that many psychologists attributed the achievements of the senses to secret aid supposedly rendered them by the intellect. Those psychologists spoke of unconscious conclusions or computations because they assumed that perception itself could do no more than mechanically register the impingements of the outer world. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


138. 20영독 M3-13

 

One alternative to self-disclosure is to keep your thoughts and feelings to yourself.


(A) Social scientists have found that people often make distinctions between "lies of omission" and "lies of commission" — and that saying nothing (omission) is usually judged less harshly than telling an outright lie (commission). One study showed that in the workplace, holding back information is often seen as a better alternative than lying or engaging in intentional deception. 2

(B) Telling the whole truth may be honest, but it can jeopardize you, the other person, and your relationship. Most thoughtful communicators would keep quiet rather than give unwanted opinions like "You look awful" or "You talk too much." 1

(C) You can get a sense of how much you rely on silence instead of disclosing by keeping a record of when you do and don't express your opinions. You're likely to find that withholding thoughts and feelings is a common approach for you. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


139. 20영독 M3-14

 

Sociologist Erving Goffman notes "that when an individual appears before others he will have many motives for trying to control the impression they receive of the situation."


(A) In words, gestures, and small signs, we leave a trail of cues that are meant to guide the responses of our audiences. No moment in the routine events of the day is too small to be completely without persuasion. 2

(B) He referred to such strategies as impression management. Since we perform many of these roles simultaneously, we are constantly faced with the imperatives of making our actions and attitudes acceptable to others. Every role we play carries a number of possible strategies for influencing others. 1

(C) We want to be liked and to have our ideas accepted. We want others to show regard for our feelings and for the values that serve as the anchors for our actions. Goffman reminds us that children, teachers, parents, close friends, employees, employers, spouses, lovers, and coworkers all have strategies for projecting their interests to those with whom they come in contact. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


140. 20영독 M3-15

 

Entrepreneurs succeed by providing customers with businesses and services they value.


(A) Business people draw on their knowledge acquired from experience to make more accurate assessments of areas of possible demand. Part of this involves getting into the heads of the consumers to see how they perceive products in relation to their needs. In so doing, you need to be aware of changes in lifestyles of consumers and their product needs. 1

(B) This requires knowledge of what people value and how to provide those goods and services. It is hard to succeed without that knowledge. The person who observes a change in consumption patterns will not necessarily realize its importance unless he or she is familiar with the product or industry. 0

(C) With this knowledge, you can create a product that connects with the changing lifestyles of the potential market. Firms that put together new combinations of technologies and build products that fit into buyers' thought systems should have greater potential for survival than those that do not. 2


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


141. 20영독 M3-16

 

The mystery of why we are attracted to sad music is a particularly fascinating paradox that has puzzled philosophers for centuries, with very little empirical research on the subject until the last decade.


(A) Research supports this idea, with findings that people do mostly prefer to listen to up-tempo music in major keys, music which is usually perceived as happy. Counterintuitively, however, in the case of music or other aesthetic experiences, the evidence suggests that we also willingly seek out experiences of sadness, even seeming to enjoy them. 1

(B) As David Hume says, "they are pleased as they are afflicted, and never so happy as when they employ tears, sobs and cries to give vent to their sorrow." 2

(C) 'Negative' emotions such as sadness are generally held to involve avoidance behaviours according to most models of emotion, impelling us to escape from situations or people that make us feel sad, thus protecting us from potential danger. We could expect, therefore, that people would usually display a preference for listening to happy music. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


142. 20영독 M3-17

 

The form of street art changes to meet the conditions of the political system.


(A) In an authoritarian system, political matters take precedence over social, cultural, and economic questions. The opposition's push is to resolve political questions first; their themes record a regime's sins. In a competitive system, once the transition questions are resolved, the street art begins to reflect an array of pressing problems — political, social, economic, or cultural in nature. These are recorded in posters, graffiti, wallpaintings, and murals. 2

(B) In open, pluralistic societies, collectives competing for political space often utilize all forms to record their historical memory. However, in noncompetitive, authoritarian systems where government dominates public space, graffiti becomes the primary medium; posters, wallpaintings, and murals are more risky. Until the twilight of the Augusto Pinochet regime, the painting of murals ceased because of the high political risks. 0

(C) Leaflets supplemented the underground graffiti. At times they were displayed as wallposters. Themes also adapt to reflect pressing national problems. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


143. 20영독 M3-18

 

The American Revolution ranks among the most written about episodes in history.


(A) It achieved independence and forged a great nation. But historians and readers have mostly approached it as an isolated American drama, the decisive formative episode in the history of the nation-state. 0

(B) Like the French Revolution, these were all profoundly affected by, and impacted on, America in ways rarely examined and discussed in broad context. 2

(C) That it also exerted an immense social, cultural, and ideological impact on the rest of the world that proved fundamental to the shaping of democratic modernity has attracted little attention since the mid-nineteenth century until very recently. The American Revolution, preceding the great French Revolution of 1789-99, was the first and one of the most momentous upheavals of a whole series of revolutionary events gripping the Atlantic world during the three-quarters of a century from 1775 to 1848-49. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


144. 20영독 M3-19

 

A very few animal species have rudimentary culture.


(A) A local troop of Japanese macaques have learned, from the example an innovative female in their midst provided, how to clean sweet potatoes by washing them in water. Equally impressive, members of at least one chimpanzee troop use bush stems stripped of leaves to fish for termite soldiers, the suicidally aggressive insect fighters that bite and hold on to any invader of their nest. Members of a second group of chimpanzees have learned from one another how to swim and dive or otherwise move through water. 0

(B) Linguists define it as the highest form of communication, an endless combination of words translatable into symbols, and arbitrarily chosen to confer meaning. They are used to label any conceivable entity, process, or one or more attributes that define entity and process. 2

(C) These are among the very rare examples of true cultures ― behavior invented by individuals and groups and passed on by the social learning of others. But no animal species, at least none out of the more than one million known, has a language. What then is language ― what exactly? 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


145. 20영독 M3-20

 

Fear of radiation is problematic considering the trend in radiation exposures.


(A) Since 1980, the background radiation exposure level for Americans has doubled, and is likely to continue to climb. Similar patterns are occurring in all of the developed and developing countries. This increase in background radiation is almost entirely due to the expanding use of radiation procedures in medicine. 0

(B) While some people are getting no medical radiation exposure at all, others are receiving substantial doses. Under such circumstances, the "average" background radiation level means little to the individual. People need to be aware of their personal radiation exposures and weigh the risks and benefits before agreeing to subject themselves to medical radiation procedures. 2

(C) The benefits of diagnostic radiology in identifying disease and monitoring treatment progress have been significant. However, radiation has also been overused in many circumstances, conveying little or no benefits to patients while still subjecting them to increased risks. Furthermore, medical radiation is not distributed evenly across the population. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


146. 20영독 M3-21

 

Unlike conventional marketing activities, like advertising and promotions, that are planned and scripted, sports events are inherently unpredictable.


(A) Fans, athletes, teams, and companies do not know outcomes. Despite even the most formidable track records of success, one cannot know for certain whether past sport performances will continue or whether expectations will be turned upside down. 0

(B) Yet sports fans follow sports partly because outcomes are not guaranteed. Fans have an emotional attachment to their favorite teams and athletes, irrespective (mostly) of their recent performances. If sports were scripted then they would lose credibility, spontaneity would be lost, and they would be no different than a conventional company-directed ad campaign. 2

(C) This very unpredictability separates sports from almost all other corporate marketing activities. Indeed, many business managers find this prospect of uncertainty distinctly uncomfortable and consequently shy away from using sports as a marketing platform. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


147. 20영독 M3-22

 

Formal education has had a major and positive impact on society, but it is also true that not all students meet their learning aspirations.


(A) This subset of problems is nevertheless fundamental to education and, in general, includes the difficulties that many students have in effectively learning and understanding new ideas and concepts, correcting misconceptions, achieving proficiency in math and reading, and thinking critically. Even in the best of circumstances, many students will still struggle, and many of the efforts of cognitive and educational psychologists are aimed at helping students more effectively learn and teachers more effectively teach. 2

(B) Many children and adults struggle to learn and many are left behind. The problems that undermine their efforts to succeed (and instructors' efforts to help them) arise from numerous sources. 0

(C) A short list includes poor nutrition, poor physical or mental health, a lack of motivation, boredom, social and interpersonal problems at school or at home, ineffective approaches to learning, learning disabilities, and poor access to educational resources. Successfully solving these problems will require many solutions and only a subset of them are targeted by cognitive psychologists. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


148. 20영독 M3-23

 

Whereas nineteenth-century dietary reformers worried that we'd stopped baking our own bread, today's food evangelists worry that we've stopped cooking altogether.


(A) It's true that families eat out more than in the past. And women spend less time cooking than they did a few generations ago. 0

(B) The difference is that these women previously worked inside the home, as domestic laborers, rather than in restaurants. At the peak, almost two million domestic workers were employed in American households. Anthropologist Amy Trubek notes that idealized visions of home cooking persistently neglect "the many generations of paid cooks who first worked in homes and then in commercial settings to make these meals possible." 2

(C) But oversimplified comparisons of today's families with those of previous generations fail to acknowledge the fact that Americans have long depended on the labor of others to get dinner on the table. Poor white women and women of color prepared many people's meals a century ago, just as they do today. 1


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


149. 20영독 M3-2425

 

In an experiment, more than one hundred volunteers were shown two photographs, each of a woman's face.


(A) That is, immediately after deciding that woman A was more attractive, a double-card ploy was used to confront subjects with the picture of woman B and they had to explain why they chose her (the two women depicted on the photos were quite distinct). Remarkably, most of the time the subjects were fooled. Only in fewer than 25% of trials were participants aware that their original choice was not honored, that they had been fooled. Most of the time, they ignored the discrepancy between their original conscious decision and what they were told they had decided. 1

(B) And even more remarkably, they proceeded to justify this choice even though it contradicted what they actually did a few seconds earlier: "She's radiant. I would rather have approached her than the other one. I like her earrings," even though the original choice looked solemn and had no earrings. What choice blindness reveals is that people often have no idea why they choose the way they do. But their urge to explain their actions is such that this does not prevent them from making up a story on the spot, confabulating without knowing it. 2

(C) After looking at both pictures for a few seconds, they had to choose the one that looked most attractive to them. Immediately after three such choices, subjects were shown again the face they had just chosen and were asked to explain their choice. They readily complied. On three other trials, the experimentalist, in a sleight of hand, exchanged the picture of the chosen woman with the opposite image. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


150. 20영독 M3-2628

 

It was one of the great moments in Australian sport.


(A) And it's you, Betty Cuthbert.' Betty's knees tremble with emotion. And yet, though hands reach out to support her, she waves them away, stands tall for the national anthem, then makes her way, still upright and unaided, 100 metres or more back into the bowels of the stadium ― using all those qualities of pride, resilience and strength that had made her such a champion all those years ago. Just one step inside the tunnel, however, the instant she is out of public view, she collapses into the arms of officials. There is a flood of tears, of pain from the multiple sclerosis and sheer emotion. It takes a while, but after she sobs out the story of what Raelene had said to her on the dais, everyone within earshot is crying too. 2

(B) But not for this occasion! No, to give Raelene her medal, Betty is determined to do it on her own two feet, and now, painfully, slowly, makes her way forward unaided right to the dais in the centre of the stadium. As the crowd roars even more, she reaches up with the gold medal to put it around the neck of the crowd's heroine, while the big screen flashes the very words the announcer is intoning to the stadium, 'RAELENE — OUR GOLDEN GIRL.' But now, as Raelene leans further forward, it brings her mouth close to Betty's ear, enabling her to whisper, 'Don't believe it. There's only one golden girl. 1

(C) You see, when Raelene Boyle won gold in her last race, at the Brisbane Commonwealth Games in 1982 — roaring home in the 400 metres ― the stadium roared even as the nation came to a standstill. Raelene, a beloved figure, who had been denied gold in the previous two Olympics at the hands of East Germans, had at least and at last the perfect finish to her career. And who has been organised to present the medal at such an emotion-charged, proud, national moment? Why, none other than Betty Cuthbert! Betty, a legend of her own time, had three Olympic gold medals to her credit from a quarter-century earlier, before she contracted multiple sclerosis — which is why in 1982 she was mostly wheelchair-bound. 0


① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B ⑤ C-B-A

 


[ANSWER]
1. ⑤ 2. ③ 3. ③ 4. ③ 5. ④ 6. ① 7. ④ 8. ⑤ 9. ① 10. ③


11. ③ 12. ① 13. ⑤ 14. ① 15. ② 16. ③ 17. ② 18. ③ 19. ② 20. ②


21. ① 22. ④ 23. ① 24. ② 25. ④ 26. ④ 27. ① 28. ⑤ 29. ⑤ 30. ⑤


31. ⑤ 32. ① 33. ③ 34. ③ 35. ③ 36. ④ 37. ⑤ 38. ② 39. ① 40. ⑤


41. ③ 42. ② 43. ① 44. ① 45. ② 46. ③ 47. ③ 48. ③ 49. ② 50. ⑤


51. ① 52. ② 53. ① 54. ① 55. ② 56. ② 57. ③ 58. ② 59. ⑤ 60. ④


61. ③ 62. ③ 63. ⑤ 64. ② 65. ③ 66. ④ 67. ④ 68. ① 69. ② 70. ②


71. ④ 72. ③ 73. ⑤ 74. ⑤ 75. ④ 76. ③ 77. ① 78. ⑤ 79. ⑤ 80. ①


81. ④ 82. ① 83. ③ 84. ③ 85. ③ 86. ② 87. ③ 88. ⑤ 89. ② 90. ⑤


91. ③ 92. ④ 93. ⑤ 94. ④ 95. ③ 96. ① 97. ③ 98. ③ 99. ④ 100. ②


101. ④ 102. ① 103. ② 104. ① 105. ① 106. ② 107. ① 108. ⑤ 109. ② 110. ①


111. ① 112. ① 113. ② 114. ① 115. ② 116. ① 117. ⑤ 118. ② 119. ① 120. ⑤


121. ⑤ 122. ③ 123. ① 124. ⑤ 125. ④ 126. ① 127. ④ 128. ④ 129. ② 130. ①


131. ④ 132. ③ 133. ③ 134. ④ 135. ③ 136. ② 137. ③ 138. ⑤ 139. ⑤ 140. ②


141. ④ 142. ③ 143. ① 144. ① 145. ① 146. ① 147. ③ 148. ① 149. ④ 150. ⑤


 

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